Law Enforcement

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The government may not have officially detained them, but have in ways such as not granting permanent residency, not granting citizenship to ethnic Kyrgyz who were born in China but live in Kyrgyzstan so they had to go back to China. There is also at least one public case where a Uyghur Chinese citizen was kidnapped from his neighborhood in Osh, south of Kyrgyzstan and was later found in China with no immigration record from the Kyrgyz side: Link

1. https://rus.azattyk.org/a/27914186.html

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

When 67-year-old pensioner Qalida Akytkhan decided to join a small protest outside the Chinese Consulate in Almaty, it was three years after three of her sons were detained at a so-called "reeducation camp" in China's northwestern Xinjiang region. Link Authorities are still intent on demonstrating fealty to Beijing by thwarting grassroots activism critical of the Chinese government. Serik Azhibai is the latest object of that harassment. On August 3, Azhibai was arrested by police after holding a one-man picket outside China’s consulate in Almaty. The purpose of the demonstration was to demand the expulsion of Beijing’s ambassador, Zhang Xiao, who has provoked ill-will among citizens and officials alike with remarks perceived as disrespecting Kazakhs and their nation’s sovereignty. Link

1. https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-protests-china-xinjiang-rights-abuses/31186209.html
2. https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-squeezes-china-critics-as-xinjiang-anxieties-spread

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/tajikistan-01242011150501.html
2. https://www.rferl.org/a/31309627.html
3. https://east-turkistan.net/press-release-evidence-of-chinese-operatives-in-tajikistan-rounding-up-uyghurs-and-deporting-them-submitted-to-icc-prosecutors-to-establish-jurisdiction/
4. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/deportation-08092019171834.html

Answered by Umedjon Majidi and Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Hong Kong activist Joshua Wong detained in Thailand 'at China's request' – reports Link Hong Kong activist Joshua Wong barred from entering Thailand Link

1. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/05/hong-kong-activist-joshua-wong-detained-thailand-china-deportation
2. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-37558908
3. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/10/thailand-defends-uighur-deportation-to-china-we-didnt-send-them-all-back

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• … Cambodia has arrested and sent at least 1,000 Chinese and Taiwanese residents allegedly involved in such schemes to China since 2012… Link • Cambodia Backs China on Hong Kong Protests Link • …“He wants to [enhance] our [collaborative] working connections so that the embassy can monitor Chinese nationals who come [to Cambodia] for investment or travel,” Sar Thet said… Link • More Than 200 Chinese Arrested in Cambodia for Online Scams Link

1. https://www.voanews.com/silicon-valley-technology/more-200-chinese-arrested-cambodia-online-scams
2. https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/cambodia-backs-china-hong-kong-protests
3. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/cambodia/chinese-suspects-cambodia-12-2019-12132019132119.html
4. https://www.voanews.com/silicon-valley-technology/more-200-chinese-arrested-cambodia-online-scams

Supplementary Notes

There are many arrests, deportations and extraditions to China which includes drug trafficking, money laundering, hacking, spam calls etc. The demand for freedom and separation are considered as a crime and Cambodia is firm in one China policy. Chinese authorities request to arrest , out of which some fellow citizens might have been targeted by the PRC to be deported to the mainland China. The case of Uyghurs return, sending back around 1000 Chinese, Taiwanese etc. from Cambodia to mainland China from 2012 to 2018 are examples of this trend. What happened to those who were returned rarely comes in public.… Uk Haiseila, chief of the Immigration Investigation Bureau, said the raids followed a request for help from Chinese police and an investigation that lasted several months….Chinese scammers often enter Cambodia on tourist visas, according to immigration police. Link

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cambodia-china-idUSKBN1HU0L5

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Hong Kong activist Joshua Wong refused entry to Malaysia: … oshua Wong, 18, had been invited to the country to take part in academic talks on democracy in China. He was detained shortly after arriving at an airport on the northern island of Penang and sent back to Hong Kong. Link Hong Kong lawmaker 'Long Hair' denied entry to Malaysia to speak about Tiananmen crackdown Link China pressure suspected as Malaysia bars Hong Kong teen activist Link

1. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32882510
2. https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1812117/hong-kong-lawmaker-long-hair-detained-malaysias-penang
3. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-hongkong-democracy-activist-idUSKBN0OB0LY20150526

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Since July 3, 2017, authorities have arrested at least 62 Uyghurs who were living in Egypt without informing them of the grounds for their detention, and have denied them access to lawyers and their families. China has in recent months demanded the return of Uyghur students living abroad as it cracks down on the Muslim minority, accusing the community of “separatism” and “religious extremism.” Link

1. https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/08/egypt-dont-deport-uyghurs-china

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://tr.euronews.com/2021/01/22/dogu-turkistanl-lardan-turkiye-deki-ev-bask-nlar-na-kars-ac-klama-endiseliyiz
2. https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/turkiyede-uygurlarin-evleri-neden-basiliyor-haber-1510914
3. https://tr.euronews.com/2021/02/10/istanbul-da-cin-buyukelciliginin-onundeki-uygur-eylemcilere-gozalt
4. https://www.npr.org/2020/03/13/800118582/i-thought-it-would-be-safe-uighurs-in-turkey-now-fear-china-s-long-arm
5. https://www.duvarenglish.com/turkish-polices-detention-questioning-of-uyghurs-signal-extradition-deal-expert-says-news-55948

Supplementary Notes

Media reports and international rights groups say that houses of many Uyghurs have been raided, Chinese citizens of Uyghur ethnicity are detained and sent to extradition centres. Furthermore, Uyghur protestors and others who organised public protests in front of Chinese diplomatic missions in Turkey were detained several times based on Chinese Embassy’s requests.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Government and local authorities detain people at the request of PRC's India based embassies. Sometimes protesters are detained without the request from the PRC to maintain the bilateral relationship.

1. https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/galwan-stand-off-police-detain-protestors-from-outside-chinese-embassy20200617150609/
2. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/faceoff-netizens-outrage-as-delhi-police-detains-free-tibet-protesters/articleshow/84015549.cms
3. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tibetans-in-india-demonstrate-against-beijing-olympics/articleshow/89342305.cms

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Human rights activists are urging Uzbekistan to deny a Chinese extradition request for an ethnic Kazakh citizen of China who is now stuck in the Central Asian nation’s main air terminal “Uzbekistan has a legal obligation under international law not to send a person to any country where he or she could face torture or the death penalty, even if that person is technically in a ‘transit zone’ of the airport,” Swerdlow said. Uzbekistan’s Foreign Ministry said it was unaware of Xiaheman’s case. China’s Foreign Ministry had no immediate comment. Link The Mysterious Case of the Missing Kazakh-Chinese Refugee; A Chinese-born Kazakh was fighting deportation in Uzbekistan. Now no one is sure where he is-Link

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uzbekistan-china-businessman-idUSKCN1PX1H1
2. https://thediplomat.com/2019/02/the-mysterious-case-of-the-missing-kazakh-refugee/

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The former Afghan republic arrested and handed over Muslim Uighur to China to aimed to persuade Chinese government over Pakistan in facilitating Afghan government and Taliban’s negotiations. The Republic government was very willing to cooperate with the Chinese – in part as they hoped it would help gain leverage with regards Pakistan, but also frankly as they saw the Uyghurs fighting in Afghanistan as their enemies (given they were fighting alongside the Taliban).

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-taliban-china-idUSKBN0LO18020150220
2. https://thediplomat.com/2015/02/afghanistan-transfers-captured-uyghur-militants-to-china/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-italy-xinjiang-idUSKBN1AD16Z

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/beijing-pakistan-uyghurs/31406166.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Taiwanese government never detains citizens at the request of China.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chen Yu-jie

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Indonesia has not detained an Indonesian citizen at the request of the PRC just for committing a crime involving issues regarding Hong Kong or Xinjiang as it is usual for citizen of Indonesia to conduct demonstration as part of their political rights.

1. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-uighur-muslims-detention-protest-jakarta-indonesia-ambassador-expelled-a8694111.html
2. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/indonesia-malaysia-protests-12272019153424.html
3. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-50867817

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No

Supplementary Notes

No known instance, although Singapore may warn citizens privately.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of this

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No clear evidence

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest this

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence was found on the detention of a fellow citizen at the request of the PRC for the appointed reasons.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No report about detention of Bolivian citizen at request of the PRC.

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There have been no reports on detentions on those basis.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Through an online search, major newspapers and academic journals, there is no record of those type of detentions.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

It was not possible to find information about this aspect.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no information about this type of cases in Chile.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This has not happened.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

There’s no evidence that this indicator has appeared in Mexico.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://idehpucp.pucp.edu.pe/notas-informativas/cidh-presenta-caso-de-ciudadano-chino-contra-el-estado-peruano-ante-la-corte-interamericana-de-derechos-humanos/

Supplementary Notes

Because of the lack of evidence, we support our answer.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

no evidence of this was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3134131/philippines-coronavirus-missteps-could-make-it-asias
2. https://www.rappler.com/nation/hillary-clinton-fears-philippines-become-heavily-influenced-china
3. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/15/maria-ressa-rappler-editor-found-guilty-of-cyber-libel-charges-in-philippines

Supplementary Notes

There are no known or direct request from PRC to detained a Filipino citizen for being involved on movements or activism against Hong Kong or Xinjiang. However, Maria Ressa, the co –owner and founder of Rappler has been found guilty of cyber libel was very vocal about his criticism about the government’s “corruption and extra judicial killings” and for being in favour of China. In addition, a giant tv network that shares news and opinions opposing the current administration’s action and how it seems to be favourable towards China’ administration despite many allegations was also been targeted resulting to the cancel of its licence and franchise to operate.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Official judicial authorities and the Border Police did not report such detentions between January 2020 and March 2021.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence available.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence of this having taken place in the manner the questions sets out.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

In December, one Chinese citizen of Uyghur ethnicity was detained at Belgrade airport. Despite fears that this could mean that he was about to be extradited to China, he was merely denied entry and was ultimately flown back to Turkey, the country of departure. China made no public statements about the case nor has it indicated that any legal proceedings were under way against the individual in question. See: Link

1. https://www.euronews.rs/srbija/aktuelno/28126/slucaj-ujgura-kome-je-odbijen-ulazak-u-srbiju-strahovao-od-izrucenja-kini-advokat-danas-se-vratio-porodici-u-tursku/vest

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence can be found.

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No available data on this question but since there is no treaty agreement between Sierra Leone and China this is not supposed to happen

1. http://www.gd.jcy.gov.cn/jcyw/sfxz/flfgytyxd/201812/t20181212_2440091.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No data was found to support this indicator

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No available information on this question

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Information sources with the PRO of the Gambian Ministry of Defence as the the office of the director of information service at the Ministry of Information did not provide any information that this has occurred between Gambia and China. Also, China and the Gambia does not have extradition treaty which makes difficult for the Gambia to accede to such request as outlined in this question.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Zambia is against people who meddle in China's internal affairs but the government has never had to be compelled to arrest such individuals. In any case, Zambia is mostly worried about anti-Chinese sentiment among Zambians rather minority groups from China.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such data was found during our research.

1. https://www.google.com/search?q=bangladesh+detained+people+at+the+request+of+the+PRC&sxsrf=ALiCzsZMA7RAcQsGlh7mRCc3KdMxRJEr7Q%3A1654022819357&ei=o2KWYtW8FcKhseMP9MeckAk&ved=0ahUKEwiVmuSUs4r4AhXCUGwGHfQjB5IQ4dUDCA4&uact=5&oq=bangladesh+detained+people+at+the+request+of+the+PRC&sclient=gws-wiz

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has up until now been no public report of such incidents in Austria.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No arrests have been made, but demonstrations "against" China are dispersed / not allowed.

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence that suggests otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence for such a behavior.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.politico.eu/article/greek-police-arrest-activists-olympic-ceremony-disruption-beijing-tibet-protest/
2. https://www.dw.com/en/beijing-winter-games-flame-lit-in-greece-amid-protests/a-59536701

Supplementary Notes

However, there was a couple of incidents in October 2021, ahead of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games. Several pro-Tibet activists were arrested for disrupting the flame-lighting ceremony in ancient Olympia. They all had foreign passports (see the URLs above).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No se encuentra evidencia de situaciones de este tipo en Costa Rica. Generalmente, las detenciones de extranjeros se reportan por las autoridades, a requerimiento de la Interpol, por conductas delictivas.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No existen reportes ni en el periodo 2007-2017, ni en años posteriores.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We have not identified any case of request by the PRC to the Romanian government related to detaining people for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/moldova/

Supplementary Notes

While the Moldovan government did not arrest anyone, it did erase Falun Dafa/Falun Gong from the registry of non-profit organizations in 2015. In 2021, the European Court of Human Rights ruled against Moldova in this case and the government re-registered Falun Dafa/Falun Gong

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_teen-fiancee-flee-netherlands-avoid-extradition-back-china/6208514.html

Supplementary Notes

A citizen of PRC has been detained in Ukraine, at the request of PRC authorities, for his online comments over clashes between China and India. But the person was allowed to leave to the Netherlands. So, it is not entirely clear if this case falls under the indicator described

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No sources found, but unlikely with the Dutch parliaments stance on Xinjiang and the lack of extradition treaty

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

No existe evidencia suficiente para responder esta pregunta.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.