Portugal
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 74 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 95 / 372 | - |
Sep 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 63 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 31 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 68 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 0 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 87 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 15 % | - |
In 2023, Portugal had a GDP per capita of US$27,275 and a total population of 10.43 million people.
Portugal established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1979. Portugal was ranked 7th in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 96/100.
Key Takeaways
- Portugal is a sui generis case-study regarding China: on the one hand, a plurisecular history and a good relationship regarding Macau and also its community living in Portugal, and, on the other hand, a greater convergence with the EU and US alignment regarding China as a "Partner, Competitor, and Systemic Rival" and "Strategic Competitor". In the words of the former Minister of Foreign Affairs: "China is a Partner, but not our Ally"
- The economic relationship is flourishing and includes strategic assets such as China being the biggest stakeholder in the Portuguese Electric Grid Network, amongst other sensitive and important sectors of our economy. Meanwhile, a Strategic Partnership with a Close Dialogue maintained since 2019 is increasingly curtailed by national security considerations such as the exclusion from 5G networks of "companies that are not from NATO, EU or OECD member-states" and the EU Critical Raw Materials Act.
- Domestically, the emphasis of Chinese influence has been mostly on culture and language rather than a main strategic spill-over into the relationship between the two states.
- In 2024, two issues should remain under the spotlight that are a good barometer regarding the evolution of the bilateral relationship: the announcement of an ambitious investment regarding lithium electric batteries, and developments pertaining to Huawei's legal challege to its exclusion from 5G.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Some media organizations are mentioned in the World Chinese Media network but their operation seems to be more Portuguese versions of Chinese media or Macau related rather than Portuguese media truly operating in Portugal. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Most seem not to be really operational or very scarce in terms of news contents. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Lusa News Agency,Portugal, which is the Portuguese news agency, is a Council Member of Belt and Road News Network. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Since this is the main Portuguese News Agency the impact is considerable. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2023, China organized a training course for press officials and journalists from Portuguese-speaking countries in Beijing. Thirty press officers and journalists from six Portuguese-speaking countries, including Portugal, among others, participated in the training course. The course included lectures, exchanges, seminars, cultural visits, and other travel activities. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few " rating. Nonetheless, the impact seems very limited. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.cipgtraining.org/index.php?s=/Article/articleInfo/article_id/541.html
- https://www.cipgtraining.org/index.php?s=/Article/articleInfo/article_id/543.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2023, China organized a training course for press officials and journalists from Portuguese-speaking countries in Beijing. Thirty press officers and journalists from six Portuguese-speaking countries, including Portugal, among others, participated in the training course. The course included lectures, exchanges, seminars, cultural visits, and other activities. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few " rating. Nonetheless, the impact seems limited. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.cipgtraining.org/index.php?s=/Article/articleInfo/article_id/541.html
- https://www.cipgtraining.org/index.php?s=/Article/articleInfo/article_id/543.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are available on the internet Portuguese versions of PRC state-media such as People's Daily, Xinhua and CIR. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. These state-media channels do not have a major impact in the media environment in Portugal. Therefore, the indidcator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is greater cooperation between state-funded media and its Portuguese counterparts. For instance, there is a partnership for the production of documentarys between CCTV and RTP (portuguese state television); between CCTV and Lusa (Portuguese news agency) and between Lusa and People's Daily online. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. But in both cases it is not really significant from a point of view of impact or influence of PRC propaganda within the audiences of both media outlets. The same is true of a 29,35% participation in Global Media Group (conglomerate of Radio (TSF) and Newspapers (Diario de Noticias and Jornal de Noticias) by Kevin Ho from Macau. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/cultura/detalhe/portugal_assina_tres_protocolos_de_cooperacao_cultural_com_a_china
- https://comunidadeculturaearte.com/ni-hao-china-rtp-estreia-serie-documental-desenvolvida-em-parceria-com-a-cctv-para-dar-a-conhecer-portugal-e-a-china/
- https://media.rtp.pt/extra/parcerias/rtp-reforca-parceria-com-china-media-group/
- https://observador.pt/2016/06/01/agencia-lusa-e-diario-do-povo-assinam-protocolo-de-cooperacao/
- https://eco.sapo.pt/2024/01/02/acionista-que-controla-global-media-investiu-102-milhoes-de-euros-no-grupo-diz-comissao-executiva/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
- https://expresso.pt/internacional/2021-02-10-China.-E-para-destruir-o-espirito-de-toda-a-gente-sistema-de-violacoes-em-massa-reeducacao-e-perseguicao-dos-uigures-em-Xinjiang
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/pot/sgdt/202208/t20220813_10742710.htm
Supplementary Notes
In point of fact, quite to the contrary, as can be seen by the many print articles and TV news, e. g. this article published by Expresso (main weekly newspaper) on Xinjiang reeducation camps for Uyghurs Link or the reaction note by the China Embassy in Lisbon to a news piece by CNN Portugal: Link
- https://expresso.pt/internacional/2021-02-10-China.-E-para-destruir-o-espirito-de-toda-a-gente-sistema-de-violacoes-em-massa-reeducacao-e-perseguicao-dos-uigures-em-Xinjiang
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/pot/sgdt/202208/t20220813_10742710.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are several examples of partnerships between Universities and Chinese companies such as Huawei. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. These partnerships are made with prestigious Portuguese Universities and are relevant also from a technology development point of view. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.
- https://www.ua.pt/pt/noticias/11/71824
- https://www.apdc.pt/noticias/atualidade-nacional/huawei-lanca-programa-de-parcerias-com-universidades-portuguesas-2
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are several Confucius Institutes such as the ones at the University of Minho (2006), Lisbon (2008) or Coimbra (2016). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a Few" . This network is well established and has a cultural and language dimension that is relevant. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.confucio.ulisboa.pt/pt/institucional/apresentacao
- https://www.confucio.ulisboa.pt/pt/institucional/apresentacao
- https://www.uc.pt/instituto-confucio/
- https://www.digmandarin.com/confucius-institutes-around-the-world.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a pilot project in several schools coordinated by the Minister of Education. The goal is to diversify the languages that a student can learn.This initiative seems to be in a initial or embryonic phase. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.dge.mec.pt/projeto-piloto-de-oferta-do-mandarim-no-ensino-secundario
- https://www.dge.mec.pt/ensino-de-chines-no-ensino-basico
- https://brnalink.com/vd_detail.html?library=188418
- https://news.cri.cn/uc-eco/20181205/309c9d93-54bf-1545-dde7-fb6f7ab8ca52.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is one Think Tank that is called "Friends of the Belt and Road" that has the explicit goal of aggregating "People and institutions that believe that the project One Belt One Road in which the People's Republic of China structures its current diplomatic action will lead to a new globalisation dynamics that will change the world." On the other hand, Professor Alberto Dias got the “三秦友谊奖” belonging to the talent recruitment plan of the Shaanxi Province. Professor Luísa Bastos was selected into the High-Level Foreign Experts Recruitment Program of China’s the Ministry of Science and Technology, and also employed as a part-time distinguished professor at Shandong University. Portuguese linguist João Veloso assumes office as head of UM Department of Portuguese. Professor Jorge Eiras from the University of Porto, Portugal, was appointed as the "Foreign Expert Distinguished Researcher of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.” Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Taking into account the individual academics who have been making significant inroads or have been distinguished by Chinese research centers, their activities are significant. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.
- https://www.anrs.pt/
- https://www.ua.pt/pt/iconfucio/belt-and-road-conferences
- https://gjc.snut.edu.cn/info/1036/2494.htm
- https://apd.wh.sdu.edu.cn/info/1048/9820.htm
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/ziliao_674904/zt_674979/dnzt_674981/qtzt/ddzggcd/rlmygtt/202210/t20221014_10783512.shtml
- https://www.um.edu.mo/news-and-press-releases/press-release/detail/54293/
- http://www.ihb.cas.cn/jlhz/gjjl/201309/t20130929_5740474.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Skip
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In my country, there has been some questions raised as to financing of think tanks or the role in this regard of the Confucius Institutes, but these claims are not easy to confirm. Therefore, a definite answer to this Indicator cannot be provided.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are some cases such as the following ones: Professor Alberto Dias got the “三秦友谊奖” belonging to the talent recruitment plan of the Shaanxi Province; Professor Luísa Bastos was selected into the High-Level Foreign Experts Recruitment Program of China’s the Ministry of Science and Technology, and also employed as a part-time distinguished professor at Shandong University; Portuguese linguist João Veloso assumes office as head of UM Department of Portuguese; and Professor Jorge Eiras from the University of Porto, Portugal, was appointed as the Foreign Expert Distinguished Researcher of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Moreover, the cases represent important and visible appointments. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://gjc.snut.edu.cn/info/1036/2494.htm
- https://apd.wh.sdu.edu.cn/info/1048/9820.htm
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/ziliao_674904/zt_674979/dnzt_674981/qtzt/ddzggcd/rlmygtt/202210/t20221014_10783512.shtml
- https://www.um.edu.mo/news-and-press-releases/press-release/detail/54293/
- http://www.ihb.cas.cn/jlhz/gjjl/201309/t20130929_5740474.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Skip
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In my country, there have been some questions raised regarding this issue, but these claims are not easy to confirm. For instance, the Macau Scientific Cultural Center, which is under a specific MoU between Portugal and China, has a very clear scientific dimension . Therefore, a definite answer to this Indicator cannot be provided.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
There was an incident in 2014 involving the organisation of the European Association for Chinese Studies Conference in Braga. One of the sponsors was a Taiwanese entity and its inclusion in the programme was contested and slashed by the Chinese official who was a visitor to this conferenceand demanded that the sponsored page be removed. EACS was adamant that this was a violation of its freedom and, therefore, condemned the incident. It seems to have been an isolated case and, therefore, no need to change the negative answer to this Indicator.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
- https://www.publico.pt/2020/12/10/opiniao/noticia/direitos-deshumanos-china-1942267
- https://www.wook.pt/livro/a-grande-muralha-e-o-legado-de-tiananmen-raquel-vaz-pinto/10236722
- https://thechinacollection.org/solidarity-statement-behalf-scholars-sanctioned-work-china-%E5%AD%A6%E7%95%8C%E8%81%94%E7%BD%B2%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%9A%E5%A3%B0%E6%8F%B4%E5%9B%A0%E4%BB%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%AD/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
The action of the Institute Confucius is mostly consigned to language and culture domains.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the Portuguese INE (National Institute of Statistics) in 2022 Portugal's main partner is Spain with 26% exports and 32,1% imports in goods. Therefore, there is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
- https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpgid=ine_tema&xpid=INE&tema_cod=1410&xlang=pt
- https://www.publico.pt/2023/06/09/economia/noticia/portugal-perdeu-terreno-exportacoes-tres-principais-mercados-2052768
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
Skip
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
We don't have any public indicator that acknowledges this. In 2019, with the goal of diversifying the investors in the sovereign debt Portugal issued "Panda Bonds". But ever since there hasn't been any movements in this regard. In 2019, this transaction was placed at 259 million Euros. Therefore, while the local experts have not observed the indicator phenomena, they cannot provide the necessary documentary evidence to answer the Indicator in the negative. Thefrefore, a definite answer to this Indicator cannot be provided.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In my country, PRC-related entities substantially control critical infrastructures such as REN (National Electrical Grid) with 25% by China State Grid (being its the major shareholder) plus 5% by Fidelidade insurance, which it also controls. Moreover, it also is the biggest shareholder in EDP (Main Electricity Company) with 20,86% via China Three Gorges, in BCP Millenium with 29,5% (one of the biggest private banks) by Fosun. In the banking sector two banks were bought are respectively held 100% by Haitong and Bison. Moreover, 84% of Fidelidade (one of the big insurance companies) also by Fosun and a big stake in the hospital sector with LuzSaúde. Therefore, this Indicator deserves s "Yes" response.
- https://www.edp.com/pt-pt/investors/estrutura-acionista
- https://www.ren.pt/media/wsdg3rgd/relat%C3%B3rio-integrado-2022-vers%C3%A3o-esef.xhtml
- https://ind.millenniumbcp.pt/pt/Institucional/investidores/Documents/RelatorioContas/2022/Relatorio-Grupo-BCP-2022.pdf
- https://www.fidelidade.pt/PT/a-fidelidade/investidores/informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-financeira/Paginas/Acionistas.aspx
- https://www.haitongib.com/media/4230452/relatorio-e-contas.pdf
- https://bisonbank.com/pt-pt/sobre-nos/bison-bank/
- https://www.luzsaude.pt/Portals/_default/SiteData/GlobalAssets/Documentos/4.%20Luz%20Sa%C3%BAde/Relat%C3%B3rio%20e%20contas/RC_LUZSAUDE_2022_PT.pdf?ver=d1Tu9YNBBHyKz9iSKL_1UA%3d%3d
- https://www.wook.pt/livro/negocios-da-china-anabela-campos/18821963
- https://eco.sapo.pt/2024/01/22/chineses-investem-dois-mil-milhoes-em-fabrica-de-baterias-de-litio-em-sines/
Supplementary Notes
1. All this data pertains to 31 December 2023 2. One of the first books on China's active policy of buying Portuguese companies or being their biggest shareholder is by Anabela Campos and Isabel Vicente 3. Very recently, it was announced the establishment of a factory around Sines of electric vehicles lithium batteries by a Chinese company, namely,China Aviation Lithium Battery Technology (CALB)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Portugal was one of the 57 founding members of AIIB. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/members-of-bank/index.html
- https://jornaleconomico.pt/noticias/portugal-aprovado-como-fundador-do-aiib-17653/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Portugal – Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHKCCI) is a member of the Belt and Road Global Forum. While it could be debated whether this is a major business or not, it is formally integrated into the Belt and Road. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Supplementary Notes
In Portugal, there are several business associations that deal with trade relations with China such as Luso-Chinese Chamber of Industry and Commerce and the Portugal-China Young Entrepreneus Association, but none are specifically integrated into the Belt and Road Initiative.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
One financial institution, namely, Bison Bank is included in CIPS. It is not one of the major finantial institutions but it meets the formal criterion for this indicator. Therefore, ths indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.bportugal.pt/en/page/portuguese-payment-systems-interbank-commission-comissao-interbancaria-para-os-sistemas-de
- https://bisonbank.com/bison-bank-is-now-part-of-the-cross-border-interbank-payment-system-cips/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
- https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicSearchByMemberResult.aspx?MemberCode=620&lang=1&redirect=1
- https://www.consilium.europa.eu/pt/policies/trade-policy/
Supplementary Notes
The proposal of the EU Commission on a trade deal wiht China is currently blocked at the European Parliament. Taking into account the current war in Europe and China's stance regarding Russia it does not seem to be changing. Perhaps something to watch in 2004
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Supplementary Notes
Portugal has tried to attract foreign investment in general and not specifically from the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
An organization called “葡萄牙中国和平统一促进会(Portuguese Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China)” exists. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Nonetheless, its activities are far from having an impact in society. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/zt/dibajie/10_hwtch/10_hwtchrc/201211/t20121107_3356451.html
- https://www.chinanews.com.cn/hr/2024/01-16/10147120.shtml
- http://www.puxinbao.top/static/content/PTYQX/2024-01-15/1196691785171615744.html
- http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2020-06/03/content_1989976.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the official programme of CGTP (one of the two bigger union platforms) regarding 2024-2028 it is stated that "it will give special attention in Asia to the Federation of Trade Unions of China (...)". This linkage is not new (see the example of 2011). To which extent this linkage between one of the Portuguese trade union platforms and its Chinese counterpart is relevant or has an impact remains to be seen. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.cgtp.pt/cgtp-in/areas-de-accao/internacional/eventos/2059-forum-sindical-na-china
- https://www.google.pt/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjW5ezwgf6DAxXyfKQEHRAKD2sQFnoECBMQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcgtp.pt%2Finformacao%2Fpropaganda%2F192-2023%2F202-xv-congresso%3Fdownload%3D7725%3Aprojecto-de-programa-de-accao-aprovado-no-cn-de-22-de-novembro-de-2023&usg=AOvVaw2VhLwI6zOnESsfesjTm_Mk&opi=89978449
Supplementary Notes
In the original language: "5.4.14. A CGTP-IN defende a existência de relações bilaterais com centrais de todos os continentes e a participação em múltiplos espaços multilaterais. A CGTP-IN propõe-se a a continuar a desenvolver acções diversificadas de cooperação com organizações sindicais de diversos continentes, nomeadamente a cooperação para o desenvolvimento, com destaque para os países de língua oficial Portuguesa. A CGTP-IN dá importância à recuperação da actividade da Comunidade Sindical dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CSPLP) e estará empenhada na sua intervenção. Dará especial atenção ao continente africano e às relações com a COSATU (Africa do Sul) e a OUSA; na América Latina às centrais sindicais do Brasil, Cuba, Venezuela, Uruguai, Chile, Colômbia, Nicarágua, Bolívia entre outras; na Ásia à central sindical da China e à do Vietname e ao movimento sindical japonês e às centrais sindicais da Índia; no Médio Oriente à Palestina, à Síria, ao Líbano, à Confederação Internacional dos Sindicatos Árabes"
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is an historical Macau community in Portugal, which has a plethora of associations. This community through its cultural associations such as Casa Macau organises some cultural events. The PRC Embassy also promotes these cultural events. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Notwithstanding, these events do not have a major impact in society. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.dn.pt/pais/interior/ano-novo-chines-celebra-se-em-lisboa-lagoa-e-vila-do-conde-sob-os-auspicios-do-porco-10529237.html/
- https://noticias.uc.pt/artigos/coimbra-recebe-com-classe-o-ano-novo-chines-do-rato/
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202402/t20240216_11245714.ht
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSkyW0ot50M
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202402/t20240207_11241843.ht
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202402/t20240207_11241844.htm
Supplementary Notes
Other associations include e. g. "Liga da Multissecular Amizade Portugal - China" or the Fundação Jorge Álvares. See, for instance, the following document in which several associations are included. Some of them are, to the best of our knowledge, unknown or almost unkown:Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“葡萄牙中华妇女联合总会(The Chinese Women's Federation of Portugal)” reportedly exists and aims to advance Chinese culture, engaging in charitable endeavors, and encouraging collaboration and exchanges between Chinese and Portuguese women. However, it is far from clear that they are closely engaged with their local counterparts, nor is it clear how active they are at all. Therefore, a definite answer to this Indicator cannot be provided.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are several cases of cooperation with China on entertainment products. Therefore this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Nonetheless, their impact seems to be so far rather circumscribed. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202308/t20230831_11135887.htm
- https://www.platformchinaplp.mo/trade_content.shtml?id=10622
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/2021-02/13/c_1127099291.htm
- https://tva.onscreenasia.com/2018/07/citvc-launches-china-hour-in-portugal-with-porto-canal/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Portugal, Tik Tok is very popular particularly amongst the younger generations. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://eco.sapo.pt/2023/10/24/tiktok-chega-aos-33-milhoes-de-utilizadores-por-mes-em-portugal-avanca-a-empresa/
- https://observador.pt/2023/06/14/tiktok-ganha-terreno-nos-jovens-com-perda-de-influencia-do-facebook-segundo-relatorio-digital-news-report/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are several cultural exchange projects and cultural events. Most of them are carried out by the Chinese embassy in Portugal and/or the Macau Scientific and Cultural Centre. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. However, their impact on the broader society is limited. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202312/t20231206_11195806.htm
- http://cn.brnn.com/n3/2022/0211/c414912-9956663.html
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/pot/sgdt/202403/t20240321_11263703.htm
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202305/t20230523_11082137.htm
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202304/t20230425_11064989.htm
- http://hk.crntt.com/crn-webapp/touch/detail.jsp?coluid=49&kindid=973&docid=106582379
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
- https://www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/TT2023_digital-3.pdf
- https://www.gmfus.org/news/transatlantic-trends-2022
Supplementary Notes
The latest «Transatlantic Survey» coordinated by the German Marshall Fund presents a negative perception in 2023 by the majority of those who were included in this survey (public at large and not elites). To the question "How do you feel about China’s influence in global affairs?" 60% of the Portuguese have responded negatively (61% in 2022). Moreover, when asked «Would you still want your country to be tougher on China even if this had a negative impact in your country's economy?» 51% said yes whilst 29% said no.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is an extradition treaty regarding Portugal and China, but not for e.g. capital offences, life sentences or crimes of a political nature. Only if there are assurances from China these punishments will not be applied. Even so, there is controversy because of concerns regarding rule of law in China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://files.dre.pt/1s/2009/04/08400/0248602495.pdf
- http://www.dgsi.pt/jtrc.nsf/c3fb530030ea1c61802568d9005cd5bb/ba7a4658cb1efb26802587d1003a6fde?OpenDocument=
- http://www.gd.jcy.gov.cn/jcyw/sfxz/flfgytyxd/201812/t20181212_2440091.shtml
Supplementary Notes
For the criticism see: Link (from the political party IL (Liberal Initiative]) + Link
- https://observador.pt/2022/10/04/depois-do-caso-das-esquadras-il-insiste-em-pedir-suspensao-do-acordo-de-extradicao-entre-portugal-e-hong-kong/
- https://www.tsf.pt/mundo/portugal-deveria-abandonar-pacto-de-extradicao-com-hong-kong-alerta-ativista-exilado-16637353.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
- https://observador.pt/2018/12/05/os-17-acordos-bilaterais-entre-portugal-e-a-china-com-destaque-para-cooperacao-economica/
- https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/visita-de-alto-nivel-diretor-do-fbi-esteve-na-pj-para-estreitar-relacoes-15890785.html/
Supplementary Notes
Wihin the 17 agreements signed in 2018, there was a general point on the need for greater cooperation regarding financing of terrorism and fighting terrorism. But, to the best of my knowledge, this general statement did not evolve into a specific cooperation agreement entailing law enforcement authorities. In fact, the cooperation is towards the EU and the USA.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There have been public cases in which there is acknowledgment of the active presence of the «Chinese Mafia» iin Portugal. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
The case of Macau, which has de jure a 50 years Portuguese Rule of Law, is of course different. Since the survey focuses on Portugal I have not included the special case of Macau with exception to answer #7 because it deals with Portuguese citizens.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Although the country being analysed is Portugal, it is important to note the special case of Macau, in which Portuguese Rule of Law was supposed to apply until 2049. Unfortunately, reality has proven otherwise. This is relevant for the many Portuguese citizens living in Macau. There have been instances in Macau of Portuguese lawyers, for instance, who have been targeted and are subject to intimidation. The case of lawyer Jorge Menezes is, unfortunately, a good example of this reality.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
Skip
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Cyber attacks focusing on intelligence or industrial/economic espionage have increased. Nonetheless, while the threat from China is acknowledged and recognized, firm evidence cannot be provided. Therefore, a definite answer to this Indicator cannot be provided.
- https://visao.pt/exameinformatica/noticias-ei/internet/2022-02-22-ciberespionagem-portugal-apt15/
- https://rr.sapo.pt/noticia/mundo/2021/07/19/ue-denuncia-ciberataques-de-grande-escala-realizados-a-partir-da-china/246683/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
Skip
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Following the investigation published by Safeguard Defenders in 2022 regarding this topic and which indicated 3 of these 'Overseas police stations' in Lisbon, Oporto and Madeira (1st link), the Minister of Foreign Affairs asked the PRC for guarantees that this was not the case. These guarantees came through in mid-2023 (link nº 3). Meanwhile, due to the seriuosness of the allegations, a decision was made to start a public judicial investigation into this matter, which is still ongoing (link nº 2). The ongoing investigations have not (yet) confirmed that these were 'police stations' rather than 'sevice centres' as claimed by the PRC authorities. Therefore, a definite answer to this Indicator could not be provided.
- http://www.zjsql.com.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=33&id=50575
- https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/110-overseas
- https://safeguarddefenders.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Patrol%20and%20Persuade%20v2.pdf
- https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/patrol-and-persuade-follow-110-overseas-investigation
- https://www.publico.pt/2022/10/27/sociedade/noticia/ministerio-publico-investigar-existencia-esquadras-chinesas-portugal-2025665
- https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/lisboa-recebeu-garantias-de-que-china-nao-apoia-esquadras-secretas-16447010.html
Supplementary Notes
This is an indicator to follow closely throughout 2024.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
- https://expresso.pt/internacional/2022-11-04-Cidadao-portugues-detido-em-Hong-Kong-acusado-do-crime-de-sedicao-por-criticar-governo-nas-redes-sociais.-MNE-acompanha-o-caso-68425760
- https://observador.pt/2020/10/01/portugal-tem-de-ser-muito-corajoso-na-defesa-de-luso-chines-detido-na-china/
Supplementary Notes
On the contrary, the concerns of Portugal are regarding citizens who have both Portuguese and Chinese citizenship, either detained in Hong Kong or fleeing to Taiwan as the cases of Kin Chung Wong (2022) and Tsz Lun Ko (2020) show.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Extraditions from Portugal to PRC do occur, even if they are not large in number. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/portugal-set-extradite-yet-more-people-china
- https://www.dgsi.pt/jstj.nsf/954f0ce6ad9dd8b980256b5f003fa814/67e7dd21ed735120802587f4004f5005?OpenDocument=
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Portugal has finished in 2023 the guidelines for the use of body cameras by its Police. The public procurement for suppliers will be reopened in 2024.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
There main licensed telecom service providers are MEO, NOS, NOWO and Vodafone.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
One of the key players regarding hardware 5G cellular networks was/is Huawei. But in 2023 the Portuguese Cyberspace Security High Council issued a deliberation excluding 5G suppliers that do not belong to the EU, NATO or OECD countries (article 5 b). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Taking into account the fact that Huawei was highly used and that the telecom operators are now working on how to meet this compulsory deliberation the fact remains that Huawei is still important. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" Rating.
- https://www.anacom.pt/render.jsp?contentId=1743708
- https://www.gns.gov.pt/docs/cas-deliberacao-1-2023.pdf
- https://eco.sapo.pt/2023/09/11/portugal-solicitou-as-operadoras-planos-de-implementacao-da-medida-que-exclui-huawei-do-5g/
Supplementary Notes
Since the deliberation is compulsory the 5G infrastructure is a case to watch in 2024. Huawei has appealed against the decision in court: Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
One of the key players regarding Wifi or fiber/broadband networks was/is Huawei. But in 2023 the Portuguese Cyberspace Security High Council issued a deliberation excluding 5G suppliers that do not belong to the EU, NATO or OCDE countries (article 5 b). The telecom operators are now working on how to meet this compulsory deliberation. Therefore, the Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Moreover, given the fact that thus Chinese companhy was/is very strong in the routers for Wi-Fi and the work to replace them is still ongoing, the fact remains that it is still significant. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.gns.gov.pt/docs/cas-deliberacao-1-2023.pdf
- https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2018/12/altice-portugal-huawei-5g-partnership
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-portugal-altice-5g/altice-huawei-tie-up-aims-to-make-portugal-a-european-leader-in-5g-idUSKBN1JV1G9/
- https://www.mobileworldlive.com/home-banner/huawei-begins-legal-scrap-over-5g-in-portugal/
- https://www.reuters.com/technology/huawei-files-lawsuit-portugal-over-ban-supplying-5g-equipment-2023-09-05/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Portugal has become a hub of fiber optic cables, particularly subsea. There is the submarine cable in the Azores (see China map in link 1) that was delivered by Huawei Marine, and then was sold to another Chinese company HMN tech (see link n. 2). Since then, the major submarine cables are not Chinese (see link n. 1). However, it does not seem to make sense to include the Azorean case as a «major» project, despite the fact that it is Portuguese territory and being an archipelago increases its vulnerability. Moreover, the new 5G legislation (excluiding Chinese companies) shows a tendency to protect critical infrastructures and there isn't any major project to be built in the future by Chinese companies. In point of fact, the most recent deal is by Google. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "No" response.
- https://ig.ft.com/subsea-cables/
- https://insider.dn.pt/noticias/huawei-venda-cabos-submarinos-portugal/19043/
- https://eco.sapo.pt/2023/01/24/anacom-diz-que-altice-portugal-garante-ligacoes-dos-cabos-submarinos-ate-2028/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are some cases of Portuguese technology start-ups such as the unicorn "Farfetch" that started with investment by Tencent (and in its Chinese operation with Alibaba).Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Nonetheless, the most recent news reveal that Farfetch is struggling and there are huge doubts about its future. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://observador.pt/2020/01/30/farfetch-unicornio-com-adn-portugues-angaria-250-milhoes-de-dolares-de-investimento/
- https://www.sabado.pt/ultima-hora/detalhe/farfetch-mantem-silencio-e-reserva-sobre-nova-data-para-anuncio-dos-resultados-trimestrais
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence of an MoU regarding cultural cooperation projects and tourism in 2019 signed between two cities, Porto, Portugal and Shanghai, China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. However, this is still only an MoU and has hadd little impact. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.porto.pt/en/news/porto-and-shanghai-the-dynamic-relationship-on-tourism-and-culture-synergies
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/zpgx/201906/t20190627_2966336.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Portugal, there are several sister-cities (in portuguese "cidades geminadas") such as the cases of Castelo Branco and Zhuhai, Coimbra and Guangzhou, Oporto and Macau and Shenzhen or Lisbon and Macau. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a Few" rating. In terms of impact it seems just at a local level. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.cm-castelobranco.pt/municipe/castelo-branco/relacoes-internacionais-cooperacao/
- https://www.cm-coimbra.pt/areas/viver/relacoes-institucionais-e-internacionais/cidades-geminadas-e-acordos-de-cooperacao
- https://www.lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais
- https://www.porto.pt/pt/noticia/rui-moreira-ja-estabeleceu-ligacao-entre-shenzhen-e-hospital-de-sao-joao-para-trazer-ventiladores-da-china
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The case of the signature of a MoU between the city of Oporto and the Chinese city of Shanghai (were already twin cities) is noteworhty since it is Portugal's second biggest city. Therefore, the Indicator deserves a Few" rating. On the other hand, the main actitivies seem to be regarding tourism and culture. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.porto.pt/en/news/porto-and-shanghai-the-dynamic-relationship-on-tourism-and-culture-synergies
- https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/justica/detalhe/ministerio-publico-investiga-viagens-de-politicos-pagas-pela-huawei
Supplementary Notes
There have been some cases of politicians or goverment employees having pad trips to China in the past. The most high-profile ones have been regarding Huawei and they pertain to 2015.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
There have been some cases in the past. For instance, a case pertaining to 2014 and 2015 regarding Huawei and Oeiras municipality, but the latter did not adopt the Smart City package of Huawei.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Portuguese Communist Party has good institutional relations with its Chinese counterpart. The last visit was made in mid-2023 by the secretary-general and a delegation. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Notwithstanding, the impact of the Portuguese Communist Party cannot be considered significant. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Portuguese Communist Party has good institutional relations with its Chinese counterpart and it shares some of the talking points. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Notwithstanding, its impact cannot be considered significant. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Parliamentary Joint Friendship Association exists for quite some time. One of the reasons is historical: the Portuguese presence in Macau. Notwithstanding, in the last years the very existence of this Group has been criticized by some political parties (see the first link). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.publico.pt/2019/12/16/politica/noticia/pan-grupo-amizade-parlamentar-china-cuba-tambem-voltou-lista-1897432
- https://app.parlamento.pt/webutils/docs/doc.pdf?path=%2BjJjsPr4YGHeWnWMQ6cpemQ7tWfJXNhyj%2FqMa4Cmtc0guuDJ1qrfj19SiW0So5tg7I9rFSxuo29Dk%2BgGWIpbe7AEOuzYySbYz0Zi7awmWywGunOC%2BpUxN6f4ufxYonRRylEXBa%2F%2Fd0MdSl8NuKpQLeiFnN0LUUnNqlO0nPNfKBwA6q3WpIDFyWMU3W1qWwNFRtZ7lC3Boyx33n2%2Fmi54U%2FXLIFMhY0Jqu4ZKPWsCbok5%2FZuj6JkuWOQvWS6Z4ITfF3H%2FS5i8J2Vx35UvfNFaDBJ8i0QUXOG%2BYU08WopzSEpmxtzmS2Dd9Dmp9GRNyqhzdf8Snkfvw9SEjV9VMte0zQ%3D%3D&fich=Grupo+Parlamentar+de+Amizade+Portugal-China.pdf&Inline=true
- https://english.news.cn/20230707/8ba5278b853642a4a29edaaf78768ea7/c.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
During the COVID-19 pandemic China sent donations pertaining to medical supplies. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Nonetheless, this was an exceptional and one-off situation.Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://english.news.cn/20230707/8ba5278b853642a4a29edaaf78768ea7/c.html
- https://www.shine.cn/news/metro/2003255065/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Training Center of Forum Macao is inviting officials from Portuguese-speaking countries to come to Macao for training and exchange. Public administration, healthcare, public health, government management, and other topics are included in the courses. Trainees are also scheduled to tour China, engage in trade with China, assess the state of local development, and visit businesses, among other things. In addition, five Portuguese Parliamentarians went to China to participate in a training course on international legal cooperation capacity building. Therefore, the indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. However, while all these actitvities are noteworthy they do not seem to have had a systemic impact. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.forumchinaplp.org.mo/pt/training
- http://pt.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202309/t20230927_11150928.htm
- http://pt.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jingmaoluntan/202402/20240203470672.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Strategic Partnership was established in 2005. It was reinforced in 2018, alongside Xi Jinping's official visit to Portugal, with the signature of 17 cooperation agreements and a joint declaration. In 2018, an MoU was signed regarding the Belt and Road Initiative. In 2019, it was upgraded to a Strategic Dialogue alongside the Visit of the President of the Portuguese Republic to China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.presidencia.pt/atualidade/toda-a-atualidade/2018/12/declaracao-conjunta-entre-a-republica-portuguesa-e-a-republica-popular-da-china-sobre-o-reforco-da-parceria-estrategica-global/
- https://www.gpp.pt/images/gam/bilateral/CHN_MdE_FaixaRotaSeda.pdf
- https://www.dn.pt/mundo/xi-jinping-deixa-portugal-com-promessa-de-levar-parceria-para-um-novo-patamar-10283801.html/%20%e2%80%9cmemorando%20de%20entendimento%20sobre%20di%c3%a1logo%20estrat%c3%a9gico%20entre%20Portugal%20e%20a%20Rep%c3%bablica%20Popular%20da%20China%e2%80%9d/
Supplementary Notes
For other relevant historical dimensions particularly regarding Macau in the bilateral relationship see Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Because of Macau's peculiar situation (Portuguese administrated until 1999, when it was returned to China, and then until 2049 which signifies the end de jure of the Portuguese Rule of Law/legal system (albeit de facto already heavily challenged)) and its Portuguese community and a history of plurisecular historical contacts, Portugal recognised the PRC's One China Policy. It is stated in the 2018 «Joint-Statement between the Portuguese Republic and the People’s Republic of China on the Reinforcement of the Global Strategic Partnership», article 4: “Portugal has reinforced the adherence to the principle of ‘One China’, as well as the support for the Chinese position on the question of Taiwan» . Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.portugal.gov.pt/download-ficheiros/ficheiro.aspx?v=%3D%3DBAAAAB%2BLCAAAAAAABAAzMze1AABc8RNfBAAAAA%3D%3D
- https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2023/02/the-many-one-chinas-multiple-approaches-to-taiwan-and-china?lang=en
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Oppose
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Portugal usually sides with the EU position on these matters (see EU statement). Notwithstanding, due to mostly the Portuguese community in Macau, the Portuguese government avoids being vocal about it individually. Therefore, the Index country has rejected the PRC’s territorial claim and the Indicator warrants a 0 score.
- https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/07/15/south-china-sea-arbitration/
- https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/etnc_report_us-china-europe_january_2020_complete.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Oppose
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Portugal usually sides with the EU position or with its European counterparts (see link regarding UN Third Committee voiced by the United Kingdom and regarding a collective position of 51 member-states) in these matters. Notwithstanding, due to mostly the Portuguese community in Macau, the Portuguese government avoids being vocal about it individually. Therefore, the Index country has denounced the PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population and the Indicator warrants a 0 score.
- https://debates.parlamento.pt/catalogo/r3/dar/s2b/14/01/007/2019-11-29?sft=true&pgs=17-18&org=PLC&plcdf=true#p3
- https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/joint-statement-on-human-rights-violations-in-xinjiang-at-the-un-third-committee
- https://app.parlamento.pt/webutils/docs/doc.doc?path=6148523063446f764c324679626d56304c334e706447567a4c31684a566b786c5a79394551564a4a5353394551564a4a5355467963585670646d38764d693743716955794d464e6c633350446f32386c4d6a424d5a5764706332786864476c325953395464574a7a77366c796157556c4d6a42424c3052425569314a535331424c5441774d6935775a47593d&Fich=DAR-II-A-002.pdf&Inline=true
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Oppose
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a European position (Foreign Ministers) opposing the PRC regarding the treatment of its Tibetan population. The Assembly of the Portuguese Republic has also condemned the violence of the PRC towards the Tibetan population. Notwithstanding, due to mostly the Portuguese community in Macau, the Portuguese government avoids being vocal about it individually. Therefore, the Index country has denounced the PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population and the Indicator warrants a 0 score.
- https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/presidencia-uniao-europeia/presidencia-portuguesa-critica-repressao-chinesa-sobre-religiao-no-tibete_n141314
- https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/internacional/31-03-2008/tibete-china-insatisfeita-com-posicao-europeia
- https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/pcp-vota-sozinho-contra-condenacao-da-violencia-no-tibete_n59376
- https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/un-geneva/hrc52-item-4-general-debate-human-rights-situations-require-councils-attention_en?s=62
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Oppose
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Portugal has sided with its European counterparts and, therefore, usually sides with the EU position. Notwithstanding, due to mostly the Portuguese community in Macau, the Portuguese government avoids being vocal about it individually. Therefore, the Index country has denounced the PRC’s ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law and the Indicator warrants a 0 score.
- https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/06/30/european-council-conclusions-on-china-30-june-2023/#:~:text=The%20European%20Union%20will%20continue,debt%20relief%2C%20and%20humanitarian%20assistance.
- https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/%20en/ip_23_4184
- https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/hong-kong-annual-eu-report-political-and-economic-developments-2022_en
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.