Egypt
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Egypt had a GDP per capita of US$3,876 and a total population of 104.25 million people, with the Chinese population comprising 10,000 people or 0.009% of the total population.
Egypt established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1956. Egypt was ranked 168th in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Not Free in Freedom House's 2021 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 18/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media27.5% / 30.1%
- Academia38.6% / 34%
- Economy45.5% / 33.6%
- Society20.0% / 23.6%
- Military54.5% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement36.4% / 30.2%
- Technology75.0% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics36.4% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy55.0% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to their website, Egyptian media organizations do not belong to the World Chinese Media Network. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Egypt's "Pyramid", Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Skip
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
“Egyptian news media delegations and non-governmental diplomatic delegations visited China, which further strengthened media cooperation and people-to-people exchanges between the two countries.” However, there is no indication about whether these visits were paid by the Chinese side. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“Dr. Ahmed Salam, the former media advisor to Egypt in China, speaks about the success of the Chinese President’s visit to Cairo, the activation of media agreements in more than one media institution in Egypt and China, and the increase in media training courses.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Xinhua Middle East Regional Bureau is providing the cheapest subscriptions. “New office building of Xinhua News Agency's Middle East Regional Bureau opened on Nov.26, in Cairo” – 2005 Link “Establishing representative offices for media institutions in the two countries(Egypt-China): including the Xinhua News Agency, the People’s Daily, China Radio International, and China Central Television, while there is a resident representation of the Middle East News Agency in China, and “China Today” magazine opened its Middle East regional office in Cairo in 2004.” Link
- https://web.archive.org/web/20081120215855/http://eg.china-embassy.org/eng/zaigx/t223569.htm
- https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/92487/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A?lang=ar
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Egypt today delivering the content of Xinhua News Agency Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Supplementary Notes
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The two sides also reviewed what has been achieved of the cooperation agreement between Ain Shams University and Huawei to establish the Huawei ICT Academy in Egypt... Egyptian Higher Education Minister Khaled Abdel-Ghaffar met with CEO of Huawei Egypt Sun Luocheng in Cairo on Tuesday night where they discussed the implementation of a memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed by both sides to boost ICT talents in Egyptian universities. The MoU aims to establish a long-term partnership between the Egyptian ministry and Huawei to develop university infrastructure and train young ICT talents. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There are two Confucius Institutes in Egypt, one at the Suez Canal University and the other at Cairo University, with branches in other provinces.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Egyptian schools to add Chinese language “China is growing its ties to Egypt with a deal with the government for Egyptian schools to offer the Chinese language… In an interview with Al-Monitor, Deputy Minister of Education Mohamed Mujahid said that under the agreement, Chinese specialists and volunteers with the Confucius Institute, a center for exchange and cooperation affiliated with the Chinese Ministry of Education, will be sent to train Egyptian teachers who speak the language on teaching it to middle, high school and technical school students.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
E.g. As written on their official website, Tahir Center for Studies and Research (Link) concludes cooperation protocols with relevant Chinese, international institutions, bodies, research centers and universities. Link They are organizing different projects related to China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
"In March last year, China's Tianjin Light Industry Vocational Technical College, Tianjin Transportation Vocational College, and Egypt's Ain Shams University signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for the Egypt Luban Workshop in Cairo. Luban workshop is the first project of international cooperation on vocational training supported by China's Tianjin Municipality, which aims at improving academic education of top technical talents and serving the local economy and society via vocational training." Link “the China-Africa Partnership for Science and Technology Program to enhance bilateral cooperation, including the two sides’ participation in building scientific laboratories, model bases for appropriate and advanced technology, technology transfer frameworks, and activating academic and technical exchange and other forms of creative and diverse cooperation, In addition to working to strengthen communication between scientists from the two countries, especially young scientists.” Link
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2020-09/08/c_139350124.htm
- http://arabic.people.com.cn/n3/2016/0122/c31660-9008088.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“China has provided financial support for two teachers (Egyptian teachers) to attend a seminar on Chinese language teaching in China.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“The EU is Egypt's biggest trading partner, covering 24.5% of Egypt's trade volume in 2020. 25.8% of Egypt’s imports came from the EU and 21.8% of Egypt’s exports went to the EU.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Less than 10% (of Egypt’s GDP) of the sovereign debt Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“A new contract has recently been initiated and signed between the Egyptian government and China Gezhouba Group company. As part of this collaboration, the Chinese company will build several wind power plants in Egypt, with a total capacity of 500 MW. The deal was made public on January 3, 2020 by the holding company, China energy engeneering coorporation. It will run for a period of three years for an amount of 261.3 million euros. The contract covers the design, construction, equipment procurement, installation, commissioning and maintenance of all the solar power plants that will be built as part of the deal.” Link "In March of 2019, Chinese PV manufacturer and system integrator TBEA Sunoasis completed construction of three solar power stations at the Benban Solar Energy Park in the southern governorate of Aswan.[21] The same year, Yingli Solar forged an alliance with Misr Asset Management (MAM) aimed at establishing a solar plant to sell electricity to the Building Materials Industries Company (BMIC).[22] In January of 2020, China Gezhouba Group (CGGC), a subsidiary of the state-owned energy conglomerate China Energy Engineering Corporation (CEEC), secured a contract to build distributed solar power generation facilities across the country with a combined capacity of 500MW.[23] Looking to extend cooperation in this field, the two countries have established a a joint renewable energy research facility." Link “Early last month, the Egyptian government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Hutchison Ports – a subsidiary of CK Hutchison, the Hong Kong‑listed port operator / developer – with regard to the construction of a container terminal at the port of Abu Qir on the country's Mediterranean coast.” Link
- https://www.afrik21.africa/en/egypt-china-gezhouba-group-to-build-500-mw-of-solar-power-plants/
- https://www.mei.edu/publications/towering-ambitions-egypt-and-china-building-future
- https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MzIwNjQxMDU4
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Egypt joined in August 2016 Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Federation of Egyptian Chambers of Commerce (FEDCOC) is a member of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“By March 1995, the two countries signed an economic and trade agreement to replace the 1985 trade agreement which smoothed and improved the development of bilateral trade between the two countries.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“While Egyptians sank into ever-greater poverty over the past five years, Sisi has poured resources into vanity megaprojects such as building a new administrative capital in the desert 30 miles east of Cairo at an estimated cost of $58 billion. Not only did Egypt not need a new capital, but the site makes it inaccessible to most citizens as well as extremely problematic from a water consumption point of view. The city is being built by a military company with significant Chinese investment. As of spring 2019, the Egyptian general in charge of the project said that some $9 billion had already been spent on the city’s infrastructure.” Link Link "The Chinese business presence in Egypt is concentrated in industrial zones, free trade zones, and financial centers. Since the late 2000s, Chinese firms have shown interest in Egypt serving as a regional manufacturing hub." Link “The two deals will bring more to the SCZone, where the Chinese industrial zone TEDA in Ain Sokhna has already yielded fruitful results and is "a model to learn from," said Gaballah...He stressed that the success of the projects will encourage other economies to invest in the SCZone, which will push the development of the area swiftly, noting that the progress of the Chinese industrial zone in Ain Sokhna has encouraged more cooperation between Egypt and China.” Link Link "China's economic incursion into the Suez Canal industrial zone may seem to be a commonplace foreign investment, but the issue has a worrisome strategic dimension, Egyptian waterways specialist Rifaat al-Arab told Al-Mashareq." Link Link
- https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/09/09/egypt-trends-in-politics-economics-and-human-rights-pub-82677 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/15/the-competition-for-egypt-china-the-west-and-mega-projects
- https://www.mei.edu/publications/towering-ambitions-egypt-and-china-building-future
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-08/04/c_1310105703.htm
- http://www.news.cn/english/2021-09/29/c_1310217649.htm
- https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2021/12/10/feature-01
- https://beltandroad.hktdc.com/en/sme-corner/industrial-park
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
2021 “On October 14th, the Egyptian China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association and the overseas Chinese community in Egypt held a symposium in Cairo to commemorate the 110th anniversary of the 1911 Revolution and learn the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech. Chang Ding Yong presided over the symposium.” Link 2020 “Egypt-China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association Strongly Condemns U.S. Appointment of So-called "Special Coordinator for Tibet Affairs" Link 2020 "Egypt-China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association warns Tsai Ing-wen: Going against the trend of history will surely be cast aside by Chinese all over the world" Link 2019 "Egypt China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association & Egyptian Chinese Friendship Council held a symposium to study the spirit of the National Two Sessions Conference." Link
- http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202110/t20211018_12385088.html
- http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202010/t20201022_12302476.html
- http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202005/t20200520_12276081.html
- http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/201903/t20190325_12151108.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
Skip
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
No Direct Evidence Found, but 2018 - The foreign trade union organizations, including Egyptian Trade Union and Lebanese Federation of Trade Unions, have sent congratulatory letters on the convening of the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Trade Union. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Afro-Asian Media Union in Cairo, Egypt is the member of All-China Journalists Association Link Link “2015, September 18, the Egyptian-Chinese Friendship Association (Link) and the Egyptian Friendship Organisation organized Cairo’s China Day in cooperation with the Chinese Cultural Center in Cairo and the Cairo Governorate, which was hosted in Cairo’s famous Azhar Park.” Link "The Chinese Culture Center in Cairo is the first large-scale culture center set up at overseas by the Chinese Government in the 21 century. On October 29, 2002." Link
- http://www.chinaja.org.cn/2015-04/07/c_137851976_8.htm
- http://www.chinaja.org.cn/2019-04/05/c_138149361.htm
- https://www.arabwestreport.info/en/year-2015/1-cairo%E2%80%99s-china-day-%E2%80%93-gaining-insight-egypt%E2%80%99s-chinese-community
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceegy/eng/zaigx/whjl/t76287.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the state council information office of the PRC, "The launch of the Arabic version of "Parents Love" in Egypt coincides with the state visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping to Egypt. With the warming of China-Egypt friendly relations, the Egyptian people are eager to learn about China. Egypt's national TV station seized the opportunity and launched the Chinese TV series "Parents Love" at the right time, which attracted unprecedented attention from the Egyptian people as soon as it was broadcast. At the same time, the China Radio International Film and Television Dubbing Center carried out extensive publicity: the premiere ceremony was held in Cairo, and news was released through local mainstream media...In 2015, at the China-Arab States Radio and Television Cooperation Forum, China Radio International and the Egyptian National Radio and Television Union signed an agreement to jointly launch a fixed program "China Theater" on the Egyptian National Television." Link Link
- http://www.scio.gov.cn/32621/32629/32754/Document/1476204/1476204.htm
- http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2020/1026/c1002-31905156.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Egypt Nile TV Confucius Classroom Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The more hyperbolic statements of China’s growing market share all have an important but largely unreported caveat: They pertain only to Sub-Saharan Africa, rather than the whole continent. With a few exceptions, the major arms markets on the continent are in North Africa: Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco accounted for 57 percent of transfers in the past two decades." Link "We cooperate with the Egyptian army in providing light and heavy weapons as well as ammunition and modernizing old military equipment for the Egyptian armed forces," Wang told Xinhua at the exhibition." Link "China 'bids to sell two submarines to Egypt' as it tries to expand its markets for weaponry" Link
- https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-economic-issues-watch/arms-and-influence-chinese-arms-transfers-africa-context
- http://english.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-12/06/content_9369081.htm
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1858647/china-bids-sell-two-submarines-egypt-it-tries-expand
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
But it used to export in 2018 small number of arms and ammunition, parts and accessories worth of $318 in total. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“While Egyptians sank into ever-greater poverty over the past five years, Sisi has poured resources into vanity megaprojects such as building a new administrative capital in the desert 30 miles east of Cairo at an estimated cost of $58 billion. Not only did Egypt not need a new capital, but the site makes it inaccessible to most citizens as well as extremely problematic from a water consumption point of view. The city is being built by a military company with significant Chinese investment. As of spring 2019, the Egyptian general in charge of the project said that some $9 billion had already been spent on the city’s infrastructure.” Link Link "In addition to expanding the Saudi fleet, the new facility can operate as a hub for manufacturing and servicing for other CH-4 operators in the Middle East, including Egypt, Iraq and Jordan." Link Link
- https://www.defensenews.com/air/2017/03/28/china-to-open-a-drone-factory-in-saudi-arabia/
- https://thediplomat.com/2021/06/the-middle-east-an-emerging-market-for-chinese-arms-exports/
- https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/09/09/egypt-trends-in-politics-economics-and-human-rights-pub-82677 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/15/the-competition-for-egypt-china-the-west-and-mega-projects
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“The Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has delivered a batch of COVID-19 vaccines to the Egyptian side on September 1, 2021.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“China has trained more than 1,800 peacekeepers from other countries, provided demining equipment to Cambodia, Laos, Egypt and the ASEAN and trained more than 200 demining personnel” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“On October 21, 2019, Lieutenant-General Mohamed Zaki, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and Minister of Defense and Military Production, visited China at the head of a high-level military delegation to participate in the Xiangshan International Forum, in the presence of a number of defense ministers from different countries. Zaki delivered a speech in which he stressed the need to deepen joint international cooperation to combat terrorism… The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces also met with a number of representatives of Chinese defense industry companies. He also visited the naval base in Shanghai and inspected a number of units of the Chinese Navy, praising the Chinese navy's high combat capabilities. General Mohamed Zaki also met later with the Chinese Minister of Public Security, where the meeting dealt with discussing security cooperation files in areas of common interest. In August 2014, a high-level delegation headed by the Assistant Minister of Defense for Armament Affairs Major General Fouad Abdel Halim visited Beijing with the aim of reviewing the latest Chinese weapons and in order to agree on obtaining types of them in several fields, especially in air defense systems and missile systems, in addition to promoting cooperation in the fields of joint manufacturing and training. His Excellency met with Chinese Defense Minister Chang Wanquan. The meeting focused on strengthening defense cooperation between the two countries. Hailing the strong momentum of bilateral military relations, the Chinese defense minister said that China is willing to make joint efforts with Egypt to strengthen pragmatic cooperation between their armed forces and promote military relations to a new level. - In March 2010, the Egyptian Minister of Defense, Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Armed Forces, Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, met in Cairo with the visiting Deputy Chief of General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Mah Xiaotian, where they pledged to strengthen bilateral military relations. During the meeting, Tantawi said that the two countries had witnessed close cooperation in the military, political and economic fields in recent years, which served the interests of the two countries as well as peace and stability in the region and the world. He also stressed, "The Egyptian army attaches great importance to friendly relations with its Chinese counterpart and expects more efforts to be made to improve the actual cooperation to a greater degree." Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
2021 "Ground, air and naval teams of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) that are scheduled to participate in the annual International Army Games starting on August 22. Venues in Korla, Northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region that will host several contests are eagerly preparing for the event, with Chinese observers saying on Monday that the Chinese teams will exchange valuable experience with their foreign counterparts, and that they will achieve good results with the deployment of advanced new equipment. Military participants from six foreign countries including Russia, Belarus and Egypt have arrived in Korla. The PLA Army will host and participate in three contests, involving infantry fighting vehicles, man-portable anti-aircraft missiles, and nuclear, biological and chemical reconnaissance, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Sunday." Link 2019 - “Egypt, China Hold Naval Drills in Mediterranean Sea” Link
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202108/1231623.shtml
- https://see.news/egypt-china-hold-naval-drills/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
The Consumer Protection Agency's cooperation with the PRC on enhancing cooperation in preventing commercial fraud and enhancing consumer rights protection. Link “In March 2019, the Director of Egypt's Information and Communication Bureau outlined possible future training cooperation between Egyptian law enforcement and Meiya Pico.” Link Link
- https://www.cpa.gov.eg/ar-eg/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2/ArtMID/655/ArticleID/4878/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%80%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%80%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%80%D8%A9
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/
- https://www.meiyapico.com/the-assistant-minister-of-interior-and-the-director-of-information-and-communication-bureau-of-egypt-mr-ahmed-mostafa-visited-meiya-pico_n11
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“Egypt and China have established a bilateral comprehensive strategic partnership, signing agreements in a range of fields including defence, technology, economy, counter-terrorism and fighting cyber crimes.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Hikvision supplies CCTV systems for the Suez Governorate in Egypt through Caesar Security Services, which is a Hikvision Silver Value Added Solutions Partner. In the first phase of the project, Hikvision surveillance products were installed on 15 buses. As of June 2018, the second phase planned to install the same Hikvision mobile CCTV system on 50 more buses and a Hikvision LCD video wall at the Suez Governorate central control room. The surveillance system allows for local recording and remote viewing." Link
Supplementary Notes
"Egypt, China partners on $45m grant for EgyptSat-2" Link “On 13/ 8/2018 Egypt and China signed an agreement to implement the project to establish a satellite (EgyptSat2) for remote sensing applications, at a value of 45 million dollars. The agreement was signed by the Egyptian side. Sahar Nasr, Minister of Investment and International Cooperation, and on the Chinese side, Song Aiguo, Chinese Ambassador to Cairo, in the presence of Dr. Khaled Abdel Ghaffar, Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, and representatives of the National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences to complete the $23 million grant for a satellite assembly project in cooperation with the Chinese Space Agency” Link
- https://africanews.space/egypt-china-partners-on-45m-grant-for-egyptsat-2/
- https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/93137/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A?lang=ar
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Since July 3, 2017, authorities have arrested at least 62 Uyghurs who were living in Egypt without informing them of the grounds for their detention, and have denied them access to lawyers and their families. China has in recent months demanded the return of Uyghur students living abroad as it cracks down on the Muslim minority, accusing the community of “separatism” and “religious extremism.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.france24.com/en/20190818-nightmare-as-egypt-aided-china-to-detain-uighurs
- https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/world/asia/egypt-muslims-uighurs-deportations-xinjiang-china.html
- https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-repression-uyghurs-xinjiang
- https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/08/egypt-dont-deport-uyghurs-china
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Beyond the 5G AFCON announcement, China has financed Egypt’s telecoms sector and, according to a researcher with Egypt’s Foreign Trade and Industry Ministry, the 82 Chinese telecoms firms operating in Egypt as of 2019 represent $14 million USD in FDI." Link “Telecom Egypt signs new deal with Huawei, ZTE and China Telecom” Link
- https://archive.is/DsXJZ#selection-933.6-933.69
- https://www.power3point0.org/2020/02/20/egypt-and-chinas-telecoms-a-concerning-courtship/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Telecom Egypt has signed a long-term financing agreement with a number of Chinese financial institutions, including Bank of China and China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation. The deal will see the incumbent fixed-line provider receive $200 million in financing to support the deployment of its 4G network. Chinese vendor Huawei helped to bring about the deal by offering Telecom Egypt competitive financing conditions for deploying its core, transmission, and 4G networks." Link “Telecom Egypt signs new deal with Huawei, ZTE and China Telecom” Link
- https://developingtelecoms.com/business/operator-news/7841-telecom-egypt-secures-200m-of-chinese-financing.html
- https://archive.is/DsXJZ#selection-933.6-933.69
Supplementary Notes
“In 2005, ZTE signed a partnership with France Telecom (Orange) and became its global supplier of asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) equipment. ZTE played a key role in a 100,000-line CDMA telecom project in Egypt for the CDMA upgrade for Cairo and the Nile Delta.” Link Link
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-3907
- https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Manualreport/cia_09.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the website link Link, certain type of content is blocked by Huawei’s technology in Egypt, which means that Egypt has adopted internet/wifi/telecommunication services by HUAWEI.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“According to local media, in February 2019, Egypt’s Minister of Telecommunications signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Huawei to establish cloud computing and AI centres in the country” Link In August 2002, ZTE completed the Egyptian Remote Education System using its ZTE EduStation. The project was implemented over five years and received two extensions. In 2004, the program had reportedly provided technology to more than 4,000 Egyptian teachers. Link
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-4104
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-892
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“To secure effective security and management for its fleet of public service buses, the Suez Governorate in Egypt is now operating innovative mobile CCTV systems, supplied by Hikvision, the world’s leading supplier of innovative video surveillance products and solutions.” Link The Chinese firm Hikvision is already providing CCTV cameras for buses in Egypt’s Suez governorate Link 2019 - "Egyptian Minister of Higher Education Khaled Abdel-Ghaffar on Friday met with Huawei Egypt CEO Vincent Sun... The meeting also discussed cooperation within communication and information technology fields and benefiting from Chinese expertise in Artificial Intelligence (AI)." Link “Hikvision supplies CCTV systems for the Suez Governorate in Egypt through Caesar Security Services, which is a Hikvision Silver Value Added Solutions Partner. In the first phase of the project, Hikvision surveillance products were installed on 15 buses. As of June 2018, the second phase planned to install the same Hikvision mobile CCTV system on 50 more buses and a Hikvision LCD video wall at the Suez Governorate central control room. The surveillance system allows for local recording and remote viewing.” Link
- https://www.hikvision.com/en/newsroom/success-stories/traffic/hikvision-enhances-suez-governorate-s-bus-fleet-operation/
- https://www.power3point0.org/2020/02/20/egypt-and-chinas-telecoms-a-concerning-courtship/
- https://egyptindependent.com/egypt-in-talks-with-huawei-for-smart-university-transition/
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2401
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"A January 2019 media report said Huawei signed an MoU with Talaat Mostafa Group (TMG) Holding, in which Huawei agreed to provide smart solutions in the security and privacy field. It said the agreement would 'aim to bring about the digital transformation of living in Egypt and the Middle East to Egypt and the Middle East.' The report added that 'the deal includes the application of techniques like artificial intelligence, learning machines, and the internet of things (IoT) to develop smart cities in line with the latest international standards." Link
Supplementary Notes
2019 - “Egyptian Minister of Higher Education Khaled Abdel-Ghaffar on Friday met with Huawei Egypt CEO Vincent Sun, and his accompanying delegation in Cairo to discuss Egypt’s transition towards smart universities.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"China’s MSA Capital Explores Egypt Further, Backs 20-minute Delivery Startup, Rabbit, In $11m Pre-seed" Link Link
- https://afrikanheroes.com/2021/11/10/chinas-msa-capital-explores-egypt-further-backs-20-minute-delivery-startup-rabbit-in-11m-pre-seed/
- https://thecapitalquest.com/2021/05/18/egyptian-ecommerce-logistics-startup-bosta-bags-series-a-funding/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“Huawei has maintained an “OpenLab” for tech collaboration in Cairo since December 2017, and in June 2019 Egpyt’s Minister of Higher Education met with Huawei representatives to discuss the development of “smart” technology in the Egyptian university system. According to a February 2019 agreement, Huawei is projected to debut North Africa’s first cloud computing network in Egypt during the first quarter of 2020” Link "Egypt, Huawei sign MoU for cloud computing, AI networks" Link According to local media, in February 2019, Egypt’s Minister of Telecommunications signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Huawei to establish cloud computing and AI centres in the country Link
- https://www.power3point0.org/2020/02/20/egypt-and-chinas-telecoms-a-concerning-courtship/
- https://egyptindependent.com/egypt-huawei-sign-mou-for-cloud-computing-ai-networks/
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-4104
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link TikTok seems to be in the top 5 social media apps in Egypt.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
2019- “In order to show the performance and feature advantages of BDS, China and Arab co-organized the testing and experience activity of BDS and jointly issued the test evaluation result of BDS in Arab during the forum. This activity mainly bases on China-Arab BDS/GNSS Center and carries out static and dynamic states test and comment in Tunisia, Egypt, Sudan, Kuwait, Algeria, and other Arab states. The joint processing analysis result indicates that it could be used for Arab states to provide excellent navigation services under these circumstances including more than 8 average-visible satellites over Arab states, 10 meters or better positional accuracy, and more than 95% availability.” Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"In 2014 Egypt and China signed a “comprehensive strategic partnership” agreement." Link
Supplementary Notes
August 5, 2019 - "Egypt signed a memorandum of understanding with the Chinese company Hutchison Ports to establish a Mediterranean container terminal in Abu Qir. President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi himself attended the signing ceremony, where he praised the company’s global reputation in the field and emphasized the importance of executing the project in accordance with the highest international standards… Since President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi took office as president in 2014, he has visited China six times and met with President Xi Jinping seven times. His first trip took place in December 2014, when he signed twenty-five bilateral agreements, mainly on energy and transport issues. He also pledged to cooperate on what has come to be known as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China’s sweeping strategy to build a new Silk Road by investing in roads, rail, energy production, transit, and other infrastructure projects across some sixty countries." Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Alexandria - Shanghai, Cairo - Beijing, Faiyum - Haikou, Ismailia - Suzhou, Luxor - Shenzhen and Yangzhou Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
They travel to China within the frames of FOCAC which is supported by the Secretariat of the Chinese Follow-up Committee of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. The Office of the Secretariat of the Chinese FOCAC Follow-up Committee is set up in the Department of African Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC. Link “Exchanges and cooperation in health, culture, education and journalism between the two countries continued to grow. The Ministry of Health, Ministry of Higher Education and Ministry of State for Antiquities of Egypt sent representatives to participate in activities such as the China-Africa Ministerial Conference on Health Cooperation and Development, the Second China-Arab States University Presidents' Forum and the China-Arab States National Museum Curators' Forum. China and Egypt signed a number of cooperation agreements on the development of agricultural information network, high-quality hybrid rice and the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis. China Taoist Orchestra was invited to the sixth International Festival for Choir and Spiritual Music in Egypt. Egyptian news media delegations and non-governmental diplomatic delegations visited China, which further strengthened media cooperation and people-to-people exchanges between the two countries.” Link THE FIFTH MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE OF THE FORUM ON CHINA-AFRICA COOPERATION BEIJING ACTION PLAN (2013-2015) "To enhance cooperation with Africa on peace and security issues, the Chinese side will launch the "Initiative on China-Africa Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Security" and will provide, within the realm of its capabilities, financial and technical support to the African Union for its peace-support operations, the development of the African Peace and Security Architecture, personnel exchanges and training in the field of peace and security and Africa's conflict prevention, management and resolution and post-conflict reconstruction and development." Link Report by State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi At the Eighth Ministerial Conference of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Link
- http://www.focac.org/eng/ltjj_3/zfhxxdwyh/
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/xybfs_663590/gjlb_663594/2813_663616/
- http://www.focac.org/eng/zywx_1/zywj/201207/t20120723_8079762.htm
- http://losangeles.china-consulate.org/eng/topnews/202112/t20211203_10461918.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Since President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi took office as president in 2014, he has visited China six times and met with President Xi Jinping seven times. His first trip took place in December 2014, when he signed twenty-five bilateral agreements, mainly on energy and transport issues. He also pledged to cooperate on what has come to be known as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China’s sweeping strategy to build a new Silk Road by investing in roads, rail, energy production, transit, and other infrastructure projects across some sixty countries." Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Since President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi took office as president in 2014, he has visited China six times and met with President Xi Jinping seven times. His first trip took place in December 2014, when he signed twenty-five bilateral agreements, mainly on energy and transport issues. He also pledged to cooperate on what has come to be known as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China’s sweeping strategy to build a new Silk Road by investing in roads, rail, energy production, transit, and other infrastructure projects across some sixty countries." Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
Dr. Ashraf El-Shihy - President of the Egyptian-Chinese University and former Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“The Egyptian Minister of Electricity and Renewable Energy, Dr. Mohamed Shaker, discussed with Michael Lee, the regional head of the corporate sector for the Chinese company Huawei, ways to gradually shift to the smart grid system... Michael Lee praised the rapid and remarkable development in the projects implemented by the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy and the building of a strong infrastructure and smart network that supports the digital transformation adopted by the Egyptian government.” Link “Chinese PSCs (Private Security Companies), however, are already extending feelers in the continent to establish profitable business partnerships, especially in Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, South Africa, and Tanzania.” Link As the link provided is from 2020, the process might still be ongoing.
- https://bawabaa.org/news/sustain/514158/
- https://africa.isp.msu.edu/files/6816/3616/1649/PB_42_Arduino_Chinese_Private_Security_Companies.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
2021 "During his visit to Egypt, Wang also held talks with Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry, signed an agreement on the establishment of an intergovernmental cooperation committee between China and Egypt." Link “The National People’s Congress of China has established mechanisms for regular exchanges with parliaments in Egypt, South Africa and Kenya, and bilateral friendship groups with parliaments in 35 African countries.” Link
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202107/1229002.shtml
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/202111/t20211126_10453904.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“On January 21, 2016 local time, President Xi Jinping met in Cairo with Parliament Speaker Ali Abdelaal of Egypt.” Link "The result of the FJP’s first exchange with China yielded tangible benefits for all parties. China’s hosting of Morsi during this critical juncture in Egyptian politics, however, reveals a more subtle geopolitical element that is worthy of note." Link “On December 21st, 2020, the communication mechanisms for the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) between Chinese and Egyptian political parties were established by the Communist Party of China (CPC) and 12 major political parties and organizations of Egypt. The first conference was held via videolink. Zhu Rui, Assistant Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, and leaders of Egyptian political parties, including the Nation’s Future Party, Republican People’s Party, New Wafd Party, Egyptian Communist Party and others, attended the conference and delivered speeches.” Link “Beijing, May 31st—Zhu Rui, Assistant-minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, attended and addressed here today the virtual seminar on promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind between Chinese and Egyptian political parties and the second forum on state governance and development. The event was organized by the Chinese Embassy in Egypt. Liao Liqiang, Chinese Ambassador to Egypt, made a keynote speech at the event. Essam Abdel-Aziz Sharaf, former Prime Minister of Egypt, Al-Sayed al-Sherif, former First Deputy Speaker of Egypt's Parliament, leaders of 10 political parties, the head of the Coordination's Committee of Party's Youth Leaders and Politicians, and representatives of think tanks from China and Egypt attended the meeting and delivered speeches.” Link “Zhu Rui Meets with Cadre Study Group of Free Egyptians Party of Egypt” Link
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cggb//eng/xwdt/t1334594.htm
- https://www.mei.edu/publications/egypt-turns-quietly-asia
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202012/t20201223_141127.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202106/t20210603_146086.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201912/t20191201_102052.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Current political regime leaders in Egypt do not have problems or are not pressured by China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Current political regime leaders in Egypt do not have problems or are not pressured by China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
Skip
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
“India's Ambassador in Beijing optimistically briefed Zhou Enlai that they believed the UK and Egypt would support the PRC’s assumption of China’s Security Council seat, giving it majority support.” Link However, this was just an assumption and not made by the representatives of Egypt. Expert skipped this question.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There was the case of Uyghur Muslim-Chinese students arrested and deported from Egypt to China. “Uyghur students in Egypt face arrest, deportation to China” Link "For its part, Cairo has helped identify and detain Uighur Chinese citizens in Egypt for interrogation and repatriation to China, where they may face enrollment into brutal “re-education” facilities likened to concentration camps. Egypt has allowed Chinese officials to interrogate Uighurs in Egyptian prisons, a rare exception to usual Egyptian practice." Link
- https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2019/09/egypt-china-uighur-students-detained-trade-relations-ethnic.html
- https://www.power3point0.org/2020/02/20/egypt-and-chinas-telecoms-a-concerning-courtship/
- https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/arab-states-give-china-pass-uyghur-crackdown
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"During his visit to Egypt, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with the Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and held talks with Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry... The Egyptian side said it firmly opposes foreign interference in China's internal affairs under the pretext of issues relating to Hong Kong, Xinjiang, Taiwan and Tibet." Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"During his visit to Egypt, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with the Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and held talks with Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry... The Egyptian side said it firmly opposes foreign interference in China's internal affairs under the pretext of issues relating to Hong Kong, Xinjiang, Taiwan and Tibet." Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili