Lebanon
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 56 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 129 / 388 | - |
May 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 59 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 32 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 68 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 0 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 27 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 46 % | - |
In 2023, Lebanon had a GDP per capita of US$3,824 and a total population of 5.76 million people.
Lebanon established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1971. Lebanon was ranked 140th in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Partly Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 42/100.
Key Takeaways
- Lebanon demonstrates a notable level of military engagement with China, evidenced by imports of military equipment, participation in peacekeeping efforts, and joint military exercises. This cooperation extends to humanitarian aid, highlighting a multifaceted relationship beyond conventional defense ties.
- Amidst Lebanon's economic challenges, its deepening relationship with China is evident through significant Chinese investments in infrastructure projects, bilateral agreements, active participation in the BRI through business alliances, and regulatory adjustments aimed at attracting more investments, all of which underscore Lebanon's strategic alignment with China's economic vision, despite debt dynamics.
- Lebanese academic institutions have established significant partnerships with PRC-connected entities like Huawei, Tencent, and Alibaba, evident through various collaborations and agreements with universities for training programs and curriculum development. The establishment of Confucius Institutes promoting Chinese language and culture, and active participation in PRC talent recruitment programs, highlights important aspects of the academic cooperation between two countries.
- The result suggests a notable presence and involvement of PRC-connected entities, particularly in the telecommunications sector of Lebanon. This includes providing telecom services, supplying hardware for cellular networks (4G/5G), and collaborating on the implementation of smart city systems. The partnerships and agreements between Lebanese companies and PRC entities underscore a growing technological influence from the PRC in Lebanon's infrastructure and digital landscape.
- Lebanon's foreign policy toward the PRC is characterized by diverse interactions, including joint parliamentary committees, substantial aid receipts, Strategic Partnership documents, diplomatic training programs, explicit support for the "one China principle," and diplomatic alignment on key PRC policies and territorial issues.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link The official website is checked.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
"The media plays a fundamental role in developing and strengthening relations between the two countries, especially at the commercial level, through Intensifying training courses for Lebanese journalists and editors to benefit from Chinese capabilities and expertise in this field." Link As part of the exchange of experiences between Lebanese and Chinese media professionals, a Lebanese media delegation from the public and private sectors paid a visit to China that lasted several days, during which the Lebanese delegation visited some Chinese media institutions. Link
- https://www.chinainarabic.org/?p=39190
- http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/ctarabic/2018/wmdslzdf/202203/t20220315_800279661.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Link The Research and Training Institute of the National Radio and Television Administration of China has funded a 10-day training course on Covering Media Exchange Civilizations for media reporters from Laos, Uzbekistan, Lebanon, Uruguay and Ethiopia. (2019) Link A deal was reached in 2016 between Lebanon TV and China's state television, whereby Lebanon was provided with certain equipment. National News Agency was given a large number of computers and training workshops by the Chinese government in order to facilitate mutual collaboration. More seminars and training sessions for journalists and more equipment donations are expected from the Chinese government in Lebanon. Media in Lebanon will focus on Chinese matters, invite Chinese specialists and introduce the Lebanese people and Arabs to Chinese news. As China's influence in Lebanon grows, it's feasible that Lebanese media outlets may start publishing content in Chinese. Videos, interviews, and information on Lebanon can be used by the Chinese media to educate the Chinese population about the country. Link In 2016, a cooperation agreement was signed between China and Lebanon’s official television, according to which China provided some equipment. Before that, China provided the National News Agency with computers, in addition to conducting training courses to develop the capabilities of Lebanese journalists and editors, and to enhance cooperation between them and Chinese journalists and media professionals. Link "The media plays a fundamental role in developing and strengthening relations between the two countries, especially at the commercial level, through Intensifying training courses for Lebanese journalists and editors in order to benefit from Chinese capabilities and expertise in this field."
- https://kpl.gov.la/EN/detail.aspx?id=46013
- https://english.almayadeen.net/articles/blog/lebanese-media:-an-arab-pioneer-on-media-silk-road
- https://www.chinainarabic.org/?p=39190
- https://www.chinainarabic.org/?p=39190
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link “Chinese channels were introduced on the Arab satellites Nilesat and Arabsat, such as CGTN Arabic and China Arab TV so that these stations broadcast Chinese programs translated into Arabic. CGTN has created a special section for social communication run by Chinese employees specialized in the Arabic language and Arab employees, and the task of this section is to present events and news related to China in particular, and the world in general, on social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Wechat, which is also done by China Radio.” Link As part of its Belt and Road Initiative, China has recently displayed a keen interest in the Arab world. CGTN Arabic and China Arab TV, two Chinese TV stations, have been introduced to the Arab satellites Nilesat and Arabsat, which transmit documentaries and news about China and the Arab world. To keep up with all of CGTN Arabic and China International Radio's social media accounts (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Wechat), separate department staffed by Chinese and Arabs has been established. Link Silk Road TV, a channel dedicated to trade and cultural relations between the Arab world and China has begun airing a month-long pilot phase. The Lebanese Chinese Business Council (LCBC) is the exclusive partner of the station locally and in the Arab world. “Lebanon is at the heart of the trade activities with China; this is why we decided that it will host this station,” said Ali El Masri, Chairman of the board of LCBC. Station programs include topics on trade activities, mutual business and investment opportunities, as well as other related information. Link Belt and Road Portal in Arabic. Link CGTN in Arabic. Link Xinhua in Arabic. Link It is no longer acceptable, in the era of globalization, to say that China is very far from Lebanon. On the contrary, China has become present in every Lebanese home, not only through Chinese goods that are available in abundance everywhere, but also through Chinese television channels that are broadcast via satellite. Link China has established a tight relationship with Lebanon through television shows that introduce the Lebanese people to the Chinese culture. As part of its Belt and Road Initiative, China has recently displayed a keen interest in the Arab world. CGTN Arabic and China Arab TV, two Chinese TV stations, have been introduced to the Arab satellites Nilesat and Arabsat, which transmit documentaries and news about China and the Arab world. To keep up with all of CGTN Arabic and China International Radio’s social media accounts (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and Wechat), separate department staffed by Chinese and Arabs has been established.
- https://www.chinainarabic.org/?p=39190
- https://english.almayadeen.net/articles/blog/lebanese-media:-an-arab-pioneer-on-media-silk-road
- http://www.businessnews.com.lb/cms/Story/StoryDetails/4759/Chinese-TV-channel-launched
- https://ara.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/
- https://arabic.cgtn.com/
- https://arabic.news.cn/
- http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/ctarabic/2018/wmdslzdf/202203/t20220315_800279661.html
- https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2022/04/01/lebanese-media-an-arab-pioneer-on-media-silk-road/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Link Link Information provided by Xinhua news agency published on the website of MTV (Lebanese media). Link As China's influence in Lebanon grows, it's feasible that Lebanese media outlets may start publishing content in Chinese. Videos, interviews, and information on Lebanon can be used by the Chinese media to educate the Chinese population about the country. Link It is no longer acceptable, in the era of globalization, to say that China is very far from Lebanon. On the contrary, China has become present in every Lebanese home, through social media, and the Lebanese media that show Chinese series and films, which contributes to learning about China’s culture and lifestyle. Lebanese websites play a role in the Lebanese people’s knowledge of Chinese culture and following events in China. The most important of these websites is the “China through Arab Eyes” website, which keeps the Arab reader in general informed of China’s news and its relations with Lebanon, with Arab countries and the world as a whole, and reads articles, research and analyses.
- https://www.mtv.com.lb/en
- https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/News/Articles/895513/Travel-in-China-grows-over-Lunar-New-Year-holiday-Xinhua
- https://english.almayadeen.net/articles/blog/lebanese-media:-an-arab-pioneer-on-media-silk-road
- http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/ctarabic/2018/wmdslzdf/202203/t20220315_800279661.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon in local radio Link Ambassador Chian Menjian's interview with the journalist Reiman Dou on Lebanon TV Link Link Lebanese experts stressed that understanding China stems from the understanding of the Chinese Communist Party, which seeks to build global peace and development. The meanings of development and the pursuit of the interests of humanity are inherent in the principles of the Chinese Communist Party, which gives priority to the livelihood of the people, which are considered foundations for understanding China and its trends as a great country with its economy, culture, and sciences. Understanding China needs to realize that Beijing is pursuing a path of peaceful development and a mutually beneficial strategy of openness to achieve an open global economy. Link On the occasion of the great 96th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the Lebanese media published an article by the Embassy's Defense Assistant, Brigadier General Cheng Yuzhong, entitled "Implementing the Ideas of Strengthening the People's Army, and Striving to Build a Powerful Power and Islamic Civilization."
- https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=6986804924677823
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GiR2ct1Cpho
- https://arabic.cgtn.com/n/BfJEA-DAA-CcA/HBCbIA/index.html
- http://lb.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/202307/t20230722_11116672.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link 2023 - Al-Abdullah (the head of the Lebanese-Chinese Businessmen and Women’s Association): “I can say…China is a friendly country that loves our country, and it deals with us with respect and appreciation, and understands our circumstances and challenges” Link 2022 - A leading delegation from the Chinese Communist Party in Lebanon: China's development provides important opportunities for global development. “In a remarkable and distinctive step, a large delegation from the Chinese Communist Party… visited Lebanon for several days …” Link 2023: Al-Abdullah (the head of the Lebanese-Chinese Businessmen and Women’s Association) mentions China as a friendly country to Lebanon. Link 2023: The Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon.. said … that “China and Lebanon share a traditional friendship. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, over the past fifty years, the mutual political trust between the two countries has been continuously consolidated.”
- https://bluebirdlb.com/news/66988/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89-74-%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9..-%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86
- https://www.iktissadonline.com/news/2023/10/19/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-br-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1
- https://www.al-nidaa.com/politics/item/32092-2022-11-26-08-50-58
- https://www.almanar.com.lb/10683609
Supplementary Notes
Link 2019 - “The friendship between China and Lebanon has roots between the two peoples that go deep into history.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Link March 19, 2022 (Xinhua) - The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in north-western China and the Chinese Embassy in Lebanon held a video conference last Thursday to inform the Lebanese people about the reality of life in Xinjiang. The online conference was attended by about 50 government officials, researchers and journalists from Lebanon. Link The embassy of PRC in Lebanon held meeting with the help of Xinjiang region’s governorate. In his speech, Ambassador Qian Minjian expressed his thanks to the Government of Lebanon and friendly figures from all circles for their constant commitment to an objective and fair position on issues related to Xinjiang. I hope that the Lebanese friends will learn directly and more deeply about the real situation in Xinjiang through this meeting, and to continue disseminating the real situation in Xinjiang to the Lebanese people and the peoples of the region, in a way that strengthens the forces that support justice and fairness and seek prosperity and stability, and make it the main trend in the international community.
- http://arabic.news.cn/2022-03/19/c_1310520971.htm
- https://alharir.info/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei signs a memorandum of understanding with the Arab Open University in Lebanon Link "The Lebanese University signed a cooperation agreement with the Chinese telecom giant "Huawei Technologies" to implement the "Huawei Academy" program for information and networks at the university, develop curricula, provide professors and students with training and knowledge, and involve specialists and experts in this field." Link Lebanese university signs deal with Chinese institute on nuclear energy research Link Link Professor Fouad Ayoub, President of the Lebanese University (LU), signed a cooperation agreement with Mr. Paul Feng Nan, CEO of Huawei Technologies (Lebanon). The agreement aims to implement the Huawei Authorized Information and Network Academy program (HAINA) at the Lebanese University, and develop a curriculum by providing LU professors and students with the necessary training and knowledge for this objective, and involving specialists and experts in this field. Link Huawei Technologies in Lebanon launched the Huawei Authorized Learning Partner (HALP) program with the American University of Science & Technology (AUST) on Tuesday. Li Xiaofeng, CEO of Huawei in Lebanon, said this agreement will enable AUST and Huawei to boost digital transformation across industries with specialized and customized training based on Huawei courses and solutions. Link President of Beirut Arab University, signed an agreement of understanding with the CEO of Huawei in Lebanon, Professor Aiden Li, to establish the Huawei ICT Academy. Link A joint meeting was held at the Faculty of Science at Al Maaref University, between the university and Huawei International Communications, on Tuesday, May 23, 2023, to discuss ways of cooperation and benefiting from the Huawei Information and Networks Academy program and providing support and training services, on the university’s campus in Beirut. This cooperation aims to enable university students to take full advantage of modern technologies and the company’s equipment, and to provide them with the necessary skills and knowledge in the fields of information and communications technology. Also, during the meeting, a memorandum of understanding was signed between the two parties. Link A Lebanese university and a Chinese institute signed here on Wednesday a cooperation agreement regarding the scientific research on the peaceful development and use of nuclear energy. Link The American University of Beirut signed a collaboration agreement with the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) in the field of plasma science and magnetic fusion. The aim is to support the common research programs at the university and ASIPP with the possibility to contribute to the research program on EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak).
- http://arabic.people.com.cn/n3/2021/0409/c31660-9837333.html
- http://arabic.people.com.cn/n3/2020/0124/c31660-9651618.html
- http://luwebxx.ul.edu.lb/en/foreign-affairs-agreements
- https://english.news.cn/20220915/048cd207faf14ad7bdc94286bb9db56f/c.html
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-10/13/c_1310242482.htm
- https://www.iktissadonline.com/node/7976
- https://www.mu.edu.lb/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA/memorandum-of-understanding-between-mu-huawei-company/
- https://english.news.cn/20220915/048cd207faf14ad7bdc94286bb9db56f/c.html
- https://aub.edu.lb/articles/Pages/Collaboration_AUB_ASIPP_China.aspx
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“It is perhaps unsurprising that Lebanon was the first Arab country to host a Confucius Institute.” Link Link “The Confucius Institute in Lebanon operated smoothly and became an important platform for teaching Chinese language and disseminating Chinese culture in Lebanon.” Link Confucius Institute at Saint Joseph University in Beirut Link Link Confucius Institute at Beirut University Link 15 years have passed since the Confucius Institute was established at Saint Joseph University in Beirut. During which the Institute made great contributions to advancing humanitarian exchanges between Lebanon and China, and resulted in promoting the study of the Chinese language and promoting the dissemination of Chinese culture. Link Saint Joseph University in Lebanon opened the first Confucius Institute in the Arab countries and the Middle East in cooperation with a Chinese university in February 2007. To date, the institute has enrolled about four thousand students, both male and female, and its average annual enrollment has risen to about 400 students currently.
- http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/ctarabic/2018/wh/202212/t20221207_800315470.html
- https://www.ft.com/content/386b3fd2-01db-11e9-99df-6183d3002ee1
- https://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/culture/lifestyle/19091/5115-1.htm
- http://arabic.people.com.cn/n3/2021/0716/c31660-9872931.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/xybfs_663590/gjlb_663594/2843_663676/
- http://en.people.cn/200611/11/eng20061111_320459.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
But the schools in Lebanon receive free educational books from the Chinese Embassy Link Chinese is not taught as a second language in Lebanese schools, but there is an increasing interest towards the Chinese language. Link Nisrine Abdel Nour Lattouf (he director of the country's Confucius Institute) told Xinhua that the Confucius Institute at Saint Joseph University of Beirut has been offering Chinese language courses to 325 students at five other schools across the country, more than doubling the 120 students enrolled in the previous academic year ending June 2023. Lattouf expected the number to increase remarkably in the future since there has been a growing demand from Lebanese schools, which she said is due to the job opportunities, cross-cultural communication platforms, and chances to enter the Chinese market potentially provided by learning Chinese.
- https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/ar/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1-86-%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81-%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9
- https://english.news.cn/20231122/a11f5eb31f6f489d84c3e1120a72eba7/c.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Arab-Chinese Cooperation & Development Association (ACCDA) with a basing in Beirut, Lebanon to “promote the Silk Road Spirit, Strengthen China-Arab Cooperation” Link Link The website is checked and the answer is NO. Link The website is checked and the answer is NO.
- https://www.facebook.com/ArabChinese/?ref=page_internal
- http://www.brsn.net/list/zhikujigou_en/index.html
- http://www.ucmsr.com/route
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“The Chinese ambassador Qian Minjian reviewed the cultural exchanges between China and Lebanon, stressing that the Chinese side will continue to cooperate closely with the Lebanese side to establish a Chinese culture center in Lebanon as soon as possible and implement the project of the Lebanese National Higher Institute of Music funded by the Chinese government.” Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“SRCIC as the sponsor of 2018 Silk Road Sunshine Fund Program held the welcome party for 24 students at the Belt and Road Exhibition Center, Xi'an Tang West Market on December 21, 2018. Silk Road Sunshine Fund was established in 2016 to subsidize excellent international students to study in Xi'an, China in response to the Belt and Road Initiative. 2018 Silk Road Sunshine Fund Program subsidized 24 students from Russia, Kazakhstan, Palestine, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Azerbaijan studying at Xi'an top universities including Northwest Polytechnical University and Chang'an University.” Link “Students from the Lebanese University, the American University of Beirut and other universities recently participated online in the 20th preparatory course for the International Chinese Language Bridge Competition for undergraduates in Lebanon, according to the Chinese Embassy… The Chinese Embassy in Lebanon organized this international competition in cooperation with the Confucius Institute at Saint Joseph University in Beirut for 7 consecutive years.” Link "Lebanon's "Huawei Technologies" on Monday signed a cooperation agreement with the Lebanese Association for the Development of Informatics and Technology, stipulating that the association will be Huawei's authorized education partner to train local talents. A statement issued by Huawei indicated that "the agreement constitutes the first step for Huawei in Lebanon and the East to implement training courses to nurture local talents under the supervision and management of the company." Link Link “27 Lebanese girls and boys participated in a Chinese-language singing competition held Sunday in Beirut” Link Lebanon's participation in the Youth Ambassadors Program for Chinese-Arabic Friendship Link
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/arab-chinese-cooperation-development-association-386143154/detail/recent-activity/
- http://arabic.people.com.cn/n3/2021/0716/c31660-9872931.html
- http://arabic.people.com.cn/n3/2019/1210/c31660-9639238.html
- https://yasour.org/2015/listm.php?go=fullnews&newsid=95845+
- http://arabic.people.com.cn/n3/2019/1202/c31657-9636963.html
- http://arabic.people.com.cn/n3/2020/0623/c31660-9703239.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Dr. Tamara Berro, Lebanese researcher - "My relationship with China began in 2014 when I participated in the first academic forum between the Arab countries and China, which was organized by the Beijing University of Foreign Studies, and I participated in it on behalf of the Lebanese University and under the supervision of the Lebanese-Chinese Association for Friendship and Cooperation." Link In 2009, China welcomed more than 150 Lebanese professionals to attend seminars and symposiums in diverse disciplines including business, finance, agriculture, press, and education. Link On December 25, 2014, Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Ming met with a delegation of experts and scholars from Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, and Kuwait, which was visiting China at the invitation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China. The two sides exchanged views on China-Arab relations, communications between Chinese and Arab think tanks and other issues. Link
- http://arabic.people.com.cn/n3/2018/1008/c31660-9506522.html
- https://atalayar.com/en/content/chinese-geo-strategic-expansion-levant-case-study-lebanon
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/2833_663656/2835_663660/201412/t20141229_533338.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The Lebanese University signed a cooperation agreement with the Chinese telecom giant "Huawei Technologies" to implement the "Huawei Academy" program for information and networks at the university, develop curricula, provide professors and students with training and knowledge, and involve specialists and experts in this field." Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link 2022 – “A few years ago, the United States launched a coordinated campaign against China by claiming that Chinese ethnic minorities, especially Uighurs and other Muslim communities, were being persecuted.”
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link The EU is Lebanon’s biggest trade partner, accounting for 28.4% of its total trade in goods in 2022: 32% of Lebanon’s imports came from the EU and 12.4% of Lebanon’s exports went to the EU.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
Skip
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It is difficult to calculate the exact amount of the debt as the country announced default in 2020; Link Facing a worsening economic crisis and with little chance of Western or oil-rich Arab countries assisting without substantial reforms, Lebanon’s cash-strapped government is looking east, hoping to secure investments from China that could bring relief
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link At the just concluded Middle East Clean Energy 2023 held in Beirut, Lebanon, multiple Chinese companies brought their sustainable power-generating solutions. Link Journalist Baria Alamuddin said, “Chinese companies have long sought to play a major role in Lebanese infrastructure projects proposing $12 billion worth of investments in ports, railways, electricity and waste management.” Also, in 2017, China participated in widening and deepening the port of Tripoli, the closest to Syria, supplying various types of equipment, fund may be also deployed shortly either via facilitated loans or other means. Link Chinese businessmen have paid covert visits, attempting to gauge the state of the economy. They began investing in power grids and highway development. Railways are an essential part of a country’s infrastructure. China began operating railways linking Beirut and Tripoli in 2019. Link
- https://www.iflr.com/article/b1lp1vm14sf28n/chinese-outbound-investment-guide-2018-lebanon
- https://thegeopolitics.com/china-in-lebanon-a-mirage-of-help/
- https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_rebuilding-beirut-port-could-prove-controversial-analysts-say/6194386.html
- https://english.news.cn/20230507/0179f4c08161485eadad09c790b869af/c.html
Supplementary Notes
Link 2018 - PowerChina officials met with representatives of the Lebanese Ministry for Energy and Water to discuss constructing two 500-megawatt power plants in northern and southern Lebanon. “PowerChina is very likely to sign a contract to build two new 500-megawatt power plants, which would be sufficient to cover Lebanon’s energy deficit,” a source said. Not yet as china is being more involved in public infrastructure. Nevertheless "China has shown its willingness, as the Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon Qian Minjian stated to contribute to the reconstruction of Beirut Port after the destruction it suffered in the August 4, 2020 bombing, and that Chinese companies are ready to study expansion and development projects for Lebanese ports. They are also ready to implement other projects In the fields of energy and transportation.” Link
- https://thearabweekly.com/chinese-investors-offer-hope-power-starved-lebanon
- https://strategicfile.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%ab/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The AIIB official website lists Lebanon as an prospective member, which may not be the same as the formal member. However, information of 2018 that shows that the country's application for membership has been accepted and it has become the 87th member country. Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Federation of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture in Lebanon (FCCIAL) is a member of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce. Also, the Union of Arab Chambers (UAC) is a member of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce Link “Tripoli Municipalities Union is a member of China's Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce (SRCIC). SRCIC Chairman Adnan al Kassar said that the SRCIC is willing to lend Lebanon $2 billion at reasonable interest rates, according to Lebanese-Chinese relations.” Link In 2017, prominent Lebanese and Chinese business groups signed in Lebanon two memorandums of understanding to boost the BRI, establishing a Business Council for the Silk Road. Link Link 2017 - The Union of Lebanon's Tripoli Municipalities signed an agreement with China's Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce (SRCIC) on Saturday to join the SRCIC for an active role in the Belt and Road Initiative.
- http://english.scio.gov.cn/2017-11/27/content_41948600.htm
- https://www.iflr.com/article/b1lp1vm14sf28n/chinese-outbound-investment-guide-2018-lebanon
- https://atalayar.com/en/content/chinese-geo-strategic-expansion-levant-case-study-lebanon
- http://www.srcic.com/silk-road-members/?page=3
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link The website is checked and Lebanon’s institution is not indicated there.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Lebanon has signed a bilateral investment agreement with China Link The Government of the Lebanese Republic and the Government of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Contracting Parties), Intending to create favorable conditions for investments by investors of one Contracting Party in the territory of the other Contracting Party, Recognizing that the reciprocal encouragement, promotion, and protection of such investments will be conducive to stimulating business initiative of the investors and will increase prosperity in both States, Desiring to intensify the economic cooperation of both States based on equality and mutual benefits, Have agreed - Link Link Lebanon has signed bilateral investment agreements with China.
- https://www.privacyshield.gov/article?id=Lebanon-Trade-Agreements
- https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/dsa-library/Resources/4182/Asia_BIT_Lebanon_China.pdf
- https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/lebanon-trade-agreements
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"In September 2018, a memorandum of understanding was signed between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Lebanon on “joint promotion of cooperation within the framework of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Maritime Silk Road Initiative for the Twenty-first Century.” The memorandum stipulates the cooperation of the two sides in areas of common interest, including Transport, logistics and infrastructure, investment and trade, energy, renewable energy and cultural exchange between peoples, health and sports. Two agreements were signed for the Special Economic Zone in Tripoli with the Chinese Chamber of Commerce and the Ningchuan Technological Zone. It is worth noting the constant communication between the Chamber of Tripoli and North Lebanon and the Chinese Embassy in Lebanon in terms of enhancing joint capabilities to help launch major investment projects. The memorandum stipulates the cooperation of the two sides in areas of mutual interest, including transport, logistics, infrastructure, investment and trade, energy, renewable energy, cultural exchange between peoples, health and sports." Link Link 2019 - The two countries signed two memorandums of understanding for promotion of Chinese investment and collaboration on Lebanon's industrial zones and the creation of the China Arab Arbitration Center. Gao Yan, Chairwoman of CCPIT speaks at the Forum that "CCPIT in Lebanon will cooperate with Lebanese chambers to improve commercial and trade ties between Lebanon and China". She also called upon Chinese companies to invest in Lebanon's industrial zones. Gao's remarks aimed at drawing a roadmap for the future of cooperation between Lebanon and China on various levels.
- https://uabonline.org/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%88/
- https://www.srcic.org/news/china-lebanon-investment-forum/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link I have checked the website and there is NO LEBANESE organization.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link 16.06.2023: The President of the “Al-Wafa Federation of Trade Unions and Employees” in Lebanon and a member of the Presidential Council of the World Federation of Trade Unions, Ali Taher Yassin, in Geneva met the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, represented by international relations official Shi Shuchuan, where international labor affairs were discussed, and the necessity of communicating and activating Chinese-Lebanese labor union relations in a way that serves the interests of workers in the two countries. Yassin accepted an invitation from Shi Shuxuan, on behalf of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, to visit China, the date of which will be determined later.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“Al-Abdullah founded and headed the Lebanese-Chinese Businessmen and Women’s Association (LCBA), which works to strengthen relations and joint economic projects between Lebanese businessmen scattered around the world and China. The consortium is the first Lebanese private entity to sign a cooperation agreement with the Chinese Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT).” Link “SCO Forum on Women's Education and Poverty Reduction Held in Beijing - All-China Women's Federation (ACWF), in collaboration with the Commission of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (GNFCC SCO) and the Secretariat of the SCO, held the SCO Forum on Women's Education and Poverty Reduction in Beijing on July 20, 2021. Approximately 200 participants attended the forum. International guests included diplomats from SCO countries, Zambia, Lebanon, Guyana and various international organizations.” Link "China Women's University (CWU) launched an opening ceremony for the Seminar on Social Management Capability Building for Female Officials from Developing Countries, on April 11, 2018. The 15-day seminar, which had received great support from the All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) and the Academy for International Business Officials (AIBO) from the Ministry of Commerce, drew the attendance of 28 female officials from Uganda, Ghana, Palestine, South Sudan, Lebanon, Iraq, Grenada and Uzbekistan.SCO Forum on Women's Education and Poverty Reduction Held in Beijing - All-China Women's Federation (ACWF), in collaboration with the Commission of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (GNFCC SCO) and the Secretariat of the SCO, held the SCO Forum on Women's Education and Poverty Reduction in Beijing on July 20, 2021. Approximately 200 participants attended the forum. International guests included diplomats from SCO countries, Zambia, Lebanon, Guyana and various international organizations." Link “In 2013 the Chinese Association for Radio, Film and Television Exchanges received delegations from Ethiopia and the DPRK, and film crews from Lebanon, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and India.” Link At the invitation of the Chinese Artists and Intellectuals Association, five of the Association’s members from the Lebanese artists and intellectuals sector visited China in the period between October 14 and 21, 2009. In the period between May 23 and May 26, 2010, a 12-member Chinese delegation visited to participate in the Lebanese-Chinese Cultural Forum. In the period between October 15-21, 2010, a delegation that included five Lebanese businessmen visited Beijing and Shanghai at the invitation of the Chinese People’s Friendship Association with Foreign Countries. The association sent a lengthy letter on January 25, 2018 to the Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon, the Lebanese Ambassador to China, the Chinese People’s Friendship Association with Foreign Countries, and the Chinese-Arab Friendship Association, which included a busy program for the year 2018 and requested cooperation in achieving it. The suggestions contained therein: 1- A proposal from the Lebanese Artists Association for Painting and Sculpture, which includes approximately 500 artists. It proposes holding the first and second forums with the Chinese Artists Association during the year 2018. The Association expresses its full readiness to receive the Chinese side at any appropriate time for the visit of the Chinese delegation to Lebanon in 2018. Link
- https://www.chinainarabic.org/?p=66386
- http://www.chinaja.org.cn/2015-04/07/c_137851976_8.htm
- https://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/special/cwu/1805/1917-1.htm
- https://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/2112/609-1.htm
- https://strategicfile.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%ab/%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%86-50-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a9/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon Wang Kejian on Friday visited Dar Al Aytam Al Islamiya, a social welfare institution, to donate over 500 school bags and stationery to orphans at the beginning of the academic year. Dar Al Aytam Al Islamiya is a non-governmental national, social and charity organization which offers a whole range of general and specialized social services through 56 centers covering the whole Lebanese territory. Dar Al Aytam's Director Khalid Kabbani said that the institution offers its services to all Lebanese children regardless of their religion or sect. Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“The cultural event "Happy Spring Festival" was successfully held in Lebanon.” Link “Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon Qian Minjian said since the beginning of this year, the embassy has held several events, including a New Year concert, a drawing competition for the youth, an online forum, and a special issue released in cooperation with Annahar Newspaper, to celebrate the golden jubilee of the diplomatic relations between China and Lebanon.” Link In 2016, Beirut witnessed the signing of a cooperation agreement between Arab Television in China and Lebanon Television, under which China provided some equipment, series, various films, and documentaries. Link
- https://accda.net/ar/%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%A2%D9%A0-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AB/
- http://www.news.cn/english/2021-11/18/c_1310317229.htm
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/xybfs_663590/gjlb_663594/2843_663676/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link Social Media Stats in Lebanon - October 2023 Facebook 76.16% Instagram 11.06% Twitter 4.9% YouTube 3.86% Pinterest 3.39% LinkedIn 0.42%
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link China-funded conservatory in Lebanon to be center of attraction in Mideast: Lebanese PM - 2022
Supplementary Notes
Link Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon Wang Kejian (2nd R) and Lebanese Culture Minister Abbas Mortada (2nd L) sign the agreement on behalf of their governments during a ceremony at the Lebanese Culture Ministry in Beirut, Lebanon, May 27, 2020. China and Lebanon signed on Wednesday an agreement aimed at creating cultural centers in both countries, said a statement by the Chinese embassy in Lebanon.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
Skip
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
It is difficult to identify the answer on this question as different polls give different results Link 2021 70% of respondents do not trust China, of whom 37% do not trust it at all, compared to 30% who trust it, of whom 1% strongly trust it. 57% of respondents consider China's role towards Lebanon as a negative one, of whom 27% consider it largely negative, compared to 32% who consider it positive, of whom 4% consider it largely positive. 10% considered that China has no role. Link 2019 Around the globe, people are divided in their opinions of China. A median of 40% across 34 countries surveyed have a favorable view of China, while a median of 41% have an unfavorable opinion. The country’s most positive ratings come from Russia (71% favorable), Nigeria (70%) and Lebanon (68%). And while Lebanon, Tunisia and Bulgaria receive relatively few Chinese exports, majorities in these countries view China in a positive light. Among those who offer an opinion, more in Tunisia and Lebanon have confidence in Xi. Link When it comes to China, the difference in Sunni and Shia perceptions are more subtle. 68% of Lebanese polled in 2022 called relations with China important. However, a closer look at sectarian breakdowns indicates that China’s popularity among Lebanese Shia is skyrocketing while its popularity among Sunni is strong but holding steady. In October 2017, November 2021, and March 2022, 74%, 82%, and 91% of Lebanese Shia said relations with China were important. Moreover, while only 37% of Shia called these relations “very important” in 2017, this metric jumped to 67% by the most recent poll. In comparison, 72% of Sunni respondents called relations with China somewhat or very important, a number on par with Sunni metrics from 2021. Link 2021 - Only in Lebanon (38 percent) and Jordan (34 percent) did fewer than half say they viewed China very or somewhat favorably. Link 2019 - The country’s most positive ratings come from Russia (71% favorable), Nigeria (70%) and Lebanon (68%). Link 2022 - The total number of Lebanese who rate relations with the United States as “important” has hovered around 35% over the last several years—significantly lower than Lebanese respondents’ overall ratings of China and Russia, which maintain about 65% and 55%, respectively, on the same metric. When it comes to China, the difference in Sunni and Shia perceptions are more subtle. 68% of Lebanese polled in 2022 called relations with China important, on par with the number who did so in 2021.
- https://www.kas.de/documents/284382/284431/2021-12+KAS+Public+Opinion+Survey+Lebanon+Report.pdf/bfb92390-cb9b-97f3-423a-d4ec1fc464a0?version=1.1&t=1643958272879
- https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/12/05/attitudes-toward-china-2019/
- https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/polling-indicates-widespread-frustration-lebanon-and-sectarian-disagreement-global
- https://www.arabbarometer.org/2021/12/fragile-popularity-arab-attitudes-towards-china/
- https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/12/05/attitudes-toward-china-2019/
- https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/polling-indicates-widespread-frustration-lebanon-and-sectarian-disagreement-global
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link Lebanon's Imports from China of Arms and ammunition, parts and accessories was US$327.38 Thousand in 2022, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Lebanon’s military has received 60 B80VJ and 40 Sinotruk Howo vehicles as part of military assistance from China. Link
- https://tradingeconomics.com/lebanon/imports/china/arms-ammunition-parts-accessories
- https://www.defensenews.com/land/2021/06/14/china-delivers-100-military-vehicles-to-lebanon/
Supplementary Notes
“China delivers 100 military vehicles to Lebanon” Link The People’s Liberation Army made a direct donation to the Lebanese Army to boost the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The items included surgical face masks, goggles, protective clothing and other medical supplies. Link
- https://www.defensenews.com/land/2021/06/14/china-delivers-100-military-vehicles-to-lebanon/
- https://www.arabnews.com/node/1683276/middle-east
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link “In 2020, members of the Chinese peacekeeping forces went to the port of Beirut to carry out rescue operations after the disaster of the port explosion” “Chinese peacekeeping forces provided humanitarian aid hundreds of times, donating medical parts and equipment, daily necessities, school supplies, etc. to neighboring Lebanese villages, local schools and institutes, and organizing medical visits to local villages on an ongoing basis.” Link The 20th Chinese peacekeeping medical contingent to Lebanon donated humanitarian aid supplies in 21 categories, including groceries, food, disinfectant, and masks, to the Lebanese NGO Amel Association International in southern Lebanon.
- https://www.ad-dawra.com/2023/07/25/47239/
- http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/2022special/2022-02/08/content_10174473.htm
Supplementary Notes
Link "China is participating in the temporary United Nations peacekeeping force (UNIFIL) in Lebanon, where Prime Minister Wen Jiabao announced the deployment of 1,000 Chinese peacekeepers... China did not directly participate in the Lebanese mediation but played an indirect role by contributing through the United Nations and the UN Security Council. China also provided financial support to Lebanon." Link “China's PLA donates medical supplies to Lebanese army to help fight COVID-19” Link Link In August of 2020, Beirut was struck by a deadly explosion that displaced approximately 300,000 inhabitants and killed approximately 150 people. On one side, where Lebanese government officials were hiding their faces, Chinese peacekeepers quickly organised themselves and began rescue operations. In addition, to prevent any more mishaps, China has ordered safety inspection projects in Lebanon. Link 2021 - Lebanon on Monday received from China a medical donation consisting of a second batch of China's Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccines, 100 ventilators and 100 hospital beds. Link The Chinese government decided to provide Lebanon with a new batch of Chinese-made COVID-19 vaccine to help the country fight the pandemic, the Chinese embassy in Lebanon said in a statement Saturday. Link The Chinese government launched an emergency response mechanism on Aug 5 to offer humanitarian assistance to Lebanon after huge explosions rocked the Port of Beirut, capital of Lebanon, the day before, causing heavy casualties and property losses, said Tian Lin, spokesperson for the China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA). the Lebanese Civil Defense received two emergency rescue and survey robots donated by the Shenyang Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. For his part, the Director General of the Lebanese Civil Defense, Brigadier General Raymond Khattar, said that putting these two robots into service will enhance the capabilities of the Civil Defense, especially in the field of reconnaissance in dangerous places and taking samples of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) materials and disposing of them. Link
- http://en.brnn.com/n3/2021/0823/c415018-9886732.html
- https://english.almayadeen.net/articles/blog/reflections-on-the-sinolebanese-relations
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/28/c_139096587.htm
- https://thegeopolitics.com/china-in-lebanon-a-mirage-of-help/
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202111/30/WS61a581e9a310cdd39bc784f1.html
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202108/29/WS612af267a310efa1bd66bd5c.html
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202008/06/WS5f2bdd51a31083481725eb3d.html
- https://www.chinainarabic.org/?p=83948
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Lebanese Army Commander General Joseph Aoun: "We are keen to continue cooperating with China in a way that serves the interests of both countries". Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
BEIRUT, Dec. 28, 2021 – “The 20th Chinese peacekeeping engineering contingent to Lebanon organized a night defense exercise against the severe local security situation on December 25, which aimed to temper the emergency response capability of peacekeepers.“ Link
Supplementary Notes
Link In his address to the reception, Zheng said the friendly cooperation between the Chinese and Lebanese armies is continuing to reach new heights. "China has always followed the path of peaceful development, pursued a national defense policy that is defensive in nature, vigorously implemented the global security initiative, fulfilled the sacred mission of peacekeeping, and promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind," he added.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
"“Lebanese law prohibits the extradition of its nationals” Link"
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Link The China-Arab Cooperation Initiative on Data Security, jointly announced by China and member states of the Arab League (AL) last year as a result of the initiative, makes the Arab world the first region in the world to do so, he said. Lebanon, a member state of the AL, welcomed the initiative in the first instance, "which demonstrates the high degree of consensus on cyber security and digital governance between China and Lebanon as well as Arab nations," the Chinese envoy said.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon said that China is willing to actively participate in the construction of new telecommunication projects in Lebanon. Wang hailed the excellent cooperation between the two sides in the telecom industry. For his part, Lebanese Telecommunication Minister Mohammad Choucair spoke highly of the technology and service provided by Chinese telecom companies in Lebanon, as well as the good cooperation between the two sides.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"TOUCH ANNOUNCES 4.5G LTE ADVANCED NETWORK DEPLOYMENT ALL OVER LEBANON IN PARTNERSHIP WITH HUAWEI AND NOKIA. HARB: BY THE END OF SEPTEMBER 2016 LEBANON WILL ENJOY THE LATEST IN THE WORLD OF MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS" Link “Huawei’s latest 5G equipment has enabled touch, the leading mobile telecommunications and data operator in Lebanon, to perform the first commercial 5G trial in the nation. At an event held under the auspices of Prime Minister-Designate Saad Hariri, represented by the Caretaker Minister of Telecommunication Jamal Jarrah, touch and Huawei gave a sneak peek of the 5G experience that customers will enjoy once the technology is fully deployed in Lebanon.” 2018 Link "Beirut – October 2, 2018: touch, the leading mobile telecommunications and data operator in Lebanon, managed by Zain Group, has performed the first commercial 5G trial in Lebanon using Huawei equipment, at an event held under the auspices of the Prime Minister-Designate Saad Hariri represented by the Caretaker Minister of Telecommunications Jamal Jarrah. This trial showcased the real 5G experience that customers shall have once it is deployed in the country and 5 G-enabled devices become available." Link The Chinese and Lebanese governments signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation in building the "Belt and Road". The Chinese side encourages Chinese companies that are distinguished by their capabilities and good reputation to explore the possibility of cooperation with the Lebanese side in various fields, including infrastructure and the fifth generation technology (5G). Link
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/celb/eng/xwdt/t1792084.htm
- https://www.touch.com.lb/autoforms/portal/touch/about-touch/media-center/press-releases/5g
- https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2018/11/huawei-state-of-the-art-5g-lebanon
- https://www.touch.com.lb/autoforms/portal/touch/about-touch/media-center/press-releases/45g
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Beirut - February 15, 2019: touch, the leading mobile telecommunications and data operator in Lebanon, managed by Zain Group, has collaborated with Huawei Consumer Business Group (CBG) to issue a special bundle package dedicated to the newest device release from Huawei, the Huawei Y7 Prime 2019." Link Huawei redefines Lebanon’s future through advanced technologies… Li went on to say that back in 2019, Huawei performed the nation’s first commercial trial of 5G together with telco Touch. "We are now working to help Lebanon lift its economy through technology, given its global leadership as the first ICT company globally to unveil a full range of end-to-end (E2E) 3GPP-compliant 5G product solutions, and the world’s first 5G chipset," he added. Link
- https://www.touch.com.lb/autoforms/portal/touch/about-touch/media-center/press-releases/y7
- https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/291020
Supplementary Notes
HUAWEI expresses its readiness to equip Beirut's Rafic Hariri International Airport with the world's latest "Wi-Fi 6" Network, but it has not been implemented yet. Link Link Lebanon received a multimillion-dollar donation from China to install solar energy for the country’s beleaguered internet provider, the Ministry of Telecommunications. Ogero, the state-owned telecommunications service, is to gain over $8 million to supply more than 830 of Ogero’s sites with solar energy panels, following years of electricity shortages that have beset the country’s internet and phone services.
- http://arabic.people.com.cn/n3/2019/0628/c31659-9592340.html
- https://www.newarab.com/news/lebanon-receives-multimillion-dollar-chinese-donation
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The following companies are part of Uniview's Partner Program, listed as "partners" in the Middle East. These are likely resellers, distributors, and/or system integrators of Uniview products. Partners: Al-Harib Security Systems, Al Khamar General Trading, Alerta Electronics, Arab Security (ASG), Boyut Security Technologies, Carnival Trading, Digital Link Group, Egemen Elektronik, Ezee Vision Technologies, Gulfstream Infotech Security & Surveillance Systems LLC, Innovated Technology Services ITS, Integral Kurumsal Teknoloji Çözümleri San.Tic.Ltd.Şti., Kuwait Secure Security & Devices Co., Netgate for Telecom and Information Security, Neutron Security Technology Co. Ltd, Original for Computer, Polar Electronic Systems LTD., Quqa Trading Co., Safety Control Island Trading, Saudi Company for Site Technology (ST), Smart Security & Safety, Taji Zewi, Tehama Technology, WAN Company for Networking Technology, Zentcom Teknoloji A.Ş., Zoom Tech Electronics S.A.R.L" Link “In 2020, two sets of thermal body temperature monitoring equipment were donated to the Lebanese Government for installation in the Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport.” Link
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2896
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-3383
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“Dahua Technologies has decided to donate two sets of body temperature imaging devices valued at $27,000 to the Lebanese side to solve problems such as equipment and manpower shortages. After the devices arrived in Beirut on March 10, the company's employees installed, tested, and operated the devices for two consecutive days and put them into service on March 12. The devices were developed by the company during Chinese New Year. These devices can measure several people at once, quickly pass passengers maintain a safe distance of 2-3 meters, and measure temperatures with high accuracy by over or minus 0.3 Celsius, effectively reducing the risk of infection to employees. The donation is the embodiment of the company's fulfillment of its community responsibility, the company stated.” Link “In 2020, two sets of thermal body temperature monitoring equipment were donated to the Lebanese Government for installation in the Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport.” Link
- https://www.facebook.com/108776244023965/posts/128485458719710/
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2896
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the span of only a few years, China has exported smart-city technology to ... users in the UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Oman, Bahrain, and Lebanon. Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China and Arab states sign an action plan for cooperation in satellite navigation Link The 3rd China-Arab States Beidou Cooperation Forum was successfully held in Beijing Link Link In Lebanon, BeiDou high-precision service has been applied in the construction survey of the Beirut port terminal. Link
- http://english.spacechina.com/n17212/c3956784/content.html
- http://en.beidou.gov.cn/WHATSNEWS/201905/t20190514_17980.html
- http://www.beidou.gov.cn/yw/xwzx/202112/t20211214_23440.html
- http://www.beidou.gov.cn/yw/xwzx/202201/t20220121_23559.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“China’s Xinhua news agency reports a Chinese engineering company has been working to rehabilitate one of Lebanon’s other ports, Tripoli, creating a berth to accommodate Chinese cranes capable of moving about 700 containers per day.” Link China Harbor Engineering Company Ltd is a subsidiary of China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) controlled by the Chinese government. Link The port of Tripoli in Lebanon - Chinese cranes and equipment are expected to boost the port's capacity (Photo) Link “The cost of this phase of the project stood at $51.7 million. The construction works were carried out by a Chinese contracting firm, China Harbor Engineering Company (CHEC). Dar Al Handasah (Shair and Partners sal) was the project's consultant. CHEC signed a contract with the Authority of the Port of Tripoli in 2009. The firm had initially won the bid to undertake the project back in 2004, but works were delayed. So far the project has cost around $80 million… Officials expect the new infrastructural enhancements to drive the port’s activity up to unprecedented levels.” (Bids are announced by Ministry of Public Works and Transportation) Link China, Lebanon sign visa-free agreement for official passport holders Link China's Huawei Technologies has signed a cooperation agreement with the Lebanese Association for the Development of Information and Technology (LADIT) that recognizes the association as education partner of Huawei Authorized Learning Partner (HALP) project, the National News Agency (NNA) reported Monday. Link 2017 - Union of Lebanon's Tripoli Municipalities signed an agreement with China's Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce (SRCIC) on Saturday to join the SRCIC for active role in the Belt and Road Initiative. Link
- https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_rebuilding-beirut-port-could-prove-controversial-analysts-say/6194386.html
- https://www.portseurope.com/port-of-tripoli-must-replace-destroyed-beirut-as-entry-gate-to-lebanon/
- https://www.ft.com/content/386b3fd2-01db-11e9-99df-6183d3002ee1
- http://www.businessnews.com.lb/cms/Story/StoryDetails/1411/Tripoli-harbor-improved
- https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202211/30/WS6386b9e1a31057c47eba1dba.html
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202006/23/WS5ef1674da310834817254cff.html
- http://english.scio.gov.cn/2017-11/27/content_41948600.htm
Supplementary Notes
Supplementary note: “In the past two years, Chinese delegations have visited Lebanon more than nine times to deliver messages from 10 Chinese companies that were willing to invest $12.5 billion in massive infrastructure projects in the country. These projects include railway infrastructure, solar power, and cleaning the Litani River, and were proposed to a heavyweight Lebanese official, the expert revealed. Dr. Massoud Daher, head of the Chinese-Lebanese Friendship and Cooperation Committee, echoed this assertion when he told Arab News that China “is forbidden from entering Lebanon in such ways.” This explains why the numerous Chinese offers to Lebanon over the past years, particularly those in the electricity sector, have not yielded any results.” Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Chinese sister cities Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link 2022- NNA - "Lebanese Forces" party leader, Samir Geagea, on Wednesday met at the party's headquarters in Maarab with a Chinese delegation including Vice Minister of the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee, Qian Hongshan, who visited him with an accompanying delegation, in the presence of Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon, Qian Minjian. The Chinese delegation also extended an official invitation to Geagea to visit China and presented him with a souvenir made of Chinese silk.
Supplementary Notes
Trips are taking both on party level and on government level especially from 2015. "China Women's University (CWU) launched an opening ceremony for the Seminar on Social Management Capability Building for Female Officials from Developing Countries, on April 11, 2018. The 15-day seminar, which had received great support from the All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) and the Academy for International Business Officials (AIBO) from the Ministry of Commerce, drew the attendance of 28 female officials from Uganda, Ghana, Palestine, South Sudan, Lebanon, Iraq, Grenada and Uzbekistan.SCO Forum on Women's Education and Poverty Reduction Held in Beijing - All-China Women's Federation (ACWF), in collaboration with the Commission of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (GNFCC SCO) and the Secretariat of the SCO, held the SCO Forum on Women's Education and Poverty Reduction in Beijing on July 20, 2021. Approximately 200 participants attended the forum. International guests included diplomats from SCO countries, Zambia, Lebanon, Guyana and various international organizations." Link Major political parties of Lebanon sent delegations to China. Some Lebanese political parties sent their key members to China for training programs or workshops.(2013) Link
- https://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/special/cwu/1805/1917-1.htm
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/2843_663676/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
“On July 10, 2018, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi met in Beijing with Minister of Economy and Trade Raed Khoury of Lebanon who was in China for the 8th Ministerial Meeting of the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum.” Link In 2012, the Lebanese Minister of Information at the time, Walid Daouk, visited China and was impressed by the amazing development he saw in the field of using modern technologies in television work. Link On the evening of December 9, 2022 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati in Riyadh. Link 2018 - Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi on Tuesday met top diplomats from Lebanon and Djibouti, who visited Beijing for the eighth ministerial meeting of China-Arab States Cooperation Forum. Link
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cgchiangmai/eng/zgyw/t1576559.htm
- http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/ctarabic/2018/wmdslzdf/202203/t20220315_800279661.html
- http://id.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/jrzg/202212/t20221211_10988783.htm
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d674e33457a4e78457a6333566d54/index.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
2022 - Link The Chinese delegation’s (Deputy Minister, Ambassador, The director, and officials of the West Asia and North Africa department) tour began with a visit to the Lebanese Communist Party Center in Beirut. The delegation was received by the Secretary-General of the Lebanese Communist Party, Hanna Gharib. The two sides touched on bilateral relations at all levels and stressed the need for continued communication and coordination between the two parties. The Chinese delegation also expressed its solidarity with the Lebanese Communist Party and its ongoing struggle in Lebanon. For its part, the delegation of the Lebanese Communist Party affirmed its solidarity and support for the People's Republic of China in its ongoing struggle to achieve socialism.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link 2022 - Mikati (Lebanese PM) said that Xi is a great leader in today's world, who has led China to remarkable achievements. Although Lebanon is a small country, it has strong willingness to develop relations with China, he said. Lebanon thanked China for its help in maintaining the Arab country's national peace and security, Mikati said, adding that the country always abides by the one-China principle. Link His Excellency Minister Faras Al-Bayd pointed out that the coronavirus crisis is passing globally, especially with the emergence of new mutants, and multiple crises in Lebanon that greatly impacted the Lebanese health system. "The valuable assistance provided by China will help the Lebanese side's preparations to face a new wave of the coronavirus pandemic, especially with the emergence of new mutants, and it will also help Lebanon to boost the vaccination campaign." Speech of the Secretary-General of the Lebanese Communist Party at the opening session of the dialogue conference between the Chinese Communist Party and the parties of Arab countries: the United States of America is escalating its aggression in more than one region of the world, and its priority goals are: containing and weakening the People’s Republic of China, this time through Taiwan, to prevent the process of reunifying the motherland, but ... Just as in Ukraine, on whose behalf the United States is waging a war to contain a rising Russia, likewise in Taiwan, where it seeks to contain China by launching trade and military wars, supporting and financing extremist populist movements, deploying military bases…. Link
- https://english.www.gov.cn/news/topnews/202212/10/content_WS6393c7d0c6d0a757729e43d5.html
- http://www.al-nidaa.com/arab-and-wrold/item/32081-2022-11-14-06-29-27
- https://www.facebook.com/ChinainLebanon/posts/458518132383106
Supplementary Notes
“Lebanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdallah Bou Habib congratulated the Chinese leaders and people on the 72nd anniversary of the founding of the PRC, and wished China more prosperity in the future. Bou Habib said that Lebanon appreciates China for its participation in the United Nations Interim Forces in Lebanon, which contributes to preserving the country's sovereignty. "We appreciate China's support for Lebanon in facing the burden of hosting the refugees and the displaced in light of the current difficult economic and financial conditions, and working in favor for their return to their homeland," he said. The minister added that China continues to coordinate and cooperate with Lebanon to confront the COVID-19 pandemic by providing vaccines and other medical aids to contain the virus and reduce its negative repercussions.” Link Prime Minister Hariri cited China as an example of modernization to be emulated. This might make Beirut a logistics, economic, and business centre for China's BRI in the region. He brought up the subject of Syrian and Palestinian refugees in Lebanon and said that China, with its policy of opening up, might provide support in this area. Suleiman made an interesting observation about how the two countries can work together in the future. Link China's success in past 70 years spells success for whole world: Lebanese Communist party chief - Link China’s new Ambassador to Lebanon, Qian Minjian, notes that Lebanon’s government and political parties have expressed a positive willingness to deepen practical cooperation with China within the Belt and Road Initiative framework;- Link The success of China is considered a success for the whole world's populations," Lebanon's Communist Party chief said ahead of the 70th founding anniversary of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese experience is "an inspiring human and moral model for the whole world because it sums up the great human thought and experience," Hanna Gharib, the party's general secretary, told Xinhua. Link The President of the Lebanese Republic, General Michel Aoun, affirmed his keenness to strengthen relations between the two countries and his confidence that China will continue to stand by Lebanon and its rightful issues in international forums.- Link Lebanese President Michel Aoun stressed the depth of the ties between Lebanon and China, praising China's support for Lebanon's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and its permanent standing by it in international forums to support its just causes. - Link "We thank China for the support it provides to Lebanon in international forums, and for the solidarity it showed after the recent crisis and the assistance it provided and its participation in the two international conferences to support the Lebanese people..." During receptions on Friday 19/02/2021 - Link News related to China on the website of Lebanese state information agency: Link Beijing has condemned US President Joe Biden for what it calls "extremely irresponsible" remarks in which he said his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping faced "enormous problems". China's foreign ministry spokesperson Mao Ning says Beijing is "strongly dissatisfied" Link The website: “China through Arab’s eyes” with a keyword: Lebanon. Here are meetings and statements of Chinese officials.
- http://www.news.cn/english/2021-10/03/c_1310223707.htm
- https://atalayar.com/en/content/chinese-geo-strategic-expansion-levant-case-study-lebanon
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/21/c_138410198.htm
- https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2022/03/10/a-wary-chinese-dragon-and-a-reluctant-lebanese-government/
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/21/c_138410198.htm
- https://www.almanar.com.lb/3523386
- https://www.alalam.ir/news/5890358/%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86
- https://www.facebook.com/MichelAoun/posts/5093944017342957
- https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/en/international/593528/china-slams-biden-s-extremely-irresponsible-remark
- https://www.chinainarabic.org/?s=%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Link Adham Sayed, Central Committee member of the Lebanese Communist Party, pointed out that China plays an important role in establishing a new world order and is the only country with a comprehensive proposal. Young people want a world based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation, China provides opportunities in these fields and he is one of the examples. Link Lebanese Adham Sayed, a PhD student at Huazhong University of Science and Technology Link "China has become a part of me," said Adham Sayed, a 33-year-old Lebanese author, when describing what China means to him and the time he spent in Wuhan, the capital city of central China's Hubei Province. Sayed, who started to study in Wuhan in 2015 and recently graduated, didn't leave the Chinese city even when it was in the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019. "I had beautiful days with the people in Wuhan. They offered me security, science and a job. How can I leave them in bad times?" Sayed told Xinhua. The young man will start soon with his new job as an assistant professor of Economics at Zhejiang Gongshang University in Hangzhou, capital of east China's Zhejiang Province.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_T0L-u7OF0&t=2s
- https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=958782398208332
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-05/14/c_139946387.htm
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Lebanese-Chinese Friendship Committee Link Link Meeting of the Lebanese-Chinese Friendship Committee members met the Chinese delegation.
- https://www.lp.gov.lb/MemberDetails?Id=14
- https://www.elnashra.com/news/show/1240517/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link 2023 - Lebanon's Telecommunication Ministry and the state-run telecommunication company Ogero received an $8 million donation from China to supply more than 380 of Ogero's sites with solar power. Link 2023- The Lebanese Civil Defense received two emergency rescue robots donated by China. Link 2017 - The government of China provides school supplies for more than 86,000 children enrolled in formal and non-formal education opportunities in Lebanon. Link 2020 - China donated a new batch of medical supplies to Lebanon to help its fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Link 2020 - The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) donated surgical face masks, goggles, protective clothing and other medical supplies to the Lebanese army to help combat COVID-19. Link 2021 - The Chinese government decided to provide Lebanon with a new batch of Chinese-made COVID-19 vaccines to help the country fight the pandemic.
- https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1349959/china-donates-more-than-8-million-to-telecoms-ministry-ogero.html
- http://english.news.cn/20230519/4c95daf0aa214946938c7402c52ee820/c.html
- https://www.unicef.org/lebanon/press-releases/china-supports-86000-school-children-lebanon
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-06/11/c_139131911.htm
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/28/c_139096587.htm
- http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202108/29/WS612af267a310efa1bd66bd5c.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"China Women's University (CWU) launched an opening ceremony for the Seminar on Social Management Capability Building for Female Officials from Developing Countries, on April 11, 2018. The 15-day seminar, which had received great support from the All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) and the Academy for International Business Officials (AIBO) from the Ministry of Commerce, drew the attendance of 28 female officials from Uganda, Ghana, Palestine, South Sudan, Lebanon, Iraq, Grenada and Uzbekistan.SCO Forum on Women's Education and Poverty Reduction Held in Beijing - All-China Women's Federation (ACWF), in collaboration with the Commission of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (GNFCC SCO) and the Secretariat of the SCO, held the SCO Forum on Women's Education and Poverty Reduction in Beijing on July 20, 2021. Approximately 200 participants attended the forum. International guests included diplomats from SCO countries, Zambia, Lebanon, Guyana and various international organizations." Link Link Major political parties of Lebanon sent delegations to China. Some Lebanese political parties sent their key members to China for training programs or workshops.(2013)
- https://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/special/cwu/1805/1917-1.htm
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/2843_663676/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link “However, there are still ten countries that have not established partnerships with China yet, including Bahrain, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Somalia, Libya, and other countries that are still in conflict” (2021)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link 2022 - Lebanon thanked China for its help in maintaining the Arab country's national peace and security, Mikati (PM) said, adding that the country always abides by the one-China principle. Link 2022 - "Lebanon supports China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and the importance of respecting the One-China principle," Lebanese caretaker Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdallah Bou Habib said during his meeting with Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon Qian Minjian.
- http://english.www.gov.cn/news/topnews/202212/10/content_WS6393c7d0c6d0a757729e43d5.html
- https://english.news.cn/20220807/15f93b66e6ae454ab9e3da4e5cd52a63/c.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link 2022 - Lebanon thanked China for its help in maintaining the Arab country's national peace and security, Mikati (PM) said, adding that the country always abides by the one-China principle. Link 2022 - "Lebanon supports China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and the importance of respecting the One-China principle," Lebanese caretaker Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdallah Bou Habib said during his meeting with Chine+J9se Ambassador to Lebanon Qian Minjian.
- http://english.www.gov.cn/news/topnews/202212/10/content_WS6393c7d0c6d0a757729e43d5.html
- https://english.news.cn/20220807/15f93b66e6ae454ab9e3da4e5cd52a63/c.html
Supplementary Notes
Link China's territorial sovereignty over the South China Sea is beyond doubt, said Lebanese Communist Party General Secretary Hanna Gharib while commenting on the arbitration case unilaterally initiated by the Philippines. "It was China that discovered these islands and named them as South China Sea Islands. Some countries' attempt to step into or occupy these islands is a violation of China's territorial sovereignty," said Gharib.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link Joint statement of 69 countries at the Interactive Dialogue on High Commissioner's annual report at the 47th session of the Human Rights Council: (2021-06-22) Madam President, I have the honor to deliver the statement on behalf of 69 countries. Respect for sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of states and non-interference in internal affairs of sovereign states represent basic norms governing international relations. Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Tibet related issues are China's internal affairs that brook no interference by any external forces. We support China's implementation of "one country, two systems" in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. We call upon all states to uphold multilateralism, solidarity and collaboration, and to promote and protect human rights through constructive dialogue and cooperation. We oppose politicization of human rights and double standards. We also oppose unfounded allegations against China out of political motivation and based on disinformation, and interference in China's internal affairs under the pretext of human rights.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link Joint statement of 69 countries at the Interactive Dialogue on High Commissioner's annual report at the 47th session of the Human Rights Council: (2021-06-22) Madam President, I have the honor to deliver the statement on behalf of 69 countries. Respect for sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of states and non-interference in internal affairs of sovereign states represent basic norms governing international relations. Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Tibet-related issues are China's internal affairs that brook no interference by any external forces. We support China's implementation of "one country, two systems" in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. We call upon all states to uphold multilateralism, solidarity and collaboration, and to promote and protect human rights through constructive dialogue and cooperation. We oppose the politicization of human rights and double standards. We also oppose unfounded allegations against China out of political motivation and based on disinformation, and interference in China's internal affairs under the pretext of human rights.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link Joint statement of 69 countries at the Interactive Dialogue on High Commissioner's annual report at the 47th session of the Human Rights Council: (2021-06-22) Madam President, I have the honor to deliver the statement on behalf of 69 countries. Respect for sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of states and non-interference in internal affairs of sovereign states represent basic norms governing international relations. Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Tibet-related issues are China's internal affairs that brook no interference by any external forces. We support China's implementation of "one country, two systems" in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. We call upon all states to uphold multilateralism, solidarity and collaboration, and to promote and protect human rights through constructive dialogue and cooperation. We oppose the politicization of human rights and double standards. We also oppose unfounded allegations against China out of political motivation and based on disinformation, and interference in China's internal affairs under the pretext of human rights.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova