Uzbekistan
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 21 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 187 / 396 | - |
May 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 26 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 47 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 34 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 20 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 9 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 60 % | - |
In 2023, Uzbekistan had a GDP per capita of US$2,496 and a total population of 35.29 million people.
Uzbekistan established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1992. Uzbekistan was ranked 148th in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Not Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 12/100.
Key Takeaways
- Uzbekistan's foreign policy exhibits significant collaboration with China, marked by joint parliamentary groups, substantial aid, and a "Strategic" diplomatic relationship. However, diplomatic positions on Taiwan, Xinjiang, and Hong Kong lean towards silence or alignment with China, reflecting nuanced engagement with contentious issues.
- Uzbekistan's universities have extensive research partnerships with PRC-connected entities, including Huawei, Tencent, and Alibaba. The academic landscape features Confucius Institutes, fostering collaboration in ICT journalism, information technology education, and cultural exchange since 2005.
- The data suggests a significant level of military cooperation between Uzbekistan and China, as indicated by substantial military equipment imports, joint military education programs, and participation in bilateral and multilateral military exercises. This highlights a growing military partnership between the two nations.
- The data indicates a deepening collaboration between Uzbekistan and China in the law enforcement domain, characterized by extradition treaties, joint counterterrorism exercises, and significant training partnerships.
- Uzbekistan's economic ties with China are deepening, with China as its largest trading partner, holding a significant portion of sovereign debt, investing in extractive industries, and participating in initiatives like the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. This indicates a robust economic cooperation between the two nations.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
This text provides a brief evaluation of how the dynamic China-Uzbekistan bilateral relationship may transform into the synergy needed for the success of the BRI initiative. The analysis is divided into three parts. The first part highlights the overlap between Uzbekistan’s New Strategy of Development and China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The Belt and Road Initiative and Uzbekistan’s New Strategy of Development: Sustainability of mutual relevance and positive dynamics is available at: Link's_New_Strategy_of_Development_Sustainability_of_mutual_relevance_and_positive_dynamics. The Uzbek regime has been actively involved in internet censorship, shutting down and threatening local websites, and blocking certain external sites. While their capacity to block foreign websites is not as comprehensive as China’s, it would be beneficial for groups offering advice on avoiding Chinese censors to consider Uzbekistan as a focus country. Link
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324560481_The_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_and_Uzbekistan
- https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/central-asia/uzbekistan/media-development-challenging-environments-uzbekistan-after-andijan
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
A delegation of high-level media representatives from Uzbekistan visited China: Link Huawei organized a tour to China for journalists from Uzbekistan: Link
- http://uz.chineseembassy.org/rus/zwgxzxdt/201712/t20171206_1827313.htm
- https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2016/11/27/huawei/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
In 2014, a group of Uzbek journalists traveled to the Chinese cities of Beijing and Qingdao, where they were introduced to the operations of print and internet publications, television and radio channels, as well as the training and development of specialists in this field. Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tashkent, Uzbekistan (UzDaily.com) -- The Xinhua news agency published an article on the participation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, in the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing on 4-5 February.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Chinese President Xi Jinping published a signed article in the leading Uzbek newspaper Narodnoye Slove titled "A Glorious New Chapter in China-Uzbekistan Friendship" on June 21, ahead of his state visit to the Central Asian country. Link Podrobno.uz - News of Uzbekistan: Politics, economics, society, incidents, technologies, tourism, culture, sports (published the article "Uzbekistan and China: keys to the future") Link KUN.UZ is one of the most active online publications in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan has resumed gas exports to China, which were suspended earlier in the year to meet domestic demand. Link There is no direct indication about financing, which is why there are supplementary notes.
- http://www.scio.gov.cn/32618/Document/1481211/1481211.htm
- https://podrobno.uz/cat/uzbekistan-i-kitay-klyuchi-ot-budushchego/
- https://kun.uz/ru/news/2022/05/24/smi-uzbekistan-vozobnovil-eksport-gaza-v-kitay
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Friendship that has stood the test of time: China and Uzbekistan are taking cooperation to a new level Link Chinese Ambassador Jiang Yan: "May the friendship between China and Uzbekistan flourish forever!" Link Prime Minister Aripov concluded his visit by meeting with President Xi Jinping, during which he called China "the closest and most reliable neighbor and partner" of Uzbekistan. Link
- https://podrobno.uz/cat/uzbekistan-i-kitay-klyuchi-ot-budushchego/druzhba-proverennaya-vremenem-kitay-i-uzbekistan-vyvodyat-sotrudnichestvo-na-novyy-uroven/
- https://yuz.uz/ru/news/posol-kitaya-tszyan-yan-pust-vechno-protsvetaet-drujba-kitaya-i-uzbekistana
- https://jamestown.org/program/uzbekistan-increasingly-turns-to-china-for-development-loans/
Supplementary Notes
The second largest category of news during this period — 29 percent — focused on the positive relationship between Uzbekistan and China, highlighting new political and economic deals as well as cultural exchanges. In these reports, China is portrayed as a valuable strategic partner, as illustrated by the following example from May 25, 2022: Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Uzbek media outlets almost never mention Xinjiang. Reports about China, in general, are consistently presented in a positive tone. Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2019, Huawei signed a memorandum of understanding with the University of Journalism and Mass Communications of Uzbekistan, marking cooperation and mutual interest in training ICT journalists. Link Huawei, together with the Tashkent University of Information Technology, launched the HAINA (Huawei Authorized Information and Network Academy) project, which plays the role of the Huawei Information and Network Technology Academy. A memorandum of understanding was signed for the project’s further implementation. Link In 2017, “ZTE created a Smart Classroom at Tashkent University of Information Technologies.” Link In 2017, ZTE held a presentation on internships at its Uzbekistan office for Tashkent University of Information Technology (TUIT) students. Link Huawei and the Yeoju Technical Institute in Tashkent signed a memorandum of understanding. Link The "Seeds for the Future" educational project by Huawei was launched in Uzbekistan for the eighth time. Link A memorandum of understanding was signed between Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent and LLC “Huawei Tech Investment Tashkent.” Link In 2014, Huawei signed an agreement with Tashkent University of Information Technologies (TUIT), opening opportunities for young Uzbek students, culminating in the 2017 launch of the “Seeds for the Future” initiative. Link Universities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan are actively recruiting military officers for Chinese programs, with senior military officials receiving education in Chinese universities. The PLA NDU and the Armed Forces Academy of Uzbekistan cooperate on educational exchanges. Link Students and staff at the Military-Technical Institute of the National Guard of Uzbekistan take Chinese-language classes to build proficiency for potential study opportunities in China. Link Two research institutions affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Science and Technology Information Center of the Ministry of Higher Education and Innovations of Uzbekistan in October 2023 to boost strategic cooperation. Link On October 17, 2023, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU) and Samarkand State University in Uzbekistan signed an agreement to establish the "China Center," a collaborative initiative. Link In 2014, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies became the first in Central Asia to launch a faculty of Chinese studies, receiving occasional material and technical support from China. In 2022, the Uzbek-Chinese Research Centre was opened at the Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, focusing on studying China's domestic and foreign policies, the Silk Road's role, and promoting Sino-Uzbek cooperation. Link
- https://www.uzjoku.uz/ru/news/huawei-jurnalistika-va-ommaviy-kommunikatsiyalar-universiteti-bilan-birgalikda-ozbekistonning-akt-sharhlovchisi-tanlovini-otkazadi
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/ru/post/28649
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/ru/post/31991
- https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2017/11/22/zte/
- https://www.kiut.uz/en/news/huawei-and-yeoju-technical-institute-tashkent-signed-memorandum-understanding/
- https://www.kiut.uz/en/news/educational-project-seeds-for-the-future-by-huawei-launched-in-uzbekistan-for-the-eighth-time/
- https://polito.uz/14401/
- https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-technology/wireless-networks/14052-uzbektelecom-taps-huawei-and-zte-for-major-expansion-programme.html
- https://www.ponarseurasia.org/chinas-expanding-military-education-diplomacy-in-central-asia/
- https://english.cas.cn/newsroom/news/202310/t20231017_383902.shtml
- http://en.xjtu.edu.cn/2023-10/20/c_934826.htm
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202305/16/WS6462cabca310b6054fad3189.html
Supplementary Notes
During meetings held at the Beijing University of Foreign Languages and the Beijing University of Language and Culture, information was shared about the education reforms in Uzbekistan. Link Volunteer teachers have been teaching students at the Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies and collaborating with teachers in the Department of Chinese Philology to improve teaching methods and conversational practice. Link
- https://yuz.uz/en/news/rasshiryaetsya-sotrudnichestvo-mejdu-vuzami-uzbekistana-i-kitaya
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202305/16/WS6462cabca310b6054fad3189.html
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“INFORMATION ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE UZBEK-CHINESE CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE UNDER THE TASHKENT STATE UNIVERSITY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES” Link It is the Uzbek-Chinese Confucius Institute at the Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies that is considered the first Confucius Institute in the world. Confucius Institutes at the Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies (TashGIV) and the Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages have become key points for the study of Chinese culture and language. The first was opened back in 2005, and the second at the end of 2014. Link UZBEK-CHINESE INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER CONFUCIUS AT THE TASHKENT STATE UNIVERSITY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES General information Link The Confucius Institute of Tashkent Link The Confucius Institute at Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies (TSUOS) was launched on May 7, 2005, as the first Confucius Institute in Central Asia and one of the earliest globally. It has been recognized as a "Pioneer of Confucius Institutes" and awarded "Top 20 Confucius Institutes" twice. Link The second Confucius Institute in Uzbekistan was established in 2014, in partnership with Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages and Shanghai International Studies University. Link The Chinese Language Center CCN Uzbekistan was opened in Tashkent in 2018, with the support of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of Uzbekistan. Link
- https://tsuos.uz/ru/konfutsiy-nomidagi-ozbek-xitoy-instituti/
- https://www.podrobno.uz/cat/uzbekistan-i-kitay-klyuchi-ot-budushchego/radi-obshcheniya-mezhdu-lyudmi-kak-instituty-konfutsiya-v-uzbekistane-stali-vazhneyshim-mestom-dlya-/
- https://learnchinese.uz/institut-imeni-konfucija/
- https://faoffice.lzu.edu.cn/newhdmbi/bas/col_detail.php?id=828&type=en
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/beltandroadinitiative/2017-03/30/content_28731593_2.htm
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Chinese will be the second foreign language taught in one of the schools in Samarkand. Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Samarkand State University and Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute are members of the University Alliance of the Silk Road.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Last year marked another landmark event in Sino-Uzbek cooperation in education with the opening of the Uzbek-Chinese Research Center at the Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies. Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Scientists from China and Uzbekistan recently discussed forms of public self-government. On July 9 in Beijing, at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, experts from both countries explored social self-government models. Uzbek representatives introduced the Chinese colleagues to the concept of "mahalla," which refers to a local community in the Islamic world where residents practice local self-governance. The meeting was covered on CCTV: Link Additionally, on January 25, Farkhad Tolipov, a geopolitics and regional security expert, discussed the evolving dynamics of Uzbekistan-China relations. For more details, visit: Link
- http://cctv.cntv.cn/2014/07/14/VIDE1405317243064162.shtml
- https://daryo.uz/en/2024/01/26/unlocking-uzbekistan-china-potential-insights-from-regional-security-expert
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the 2021-22 academic year, there were 72 Chinese study groups in fields such as Chinese literature, philology, Chinese history, Chinese philosophy, journalism, economics, and political science. Currently, there are 770 undergraduate students, 88 postgraduate students, and 15 doctoral candidates. From the 2022-23 academic year, postgraduate Chinese students are being taught under the "foreign economic activity (foreign trade)" program framework. For more details, visit: Link In 2014, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies became the first institution in Central Asia to launch a faculty of Chinese studies. The university occasionally receives material and technical equipment support from China. More information can be found here: Link
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202305/16/WS6462cabca310b6054fad3189.html
- https://yuz.uz/uz/news/xitoy-elchixonasi-toshkent-davlat-sharqshunoslik-universitetini-qollab-quvvatladi
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2023, China has become the top trade partner.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China is now the largest bilateral creditor in Uzbekistan, even though last year what Tashkent owes to China accounted for only 17.6% of the external debt.
Supplementary Notes
By 2020, Uzbekistan’s debt to China has reached $3 billion, or 20% of the country’s total foreign debt. Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The main areas of investment are processing and manufacturing (26%), real estate (10.4%), mineral extraction (10.2%), warehousing and logistics (7.2%), trade (3.8%), and education (2.8%). Link A Chinese conglomerate, Jinsheng Group, invested in a textile factory in Uzbekistan that became operational in 2017. With an annual output of 22,000 metric tons of cotton yarn, 95% of this factory’s products are exported, and half of them are sold to China. Foshan-based Xin Zhong Yuan Ceramics began a $150 million ceramics production line in Uzbekistan in 2017 due to cheap raw ceramic materials, low energy costs, and a large local consumer market. Link's%20share%20in,the%20country's%20total%20foreign%20debt.
- https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/
- https://www.eurasian-research.org/publication/economic-cooperation-between-uzbekistan-and-china/#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20China's%20share%20in,the%20country's%20total%20foreign%20debt
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2022, the bid was selected from Chinese companies GD Power Development and PowerChina for the construction of photovoltaic (solar) plants in Namangan. In February 2023, Uzbekistan signed two agreements with Energy China and Huaneng Renewables for the construction of solar photovoltaic and photoelectric power plants, respectively. Link The Uzbekistan Ministry of Energy has awarded contracts to a number of Chinese companies to build photovoltaic (PV) solar farms with a combined generating capacity of 4GW. Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-growing-economic-power-in-uzbekistan/
- https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/news/chinese-companies-invest-in-uzbekistan-solar-farms/?cf-view=
Supplementary Notes
China plans to build a solar panel production plant in Fergana in eastern Uzbekistan. Not surprisingly, Chinese companies prefer to invest in regions where energy demand is growing, such as the Namangan and Fergana regions, where electricity demand has increased by 40 percent. Link Uzbekistan and China discussed opportunities for extending industrial cooperation on the sidelines of the Tashkent International Investment Forum. The agenda of the event included issues of bilateral cooperation in the areas of investment, trade, innovation, digitalization, healthcare, and transport and logistics cooperation. Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-growing-economic-power-in-uzbekistan/
- https://miit.uz/en/news/uzbekistan-and-china-discussed-opportunities-for-extending-industrial-cooperation-on-the-sidelines-of-the-tashkent-international-investment-forum
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Joined in November 2016.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The participation of Uzbek companies is not listed on the following websites: Link Link Link
- https://srcic.org/silk-road-members/?page=1
- https://www.bricaistanbul.com/overview/brica-members/
- https://www.beltandroadglobalforum.com/en/member/forumfull
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
PSJB Trastbank, the Uzbek Republican Commodity Exchange, and China Zheshang Bank have signed a Memorandum of Understanding. Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As of October 2020, there is no free-trade pact for SCO member states. Link As of 2021, there are no free trade agreements (FTAs) between China and Central Asia. Link In September 2003, the heads of the SCO member states signed a 20-year Programme of Multilateral Trade and Economic Cooperation. As a long-term goal, the programme provides for the establishment of a free trade zone within the territory of the SCO member states; in the short term, it seeks to reinvigorate the process of creating a favorable environment for trade and investment. Link
- https://aric.adb.org/fta/shanghai-cooperation-organization-free-trade-agreement
- https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-and-central-asia-bilateral-trade-relationships-and-future-outlook/
- https://eng.sectsco.org/20231127/1168690.html
Supplementary Notes
In 2005, China and Uzbekistan signed the “China-Uzbek Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation,” a bilateral treaty containing several initiatives, including cooperation on the economy, trade, counterterrorism, and anti-drug trafficking, among other measures. Link =China%2DUzbekistan%20relations,-China%20and%20Uzbekistan&text=In%202005%2C%20China%20and%20Uzbekistan,drug%20trafficking%2C%20among%20other%20measures Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments Link The First Deputy Minister of Investments and Foreign Trade of Uzbekistan has proposed that Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) countries develop an action plan to promote mutual investment. Link China is willing to work with Uzbekistan to promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, and the two countries will negotiate and sign the Plan on Trade and Investment Cooperation between China and Uzbekistan (2022-2026). Link
- https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/#:~
- https://invest.gov.uz/investor/russkij-dvustoronnie-dogovora/
- https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2022/08/17/uzbekistan-asks-shanghai-cooperation-organisation-to-establish-mutual-investment-action-plans/
- https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Creates a new special economic zone and expands the existing one On September 13, 2019, a Presidential Decree established the Chirokchi Special Economic Zone in the Kashkadarya region for 30 years. The aim is to promote modern production facilities for the creation of high value-added products and to increase agricultural production and exports. Investors in the new zone will benefit from special tax, customs, and currency regimes. Link The Uzbek company Roodell has started assembling models from the Chinese company Chery at the ADM-Jizzakh plant located in the Jizzakh Free Economic Zone in eastern Uzbekistan. Link
- https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-policy-monitor/measures/3451/uzbekistan-creates-a-new-special-economic-zone-and-expands-the-existing-one
- https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-growing-economic-power-in-uzbekistan/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan isn't indicated.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Uzbek trade unions have had contacts with 40 trade unions around the world and maintain regular exchanges with unions from the CIS. The FTUU has not had relations with the World Federation of Trade Unions (the international trade union center covering trade unions in former communist countries) for the last four years and has withdrawn from membership in the GCTU. The FTUU is interested in establishing contacts with Western countries due to changes in its economic structures and investments by multinational companies. It maintains close links with the ACFTU in China and has contacts with the CGT in France, CGIL in Italy, Turk-Is and Hak-Is in Turkey, and Histadrut in Israel.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Shaanxi Women's Delegation Visits Uzbekistan. Gong Xiaoyan signed a letter of intent with the Dungan Cultural Center in Uzbekistan on establishing the Silk Road Women's Home (2018). Link The Development Strategy Center received a Chinese delegation led by Wang Jinsheng, Vice Chairman of the China Writers Association. Zhang Kangkang also participated in the meeting. The negotiations highlighted the ongoing reforms in Uzbekistan within the framework of the Action Strategy, the current state of Uzbek-Chinese relations, and prospects for further cooperation. Link Ma Wei is a member of the China Artists Association, Vice Chairman of the Qiqihar City Artists Association, Visiting Professor at the Uzbekistan Academy of Arts and Sciences, and an Honorary Member of the Kazakhstan Artists Association. Link “Masterpieces of Nature of Uzbekistan and China” was organized by the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection, and Climate Change, together with the Academy of Arts, the State Museum of Art, the State Museum of History of Uzbekistan, the Association of Chinese Entrepreneurs in Uzbekistan, the Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Company Limited, and the Shanghai Construction Group. Link
- https://www.womenofchina.cn/servlet/Node?node=18128647&pos=1
- https://strategy.uz/index.php?news=612&lang=en
- http://www.peace-art.org/english/index.php/detail/752.html
- https://uza.uz/en/posts/masterpieces-of-nature-in-uzbekistan-and-china_533283
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
China donates medical supplies to Uzbekistan to help fight COVID-19. Link The Chinese Embassy in Uzbekistan donated computer equipment to Uzbekistan's University of World Economy and Diplomacy. Link
- http://english.www.gov.cn/news/internationalexchanges/202003/31/content_WS5e829cdec6d0c201c2cbfd30.html
- https://china.aiddata.org/projects/53840/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Days of Chinese Cinema was held in Tashkent from September 7 to 10, 2015, according to the national agency Uzbekkino. Link Uzbekistan received Chinese films and TV series in 2018. Link
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/33436
- https://yep.uz/2018/12/uzbekistan-segodnja-poluchil-kitajskie-filmy-i-serialy/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
TikTok in top five
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The festival of Chinese language and culture took place in Tashkent as part of the Chinese Language Day. Link The “Day of Culture of the People’s Republic of China in Uzbekistan” was held. Link Uzbekistan presented 20 museum exhibits at the cultural exhibition in China: “Colorful Asia: Exhibition of Asian Costumes.” Link
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/80473
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/84362
- https://uzbek-travel.com/about-uzbekistan/news/uzbekistan-presented-20-museum-exhibits-at-the-cultural-exhibition-in-china-colorful-asia-exhibition-of-asian-costumes/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan’s hardest-working students see China as a promising alternative to America and Europe. They often learn about opportunities on social media. Link Yet even in Uzbekistan, the positive perception appears to be waning. Whereas 65 percent of Uzbeks said they “strongly support” Chinese energy and infrastructure development last year, now only 48 percent do. Those who count themselves as “strongly opposed” grew from 2 percent to 10 percent. Indeed, for each question where two years of data were available, Uzbeks grew more skeptical toward China in 2020. Link
- https://eurasianet.org/for-coveted-spots-in-china-uzbek-students-study-like-crazy
- https://eurasianet.org/poll-shows-uzbeks-like-neighbors-growing-leery-of-chinese-investments
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
When it comes to arms exports in Central Asia, China has provided a significant 18 percent of the region’s arms over the past five years (compared to only 1.5 percent in 2010–2014) and has overtaken Russia in arms exports to Uzbekistan. The most recent Chinese platform acquired by Uzbekistan is the shoulder-fired AD missile system QW-18 in 2019, but Uzbekistan was also the first country to receive Wing Loong-I drones from China in 2014.
Supplementary Notes
China has reportedly provided both Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan with sophisticated air defense systems (HQ-9 air defense system), which would represent the largest Chinese military equipment deal thus far in Central Asia. Link In November 2019, Uzbekistan’s Air Defense Force successfully tested China’s FD-2000 medium-range air-defense system on a target drone… Uzbekistan (2014) has purchased a number of Wing Loongs from China. Link August 19, 2021. Interfax – “The State Committee for the Defense Industry of Uzbekistan intends to develop cooperation with China in the field of armaments, military equipment, and technology, the press service of the department said on Thursday. According to her, a delegation of the Main Directorate for the Development of Arms and Military Equipment of the Central Military Council of China arrived in Tashkent. During the visit, the officials of Uzbekistan and China will discuss existing and future cooperation projects in the field of armaments, military equipment, and technologies, the timing of their implementation, and the systematic development of cooperation," the report says. The Chinese delegation was introduced to military and dual-use products manufactured by enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Uzbekistan. Earlier, under the program of modernization and equipping of units of the Ministry of Defense of Uzbekistan, the troops received new specialized military equipment and weapons from China.” Link China provided Uzbekistan’s military with humanitarian aid to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Uzbekistan was the first Central Asian country to receive the Chinese-manufactured Wing Loong I military drone. In addition, Tashkent tested its shoulder-fired anti-aircraft missile system from China in 2019. Link
- https://eurasianet.org/has-china-made-its-first-big-military-sale-in-central-asia
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
- https://www.militarynews.ru/story.asp?rid=1&nid=555468&lang=RU
- https://www.caspianpolicy.org/research/security-and-politics-program-spp/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-relations
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia - Uzbekistan is listed as a member state. Link On October 13, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev spoke at a meeting of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA). Link
- https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states
- https://kun.uz/en/news/2022/10/14/communication-and-trust-have-decreased-to-an-unprecedented-level-shavkat-mirziyoyev-delivers-a-speech-at-cica-summit
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The State Committee for the Defense Industry of Uzbekistan intends to involve Chinese technologies in joint projects, according to the department's press service. A delegation from the Main Directorate for the Development of Arms and Military Equipment of the Central Military Council of the People's Republic of China is currently in Tashkent. During the visit, Uzbek and Chinese officials will discuss existing and future cooperation projects in the fields of weapons, military equipment, and technologies. They will also address the timing of these projects and the systematic development of cooperation. The Chinese delegation has already been introduced to military and dual-use products manufactured by Uzbekistan's military-industrial complex.
Supplementary Notes
Beijing is also funding language courses at Uzbekistan’s National Guard’s Military-Technical Institute. The Chinese military, the People’s Liberation Army, has established educational exchanges with the Uzbek Armed Forces Academy. The People’s Liberation Army National Defence University (PLA NDU) and the Armed Forces Academy of Uzbekistan are cooperating on educational exchanges. Students and staff of the Military-Technical Institute of the National Guard of Uzbekistan are taking Chinese-language classes to build proficiency, in case they have the opportunity to study in China. Link Link
- https://www.caspianpolicy.org/research/security-and-politics-program-spp/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-relations
- https://nesa-center.org/dev/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2022-0426_Chinas-New-Military-Posture-in-Central-Asia.pdf
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China provided Uzbekistan’s military with humanitarian aid to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
2018 - A delegation of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan visited the National Defense University of China. Then the representatives of the countries decided to establish cooperation between the military universities of the two states. Link 2021 - In the past decade, Chinese universities have been inviting mid- and senior-level military officers from Central Asia and other countries in Eurasia. Chinese military education programs are especially attractive to officers from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, which have limited access to Russian military training. Chinese universities offer dozens of slots for students from Uzbekistan, but Tashkent only takes one-third of them. Students and staff of the Military-Technical Institute of the National Guard of Uzbekistan take Chinese-language classes to build proficiency in case they have an opportunity to study in China. Link Uzbekistan has now educated its senior military officials at Chinese universities. The People’s Liberation Army National Defence University (PLA NDU) and the Armed Forces Academy of Uzbekistan are cooperating on educational exchange. Students and staff of the Military-Technical Institute of the National Guard of Uzbekistan take Chinese-language classes to build proficiency, in case they have an opportunity to study in China. The Chinese PAP has trained local police officers from Uzbekistan in counterterrorism operations using the Cooperation 2019 series. Link In 2022 Uzbekistan participated in PLA Bilateral and Multilateral Exercises (International Army Games 2022: Multinational Military Skills Competition). Link Joint exercises within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization - China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in June 2001, in order to maintain the geopolitical status quo, pledging to fight the ‘three evils’ of terrorism, separatism, and extremism. Link In the past decade, Chinese universities have been inviting mid and senior-level military officers from Central Asia and other countries in Eurasia. Chinese military education programs are especially attractive to officers from Uzbekistan.
- https://uz.sputniknews.ru/20190515/Kitaytsy-perenimayut-opyt-obucheniya-uzbekskikh-voennykh-11507720.html
- https://www.ponarseurasia.org/chinas-expanding-military-education-diplomacy-in-central-asia/
- https://nesa-center.org/dev/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2022-0426_Chinas-New-Military-Posture-in-Central-Asia.pdf
- https://media.defense.gov/2023/Oct/19/2003323409/-1/-1/1/2023-MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA.PDF
- https://www.gisreportsonline.com/china-is-winning-the-new-great-game-in-central-asia,politics,1782.html
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
China's military official meets Uzbekistan minister Link China, Uzbekistan vow to strengthen military cooperation Link
- http://en.people.cn/90786/8406816.html
- http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CHINA_209163/TopStories_209189/8012465.html
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China has also begun expanding its military ties with the region, conducting bilateral military exercises with the Central Asian countries bordering Afghanistan and forming the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in 2001, a Beijing-led security bloc that also includes Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, India, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Link All of the Chinese military's 17 teams with weapons and equipment have arrived at their venues in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, and Iran on Tuesday for the upcoming International Army Games 2021. More than 700 Chinese troops from the ground, naval, and air forces, as well as the strategic support force and the joint logistics support force, will participate in 17 competitions in the four countries. Link In 2022, Uzbekistan participated in PLA Bilateral and Multilateral Exercises (International Army Games 2022: Multinational Military Skills Competition) Link
- https://rus.azattyq.org/a/tajikistan-china-war-on-terror-afghan/31512961.html
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-08/17/c_1310132883.htm
- https://media.defense.gov/2023/Oct/19/2003323409/-1/-1/1/2023-MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA.PDF
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan’s Academy of the Ministry of Interior Affairs (MIA) and the People’s Public Security University of China, run by China’s powerful Ministry of Public Security, have been official partners since May 2017. Since then, China has hosted 213 Uzbek MIA employees over the course of 38 meetings for security briefings on counterterrorism and drug trafficking. Link Uzbekistan is listed in China’s extradition treaties. Link
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
- https://academic.oup.com/irap/article/24/1/101/7136001
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan’s Academy of the Ministry of Interior Affairs (MIA) and the People’s Public Security University of China, run by China’s powerful Ministry of Public Security, have been official partners since May 2017. Since then, China has hosted 213 Uzbek MIA employees over the course of 38 meetings for security briefings on counterterrorism and drug trafficking. Link The Uzbekistan National Guard and the Chinese People’s Armed Police (PAP) held their largest bilateral exercise at the “Forish” training ground in Uzbekistan in mid-May. The two conducted counterterrorism exercises focused on eliminating terrorists from a multi-story residential building and freeing hostages. The multi-day exercise also involved other public order exercises. China’s earlier cooperation with the guard started with the Ministry of Interior of Uzbekistan in 2016, when it was still part of the ministry. Beijing and Tashkent hosted several meetings focused on counterterrorism and maintaining public order. Tashkent’s concerns regarding domestic terrorism were prominent when, in the summer of 2018, various Uzbek forces, including the National Guard, held massive joint counterterrorism exercises in the country’s large cities. Link
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/05/uzbekistan-leans-on-china-for-public-security-cooperation/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The main education facility for the country’s police forces—equivalent to a police academy—and the People’s Public Security University of China, the elite police academy under China’s Ministry of Public Security, have been partners since May 15, 2017, when they signed a formal memorandum of cooperation. Link Meiya Pico (廈門市美亞柏科信息股份有限公司) from Xiamen city provides training for the local police. Link Link Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/uzbekistan-looks-to-china-for-policing-experience/
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2195
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2172
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2171
Supplementary Notes
Zhao expressed his hope that the two sides will earnestly implement the important consensus of the two heads of state, strengthen practical cooperation in such fields as security of major events, combating the "three forces," de-extremism, and law enforcement capacity building. Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Central Asia: Report accuses Chinese hackers of attacking Uzbek Foreign Ministry’s servers
Supplementary Notes
Cyber Espionage on Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan by Chinese-speaking Hacker Group Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan is indicated in the list Link At least one police station operated by the Fuzhou Public Security Bureau is situated in Syr Darya, Uzbekistan, according to Safeguard Defenders. The report "introduces evidence of the widespread Chinese practice of trans-national repression," said Nigara Khidoyatova, an Uzbek political analyst living in the United States. Link
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_police_overseas_service_stations
- https://central.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_ca/features/2023/04/26/feature-02
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
But disaster struck on March 27 when Celil was detained by Uzbek authorities apparently acting on a request from China. Link Uzbekistan’s invisible Uighurs: The plight of Uighurs is object of an unspoken policy of censorship. Link Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan have all purchased cameras from Chinese corporations to monitor traffic and their citizens, in a bid to create “smart cities.” This technology, already used to track the movements of Uyghurs in their homeland, is proliferating worldwide. Link
- https://www.rferl.org/a/1069583.html
- https://eurasianet.org/uzbekistans-invisible-uighurs
- https://uhrp.org/report/no-space-left-to-run-chinas-transnational-repression-of-uyghurs/
Supplementary Notes
Uzbekistan urged not to hand ethnic Kazakh over to China Link The mysterious case of the missing Kazakh refugee Link Uzbekistan – Uighurs – Discrimination – Forcible return to China – Separatist movements Link
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uzbekistan-china-businessman-idUSKCN1PX1H1/
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/02/the-mysterious-case-of-the-missing-kazakh-refugee/
- https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1239103/2016_1298901616_uzb35765.pdf
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Three incidents of repression is indicated in Uzbekistan Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2009, the two countries signed a new agreement under which Beijing provided $3.7 million to the Uzbek authorities to equip its border crossings with mobile scanning systems. Link This April, Huawei closed a $1 billion deal with Uzbekistan to build a traffic-monitoring system involving approximately 883 cameras. (2019) Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/military-cooperation-between-china-and-central-asia-breakthrough-limits-and-prospects/
- https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/15/huawei-xinjiang-kazakhstan-uzbekistan-china-surveillance-state-eyes-central-asia/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
According to a number of Chinese online news sites, China Mobile is considering buying a stake in Uzbektelecom. Executives from the Chinese telecom company are reported to have visited Uzbekistan last month for meetings with the local regulator and government officials. Last year, the Uzbekistan government revealed plans to sell between 49% and 64.2% of the national PTO to overseas investors. Russia’s Golden Telecom, Korea Telecom, and Israel’s Solan Communications have also expressed interest. Solan Communications has valued the stake at USD 50 million. (Officially, it has not been approved.) Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Central Asia, China’s investments in digital networks are often overlooked, with most attention focused on large-scale infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, and pipelines. However, China’s 5G investments in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan are becoming a significant component of Beijing's infrastructure development efforts in the region. China’s largest telecommunications company, Huawei, is leading digital infrastructure engagement in the area. Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev visited Huawei’s Innovation Center during his trip to China for the Belt and Road Forum in April 2019. He supported the introduction of 5G technology in Uzbekistan, and since then, digital cooperation between the countries has accelerated. All three state-operated Uzbek cell phone companies have deepened 5G cooperation with Huawei. Two of these companies, Uzmobile and Ucell, tested 5G networks in 2019 with plans to launch the service commercially in 2020. The third company, UMS, agreed with Huawei to invest in new technology. In 2019, Huawei announced that its technology enabled communication for more than half of Uzbekistan's population and celebrated its 19th year in Uzbekistan’s market. Link In Uzbekistan, ZTE has been operating since 2004 as a representative office and since 2008 as a foreign limited liability company—FE LLC ZTE Investment. The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) is a priority for Uzbekistan. Foreign investment and company involvement in ICT contribute to market liberalization and increased competition. As a result of attracting foreign investment, various joint ventures and projects are in operation. One such project is the launch of a technological line for the production of DSLAM equipment and ADSL modems in the Navoi Free Industrial Economic Zone, a collaboration between Uzbektelecom and ZTE. Link Uzbekistan’s state-backed provider of fixed and mobile services, Uzbektelecom, has signed multiple new deals with Chinese vendors Huawei and ZTE. Link In 2022, Huawei International PTE Ltd. and ZTE Corporation, along with Uzbektelecom JSC, signed a total of eight contracts. These included: - Installation of 2,255 standard 3G/4G base stations - Expansion and modernization of 3,216 3G/4G base stations - Connection of 388 new base stations with 5G standards - Expansion of 337,408 broadband facilities - Installation of radio relay devices at 1,050 intervals - Installation of 42 hybrid power stations and 292 diesel generators - Capacity expansion of DWDM and IP/MPLS devices Link Mobiuz received a soft loan of USD 150 million from the Chinese state in August 2019 to help the operator invest in its network until 2023, including substantial equipment overhauls, nationwide 3G and 4G coverage expansion, internet upgrades, and the implementation of 5G—all using equipment provided by Huawei. Link In Tashkent, Uzbekistan, the national mobile operator Uzmobile has begun testing 5G technology. Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/before-and-beyond-5g-central-asias-huawei-connections/
- http://zte.ru/company/zte-in-uzbekistan/
- https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-technology/wireless-networks/14052-uzbektelecom-taps-huawei-and-zte-for-major-expansion-programme.html
- https://kun.uz/en/news/2022/09/14/uzbekistan-develops-its-telecommunication-infrastructure-in-cooperation-with-china
- https://www.operatorwatch.com/2023/05/uzbekistan-is-toying-with-5g.html
- https://podrobno.uz/cat/obchestvo/uzmobile-nachal-testirovanie-5g-v-uzbekistane/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev visited Huawei’s Innovation Center while in China for the Belt and Road Forum in April 2019. He supported the introduction of 5G technology into Uzbekistan, and since then, digital cooperation between the countries has accelerated. All three state-operated Uzbek cell phone companies have deepened 5G cooperation with Huawei. Two of the companies, Uzmobile and Ucell, tested the 5G networks in 2019 with plans to roll out the service commercially in 2020. The third cell phone company, UMS, agreed with Huawei to invest in new technology. In 2019, Huawei announced that its technology enabled communication for more than half of Uzbekistan's population and celebrated its 19th year in the Uzbek market. Link =All%20three%20state%2Doperated%20Uzbek,to%20invest%20in%20new%20technology The state-owned telecommunications company, Uztelecom, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to improve mainline services. The conversion to digital exchanges was completed in 2010. Mobile services have grown rapidly, with the subscriber base reaching 25 million in 2011. Link China Mobile will monitor the capitalization of Uzbekistan Telecom and visit the country again later this year, according to the Economic and Commercial Counsellor's Office of the Chinese Embassy in Uzbekistan. Last year (2004), Uzbekistan regulators announced plans to sell a 49% to 64.2% stake in Uzbekistan Telecom to foreign investors. Link An investigation by EurasiaNet.org focusing on ZTE and Huawei’s penetration of the Central Asian telecom sector shows that these companies, with backing from the Chinese government, have secured contracts in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Link Huawei International PTE Ltd. and ZTE Corporation, along with Uzbektelecom JSC, signed a total of eight contracts in 2022, including: - Installation of 2,255 standard 3G/4G base stations - Expansion and modernization of 3,216 3G/4G base stations - Connection of 388 new base stations with 5G standards - Expansion to 337,408 broadband facilities - Installation of radio relay devices at 1,050 intervals - Installation of 42 hybrid power stations and 292 diesel generators - Capacity expansion of DWDM and IP/MPLS devices Link Huawei signed another deal to work with local partners Uzmobile and Ucell to develop Uzbekistan’s 5G network. This deal, worth $18 million, was also partially financed by the China Development Bank. Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/before-and-beyond-5g-central-asias-huawei-connections/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uzbekistan
- http://www.china.org.cn/english/BAT/137912.htm
- https://eurasianet.org/central-asia-are-chinese-telecoms-acting-as-the-ears-for-central-asian-authoritarians
- https://kun.uz/en/news/2022/09/14/uzbekistan-develops-its-telecommunication-infrastructure-in-cooperation-with-china
- https://jamestown.org/program/tracking-the-digital-component-of-the-bri-in-central-asia-part-one-exporting-safe-cities-to-uzbekistan/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"In order to further develop the telecommunication infrastructure in the republic, an agreement was reached on the implementation of four investment projects with a total value of more than $506.8 million," the report stated. The projects aim to achieve full coverage with high-speed mobile Internet on highways of international importance and railways across the country. Additionally, base stations of the fifth-generation (5G) standard will be installed in the city of Tashkent and all regional centers, and the capacity of data transmission and highway transport networks will be expanded. Link Uzbekistan and China are creating a joint venture to implement the Safe City project. The latest billion-dollar agreement will cover projects beyond city surveillance systems, including the development of electronic governance, IT, and telemedicine. Link Beijing, October 17, 2023 (TDI): A memorandum of cooperation was signed between the Ministry of Digital Technologies of Uzbekistan and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China on October 16 in Beijing. The memorandum aims to strengthen cooperation in the fields of information and technology. Link
- https://kun.uz/en/news/2022/09/14/uzbekistan-develops-its-telecommunication-infrastructure-in-cooperation-with-china
- https://podrobno.uz/cat/uzbekistan-i-kitay-klyuchi-ot-budushchego/uzbekistan-i-kitay-sozdali-sp-dlya-realizatsii-proekta-bezopasnyy/
- https://thediplomaticinsight.com/uzbekistan-china-to-fortify-technological-cooperation/
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/china-dominates-digital-infrastructure-in-uzbekistan/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2018, Huawei Tech Investment Tashkent, in collaboration with the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the Development of Tourism and the Uzbek Ministry of Internal Affairs, agreed to implement a “Safe Tourism” pilot project in the city of Bukhara. The “Safe Tourism” project is part of the larger “Safe City” concept and includes solutions such as creating a converged command center, establishing a unified LTE communication network, setting up a data center, and deploying high-definition video cameras with face recognition capabilities and big data analysis software to optimize urban management. Link Beijing, October 17, 2023 (TDI): A memorandum of cooperation was signed between the Ministry of Digital Technologies of Uzbekistan and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China on October 16 in Beijing. The memorandum aims to strengthen cooperation in the fields of information and technology. Link Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan have all purchased cameras from Chinese corporations to monitor traffic and their citizens as part of efforts to create “smart cities.” This technology, which is also used to track the movements of Uyghurs in their homeland, is spreading worldwide. Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/tracking-the-digital-component-of-the-bri-in-central-asia-part-one-exporting-safe-cities-to-uzbekistan/
- https://thediplomaticinsight.com/uzbekistan-china-to-fortify-technological-cooperation/
- https://uhrp.org/report/no-space-left-to-run-chinas-transnational-repression-of-uyghurs/
Supplementary Notes
The Fifth Meeting of the Sub-Committee on Science and Technology Cooperation of the China-Uzbekistan Intergovernmental Cooperation Committee was successfully held. During the meeting, both sides exchanged information on their domestic policies in the fields of science, technology, and innovation, as well as their latest science and technology development plans. They reviewed R&D cooperation and agreed to select a new round of jointly funded intergovernmental R&D projects. The meeting also covered the progress of cooperation in combating COVID-19, the building of cooperation platforms, including joint laboratories and joint R&D centers, and agreed to further strengthen coordination and cooperation within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Link In 2017, Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev (who took office in 2016) declared the launch of a national Safe City initiative. The program aimed to achieve the digital transformation of Uzbekistan across several strategic dimensions, including security, public surveillance, and the digitization of key sectors of the local economy. According to Uzbek reports, the program would be implemented in three main stages. During the first stage (2017 – 2019), Safe City technologies were to be implemented in the capital city of Tashkent, with a focus on increasing various surveillance systems, data collection, automation, and speeding up reports on criminal activities. The second stage (2019 – 2021) planned to expand the Safe City program to all other districts and major cities throughout Uzbekistan. In the third stage (2021 – 2023), the project aimed to be adopted nationwide. Link
- http://en.most.gov.cn/pressroom/202107/t20210719_175961.htm
- https://jamestown.org/program/tracking-the-digital-component-of-the-bri-in-central-asia-part-one-exporting-safe-cities-to-uzbekistan/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2018, Huawei Tech Investment Tashkent, in collaboration with the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Development of Tourism and the Uzbek Ministry of Internal Affairs, agreed to implement a “Safe Tourism” pilot project in the city of Bukhara. Link Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Development of Information Technologies and Communications, along with China’s CITIC Group and Henan Costar Group, signed an agreement in 2019 to implement Uzbekistan’s “Safe City” project. Link Tashkent has entered into an agreement with Huawei and CITIC Guoan Information Technology to develop Uzbekistan’s digital infrastructure through the “Safe City” and “Smart City” projects. Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/tracking-the-digital-component-of-the-bri-in-central-asia-part-one-exporting-safe-cities-to-uzbekistan/
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/china-dominates-digital-infrastructure-in-uzbekistan/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
China plans a $500 million subsea internet cable to rival a U.S.-backed project. Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
With the assistance of Chinese entrepreneurs in Uzbekistan, the production of electrical products, mobile phones, and construction equipment has been established. Huawei has implemented 20 projects for the development of telecommunication networks in Tashkent and various regions of Uzbekistan. Additionally, modems, smartphones, and other equipment produced in collaboration with ZTE Corporation are in high demand both domestically and internationally.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
IT Park Uzbekistan and TUZ Ventures signed a partnership agreement to stimulate the development of technology sector startups, focusing on FinTech, logistics, e-commerce, and artificial intelligence. As part of this agreement, the partners will develop an analytical report on the current state of the startup market in Uzbekistan. IT Park is a complex of facilities, buildings, and structures designed to support the launch and rollout of promising startup projects. It operates as an extraterritorial free economic zone for IT companies, offering integration with scientific and educational organizations. IT Park provides a platform for talented individuals in the IT sector to turn their ideas into real business projects, with support in accounting, legal matters, marketing, and education. Link On October 16, 2023, a memorandum of cooperation was signed between the Ministry of Digital Technologies of Uzbekistan and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technologies of the People's Republic of China in Beijing. The agreement aims to enhance cooperation in the fields of information and technology. Link
- https://it-park.uz/index.php/en/itpark/news/it-park-and-tuz-ventures-to-create-a-report-on-uzbekistan-startup-market
- https://thediplomaticinsight.com/uzbekistan-china-to-fortify-technological-cooperation/
Supplementary Notes
China and Uzbekistan are advancing a joint venture in Uzbekistan focused on producing electric and hybrid vehicles. During his visit to Uzbekistan, Wang met with Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to discuss expanding the joint venture's operations, including increasing parts localization and boosting exports. This Uzbek-based venture is part of a broader strategy to position BYD as a global leader in the electric vehicle market. Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The Uzbekcosmos Agency recently held a meeting with the China Satellite Navigation Agency (CSNO). During the meeting, both sides discussed areas of bilateral cooperation and the establishment of a cooperation mechanism. They also reviewed the Memorandum of Understanding and agreed on the signing procedure. Uzbekistan is planning to advance its space exploration efforts with assistance from China. For more details, you can check the sources: Link Link
- https://uzspace.uz/en/news/view/122
- https://kun.uz/en/news/2019/02/04/uzbekistan-plans-to-explore-the-cosmos-with-assistance-of-china
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
At the China-Central Asia Cooperation Forum held in Nanning, agreements were reached to enhance the research and application of the BeiDou system in areas such as transport, precision agriculture, and disaster relief. Sakhob Mamasadikov, Deputy Director of the State Unitary Enterprise in Uzbekistan, highlighted the promising prospects of China’s BeiDou system for sectors like transport, railway management, agriculture, and digital communication. Additionally, a China-Central Asia BeiDou navigation forum opened in NW China, attended by representatives from China and Central Asian countries, including Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan, as well as international organizations. On September 7, 2021, Uzbekkosmos held a meeting with the Chinese Satellite Navigation Administration (CSNO). The Chinese side provided an overview of the BeiDou satellite navigation system’s development and applications. For more details, refer to the sources: 1. China-Central Asia Cooperation Forum agreements: Link 2. China-Central Asia Beidou navigation forum: Link 3. Meeting between Uzbekkosmos and CSNO: Link
- https://kun.uz/en/75348248?q=%2Fen%2F75348248
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/68817
- https://uzspace.uz/en/news/view/122
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Cooperation agreements have been signed between the regions of Uzbekistan and China. For more details, visit: Link Uzbekistan and China have adopted a comprehensive economic partnership program, signing 41 documents and concluding deals worth US$25 billion between Chinese and Uzbek businesses. More information is available here: Link A memorandum of cooperation on the implementation of investment projects in the livestock sector of Samarkand region can be found at: Link
- https://miit.uz/en/news/cooperation-agreements-have-been-signed-between-the-regions-of-uzbekistan-and-china
- https://www.newscentralasia.net/2023/05/18/uzbekistan-and-china-adopt-a-comprehensive-economic-partnership-program-41-documents-signed-chinese-and-uzbek-businesses-conclude-deals-worth-us25-billion/
- https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj288Kk9NSCAxUpSPEDHS6UCg0QFnoECBkQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkostalegal.com%2Fpublications%2Fdownload%2F64_832e64d26382e5966919129eb09b4b61&usg=AOvVaw2hswCcJxHPvirfqvRWjVFY&opi=89978449
Supplementary Notes
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME Link President Xi Jinping and his Uzbek counterpart, Islam Karimov, signed agreements worth USD 15 billion in key sectors, including the exploitation of oil, gas, and uranium fields in the Central Asian state. Link China and Uzbekistan sign agreements worth USD 15 billion in Samarkand Link An agreement on a 250 million yuan aid package, worth USD 37.4 million, was signed by Aziz Voitov, Uzbekistan’s Deputy Minister of Investment and Foreign Trade, and Chinese Ambassador Jiang Yan on May 24. Link The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, and the President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping, signed a Joint Statement and adopted a Program of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in a New Era between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People’s Republic of China for 2023-2027. Link Cooperation agreements have been signed between the regions of Uzbekistan and China. On March 29 this year, under the organizational support of the Ministry of Investment, Industry and Trade, a ceremony was held to sign bilateral agreements on cooperation in the fields of energy and trade between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China. Link On October 16, 2023, a memorandum of cooperation was signed between the Ministry of Digital Technologies of Uzbekistan and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technologies of the People’s Republic of China in Beijing, aiming to strengthen cooperation in the fields of information and technology. Link
- http://www.chinatax.gov.cn/n810341/n810770/c1153533/5027037/files/c97a6134e42846119a8bcef885816ba9.pdf
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1307127/china-uzbekistan-sign-agreements-worth-us
- https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/china-uzbekistan-sign-agreements-worth-15b-in-samarkand/2686218
- https://eurasianet.org/uzbekistan-china-comes-bearing-gifts
- https://president.uz/en/lists/view/6345
- https://miit.uz/en/news/cooperation-agreements-have-been-signed-between-the-regions-of-uzbekistan-and-china
- https://thediplomaticinsight.com/uzbekistan-china-to-fortify-technological-cooperation/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Samarkand and Tashkent cities have established sister city relationships with Xian and Shanghai, respectively.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Experts from the International Institute for Central Asia (IICA), along with representatives from national research centers in Uzbekistan—including the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (ISRS), the Information and Analytical Center for International Relations (IACIR), and the Center for Economic Research and Reforms under the Presidential Administration (CERR)—held meetings in Beijing with Chinese analytical circles.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Xinhua news agency published an article on the participation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, in the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing on February 4-5. Thanks to the personal relationship between the leaders of the two countries, favorable conditions have been created for promoting multifaceted long-term cooperation between Uzbekistan and China, the material emphasizes. Link Wang Yi had a brief meeting with Uzbek Acting Foreign Minister Bakhtiyor Saidov. Link On the afternoon of October 8, 2023, Premier Li Qiang of the State Council met in Hangzhou with Prime Minister of Uzbekistan Abdulla Aripov, who was in China to attend the closing ceremony of the 19th Asian Games. Link Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev had a working visit to Beijing on October 17-18 and met with Chinese President Xi Jinping. Link The President of Uzbekistan, with his spouse, attended the ceremonial meeting of participants of the Third Belt and Road International Forum. Link Tang Renjian, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, met with Jamshid Kuchkarov, Deputy Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, in Beijing on April 18, 2023. Link
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/71332
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/202302/t20230216_11025891.html
- http://bs.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgxw/202310/t20231013_11160325.htm
- https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/95482/
- https://president.uz/en/lists/view/6780
- http://english.moa.gov.cn/news_522/202304/t20230420_301111.html
Supplementary Notes
Chinese President Xi Jinping and his Uzbek counterpart Islam Karimov shook hands during a June 22 meeting. In his speech to the Uzbek parliament on the same day, Karimov said that he had heard the truth that extended a hand in difficult times, although he did not specify which meetings in Beijing would help each point. Link Notice on Press Coverage for Prime Minister of The Republic of Uzbekistan Abdulla Aripov's Visit to China: Link From 2017 to the start of the pandemic in early 2020, leading officials of all 14 regions of Uzbekistan have been invited to and visited various provinces and large cities of China. Link
- https://russian.eurasianet.org/node/63196
- http://ipc.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gdxw/201908/t20190821_736994.htm
- https://globalvoices.org/2022/11/28/china-in-uzbek-media-friend-or-foe/
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese President Xi Jinping on Saturday met with Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, calling on both sides to seize opportunities to consolidate and strengthen bilateral comprehensive cooperation and bring more benefits to the two peoples. Link From 8 to 10 September, President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to Uzbekistan. He held talks with Uzbek President Islam Karimov and visited the historical and cultural city of Samarkand with President Karimov's company. The two presidents signed and issued the Joint Declaration Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan on Further Developing and Deepening the Strategic Partnership and signed the Treaty on Friendship and Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Link Li Keqiang Arrives in Tashkent to Attend the 18th Meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Council of Heads of Government and Pay an Official Visit to Uzbekistan Link Shavkat Mirziyaev has arrived in China to pay his first official visit to that country as Uzbekistan's president. Link China welcomed the Uzbek president, Islam Karimov, to a summit meeting yesterday, saying the two countries stood united against terrorism. Link On May 12, the second China+Central Asia (C+C5) Foreign Ministers’ Meeting was held in Xi’an City, a capital of Shaanxi Province, located in northwest China. The discussion focused on the pandemic and related matters, economic cooperation as well as regional security with an emphasis on the case of Afghanistan. Link Meeting with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China Link In a recent meeting at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in Beijing, Uzbekistan presented its “Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026.” The strategy, presented in the Chinese language, envisages Uzbekistan deepening its economic relations with China Link (2023) Uzbekistan delegation meets with representatives of Chinese government in Beijing (2023) Link President Xi Jinping Arrives in Samarkand to Begin State Visit to Uzbekistan (2022) Link Wang Yi Meets with Uzbek Acting Foreign Minister Vladimir Norov (2022) Link On April 12, 2023, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev held a meeting in Tashkent with Member of the State Council, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China Qin Gang. Link The state visit of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev began on May 18 with bilateral negotiations with the Chairman of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping. The meeting with the participation of delegations of the two countries was held at the Shaanxi residence in Xi'an. Link On April 12, 2023 President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev received member of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, Minister of Foreign Affairs Qin Gang. Link President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev arrived on a working visit to Beijing on October 17. Shavkat Mirziyoyev will hold negotiations with Chinese President Xi Jinping and other officials and will speak at the International Forum “One Belt, One Road”. Link A delegation of Uzbekistan headed by Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Economic Development and Combating Poverty Jamshid Kuchkarov is on a visit to China and meets with representatives of Chinese government in Beijing Link On April 12, 2023, Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev met with State Councilor and Foreign Minister Qin Gang in Tashkent Link. Qin Gang held talks with Uzbek Acting Foreign Minister Bakhtiyor Saidov. Link. On October 8, 2023, Premier Li Qiang of the State Council met in Hangzhou with Prime Minister of Uzbekistan Abdulla Aripov who was in China to attend the closing ceremony of the 19th Asian Game. Link
- https://english.news.cn/20220205/9590f7fccc2c4ca6a6df29a935530cf2/c.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/dozys_664276/gjlb_664280/3255_664392/
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cebn//eng/zgxw/t1713366.htm
- https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-president-china-visit/28480763.html
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/26/china
- https://warsawinstitute.org/chinacentral-asia-cc5-meeting/
- https://sng.today/tashkent/17001-diplomaty-uzbekistana-i-kitaja-obsudili-perspektivy-razvitija-vsestoronnih-otnoshenij.html
- https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/china-and-uzbekistan-an-emerging-development-partnership/
- https://kun.uz/en/news/2023/04/20/uzbekistan-delegation-meets-with-representatives-of-chinese-government-in-beijing
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/3255_664392/3257_664396/202209/t20220915_10766231.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/202206/t20220608_10700327.html
- http://uz.china-embassy.gov.cn/rus/jrzg/zgyw/202304/t20230414_11059355.htm
- https://iiv.uz/ru/news/ozbekiston-va-xitoy-yetakchilari-har-tomonlama-strategik-sheriklikni-kengaytirishning-ustuvor-yonalishlarini-belgilab-oldilar
- https://president.uz/ru/lists/view/6151
- https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2023/10/17/arrival/
- https://kun.uz/en/news/2023/04/20/uzbekistan-delegation-meets-with-representatives-of-chinese-government-in-beijing
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb_663304/wjbz_663308/activities_663312/202304/t20230414_11059225.html#:~:text=On%20April%2012%2C%202023%20local,Minister%20Qin%20Gang%20in%20Tashkent
- http://no.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgwj_1/202310/t20231013_11160325.htm
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan spoke highly of China’s historic achievements and valuable experience in poverty alleviation. China is willing to share its own poverty reduction experience with Uzbekistan and help Uzbekistan train poverty reduction experts. Link President Mirziyoyev said that under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, China has overcome various challenges and made remarkable achievements, which Uzbekistan greatly admires. Link. Laziz Kudratov (Minister of Investments) said that by combining China's innovative technologies with Uzbekistan's resources, the two countries could improve energy efficiency and manufacture products with high-added value for export to other countries. Link Deputy PM Kuchkarov expressed his admiration for China’s remarkable achievements in poverty reduction and other fields. He said China’s poverty reduction experience is worth learning, and Uzbekistan is willing to work with China to propel bilateral cooperation in poverty reduction and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results, thus benefitting more people from both countries. Link
- https://www.america-times.com/joint-statement-between-the-peoples-republic-of-china-and-the-republic-of-uzbekistan/
- http://gr.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgyw/202310/t20231018_11162945.htm#:~:text=Mirziyoyev%20said%20that%20under%20the,achievements%2C%20which%20Uzbekistan%20greatly%20admires
- https://english.news.cn/20230518/864fd60c483c49b0bf4386affd74ae1d/c.html
- http://english.moa.gov.cn/news_522/202304/t20230420_301111.html
Supplementary Notes
At present, Uzbekistan-China relations have made great progress in the context of the pandemic, and bilateral trade and investment have grown rapidly, he said. The Uzbek president thanked China for providing timely support to Uzbekistan in fighting the pandemic. Mirziyoyev said his country is willing to take the opportunity of celebrating the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries to formulate a new five-year cooperation plan with China to inject new impetus into bilateral cooperation. Link China-Uzbek relations began to pick up speed with the appointment of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev in 2016. The significant market liberalization and economic reforms implemented by the new president have made the country one of the five fastest growing in the world, giving a boost to bilateral ties as China’s goals for regional development align with Uzbekistan’s economic ambitions. It has also made the country increasingly investor-friendly and more welcoming of Chinese investment than some of its neighbors. In 2020, Uzbekistan upped the number of visa-free days Chinese citizens could enjoy in the country from five to seven to facilitate travel and tourism in the country. The two countries have also deepened cultural exchange. Uzbekistan was the first country in the world to open a Confucius Institute, a Chinese language and cultural institution, and centers for the study of Uzbek language and culture have been set up in Chinese universities. Link As in the Karimov era, “multivectorism” remains a mantra in Tashkent, but Mirziyoyev recognizes China’s role in the future of Central Asia. It was the fourth country he visited during his first year’s flurry of international diplomacy, and in 2019, Uzbekistan’s Prime Minister referred to China as Uzbekistan’s “closest and most reliable partner”. According to the Uzbek Ministry of Finance’s “Budget for Citizens”, the state’s external debt to China amounted to $1.9 billion at the start of 2019, making Beijing Uzbekistan’s largest creditor – ahead of Japan, which owns $1.5 billion of Uzbekistan’s debt. The Ministry paper predicts a rise to $3 billion in 2020, but Uzbekistan, underleveraged and with growth potential, is not in too precarious a position. Link
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-07/16/c_1310065247.htm
- https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/
- http://aei.pitt.edu/103197/1/ST-DA_Asia_Policy_Brief_Chinas_Footprint_in_Central_Asia.pdf
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Smuggler from China, through Kyrgyzstan, was sent to Uzbekistan, to the Abu Sahiy market, through which almost all imports passed during the time of President Islam Karimov. The market under Karimov was owned by his son-in-law Timur Tillyaev. After the death of the first president, Tillyaev lost high patronage and sold the market in 2018, getting rid of one of the last major assets in Uzbekistan. Who really owns the market now is unknown.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Uzbekistan on Monday gently resisted Washington's efforts to rally China's Central Asian neighbors against Beijing over its treatment of Muslim minorities, a contentious issue for the region which has close economic ties to China. Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan receives 2M more COVID-19 vaccine jabs from China: Link China donates medical supplies to Uzbekistan to help fight COVID-19: Link The Chinese government has granted Uzbekistan no-strings aid worth nearly $40 million to fund social projects: Link
- https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/uzbekistan-receives-2m-more-covid-19-vaccine-jabs-from-china/2290202
- https://english.www.gov.cn/news/internationalexchanges/202003/31/content_WS5e829cdec6d0c201c2cbfd30.html
- https://eurasianet.org/uzbekistan-china-comes-bearing-gifts
Supplementary Notes
China – $2.2 billion Link
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Diplomats from 12 countries, including Uzbekistan, visited Xinjiang vocational training centers where trainees were learning Putonghua, national laws and regulations, and vocational skills.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
An ethnic Uzbek who was detained in northwest China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in 2018 and whose case was the subject of a recent United Nations inquiry was sentenced to 15 years in prison last month, according to official sources. Aezimet Enver was detained in April 2018 after returning from Turkey the previous year, allegedly for having studied there—one of several countries blacklisted by Chinese officials for Uyghurs to travel to, citing the threat of alleged religious extremism.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, and the President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping, signed a Joint Statement and adopted a Program of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in a New Era between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People’s Republic of China for 2023-2027. Link Uzbekistan is ready to learn from China's experience in poverty alleviation, deepen cooperation in various fields, strengthen people-to-people and cultural exchanges, and actively implement the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, further elevating Uzbekistan-China comprehensive strategic partnership to a new level. Link The Leaders of Uzbekistan and China Opt for Further Strengthening of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Link
- https://president.uz/en/lists/view/6345
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/202305/t20230521_11080865.html
- https://president.uz/en/lists/view/4962
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan firmly adheres to the one-China principle and fully supports the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Available
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbek government has long shown signs of reluctance to even acknowledge its Uyghur minority. Link China increasingly and successfully used the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to pressure neighboring countries, including Uzbekistan, to cooperate in the forced returns of Uyghurs to China. There was an increase in the number of Uyghurs detained abroad who were forcibly sent to China, where they faced the death penalty and possible execution, including Uyghurs with foreign nationality. Link Uzbekistan votes against holding a debate on China’s treatment of Uyghur Muslims at the UNHRC. Link Uzbekistan gently resisted Washington’s efforts to rally China’s Central Asian neighbors against Beijing over its treatment of Muslim minorities, a contentious issue for the region, which has close economic ties to China. Link
- https://cacds.org.ua/%d0%ba%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b9%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be-%d1%83%d0%b7%d0%b1%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d0%be%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%88%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%b2-%d0%be%d0%b6%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b0/
- https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2013/06/11/uighurs.pdf
- http://tashkenttimes.uz/national/9759-uzbekistan-votes-against-holding-debate-on-china-s-treatment-of-uyghur-muslims-at-unhrc
- https://www.reuters.com/article/uzbekistan-usa-china-rights-idINKBN1ZX1F3
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The state media of Uzbekistan publishes articles highlighting narratives such as: Over the past 70 years, the Chinese central government has invested a total of 1.6 trillion yuan (about $253 billion) in the development of Tibet. These massive investments have contributed to improving infrastructure and the living standards of the people. The article is published by Podrobno.uz – Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Link (Note: The articles describe Chinese contributions in the Tibet region, with no mention of human rights violations.) Uzbekistan supports China's great cause of national reunification and its principles and stance on Taiwan, Tibet, and other issues. Uzbekistan is willing to deepen cooperation with China in fields such as economy and trade, livelihoods, people-to-people and cultural exchanges, security, and infrastructure. Uzbekistan appreciates China's positive role in international affairs and is ready to strengthen communication and coordination on major international and regional issues, as well as conduct close cooperation within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) with China. Link
- https://podrobno.uz/cat/uzbekistan-i-kitay-klyuchi-ot-budushchego/na-vershine-mira-kak-podnebesnaya-prevratila-tibet-v-protsvetayushchiy-region/
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cezm//eng/zgxw/t1375048.htm
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The full list of countries supporting the Hong Kong national security law includes: China, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahrain, Belarus, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, UAE, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. (Uzbekistan is not on the list, indicating it has not officially supported the act.) Link While criticism of the act has been expressed by Western countries, Uzbekistan has not publicly commented on the matter. Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/07/which-countries-support-the-new-hong-kong-national-security-law/
- https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/comments/2020C56_HongKongNationalSecurityLaw.pdf
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili