Mongolia
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 38 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 162 / 396 | - |
May 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 39 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 41 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 44 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 10 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 16 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 54 % | - |
In 2023, Mongolia had a GDP per capita of US$5,765 and a total population of 3.41 million people.
Mongolia established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 2049. Mongolia was ranked 109th in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 84/100.
Key Takeaways
- Mongolia reveals a substantial Chinese influence in media organizations, active participation in Belt and Road initiatives, and engagement in training programs by PRC entities. This indicates a significant impact on media narratives, relationships, and overall information dissemination in the country.
- The academic landscape in Mongolia is notably influenced by China, evident in established research partnerships, the presence of Confucius Institutes/Classrooms, and the inclusion of the Chinese language in K12 education with PRC support. This points to a substantial impact on educational institutions, language programs, and collaborative initiatives, significantly shaping the academic environment.
- Mongolia exhibits a significant degree of sub-national engagement with China, including signed agreements, sister-city relationships, and official visits. However, the arrest of an anti-China activist highlights potential challenges to freedom of expression, showcasing a nuanced and occasionally strained sub-national relationship.
- Mongolia maintains a robust diplomatic relationship with China, featuring joint parliamentary groups, substantial Chinese investments, and collaborative training programs. The country adopts a nuanced stance, aligning with PRC principles while maintaining a balanced approach to sensitive issues, indicating a comprehensive strategic partnership.
- Mongolia heavily relies on China as its foremost trading partner, with strong economic ties in various sectors. Active participation in initiatives like the Belt and Road and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank underlines Mongolia's economic interdependence with the People's Republic of China, emphasizing significant collaboration in economic development.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Checked the website and there is no Mongolian media belonging to World Chinese Media network Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"1-To date, 33 media have agreed to join this initiative launched by the China Central Television (CCTV). The alliance brings together media from China, Hong Kong, Macau, and some 20 foreign countries including the Philippines, Mongolia, Romania and Ukraine. Link During the meeting, high-ranking representatives of People's Television Network of the Philippines, UATV from Ukraine, Mongolian National Broadcaster, and Pakistan Television Corporation signed the statement and officially joined the BRNN. Link According to the network’s charter, the BRNN’s council consists of 14 members from China and 26 others (including Mongolia). Link"
- https://www.oboreurope.com/en/belt-road-news-alliance/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_and_Road_News_Network
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/10/what-is-the-belt-and-road-news-network/
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Over the course of a week, nearly 30 journalists from 23 mainstream Mongolian media outlets had a unique opportunity to witness the remarkable progress being made in various fields in China. The activity was jointly organized by the All-China Journalists Association and the Mongolian Journalists Association, and hosted by the Information Office of the People's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Link Mongolian Journalists Association, exclaimed during a joint media interview activity titled ""Encounter with China, Encounter with the New Era"" in East China's Shanghai city and Jiangsu province. Link"
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202307/1293700.shtml
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202307/18/WS64b66a40a31035260b8171d9.html
Supplementary Notes
"IX Mongolian-Chinese media forum"" was successfully organized Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
"Journalists from 18 countries participated in the training program initiated by ""China Daily"" in 2019. Link President H. Mandahbayar also emphasized that the journalist exchange program has been expanded and every year 10 Mongolian journalists are sent to major Chinese universities to study and specialize in Journalism. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Link - China Radio International in Mongolian Link - And Studio /FB page operated by China Radio International in Mongolian language/ Link Delkhiintsag /FB page operated by China Radio International in Mongolian language /"
- https://mongol.cri.cn/
- https://www.facebook.com/Andstudio2020
- https://www.facebook.com/Delkhiintsag2020
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Link - China Radio International in Mongolian Link - And Studio /FB page operated by China Radio International in Mongolian language/ CRI Darhan at 103.7 FM is a radio station in Darhan, Mongolia. It is part of China Radio International. Link"
- https://mongol.cri.cn/
- https://www.facebook.com/Andstudio2020
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRI_Darhan
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Screenshot – review of Xi’s book published in Chinese in Mongolian press, Newspaper called rainbow – funded by CCP, promoting CCP activities in Mongolian
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"During the seminar, the ""Optical Communication Network Laboratory"" jointly invested by ""Huawei"" and Jemnet LLC, the world leader in the production of information and communication technology solutions and components, was inaugurated. Link ""Workshop"" training and discussion was organized in cooperation with Huawei Technology Company Link cooperation agreement between Mongolian University of Science and Technology and Northwestern Polytechnic University of China. Link"
- https://www.must.edu.mn/mn/news/6527
- https://student.num.edu.mn/?p=5829
- https://www.must.edu.mn/en/news/10270
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"there are 10 schools in Mongolia that teach Chinese from the 1st grade Link Link Confucius Institute opens 5th classroom in Mongolia Link"
- https://www.zindaa.mn/4n0t
- http://www.ieeip.cn/bbx/1071727-1123792.html?id=27381&newsid=712466
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/14/c_138143668.htm
Supplementary Notes
As of the 2021-2022 academic year, 16 universities and colleges in Mongolia are preparing Chinese language experts. About 7,300 students study Chinese in high schools, of which over 5,000 students study Chinese in more than 20 private high schools. Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
there are 10 schools in Mongolia that teach Chinese from the 1st grade Link As of the 2021-2022 academic year, 16 universities and colleges in Mongolia are preparing Chinese language experts. About 7,300 students study Chinese in high schools, of which over 5,000 students study Chinese in more than 20 private high schools. Link
- https://www.zindaa.mn/4n0t
- https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obrazovanie-kak-instrument-myagkoy-sily-knr-v-mongolii
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Mongolia Trade Summary 2021 Data Mongolia exports, imports, tariff by year. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Mongolia's debt to China remains low compared to multilateral (e.g. IMF and ADB) obligations. Some may prefer Chinese loans with no explicit strings attached compared to the IMF taking some comfort as loans from Beijing don’t bite immediately. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Mongolia is one of the largest countries in Asia by land area, and it contains extensive mineral deposits, including copper, coal, fluorspar, gold, iron, petroleum, tungsten, uranium, and zinc. Minerals account for nearly 90% of its exports, and given the country’s geographic location, limited capital, and lack of infrastructure, almost all exported minerals are sold directly to China after minimal domestic processing. Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
"China-Mongolia ties to embrace greater potencials from infrastructure to trade under China’s BRI and Mongolia’s Steppe Road Program. Link China, Mongolia to discuss technology, railway connections and green development as prime minister begins 6-day trip. Link China, Mongolia to expand cooperation in infrastructure Link"
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202210/1277101.shtml
- https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3225410/china-mongolia-discuss-technology-railway-connections-and-green-development-prime-minister-begins-6
- http://english.www.gov.cn/premier/news/202202/05/content_WS61fe8de1c6d09c94e48a4b1a.html
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Member since Dec 25, 2015 Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"During the summit, Dornogobi aimag of Mongolia officially joined Silk Road Cities Alliance and established a memorandum of friendly cooperation with Zhangjiajie city. Link Link is listed Link Mongolia is listed"
- https://montsame.mn/en/read/209398
- https://www.srcic.org/srcic-profile/-Mongolia is listed
- https://www.bricaistanbul.com/overview/brica-members/- Mongolia is listed
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"When the Dalai Lama visited Mongolia in 2016, Beijing canceled bilateral economic meetings and later extracted an apology from Ulaanbaatar. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
"Free trade under consideration-Mongolia is listed Link Updated- Thu 27 Jul 2023| 18:11 Mongolia Joins Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, China and Mongolia to Grant Mutual Tariff Concessions. Link"
- http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/english/fta_yanjiu.shtml
- http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/enarticle/enpacific/enasiapacificnews/202011/43379_1.html
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"In 2022, Zamiin-uud free economic zone which borders PRC, modernized and expanded trade infrastructure with 58.8 million USD non-refundable aid from PRC. He said, ""It has been 20 years since the establishment of the legal framework of the free zone. Currently, there are three free zones established: Tsagaanuur, Altanbulag, and Zamyn-Uud. However, during this period, the goals have not been fulfilled sufficiently. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"A joint interview event themed “Meeting China, Meeting New Era” involving over 40 reporters from Mongolia and China concluded in Hohhot city in North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Sunday, with the Mongolian media professionals praising China’s rapid development, people oriented urban planning and governance as well as environmental protection and preservation of traditional culture. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The journalists visited nearly 30 sites in Shanghai, and the cities in East China’s Jiangsu Province including Suzhou, Nantong, Qidong and Nanjing during the eight-day event jointly hosted by the All-China Journalists Association and the Union of Mongolian Journalists Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Chinese Film Days" open in Mongolia. The TV series titled "Ode to Joy 3," was given to a Mongolian TV station called "Asian Box." Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tiktok isn't listed: Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Data collection was conducted between March 01 - April 26, 2022 through computer-assisted telephone interviews. What should our country’s foreign policy course be? (23% answer Only pro-China and Russia/ 36% answer Pro-China and Russia but keep up relations with the West) Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The Mongolian military also receives military engineering equipment from China for its newly established peacekeeping-designated construction-engineering battalions. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Mongolia is a member state of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence, Building Measures in ASIA (CICA) Link Link
- https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states
- https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=search
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Chinese People’s Liberation Army to send troops to Mongolia At the invitation of the Mongolian defense ministry, the Army of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army will send troops to Mongolia in mid-June to join the Khaan Quest 2023 multinational peacekeeping exercise, a Chinese defense spokesperson said Friday. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The militaries of China and Mongolia will hold a joint exercise in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region on Friday, according to the annual plan for border defense exchanges and cooperation between the two countries, the Chinese Defense Ministry announced on Thursday. Link The Chinese military will send troops to attend a multinational peacekeeping exercise in Mongolia, a new defense spokesman announced on Friday. Link
- https://www.chinadailyhk.com/article/360608#Chinese-Mongolian-militaries-to-hold-joint-exercise
- https://www.chinadailyhk.com/article/336382
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"China, Mongolia to hold Border Defense Cooperation-2023 joint drill Link"
Supplementary Notes
"Visiting Chinese State Councilor and Minister of National Defense Wei Fenghe and Mongolian Defense Minister Gursed Saikhanbayar pledged here on Monday to beef up pragmatic cooperation between the two militaries. Chinese, and Mongolian defense ministers agree to strengthen cooperation Link "
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese People’s Liberation Army to send troops to Mongolia Link Two countries' servicemen join in military exercises against terrorism Link
Supplementary Notes
Russian General Staff chief, General Valery Gerasimov, will personally oversee the drills, which will involve troops from several ex-Soviet nations, China, India, Laos, Mongolia, Nicaragua and Syria. Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Mongolia is listed: Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"As far as preventing terrorism is concerned, both sides naturally agreed to strengthen international cooperation to oppose it. Link"
Supplementary Notes
Two countries' servicemen join in military exercises against terrorism Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Chinese hackers cyber-attack Mongolia with a digital Coronavirus malware Link Chinese APT suspected of supply chain attack on Mongolian government agencies Link This Chinese hacking group pwned a bunch of Mongolian government sites Link For instance, in 2018, a Chinese hacker group broke into the National Information Center in Mongolia, according to a recent investigation from Kaspersky Lab and further data supplied by CyberScoop, the attackers permitted dangerous malware to be deployed on government websites. Link
- https://www.cybersecurity-insiders.com/chinese-hackers-cyber-attack-mongolia-with-a-digital-coronavirus-malware/
- https://www.zdnet.com/article/chinese-apt-suspected-of-supply-chain-attack-on-mongolian-government-agencies/
- https://cyberscoop.com/apt27-mongolia-kaspersky/
- https://a24na.com/archives/45486
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
" A non-governmental organization that documented dozens of undeclared Chinese ""overseas police service centers"" in September has now confirmed the operations of dozens more, a new report said on Monday – December, 2022 Mongolia (1) - The Fuzhou PSB operates one service center in Ulaanbaatar. Link "
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"A prominent anti-China activist has been arrested in Mongolia, part of what campaigners have said is a wider effort to ""clean up"" Beijing's critics in the country.Link MONGOLIA: INVOLUNTARY RETURN OF DISSIDENT BACK TO CHINA, WHILE ACTIVISTS CRITICAL OF MINING PROJECTS FACE HARASSMENT Link"
- https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220222-prominent-anti-china-activist-arrested-in-mongolia
- https://monitor.civicus.org/explore/mongolia-involuntary-return-of-dissident-back-to-china-while-activists-critical-of-mining-projects-face-harassment/
Supplementary Notes
China and Mongolia have ratified a bilateral extradition treaty, but such requests typically involve lengthy procedures. There are no known extradition cases that have been carried out by the Mongolian government. Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Last month, Chinese police descended on the home of historian and activist Lhamjab Borjigin and arrested him. Borjigin’s case is likely the fifth known example of an involuntary return to China from Mongolia since 2009. Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"One of the world’s largest suppliers of CCTV and video surveillance equipment, Chinese company Dahua Technology Co., has deployed a new ITS (intelligent transportation system) solution in Mongolia’s capital and largest city, Ulaanbaatar. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link all companies are connected to Mongolia.
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"In 2017, Huawei partnered with Mongolian telecom company Unitel to launch ""Ger Internet,"" wireless home broadband service to boost rates of rural connectivity. Not yet 5G Link ZTE company has close partnership with the major communication companies in Mongolia. Link"
- https://www.cfr.org/blog/china-huawei-5g
- http://mn.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zmgx/201610/t20161029_1489133.htm
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2017, Huawei partnered with Mongolian telecom company Unitel to launch "Ger Internet," a wireless home broadband service aimed at boosting rural connectivity rates. However, it does not yet support 5G. ZTE has a close partnership with major communication companies in Mongolia. Mobicom Networks provides internet wholesale services, connecting to ports in the United States, Europe, and Asia through fiber optic networks of companies such as China Telecom, China Unicom, and Megafon. This network covers a total of 8,714 km across 20 provinces and 104 soums in Mongolia.
- https://www.cfr.org/blog/china-huawei-5g
- http://mn.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zmgx/201610/t20161029_1489133.htm
- https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Research%20Report%20on%20ICT%20infrastructure%20Co-deployment%20%20with%20Transport%20and%20Energy%20Infrastructures%20in%20Mongolia.pdf
Supplementary Notes
"5G technology will be introduced step by step in Mongolia from 2023. Currently, operator companies have turned on their 5G stations only on a trial basis. Link The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) has been actively working towards creating an enabling environment for the deployment of 5G networks. They have developed a roadmap that outlines the key milestones and strategies for the rollout of 5G in the country. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"In 2023, mayor of Ulaanbaatar signed an agreement with Tianjin to cooperate on adopting smart, eco city solutions. Link Ulaanbaatar City’s ‘Smart City’ project, funded by ICT, aims to enable city residents to get access to information regarding public services, and send comments, reports, and request to relevant officials via the Internet in the Capital City of Mongolia Link"
- https://itoim.mn/a/2023/02/13/capital/jkr
- https://www.hotosm.org/projects/mongolia_mapping_ulaanbaatar
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
President of the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry O. Amartuvshin said “I am glad that companies in the fields that Mongolians are interested, such as construction, housing, urban improvement, space technology, software, electronic systems, peanut processing, mining, and renewable energy, are included in this business group. I hope that this visit will pave the way for business cooperation between the two countries to be further developed in many new areas.” in his opening remarks. Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"China and Mongolia signs an MOU on Science Park in Beijing Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2019, a working group led by the governor of the province, J. Erdenebaatar, made an official visit to the Eastern Grapevine Cape and Shilii Golan Provinces of the Republic of China. During the visit, they signed a memorandum of cooperation Link Link In 2023, mayor of Ulaanbaatar signed an agreement with Tianjin to cooperate on adopting smart, eco city solutions Link
- https://montsame.mn/en/read/194380
- http://khural.mn/n/112395
- https://itoim.mn/a/2023/02/13/capital/jkr
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Link Orkhon, Mongolia and Baotou Beijing and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Tianji and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Yinchuan and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
"Mongolian People’s Party, the current ruling party in the government, has close relationship with CCP. Within that framework, MPP’s youth organization established close cooperation with CCP in youth exchange and education, sports etc. Liu Jianchao met with the leadership of the People's Party Link ""Social Democracy"" Mongolian Youth Association All China Youth Association Youth Associations of the two countries Link Mongolian President to pay state visit to China Link Foreign Minister Pays Working Visit to China Link Mongolian Prime Minister’s Visit to China Envisages Deeper Economic Ties Link"
- https://mongol.cri.cn/2023/04/20/ARTItfUpEaVLgGD5DdiZhbOO230420.shtml
- https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=506087950662343
- https://montsame.mn/en/read/308521
- https://montsame.mn/en/read/318084
- https://thediplomat.com/2023/07/mongolian-prime-ministers-visit-to-china-envisages-deeper-economic-ties/
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Prime Minister Holds Official Talks with Chinese Premier (June 29, 2023) - Link Mongolian PM meets Chinese counterpart in Beijing (28 June, 2023) Link Mongolian President to pay state visit to China (November 27-28, 2022) Link Foreign Minister Pays Working Visit to China (1-2 May, 2023) Link Mongolian Prime Minister’s Visit to China Envisages Deeper Economic Ties Link Liu Jianchao met with the leadership of the People's Party (2023) Link President Xi Jinping Holds Talks with Mongolian President Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh (November, 2022) Link Chinese President Xi Jinping on Thursday met with Mongolian President Ukhnaa Khurelsukh, who is in Beijing for the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (BRF) - 2023 Link Wang Yi Meets with Foreign Minister Batmunkh Battsetseg of Mongolia (2022) Link Wang Yi Meets with Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia Sainbuyan Amarsaikhan (2023) Link Chinese Premier Li Qiang met with Mongolian Prime Minister Luvsanamsrein Oyun-Erden - 2023 Link "
- https://montsame.mn/en/read/322266
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8FVifNlOBs
- https://montsame.mn/en/read/308521
- https://montsame.mn/en/read/318084
- https://thediplomat.com/2023/07/mongolian-prime-ministers-visit-to-china-envisages-deeper-economic-ties/
- https://mongol.cri.cn/2023/04/20/ARTItfUpEaVLgGD5DdiZhbOO230420.shtml
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/2742_663488/2744_663492/202211/t20221128_10981916.html
- https://english.news.cn/20231019/c8b6e47b93c746d6b77c9d707ff1b2a2/c.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng./wjb_663304/wjbz_663308/activities_663312/202211/t20221129_10982670.html
- http://gb.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgyw/202310/t20231012_11159963.htm
- https://thediplomat.com/2023/07/mongolian-prime-ministers-visit-to-china-envisages-deeper-economic-ties/
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Battsetseg highly praised China's policy of building relations with neighboring countries based on friendship, good faith, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness (August 8, 2022). Oyun-Erdene stated that Mongolia and China share mutual trust and maintain friendly interactions. The two sides respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, and they maintain close exchanges and cooperation, setting an exemplary model for state-to-state relations. Strengthening cooperation with China remains the top priority of Mongolia’s foreign policy. According to Chimed Khurelbaatar, Minister of Economy and Development, Mongolia’s trade has doubled since the launch of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (March 29, 2023).
- http://rw.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgyw/202208/t20220809_10738062.htm
- https://www.cnbc.com/video/2023/03/29/mongolias-trade-has-doubled-since-chinas-bri-launch-minister-says.html
Supplementary Notes
"The two sides made positive comments on the fruitful results of the two countries' fight against COVID-19 and exchanges and cooperation in various fields. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"A prominent anti-China activist has been arrested in Mongolia, part of what campaigners have said is a wider effort to ""clean up"" Beijing's critics in the country. Munkhbayar Chuluundorj was arrested Friday in Ulaanbaatar on suspicion of ""receiving instructions and funds from a foreign intelligence group"", the country's spy agency said (news issued on 22/02/2022) Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The meeting was chaired by Deputy Speaker of State Great Khural, Head of the Mongolia-China parliamentary group T. Ayursaikhan from the side of Mongolia and Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Head of the China-Mongolia parliamentary group Baima Chilin from the side of China. Link"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Mongolia receives COVID-19 vaccine donation from China Link So, today Chinese Ambassador Chai Wenrui and his staff as well as the China Society in Ulaanbaatar presented a donation of MNT 126 million and 730 thousand to Mongolia. Link China on Saturday donated protective medical supplies worth 830,000 yuan (116,961 U.S. dollars) to Mongolia to help fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Link ULAN BATOR-China's aid is boosting the development of Mongolia's education system, says Mongolia's Education Minister Tsedenbal Tsogzolmaa. Link China donates grains to snowbound Mongolia Link"
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-02/23/c_139759597.htm
- https://news.mn/en/791361/
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-03/28/c_138926096.htm
- http://belt.china.org.cn/2018-09/26/content_64086115.htm
- https://reliefweb.int/report/mongolia/china-donates-grains-snowbound-mongolia
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"NSC employees will be trained at the ""International Statistics Training Center"" in China Link A total of 83 employees of HDEG, NNDG, provincial and district Social Insurance Departments will participate in the training, and they will learn and exchange experience for 5 days in the framework of Chinese social security policy research, social insurance fund budget, social insurance fund, financial management system, pension insurance fund management for urban and rural residents, and medical insurance fund management. Link"
- https://www.mnb.mn/i/286914
- https://www.ndaatgal.mn/%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD-%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB/
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Link The PRC and Mongolia upgraded ties to a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2014. Link Chinese President Xi Jinping called for greater development of China-Mongolia comprehensive strategic partnership in the new era to deliver more benefits to the two peoples. As good brothers, good neighbors and good partners, China and Mongolia should continue to walk hand in hand, Xi said when meeting with Mongolian President Ukhnaa Khurelsukh in Beijing on Thursday. Link Link Beijing, 29 November 2022 (TDI): Chinese President, Xi Jinping met with President Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh of Mongolia on his state visit to China.China is prepared to cooperate with Mongolia to create a society with a shared future. Together, the two nations may support the stable, long-term growth of the China-Mongolia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership."
- http://np.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/News/201408/t20140822_1584996.htm
- https://english.news.cn/20231019/be2663e770ec430aacff01db139af04d/c.html
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/2023-10-19/Xi-meets-Mongolian-president-1o1uVlqjdWo/index.html
- https://thediplomaticinsight.com/china-mongolia-comprehensive-strategic-partnership/
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
" China appreciates Mongolia's reiteration that it will firmly adhere to the one-China policy and respect China's core interests and major concerns on issues related to Tibet, Xinjiang and Taiwan, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said here Monday. Link "
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Available
Supplementary Notes
"Beijing, 29 November 2022 (TDI): Chinese President, Xi Jinping met with President Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh of Mongolia on his state visit to China. In addition, the two countries are each other’s key neighbors maintaining a long-term, stable relationship, friendliness, and cooperation. In this regard, China and Mongolia shall respect each other’s independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and choice of development path, President Xi emphasized. Link "
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"China appreciates Mongolia's reiteration that it will firmly adhere to the one-China policy and respect China's core interests and major concerns on issues related to Tibet, Xinjiang and Taiwan, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said here Monday. Link "
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Mongolia firmly supports the one China policy, consistently holds that Tibet is an in separable part of China, that the Tibet issue is China’s internal affair,” the Mongolian minister was quoted as saying. Link"
Supplementary Notes
if one accesses the website of the Chinese embassy in Mongolia, a section dedicated entirely to Tibet is immediately visible on the homepage. The page, entitled “China’s Tibet in the eyes of Mongols” contains reports compiled by Mongolian researchers who traveled on organized visits to Tibet, after which they were instructed to produce material showcasing a positive image of Tibet’s “development and progress” under the PRC. Link
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Available
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili