Bosnia and Herzegovina
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 51 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 129 / 372 | - |
Oct 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 56 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 34 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 44 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 10 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 39 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 38 % | - |
In 2023, Bosnia-and-Herzegovina had a GDP per capita of US$8,426 and a total population of 3.19 million people.
Bosnia-and-Herzegovina established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1995. Bosnia-and-Herzegovina was ranked 81st in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Partly Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 51/100.
Key Takeaways
- The significant investment from the People's Republic of China, particularly in infrastructure projects in Republika Srpska, showcases the growing economic ties between China and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The focus on Republika Srpska highlights an evolving regional dynamic closer aligned with Chinese interests in Serbia.
- The presence of Xinhua Chinese news agency raises questions about media influence and perception. Despite operating relatively under the radar, its dual function as a news agency and a perceived tool of Chinese government propaganda challenges its credibility and acceptance within the liberal views dominant in the region.
- The establishment of a Department for Chinese Language and Culture at the University of East Sarajevo, along with annual training visits for civil servants organized by the PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs, highlights a growing cultural and educational exchange between Bosnia and Herzegovina – RS (Republican Party) entities mainly – and China.
- The strategic partnership between the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) and the Communist Party of China underlines a deeper political engagement beyond economic ties. Such partnerships indicate a broader geopolitical alignment and cooperation between certain political entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (again, mainly in RS) and China, potentially influencing policy decisions and regional dynamics.
- Bosnia and Herzegovina's involvement in international statements concerning human rights issues in China, despite protests from the Chinese Embassy, reflects the country's position within the broader context of international relations and adherence to human rights principles. This engagement showcases Bosnia and Herzegovina's state-level institutions' willingness to align with international norms and values, despite potential diplomatic pressures.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
very few academic or other types of reliable sources available on the subject. One such was published 2 years ago, Foreign-Directed Media Content and Normative Localization of Government Narratives Abroad: An Analysis of Editorial Policies Of Chinese News Agency Xinhua in Bosnia And Herzegovina, by Duraković, Jasna and Hasić, Jasmin, URL: Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Radio and Television of Bosnia-Herzegovina (BHRT) is a part of the Belt and Road News Alliance (BRNA).
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A prominent jorunalist Faruk Borić is regular visitor of the China, and also leads two online platrofms one of which is called Glas Kine, and secon one Centar za promociju i razvoj inicijative Pojas i put
- https://boskin.ba/zapisi-sa-pojasa-i-putaiii-snaga-i-sinergija-globalne-zajednice/
- https://preokret.info/index.php/2023/11/13/10-godina-inicijative-pojas-i-put-pogled-unazad-i-prema-buducnosti/
- https://boskin.ba/glas-kine/
- https://pojasiput.ba/o-nama/
Supplementary Notes
There are some local trainings organized in Sarajevo, focused on "how to report on China", organized by a local NGO, sponsored by Albany Global media center. Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China's national television broadcast a program with the logo of the Federal Television. Damira Ibranović, a journalist of a public broadcasting service of FBiH on a study visit to China, has taken part in this. Together with a colleague from China National Television, she summarized the National People's Congress of China - the most important event of the year for that country.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Xinhua office in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Xinhua’s role in the news production system in B&H, though kept relatively under the radar of the general public, is being additionally weakened by its ‘status’ and by being perceived through its dual function: as a propagandist tool of the Chinese government and as a news agency whose interest and credibility are not fully in line with socially accepted and otherwise dominant liberal views.
Supplementary Notes
BiH is notably the first country in the Balkans to host a dedicated outlet to China’s perspective and its BRI (Glas Kine – The Voice of China issued by the Sarajevo-based Bosnia-China Friendship Association), but these seem to have limited audience.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Xinhua also has a cooperation agreement with the Patria News Agency, which is closely aligned with the Party of Democratic Action. Local Xinhua journalists are quite active beyond their immediate professional purview – giving lectures at universities, for instance.
- https://balkaninsight.com/2020/12/09/china-increasing-its-footprint-in-balkan-media-study-concludes/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Reaction of the PRC embassy to the mentioning of Taiwan as an independent country
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, but only if Chinese-Serb relations are taken within a larger context (encompassiing Serbia and Serbs living outside of Serbia); and if and when the local Serb population or representatives in Bosnia and Herzegovina attach themselves to this framework. Examples include news reports of RTRS, a public broadcasting service of Republika Srpska entity in BiH, and some other news outlets. Glas kine is an online media product published by Centar za promociju i razvoj inicijative pojas i put, Bosnian national broadcaster BHRT broadcasted the show called ,,That Beautiful Beijing''
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqL6J3cYDKU
- https://boskin.ba/glas-kine/
- https://pojasiput.ba/o-nama/
- https://prvasmjena.com/kulturna-razmjena-bhrt-emituje-trecu-sezonu-emisije-taj-divni-peking/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei talent program has been established at the University of Mostar
Supplementary Notes
Nota bene: Back in 2019, there were official Chinese Embassy announcements related to Huawei company's active participation in the construction of the 4G network in BiH, as well as the smart city and the safe city in BiH. China also participated in the 22nd Mostar Fair 2019 as a partner country, and has been doing so for the past ten years, thus establishing a large-scale local presence of Chinese companies, such as Huawei and ZTE. Leading BiH Telecom operators use Huawei’s 4G network technology, and it is very likely that this company will also apply for a 5G network infrastructural set-up in due course.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Opening Confucius Institutes operate at the University of Banja Luka and the University of Sarajevo, and a Department of Chinese Language at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of East Sarajevo.
- https://ki.unibl.org/aboutus
- https://sumit.sum.ba/novosti/studenti-sveucilista-u-mostaru-sudjelovali-na-huawei-programu-za-talente-%22seeds
- https://ki.unibl.org/
- https://upis.unsa.ba/ustanove/konfucijev-institut-sarajevo/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese language is included in the primary and secondary level education in Istočnom Novom Sarajevu, Doboju, Banjoj Luci, Šamcu i Foča.
- https://www.oslobodjenje.ba/vijesti/bih/u-nekoliko-skola-u-rs-u-daci-uce-kineski-jezik-426919
- https://startbih.ba/clanak/kineski-jezik-u-pojedinim-osnovnim-i-srednjim-skolama-u-rs-u/102189#google_vignette
- https://n1info.ba/vijesti/a300381-kineski-jezik-u-skolama-u-rs-u/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Several Think-tanks are operating within the framework of the Belt and Road iinitiative, with the goal of promotion and/or facilitation of the work of Chinese companies and promotion of China in Serbia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Centar za promociju Pojasa i Puta and Bosnia-China friendship center have listed Chinese companies as their partners
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No sufficient data for Bosnia.
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There have been numerous examples of the visits to China by the representatives of academic institutions from Bosnia. One of the respondents is a recepient of one such scholarship. He wishes to remain anonymous.
- https://fddi.fudan.edu.cn/_t2515/1c/54/c18996a203860/page.htm
- https://lat.rtrs.tv/vijesti/vijest.php?id=537639
- https://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/obrazovanje/Delegacija-Univerziteta-u-Banjaluci-na-konferenciji-u-Kini/795925
- https://www.ues.rs.ba/la/2023/10/20/potpisan-sporazum-o-saradnji-sa-djangsu-univerzitetom-iz-kine-2/
- https://nubl.org/sluzbena-posjeta-delegacije-nubl-a-zhengzhou-shengda-univerzitetu-u-nr-kini/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No recorded examples.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No personal information or evidences that this happened.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Faculty of Arts at the University of East Sarajevo (RS entity) signed an agreement with Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China to establish a Department for Chinese language and culture. The department employs two lecturers/two native speakers of the Chinese language, professors with whom the learning of the Chinese language is completed in terms of practice and exercises. Every year, the local Faculty members (staff) are trained (through Chinese scholarships) in China, but also in centers of Chinese education located in Budapest, Latvia, etc.
Supplementary Notes
The rise of China studies in Banja Luka has stimulated local youth by bringing novel content to an area that otherwise has difficulties retaining young people precisely because it is small and uneventful. Ultimately however, the Banja Luka China studies experience has been a result of local pro-activity in utilizing the opportunity to cooperate with China, which is in some sense an exception (as most-often, Chinese presence is not associated with local ownership of the initiatives). Other potential smaller scale examples could be sought elsewhere – one is the launch of a Chinese cultural center in Trebinje, a small town in RS which has little exciting contents to offer to its youth.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The indicator is not supported by evidences and/or examples.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Based on the Agency for Statistic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Data, the number one trading partner is Germany with total trade level from January to April of 2024 of 1.998 milion euros
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Based on the Ministry of Finanace and Treasurty of Bosnia and Herzegovina dana from April 2024, the level of debt towards Chinese banks is only 0,98 million euros in bank guarantees to Chinese EXIM Bank which is 0.02% of total external debt which is 4.5 billion euros
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Trade statistics are showing that this is not a dominant sector for trade with China, and that there are other actors who are ahead
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a significant presence in the critical infrastructure development, most notably in the construction of the hydro-power plants, highways and thermal-power plant. The modalities of partnerships are concesions, loans or commercial contracts. But there is no evidence of ownership or direct control over the relevant projects.
- https://detektor.ba/2023/03/30/kineski-i-turski-monopol-u-gradnji-bih-vrijedan-sest-milijardi-maraka__trashed/?lang=en
- https://bankwatch.org/blog/chinese-built-dabar-hydropower-plant-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina-set-to-destroy-four-emerald-and-two-ramsar-sites
- https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/chinese-consortium-seals-highway-deal-with-bosnias-serb-republic-2023-02-23/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not a member or prospect
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce include Foreign Trade Chamber of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The members of the Foreign Trade Chamber of Bosnia and Herzegovina include ""companies, banks, insurance companies and other legal entities registered to conduct business with foreign countries in Bosnia and Herzegovina"".
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Iraq were among the new nations that CIPS expanded its coverage to in 2022.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence that this is the case
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Provided links show partnerships that companies from Bosnia and Herzegovina have established with PRC-connected entities.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Bosnia and Herzegovina does have free (special) economic zones, but so far they have not been sucessfull in the atraction of the China FDI, or other economic activities
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
This has not happened in the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
An organization called “波黑中国和平统一促进会 (China Council for the Peaceful National Reunification in Bosnia & Herzegovina)” exists.
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/zwbd_673032/jghd_673046/202309/t20230926_11150278.shtml
- http://ba.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxx/sghd/202405/t20240522_11309327.htm
- http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202208/t20220812_12460712.html#:~:text=%E6%B3%A2%E9%BB%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%BF%83%E8%BF%9B%E4%BC%9A%E5%9D%9A%E5%86%B3%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%8A%9E%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8A%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%B0%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%9A%E3%80%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%82
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are no such organizations and/or groups in Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence available through publicly accessable data to support this indicator
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese (Lunar) New Year was ceremonially celebrated in City of Trebinje in 2023 and 2024. Dragon Boat festival workshop was organized by Confucious institute and Chinese embassy in the elementary School in Banaj Luka
- https://mondo.ba/Info/Drustvo/a1195566/Kineska-Nova-godina-u-Trebinju.html
- https://trebinjelive.info/2024/02/09/pjesmom-i-igrom-u-trebinju-obiljezena-kineska-nova-godina-foto/
- https://ki.unibl.org/post/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A delegation of journalists from 14 Central and Eastern European countries including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece and Hungary visited the China Journalists Association. Additionally, there is the China-CEE countries Journalists Roundtable hosted by the China Journalists Association.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese Embassy in Sarajevo has in March 2020 donated equipment in the value od 30.000 KM (cc. 18.000 USD) for the Center for Support for families with children and persons with difficulties in development "Cilibri"; in May 2021 the Embassy donated desinfectants in the value od 15.000 KM to the Islamic Community in BiH; Childer’s Choir of the Chinese city of Wuxi donated 42.000 masks to BiH in June 2020. There are also several reports from previous years which support the claim, such as: food packages for people who use Red Cross’ kitchen from the Chinese Embassy in Sarajevo in 2016; Embassy donated 40.000 USD for people who were hit by floods in 2011 and 10.000 KM in 2012; Association of Chinese Entrepreneurs donated clothing and toys in 2005 for children from socially endangered families, where the value of the donation was around 320.000 KM.
- http://www.centar.ba/novost/16242/vrijedna-donacija-ambasade-nr-kine-za-djecu-sa-poteskocama-u-razvoju%20
- https://www.islamskazajednica.ba/index.php/vijesti/aktuelno/29896-ambasada-kine-islamskoj-zajednici-donirala-dezinfekciona-sredstva
- https://www.sarajevotimes.com/162874-2/
- https://mrsri.ks.gov.ba/aktuelno/novosti-sa-vlade/donacija-ambasade-nr-kine-paketi-sa-hranom-za-korisnike-centralne-kuhinje
- https://ckfbih.ba/pomo-crvenog-krstakria-narodne-republike-kine-stanovnitvu-u-bih-pogoenom-poplavama/
- https://www.sarajevo.ba/hr/article/1247/za-socijalno-ugrozenu-djecu-sarajeva-donacija-kineskih-privrednika
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to support the indicator
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the appfigures and the similarweb, TikTok is ranked third in both the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store.
- https://www.similarweb.com/top-apps/google/bosnia-and-herzegovina/
- https://appfigures.com/top-apps/ios-app-store/bosnia-and-herzegovina/iphone/top-overall
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Embassy of China and the Confucious institutes are organizing cultural events, as well as projects (language courses, caligraphy, etc) regularly
- https://www.facebook.com/cnembbh/posts/pfbid02RSvY6DyRkmqMjo26M3td6dnrbYzZGNDoTvRRJPdrvrR91kibhwv8jXurGsb2T3wul
- https://www.facebook.com/cnembbh/posts/pfbid0LRLKUKjLSarvUWTc9gLxKCKjXxbbM2PqYcp3knMFWjfSrpLb3wYwEzjWkVwZkfEUl
- https://www.facebook.com/cnembbh/posts/pfbid0Ua71dfyhMWJWrEefra7Vzvn14Nruhyd8ntRMaCr6sy71sifwBfdfUmTsdf7FygBXl
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to support the indicator
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The International Republican Institute Regional Survey shows that 66% of Bosnian citizens have favorable perception of China.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2021. China donated several engineering vehicles to Bosnian armed forces
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not applicable to Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not a case in Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not a case in Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not applicable to Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not a case in Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2016, a delegation led by rear admiral Guan Youfei met with the armed forces representative of Bosnia, in 2015, 2018 and 2020, a military atache of Chinese embassy met with the Chief of Bosnian Armed forces. In 2022, the representatives of the Bosnian armed forces met with the ambassador for the occasion of 95 year anniversary of PLA
- http://os.mod.gov.ba/vijesti/default.aspx?id=5423&langTag=bs-BA&template_id=181&pageIndex=1
- http://ba.china-embassy.gov.cn/ba/sgxx_5/sghd/202208/t20220802_10732101.htm
- http://os.mod.gov.ba/vijesti/default.aspx?id=5423&langTag=bs-BA&template_id=181&pageIndex=1
- http://os.mod.gov.ba/vijesti/default.aspx?id=32798&langTag=bs-BA&template_id=181&pageIndex=1
- http://os.mod.gov.ba/komanda-za-podrsku/vijesti/default.aspx?id=2525&langTag=bs-BA
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are no publicly available recorded cases
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
Skip
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not a case in Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
1) Agreement on Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the PRC, dated 18.12.2012. ("Official Gazette of BiH - International Agreements" number: 18/13, entered into force on October 12, 2014); 2) Extradition Agreement between Bosnia and Herzegovina and PRC, dated 18.12.2012. ("Official Gazette of BiH - International Agreements" number: 18/13, entered into force on October 12, 2014); 3) Agreement on Legal Assistance in Civil and Commercial Matters between Bosnia and Herzegovina and PRC, dated 18.12.2012. ("Official Gazette of BiH - International Agreements" number: 18/13 entered into force on October 12, 2014).
- https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/kina-donirala-oruzanim-snagama-bih-opremu-vrijednu-2-5-miliona-km/210331065
- http://www.gd.jcy.gov.cn/jcyw/sfxz/flfgytyxd/201812/t20181212_2440091.shtml#:~:text=60-,%E6%B3%A2%E9%BB%91,2014%E5%B9%B410%E6%9C%8812%E6%97%A5,-61
- http://www.mpr.gov.ba/aktuelnosti/vijesti/default.aspx?id=142&langTag=en-US
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not applicable to Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not a case in Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not a case in Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not applicable to Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not a case in Bosnia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No publicly available reported cases
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
Skip
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are no publicly available recorded cases
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are no publicly available recorded cases
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2018, the Border Police of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a donation from the PRC in the amount of 9.5 million KM, renewed a part of the specialist equipment for surveillance and border checks. This equipment is still in use.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Companies registered in Bosnia, with domestic ownership are providing the mentioned services
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It was reported that at least one telcom from Bosnia has established cooperation with Huawe, with other one examining the opportunity
- https://www.huawei.com/en/huaweitech/publication/winwin/28/bh-telecom-digital-transformation
- https://www.capital.ba/bh-telecom-spreman-za-uvodjenje-5g-mreze/
- http://www.poslovnojutro.ba/tekst/poslovne%20vijesti/ht-eronet-jedini-u-bih-ima-ericssonovu-opremu-za-prelazak-na-5g-mrezu-122733
- https://mtel.ba/Press-centar/a33160-Huawei-5G-Demo-track.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Skip
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
One of the experts has observed the phenomenon in question, but cannot provide or share the documentary evidence required to answer the Indicator in the affirmative.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Bosnia and Herzegovina, where power is divided into the state and several lower ones, does not have a database for the entire country. But data from local ministries, cities and municipalities show an increasing use of surveillance cameras in recent years. According to the data of the BiH Indirect Tax Administration, the import of recording equipment from China has increased in the last five years. Government procurement data shows imports rising from $3.4 million in 2018 to $5.4 million in 2023.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence to support this indicator
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2018 The Ministry of Communications and Transport of Bosnia and Herzegovina signed cooperation agreement with China's tech giant Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. to accelerate the building of smart city during the 3rd China-Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) Conference on Innovation Cooperation held in Sarajevo from November 5 to 7.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Skip
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
One of the experts has observed the phenomenon in question, but cannot provide or share the documentary evidence required to answer the Indicator in the affirmative.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence available through publicly accessable data to support this indicator
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Bosnia and Herzegovina did not sigh such agreement
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Bosnia and Herzegovina did not sigh such agreement
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The PRC has invested more than 3 billion US dollars in Bosnia and Herzegovina by 2023, according to data from the Agency for the Promotion of Foreign Investments in Bosnia and Herzegovina (FIPA), which refers to the "China Global Investment Tracker" research data. According to data from the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Chinese investors invest more in the Republika Srpska entity than in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity. Republika Srpska insists on signing an interstate agreement between BiH and China, in order to implement infrastructure projects. For now, this was not possible, because there was no consent of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This did not stop RS entity from pursuing their own economic interests with China, independently of the BiH state level government. The Chinese bank Exim is ready to finance the largest infrastructure projects in the Republic of Srpska, including the construction of sections of the future highway Belgrade - Banja Luka. The Chinese state company for the construction of roads and railways, "Shandong", has been present in Serbia for a long time, and in 2018, it opened a subsidiary company "SDHS-CSI BH" in Banja Luka (Republika Srpska). They also signed a concession contract for the construction of the Banjaluka-Prijedor highway with the Government of the RS. In the end of 2023, it was announced that Chinese companies, which submitted bids for the construction of the Buk Bijela hydroelectric plant (Drina river), requested additional guarantees from the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina (i.e. RS entity) to sign a contract for this project worth 250 million euros. It is a joint project of Elektroprivreda Srbije and Elektroprivreda Republika Srpska, the hydroelectric plant should be built by one of the three Chinese companies that submitted bids a few months ago - Dongfang Electric Corporation, Power China and Energy China.
- https://www.tanjug.rs/ekonomija/region/88499/kineska-eksim-banka-spremna-da-finansira-najvece-infrastrukturne-projekte-u-republici-srpskoj/vest
- https://www.zurnal.info/clanak/kinezi-traze-drzavnu-imovinu-kao-zalog-poslovanja-u-rs/26590
- https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/chinese-consortium-seals-highway-deal-with-bosnias-serb-republic-2023-02-23/
- https://seenews.com/news/bosnias-serb-republic-crbc-in-mouc-for-100-mln-euro-road-overhaul-850172
- https://sarajevotimes.com/the-republika-srpska-gave-priority-to-the-chinese-in-a-deal-worth-100-million-euros/
- https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/bih-republika-srpska-autocesta/32012168.html
- http://www.bhembassychina.com/bh/chinarelations.php
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
From the period of former Yugoslavia, two Chinese cities already had status of sister cities with cities in Bosnia - Ningbo and Prijedor and Tianjin and Sarajevo. In recent years, the city of Eastern Sarajevo established this level of relationship with city of Cangzhou in Hebei province, and Sarajevo established with Dalian.
- https://lat.rtrs.tv/vijesti/vijest.php?id=533769
- http://www.prijedordanas.com/?p=14937
- https://skupstina.ks.gov.ba/prijedlog-teksta-sporazuma-o-uspostavljanju-prijateljskih-odnosa-saradnje-izmedu-kantona-sarajevo
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Skip
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Visits of the high-level individuals have been recorded regularly, including Chairman of the Council of Ministers Zoran Tegeltija, Prime Minister of Serb Republic, Radovan Viskovic, Mladen Ivanić, former member of presidency and opposition leader, Zlatko Lagumdžija, the ambassador to the UN
- https://lat.rtrs.tv/vijesti/vijest.php?id=533384
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbxw/202308/t20230821_11129805.html
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/2023-10-19/Ex-Bosnian-president-Underdeveloped-nations-see-BRI-s-success-clearly-1o1T9NnkqOc/index.html
- https://www.rferl.org/a/bosnia-serbs-china-debt-crisis/32411122.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/3265_665445/3145_664450/3147_664454/202202/t20220208_10640032.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A meeting of the delegations of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) and the Communist Party of China was held in East Sarajevo, where the strategic partnership of the two political parties was confirmed. The SNSD delegation was led by Staša Košarac, a member of the SNSD Presidency and Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in the Council of Ministers, and the delegation of the Communist Party of China was led by Qian Hongshan, Deputy Minister of the International Department of the Central Committee of this party.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It was reported that two former ministers have received funds from Huawei, but it was justified as a cover of the costs and daily expenses for the trip to China
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No specific information that could support the relevant answer
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are no evidences to support this indicator
Supplementary Notes
*There might be some, but there is no publicly available evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are two relevant cases. The first one is connected to the role of the High Representative, where China reacted and proposed the resolution to end the role of the HR, the decision that was not addopted in front of the UN Security Council, and the second one is the open criticism for the adoption of the UNGA Resolution on Srebrnica Genocide in May of 2024
- https://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/614770/Ambasador-Kine-u-UN-Rezolucija-o-Srebrenici-nije-u-skladu-sa-retorikom-mira-i-stabilnosti
- https://press.un.org/en/2021/sc14585.doc.htm
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are no evidences to support this indicator
Supplementary Notes
might have happened, but no evidence.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The representatives of political parties that are dominant in both entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation and Serb Republic, have publicly supported Chinese role in the field of international relations, as well as the partnership with Bosnia and Herzegovina. Among notable individuals, those are Zlatko Lagumdžija, a representative of the Bpsnia and Herzegovina in the UN, Milorad Dodik, member of Presidency, and Željka Cvijanović, the president of Serb Republic.
- https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/dodik-kompanije-sankcije-drzavni-poslovi-prointer/32999665.html
- https://lat.rtrs.tv/vijesti/vijest.php?id=551976
- https://n1info.ba/vijesti/a224739-lagumdzija-kina-na-velika-vrata-postaje-sila-broj-jedan/
- https://serbian.cri.cn/2023/06/10/ARTIkFlh79DYE9cxeROTLfd9230610.shtml
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Federal parliament has a Friendship group with Asian countries, not China specified.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Aside from aid packages PRC handed in during COVID pandemic, there are some sporadic technical donations in veterinary medicine, security equipment to border police, aid for the fight against african plague (pig illnes), vehicles to the Bosnian armed forces.
- https://detektor.ba/2023/09/14/dodik-na-prijemu-donacije-od-ji-pinga-kazao-da-kina-pruza-pomoc-bez-politickih-obaveza/
- http://os.mod.gov.ba/vojni-portal/default.aspx?id=35186&langTag=bs-BA&template_id=181&pageIndex=1
- https://lat.rtrs.tv/vijesti/vijest.php?id=526430
- https://www.granpol.gov.ba/Publication/Read/937422?title=nr-kina-donirala-granicnoj-policiji-bih-opremu-za-sigurnosne-provjere-u-vrijednosti-oko-9,5-miliona-km&pageId=0
- https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/kina-vakcine-bih-donacija-sinofarm/31229832.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are annual training/capacity building visits of BiH civil servants and parliamentary representatives organized by the PRC MFA. The aplicants spend 3+ weeks in China.
Supplementary Notes
Internal source. One of the respondent worked in the BiH MFA, and has inside knowledge of this practice and multiple colleagues who had participated in his training.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the most recent information, China and BiH decided to draft a deal to strengthen the comprehensive strategic partnership.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
This is a policy which is not codified, but is established in a form of a statement and as a practice within the Bosnian MFA. Page 16 of the URL.
- https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/athen/19416.pdf
- http://www.bhembassychina.com/chinarelations.php
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not a relevant issue for Bosnia and Herzegovina
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Oppose
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom and Canada organized an informal meeting to discuss a joint cross-regional statement on China, to call on Chinese authorities to abide by their human rights obligations, to allow immediate, meaningful and unrestricted access to Xinjiang for independent observers, including the High Commissioner, and to urgently implement CERD’s eight recommendations related to Xinjiang, including ending the arbitrary detention of Uyghurs and members of other Muslim minorities. The proposed statement outlined the continued deterioration of human rights records in Xin jiang, Hong Kong and Tibet. The two missions presented a statement to the Council and sought the support of Bosnia and Herzegovina through diplomatic channels. They suggested that Bosnia and Herzegovina, having previously joined the statement at the third UN Committee in 2020, and in accordance with established practice, follows the positions of EU countries in joining the said statement. Bosnia and Herzegovina eventually co-signed the statement, and the Chinese Embassy in Sarajevo protested this decision strongly and on multiple occasions, urging the Bosnian side to remain neutral and not to interfere in China’s internal matters. They called for the preservation and application of true multilateralism as the right direction to address today’s complex issues, and a way to effectively address traditional and non-traditional security challenges. Page 19 of the URL doc.
- https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/athen/19416.pdf
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202106/1227054.shtml
- https://geneva.usmission.gov/2021/06/22/joint-statement-on-the-human-rights-situation-in-xinjiang/
Supplementary Notes
Dodik osporava potpis BiH na UN izjavi o odnosu Kine prema Ujgurima (slobodnaevropa.org) www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/bih-kina-ujguri-dodik-turkovic-un/31370112.html; In 2021, Bosnian foreign minister signed a Joint Statement on the Human Rights Situation in Xinjiang which was later denounced by member of presidency Milorad Dodik who said that it was signed withoug permision of the presidency.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not a relevant issue for Bosnia and Herzegovina
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Bosnia and Herzegovina did not align with the EU declaration on Hong Kong in 2022. It did not condemn, nor support China formally.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.