Sierra Leone
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 49 / 101 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 145 / 396 | - |
Sep 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 55 / 101 | - |
| Level of Score | 36 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 45 / 101 | - |
| Level of Score | 10 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 25 / 101 | - |
| Level of Score | 48 % | - |
In 2023, Sierra Leone had a GDP per capita of US$433 and a population of 8.37 million people.
The PRC established diplomatic relations with Sierra Leone in July 1971. Sierra Leone was ranked 64 in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Partly Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 60/100.
Key Takeaways
- The Government of Sierra Leone continues to work with and increase its relationship with China, particularly in the Domains of Economy and Academia. The government is signing partnerships and agreements with the PRC or its related institutions.
- The PRC and its agencies continue to make inroads into the media. A lot of journalists are allowed to go to China for exchange visits and on their return their perceptions of the PRC change. They are inclined to practice the PRC’s model of journalism.
- There is a serious challenge with acquiring data to serve as evidence for certain indicators in Sierra Leone. This is against the backdrop that Indicators may have occurred, but the data are not in the public domain.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a "completely influenced" level of 100%. The percentages express the country's score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are media institutions, particulalry newspapers, that promote PRC's activities in Sierra Leone by alawys publishing favourable contents for them. However, there is no evidence to show that they are part of the World Chinses Media network.
Supplementary Notes
There are media institutions, particulalry newspapers, that promote PRC's activities in Sierra Leone by alawys publishing favourable contents for them. However, there is no evidence to show that they are part of the World Chinses Media network.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
22 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sierra Leonean journalists have been beneficiaries of Chinese-funded travel from the outset.
- https://cocorioko.net/sierra-leonean-journalists-in-beijing-for-seminar-on-new-media/
- https://cocorioko.net/31-sierra-leonean-media-officials-journalists-head-for-china/
- https://thecalabashnewspaper.com/30-sierra-leone-journalists-depart-for-china/
- https://thecalabashnewspaper.com/beijing-hosts-sierra-leonean-journalists-for-2023-media-seminar-aiming-to-strengthen-bilateral-cooperation-and-enhance-media-development/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sierra Leonean journalists have been beneficiaries of Chinese-funded travel from the outset.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are newspapers like Calabah, A-Z and Awoko that published cheap or free contents provided by the Chinese Embassy in Freetown. But that is not the case across the majority of media institutions in the country. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "insignificant" rating.
- https://thecalabashnewspaper.com/chinas-development-will-bring-greater-opportunities-to-sierra-leone/
- https://awokonewspaper.sl/chinese-embassy-organises-third-information-salon-of-this-year/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Regular PRC state media or government advertisements have not been observed as inserted in local newspapers, online news, and websites, or social media.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is however a pattern that media houses publishing stories of the PRC are normally spotted by the Chinese Embassy in Sierra Leone and rewarded for trips to China. Other journalists, who do not do so are deprived of such trips.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
22 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, media houses in Sierra Leone, particularly newspapers that have benefited from Chinese scholarships and sponsored trips, do use emotive language such as 'friendship' and 'brotherhood' to describe relations with the PRC. Their reporting often emphasizes positive narratives about China-Sierra Leone ties, reinforcing themes of close bilateral cooperation.
- https://thecalabashnewspaper.com/chinese-embassy-hosts-3rd-face-to-face-with-china-event-spotlights-economic-growth-and-bilateral-relations/
- http://en.cidca.gov.cn/2024-02/29/c_966090.htm
- https://english.news.cn/20240229/09a9feb4b4014f1a823698f1a2e53abb/c.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are few of them, but that is evidenced mostly in conversations during interviews. Some have said so me during interview, but would not want to be quoted.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
41 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The University of Makeni in Sierra was part of nine African universities that signed partnership with Chinese universities.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
40 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sierra Leone was designed to become the headquarters of the West African regional office of Confucius Institute
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
However, Chinese language is taught at the Fourah Bay College primary school. This is because the college hosts a Conficius Institute.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese Embassy in Sierra Leone in it’s bid to contribute to the promotion of Higher Education is presently aiding the University of Makeni (UNIMAK) in short and long term academic programmes.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Staff from the University of Makeni have taken sponsored trips to the PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
88 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
70 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A recent book by a former minister of Sierra Leone, Professor David Francis, is one such book that regurgitates Chinese talking points. As a result, it was gladly celebrated by the Chinese Ambassador to Sierra Leone.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
39 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the Global Edge, Sierra Leone does not have any trade parner data.However, various publications shows that China leads many other countries as Sierra Leone's key trading partner both in terms of import and export. Therefore, the Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/SLE/Year/LTST/TradeFlow/EXPIMP/Partner/by-country
- https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/sierra-leone/tradestats
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
he section on 'Chinese Loans a Small Share (under 15%) of Debt Stock: 12 Debt-Distressed Countries' suggests that China owns under 15% of Sierra Leone's debt.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The researcher was unable to have concrete evidence on this indicator
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
63 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese related companies own critical infrastructure and sensitive sectors. Therefore, this indicator deserves.a "Yes" response.
- https://www.economist.com/china/2021/08/19/in-sierra-leone-a-chinese-port-building-plan-raises-ire
- https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/19/china-deal-to-build-a-fishing-harbor-in-sierra-leone-meets-resistance.html
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
71 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank's website lists its regional, non-regional and prospective members and Sierra Leone is not among them.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
But the country is part of them, for example Sierra Leone is part of Belt and Road Initiave.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no Sierra Leonean bank participating in CIPS. See the weblink for the list of participating banks.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The government of Sierra Leone is so closely aligned with the Chinese government that it will not welcome any criticism of the PRC. See Section 4 in the attached statement between President Bio and Xi Jinping for confirmation.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sierra Leone and China have trade agreements. Sierra Leone and China have signed the African Continental Free Trade Agreement. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://mofaic.gov.sl/sierra-leone-signs-economic-and-technical-cooperation-agreements-with-china/
- https://www.investinginsierraleone.com/trade-and-investment/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
39 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
97 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
23 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no form of engagement or exchanges between labour unions in Sierra and the All-China Federation of Trade Union.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese Embassy has been giving donations to religious groups and charities. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.
- https://www.facebook.com/people/Chinese-Embassy-in-Sierra-Leone/100064919281086/
- https://english.news.cn/africa/20220429/e4f1d0e8caa04a65a038cd1ae0f4877f/c.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
While television stations, for example, braodcast TV shows, there is no evidence to show that they are distributed by PRC-connected entities. The Chinese related shows are no longer broiadcast on Sierra Leone's public service broadcaster like they were in the past. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
TikTok is not one of the top-ranking social media or messaging apps in Sierra Leone.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China funds cultural exchanges and training for Sierra Leoneans, as well as the funding of Confucius Institutes in the country.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
96 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
This has not happened in Sierra Leone.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
39 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a large number of citizens who have positive views of China as a country in so fa as development issues are concerned. They see China as a development partner. But even at that it is not majority (Afrobarometer study). Those who know the China's system of governance do not have postive views about it. Some citizens have even raised concerns about the investments and businesses of PRC's entities in the country.
- https://adf-magazine.com/2022/07/controversy-clouds-sierra-leones-harbor-deal-with-china/
- https://www.afrobarometer.org/articles/in-sierra-leone-the-u-s-outranks-china-as-positive-influence/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
59 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The military has been a beneficiary of PRC's supports over the years. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "yes" response.
- https://ayvnews.com/chinese-military-hands-over-aid-to-sierra-leone/
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3218772/china-donates-patrol-boat-sierra-leone-tackle-illegal-fishing-and-piracy-west-africa
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sierra Leone has participated in the Global Security Initiative. This statement from the attached weblink confirms this: 'The Chinese president welcomed Sierra Leone to participate in the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, and to jointly promote the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.
Supplementary Notes
This point from the weblink confirms Sierra Leone's participation in the China-Africa Peace and Security Forum: 'Colonel Stephen Sevalie, commander of the Joint Medical Unit under the Sierra Leone Armed Forces and president of the No. 34 Military Hospital.' This took place in 2021: Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence seen for last year. But they have done so in previous years. See the URL.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
92 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
8 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
From 2014 to 2015, the PLA deployed 524 medical staff on a rotational basis to combat the Ebola virus outbreak in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
44 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The military had benefitted from PRC training in the past. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
38 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, senior military leaders from Sierra Leone have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
70 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Sierra Leone Military and PLA's enjoy military cooperation and exchanges
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
67 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Supplementary Notes
Sierra Leone sigmed an agreement on countering terrorsim in 2022 but not with PRC. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of this indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The weblink shows that Sierra Leone police officers have received training from a PRC-connected entity.
- https://politicosl.com/articles/10-sierra-leone-police-officers-trained-operate-forensic-machine
- https://globaltimes-sl.com/2023/10/04/%F0%9D%9F%90%F0%9D%9F%93-%F0%9D%90%8F%F0%9D%90%A8%F0%9D%90%A5%F0%9D%90%A2%F0%9D%90%9C%F0%9D%90%9E-%F0%9D%90%8F%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%AB%F0%9D%90%AC%F0%9D%90%A8%F0%9D%90%A7%F0%9D%90%A7%F0%9D%90%9E/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
92 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of this indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
70 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no Chinese overseas police station in Sierra Leone. The eleven African countries where China has overseas police stations are: Angola, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, and Zambia.
- https://africachinareporting.com/not-a-police-station-the-chinese-community-and-police-cooperation-centre-in-south-africa/
- https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/110-overseas-230000-chinese-persuaded-return
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
87 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sierra Leone has only arrested and deported illegal Chinese miners. See the weblink for further information.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
63 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The SMART project promoted in Africa by China involves surveillance technology as part of its smart city initiatives.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
36 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
33 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are indications of partnership agreement between the government of Sierra Leone and Huawei
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
32 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
78 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei is a major vendor in Sierra Leone and across the African continent
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
39 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei's fiber optics is available in Sierra Leone. See the attached weblink for your reference.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
45 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China has signed space cooperation agreements with African countries, but Sierra Leone is not one of them.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sierra Leone and China have signed various agreements for supports in different areas, including education, roads and infrastructure. However, these agreements have not happened at the sub-national level
- http://en.people.cn/n3/2018/0214/c90000-9427668.html
- http://en.people.cn/n3/2019/0402/c90000-9563046.html
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-05/15/c_139948096.htm
- https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/19/china-deal-to-build-a-fishing-harbor-in-sierra-leone-meets-resistance.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In March 1984, Hefei, the capital city of East China's Anhui Province, established a sister-city relationship with Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Various Ministries, Departments and Agencies got trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
28 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Siera Leonean Foreign Minister visited China in 2023 and held meeting with his compatriot in Beijing
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
22 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, representatives of political parties in Sierra Leone’s national legislature have been invited to visit the People’s Republic of China or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CPC).
- http://en.cppcc.gov.cn/2024-02/29/c_966140.htm
- http://sl.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/202404/t20240408_11277986.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
While there may be campaign donations to politicians or political parties, such things are not done openly.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
- https://dhse.gov.sl/china-is-very-responsive-when-you-need-help-dr-austin-demby/
- http://www.focac.org/eng/zfgx_4/jmhz/202102/t20210224_10127073.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
26 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
22 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
These statements are mostly made in public events and are largely under-reported. It is common among ruling government officials and staff of ministries, departments and agencies.
- https://awokonewspaper.sl/sierra-leone-news-intl-community-praise-chinas-aid-to-ebola-hit-countries/
- http://en.cidca.gov.cn/2021-03/22/c_605333.htm
- http://en.people.cn/n3/2023/0301/c90000-10214348.html
Supplementary Notes
- https://mofaic.gov.sl/china-sierra-leone-diplomatic-relationship-clocked-50-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-and-chinese-embassy-in-sierra-leone-hosts-trade-and-investment-symposium/
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-06/12/c_1310003453.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
This statement validates the ranking of this question: 'The Sierra Leonean side reiterated its firm commitment to the one-China principle, recognizing that the government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China, and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China's territory. The Sierra Leonean side firmly opposes any form of "Taiwan independence" or external interference in China's internal affairs, reaffirms that it will not develop any form of official exchanges with Taiwan, and supports all efforts made by the Chinese government to achieve national reunification. Sierra Leone also firmly supports China's position on issues related to Hong Kong, Xinjiang, and Xizang.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
74 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sierra Leone is one of the heavily indebted countries to China on the African continent.
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
While there are many seminars funded by the Chines government for civil servants, there is no evidence to show that they are on "governance". Those trips have largely been descried as sightseeing.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Dissidents or opposition political actors will not seek refuge in China. Rather, they will prefer to go to Western countries such as the EU, the UK, or the US.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kandeh Yumkella, formerly a presidential aspirant in Sierra Leone participated in the 2018 annual meeting of the CCICED
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The diplomatic relationship between Sierra Leone and the PRC is at the level of technical cooperation.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The statement of Sierra Leone's Foreign minister during a 2023 visit to China confirms that: "Sierra Leone cherishes its relations with China and firmly pursues the one-China principle."
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
61 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
19 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, Sierra Leone has supported China's territorial claims, specifically regarding the South China Sea.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
37 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
33 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, Sierra Leone has explicitly supported China's position regarding its treatment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang.
- https://www.voanews.com/a/why-african-nations-are-mostly-silent-on-china-s-rights-record-/6760590.html
- http://sl.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/202404/t20240408_11277986.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
56 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
23 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, Sierra Leone has explicitly supported China's position regarding Tibet.
- https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2008-03-22/030515199496.shtml
- http://sl.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/202404/t20240408_11277986.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
47 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
29 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, Sierra Leone has explicitly supported China's actions regarding Hong Kong.
- https://www.axios.com/2020/07/02/countries-supporting-china-hong-kong-law
- http://sl.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/202404/t20240408_11277986.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.