Kenya
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 14 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 201 / 396 | - |
Sep 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 11 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 60 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 44 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 10 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 30 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 44 % | - |
In 2023, Kenya had a GDP per capita of US$1,950 and a total population of 54.79 million people.
Kenya established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1963. Kenya was ranked 102nd in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Partly Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 52/100.
Key Takeaways
- The PRC's biggest influence in Kenya can be seen in the Media and Economy Domains. The media plays a vital part in PRC influence efforts, owing to the Chinese media prescence in Kenya, which in turn has resulted in state media content published in Swahili, content agreements with PRC state media, and PRC stakeholdings in the distribution of digital TV signals.
- Kenyan politicians from the past and current regime have shown an eagerness to learn from CCP longevity, which illustrates the influence that China has on Kenya's politics. This includes regular visits by CCP officials to Kenya to train political parties and meet with party members and parliamentarians.
- In the Domestic Politics Pomain, legislation preventing local governments from engaging directly with foreign countries and signing deals has reduced local level engagement with the PRC which only happens at a government to government level.
- Compared to other Domains, Law Enforcement is the least influenced. The evidence of influence in the Domain is systematic, consisting of trainings offered to police officers in Kenya and the use of Chinese sourced surveillance equipment.
- China has shown intent to increase its military cooperation with Kenya. China has donated military equipment such as vehicles to the Kenya Defence Forces, and Kenya's military has introduced Chinese language lessons for military personnel. These Indicators, coupled with claims of interest in setting up a base in the country, warrant closer analysis of influence in this Domain.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
StarTimes Media, the parent company of Startimes Kenya, a cable and satellite company, is a member of the Belt and Road Media Community. The Kenya Union of Journalists (KUJ) are also listed as members of the Belt and Road Journalists Network. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. StarTimes Kenya is accessible in more than 70 per cent of Kenya and also offers subscribers Free to Air digital television services. KUJ on the other hand, is the media industry trade union and works closely with PRC media alliances. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Significant” rating.
- https://www.pressbridge.net/journalism-exchange
- https://web.archive.org/web/20190328105954/http://brmc.chnpec.com/en/MEMBER/2018/03/14/401ab6e5bee54af8b0ce94af69cfa08a.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence that two Kenyan journalists travelled to China for separate programs in 2023, one funded directly by the Chinese embassy in Kenya and the other a four-month media exchange program by the China International Press Communication Center (CIPCC). Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The trip is the first to be sponsored by the embassy in collaboration with the association of Kenyan editors. Kenyan journalists have travelled to China annually for months long trainings as part of the CIPCC. The case documented in 2023 was part of an ongoing trend. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.
- https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/realtime/2023-09-19-radio-africas-tom-jalio-selected-for-china-editorial-fellowship/
- https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/realtime/2023-08-04-second-cohort-of-chinas-media-exchange-program-starts/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Two Kenyan journalists are documented as attendees of fellowships run by the China Africa Press Centre (CAPC) and Renmin University. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" response. CAPC has been running since 2014. It which hosts workshops, training sessions, and cultural activities and attaches the trainees to Chinese state media organisations as part of the program. They are required to produce stories and publish them in their home countries. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- http://shandong.chinadaily.com.cn/2022-08/03/c_794333.htm
- https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/realtime/2023-08-04-second-cohort-of-chinas-media-exchange-program-starts/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Two PRC state media outlets People's Daily, China Radio International (CRI) and Xinhua News Agency produce content which is published and broadcasted in Swahili. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. Swahili is Kenya's most widely spoken language. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Significant” rating.
- https://nation.africa/kenya/news/china-people-s-daily-launches-swahili-edition-3540082
- https://swahili.cri.cn/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenyan media outlets Nation Media Group, The Standard, Kenya News Agency, Capital FM and KBC publish free content provided by PRC state funded media. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. KBC cooperates with Xinhua to produce weekly foreign affairs program "Dunia Wiki Hii". A news article from 2012 mentions Nation as having an agreement with Xinhua and the Standard of being skeptical. The two barely publish news wire stories from Xinhua while Capital FM which has a dedicated China Daily and CGTN page is not a major news source. KBC on the has extended partnerships with various Chinese state media entities. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.
- https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/xhinua-news-agency-president-fu-hua-visits-kenya-news-agency-at-uchumi-house-nairobi-3/
- https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/author/cddaily/
- https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/sr_516-china_media_propaganda_africa.pdf
- https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2023/10/chinese-state-media-expands-partnerships-with-kenyan-media-dominates-local-kenya-china-coverage/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Rather than classic advertisements, Chinese state news agency runs advertorials in two of Kenya's print titles, Daily Nation and The Standard. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. The articles are published in sections of their websites dedicated to brands. Daily Nation and The Standard are Kenya's leading print publications. Daily Nation sells around 180,000 copies a day. The Standard is believed to sell around 60,000. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://nation.africa/kenya/brand-book/xinhua-news-agency-2371834
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/counties/article/2001474076/xiplomacy-how-close-people-to-people-bond-consolidates-cooperation-between-china-eritrea
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya's KBC has run a news report that describes China's relationship in familial terms. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The familial description is not the media's own analysis of the situation but based on similar words used in press releases and statements provided by news makers often times the government or Chinese state officials or state linked entities. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya's state broadcaster KBC has carried an op-ed by one of its journalists which denounced claims of human rights abuses. The Star has also run an opinion article by a commentator who denies any abuses. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. KBC does not have a high viewership in the country while The Star also falls behind it's rivals in print readership it is one of Kenya's most visited digital news sources. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.
- https://www.the-star.co.ke/opinion/2023-05-19-the-perils-of-americas-coercive-democracy/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20191119144801/https://www.kbc.co.ke/chinas-govt-gears-up-efforts-to-alleviate-poverty-in-xinjiang/
- https://www.pd.co.ke/news/much-ado-about-xinjiang-cotton-72837/
- https://www.pd.co.ke/news/how-us-conflict-with-china-over-xinjiang-risk-africas-energy-future-85580/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Universities in Kenya have partnerships with Chinese entities such as Huawei which have resulted in exchanges, scholarships and trainings. Students from Mount Kenya University have participated in Global Huawei ICT Competition which is part of the Huawei ICT Academy. These universities include Zetech University, University of Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta University. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. These partnerships have resulted in travel of Kenyan students to China and have the support of key government agencies such as Kenya ICT Authority. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Significant” rating.
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-02/01/c_137792743.htm
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/19/c_137265761.htm
- https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/248220/1/sais-cari-pb41.pdf
- https://www.huawei.com/ke/news/ke/2020/huawei-ict-academy
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sci-tech/article/2001497463/seeds-for-the-future-25-students-to-travel-to-china-for-huaweis-digital-skills-training
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Confucius Institutes have been established in four of Kenya's largest public universities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. The centres have been established at the University of Nairobi, Moi University, Kenyatta University and Egerton University. As at 2020, the institute at University of Nairobi had enrolled close to 20,000 students to learn Chinese. It also had programs for the students to experience their authentic multidimensional and panoramic view of China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Significant” rating.
- https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2022/11/the-allure-of-chinese-language-among-kenyan-students/
- https://confucius.ku.ac.ke/
- http://confucius.uonbi.ac.ke/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As part of a new curriculum, learners in junior secondary schools have the option of Mandarin as a foreign language. Kenya's curriculum development body has approved and validated Mandarin Chinese curriculum designs for upper primary school and junior secondary. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://nation.africa/kenya/news/education/back-to-school-as-education-reforms-kick-in-4348820
- https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202305/26/WS6470ab0fa310b6054fad5540.html
- https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202304/04/WS642b7c9ca31057c47ebb8365.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology hosts the Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre which is dedicated to biodiversity conservation, precision agriculture and climate mitigation. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Vice chancellor of Kenya's largest university took a trip to Beijing to attend a conference sponsored by China’s Ministry of Education. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The trip resulted in the signing of agreements that will see students from the university travel to China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Currently, the government of Kenya with the assistance of Kenyan and Chinese experts is developing a curriculum that would introduce the teaching of the Chinese language in public schools (both secondary and primary) within a year or two. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" rating.
- https://africachinareporting.com/kenya-mandarin-chinese/
- https://chinaglobalsouth.com/migrated-posts/china-kenya-education-non-profit-huawei-skills-transfer/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Two Kenyan scholars in international relations have published articles which have accused the West of presenting themselves as the 'police' of human rights, labelling China's record of human rights as objective. The articles have also pushed China's narratives about the Winter Olympics in Beijing. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The articles were published in op-eds in Chinese state media such as China Daily or as op-eds in KBC. As such, the impact on the Kenyan audience could be minimal. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.kbc.co.ke/china-restates-its-objective-stand-on-human-rights/
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202201/12/WS61de2b2ea310cdd39bc807da.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya's president William Ruto recently stated that China had rapidly risen to become Kenya's leading trading partner. The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics indicates that China has become the largest trading partner, foreign investor and project contractor. Kenya's total exports to China reached 27.5 billion shillings ($193 millions) while imports from China hit $3.17 billion in 2022. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a ""Yes"" response.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWQp3OfmJjQ
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001483597/ruto-hails-bilateral-ties-between-kenya-and-china
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya government data shows that China accounted for 73% of Kenya's bilateral debt in 2022. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/As-China-debt-looms-Kenya-president-seeks-more-diverse-funding#:~:text=China%20accounted%20for%2073%25%20of,by%20a%20multibillion%2Ddollar%20loan
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001279079/china-now-controls-66-per-cent-of-kenya-s-bilateral-debt/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to The World Bank, China is the top export destination for Kenya's minerals. In 2021, Kenya exported minerals worth USD 150 million to China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The 27km Nairobi Expressway was built by the China Road and Bridge Corporation under a public-private partnership model. CRBC, through subsidiary Moja Expressway Company operates the toll road. Afristar, the company contracted to operate the Chinese built Standard Gauge Railway, is owned by China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a ""Yes"" response.
- https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/0OAOF880.html
- https://www.kas.de/documents/286528/0/Landerbericht+Chinas+engagement+in+Kenya.pdf/c6973460-ece7-6be8-6d1a-83ce3602cc81?version=1.0&t=1680008491825
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) published a report in 2018 announcing Kenya's decision to join it. There is no evidence to suggest that the situation has changed. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/04/c_137154262.htm
- https://qz.com/africa/1273424/kenya-joins-china-led-asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-aiib
- https://www.aiib.org/en/news-events/news/2018/AIIB-Approves-Membership-of-Papua-New-Guinea-and-Kenya.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The official website of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce lists Kenya's National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KNCCI) as one of the national observers. KNCCI also has a collaboration agreement with China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://srcic.org/guanchayuan/
- https://www.kenyachamber.or.ke/2023/09/04/collaboration-between-kncci-and-china-council-for-the-promotion-of-international-trade-ccpit/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya has built special economic zones in Naivasha and Dogo Kundu. Statements from the government have indicated that part of the intention is to attract Chinese investment. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://en.imsilkroad.com/p/333717.html
- https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2023/09/kenya-woos-chinese-investors-into-industrial-parks/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A delegation comprising of the top leadership of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) led Mr. ZHAO Shihong has had an official visit to Kenya where they held bilateral talks with COTU-K. COTU - K is the central body bringing together all the trade unions in Kenya. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese community in Kenya marked the Lunar New Year in 2024 in an event that was organised by the Chinese Embassy in Kenya and the UN. This was the flagship event held in the year. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" response. The involvement of the UN comes after the agency recognised the holiday as a floating holiday. It was thus a China - UN event and not a China - Kenya event. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "insignificant" response.
- https://www.kbc.co.ke/chinese-embassy-holds-reception-in-nairobi-for-upcoming-lunar-new-year-celebrations/
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gi5Pv3dBJM8
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Kenya Union of Journalists (KUJ), the main trade union for Kenyan journalists cooperate with the All-China Journalists Association (ACJA) in 2020 sd part of an initiative by ACJA to support and appreciate China’s efforts in combating COVID-19, and agreed to spread rational voices, oppose rumors and work together in solidarity to fight against the pandemic. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.
- http://www.chinaja.org.cn/2020-04/13/c_138971550.htm
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-11/18/c_139523226.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese entities and the Chinese diaspora in Kenya often make donations to Kenyan charities, and communities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.pulselive.co.ke/news/local/shiphrah-centre-receives-solar-panels-from-avic-international-holding-corporation/8q0mde1
- https://africa.cgtn.com/chinese-firm-donates-solar-system-to-kenyan-school/
- http://en.people.cn/n3/2023/0215/c90000-10207975.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pan African Network Group (Pang), owned by Chinese investors, is one of the two companies licensed to distribute digital broadcasting signal in Kenya. Startimes, a Chinese electronics and media company offers digital terrestrial television and satellite television services to consumers in Kenya. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. PANG distributes free to air digital terrestrial TV which is the most popular. Startimes provides low cost set top boxes and is widely used in Kenya. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Significant” rating.
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/counties/article/2000154391/pang-ownership-disclosed-to-parliamentary-team
- https://techcabal.com/2015/12/07/startimes-announces-free-set-top-box-offer/
- https://www.kbc.co.ke/startimes-acquires-exclusive-pay-tv-broadcasting-rights-for-afcon-2023/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
One of the top 5 apps is Tiktok, which is developed by ByteDance Ltd. a Chinese internet technology company headquartered in Beijing is one of the most popular social apps in Kenya. According to the Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023 survey, Kenya leads the world in TikTok usage.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenyan institutions have held events to celebrate Chinese culture such as songs and food and held sports events including football, basketball and golf tournaments in Nairobi contested by players from Kenya and China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. The events were sponsored and attended by Club of Sino- Africa Culture and Tourism, Confucius Institute at the University of Nairobi (CIUON) The event was planned as a one off event as part of celebrations for the 60th anniversary of China and Kenya diplomatic ties. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202306/05/WS647d8fdfa31033ad3f7ba8a7.html
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/unique-sports/article/2001464734/diplomatic-games-kenya-china-to-engage-in-international-tournaments-to-mark-60-year-relationship
- https://confucius.uonbi.ac.ke/latest-news/chinese-culture-activities-kenya-national-library
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Separate studies of Kenyan population samples by Pew Research Centre, Afrobarometer and YouGov-Cambridge Globalism Project have found that Kenyan have positive views about China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” rating.
- https://www.voanews.com/a/survey-africans-see-china-as-positive-force/6813313.html
- https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2023/07/27/views-of-china/
- https://www.swp-berlin.org/assets/afrika/publications/MTA_working_paper/MTA_WP08_2023_Otele_Chinas_Model_of_Development.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2022, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) gave military vehicles and engineering equipment to the Kenya Army at Kahawa Garrison in Nairobi. The military aid gratis was recieved by Cabinet Secretary for Defence Honourable Eugene Wamalwa. Kenya imported law enforcement equipment, including armoured vehicles from China in 2018. Therefore, this indicator deserves a ""Yes"" response. Wednesday, 30 March 2022 received.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya participated in the 3rd China-Africa Security Forum in 2023. Senior Kenya Defence Forces officers were present at the event. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Supplementary Notes
The evidence of Kenya's presence at the venue is visible is 00:16 of the video.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A 2021 report by the US Department of Defence said that the PRC was considering Kenya as locations for PLA facilities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/news/article/2001385607/china-to-establish-military-base-in-kenya
- https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/us-issues-warnings-over-china-plan-military-bases-kenya-3608702
Supplementary Notes
China has denied that it has any such plans for a base in Kenya. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence that one ranking members of the military studied and earned their masters degrees from the National Defence University-China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya Navy Commander Major General (Maj Gen) Jimson Mutai met with Chinese Defence Attachè (DA) to Kenya, Senior Colonel Qiu Yawei on 14 February 2023, at the Kenya Navy (KN) Headquarters. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Meetings with defence attaches are common and are expected as part of the engagements of senior military leaders. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya signed The Treaty on Extradition, the Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance and the Treaty on the Transfer of Prisoners with China at the Belt and Road Summit in 2017. The Kenyan cabinet approved an extradition treaty with China in March 2023. The Chinese legislature has ratified the treaty. However, the Kenyan parliament is yet to pass a vote on the extradition treaty. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.chinajusticeobserver.com/a/china-ratifies-extradition-treaties-with-armenia-congo-kenya-and-uruguay
- https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/kenya-approves-extradition-of-nationals-to-china-italy-4167508
- https://statelaw.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ISSUE-NO-1.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.pd.co.ke/news/kenya-china-to-enhance-security-partnership-202636/
- https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/realtime/2023-09-20-kenyachina-to-partner-in-intelligence-sharing-ps-omollo/
Supplementary Notes
The response to this Indicator is no. However, Kenya recently expressed the desire for closer cooperation with China to combat global threats such as terrorism, cyberattacks, transnational crime and regional conflicts.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2021, the National Police Service announced a plan to send at least 400 police officers to China each year for training. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Members of the presidential guard, paramilitary, forensics, wildlife unit and criminal investigators were the priority. Kenya had in 2018 sent officers to China for a specialized four-week training on guarding the railway. As of 31st December, 2021 the total number of Police officers stood at 101,421. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.chinatoday.com.cn/World/202107/t20210705_800252181.html
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/24/c_137201302.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is one documented instance of cyber attack and espionage targeting the Kenyan government which is suspected to have originated from the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" response. A 2023 Reuters investigation claimed Chinese hackers targeted key ministries and state institutions. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Kenya National Police Service (NPS) is running a video surveillance centre in Nairobi fitted with CCTV cameras that were provided by the Chinese government. The centre focuses on the Nairobi - Mombasa railway. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Africa Data Centres. a leading communications solutions provider across 13 countries including Kenya signed a deal with China Telecom for the deployment of a China Telecom Point of Presence (POP) at Africa Data Centres. The partnership is expected to offer Africa Data Centres' customers extended global connectivity and Internet services. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
One telecom operator in Kenya has adopted 5G hardware developed by Huawei. Therefor, this Indicator deserves a "Few" response. Safaricom is Kenya's biggest telecoms operator. It is running 5G high-speed internet network using technology from Huawei, as well as Nokia. Safaricom has remained the most dominant telco with over 46.7 million subscribers as of March 31, 2023. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/safaricom-launches-east-africas-first-5g-network-huawei-vendor-2021-03-26/
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3127307/kenya-continue-working-huawei-5g-roll-out-it-minister-says
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
ISPs in Kenya such as Safaricom and Jamii Telecom and Telkom Kenya have agreements to use hardware developed by PRC enterprises. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" response. The installation of fibre optic in 2014 was through a project is funded by EXIM Bank of China, through a concessional government-to-government loan agreement whose conditions include awarding the contract to Chinese-owned firm Huawei. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei has supplied the Kenya Police with security surveillance equipment and radio communications systems. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001239862/business-huawei-boost-to-police
- https://kenyanwallstreet.com/huawei-signs-agreement-kenya-supply-security-equipment/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence that the Kenyan government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology produced by PRC-connected entities. This technology is planned for use in upcoming smart city projects such as Konza City. Huawei has also supplied the Kenya Police with security surveillance equipment and radio communications systems. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The CCTV system acquired from Huawei is the flagship surveillance system in Nairobi. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://epic.org/the-rise-of-chinese-surveillance-technology-in-africa-part-4-of-6/
- https://www.biometricupdate.com/201910/chinese-biometric-surveillance-technology-deployed-internationally-amid-criticism
- https://www.codastory.com/authoritarian-tech/africa-surveillance-china-magnum/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya's smart city project Konza Technopolis is under development with the involvement of Huawei. Huawei is contracted to develop the Konza Data Center and Smart City. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. Konza is a key flagship project of Kenya's Vision 2030 economic development and is billed as the largest in Africa. Huawei will develop the Konza project at a cost of Sh17.5 billion. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Significant” rating."
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya has been linked to a submarine fibre optic cable linking Africa with Asia and Europe that is fronted by Chinese firms. The 511km Pakistan and East Africa Connecting Europe (Peace) cable network connects Kenya to Pakistan, Djibouti and Europe through an entry point in Nyali, Mombasa. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.voanews.com/a/kenya-gets-huawei-linked-chinese-communications-cable/6508395.html
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/business/article/2001381599/kenya-roped-into-china-fibre-cable
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence that PRC connected venture capital have invested in two Kenyan startups. MSA Capital has invested in Kenya's Wapi Pay a startup facilitating cross-border payments between Africa and Asia. China’s Tencent Investment has invested in Kakua - an edutainment platform. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Wapi Pay seeks to expand across the African continent. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://afrikanheroes.com/2021/08/04/why-this-china-based-fund-backed-a-2-2m-pre-seed-round-for-2-year-old-kenyan-fintech-wapi-pay/
- https://techtrendske.co.ke/2022/07/01/kenyan-edutainment-startup-kakua-has-raised-6m-in-series-a-funding/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya is one 17 countries, and the only African country included in countries expected to carry out research at China's Tiangong Space Station. The US raised alarm in September 2020 over a planned partnership between Kenya and China, arguing it would put US space expansion plans at risk. Therefore, this indicator deserves a ""Yes"" rating.
- https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/kenyachinese-space-station-deal-alarms-us-2371670
- https://cioafrica.co/kenya-selected-to-join-chinas-space-mission/
- https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/stsc/2022/statements/4_KENYA_ver.1_9_Feb_AM.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence of three county governments out of 47 signing agreement with PRC state owned enterprises. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Sub national government can only deal with foreign countries/ entities with the involvement of the national government. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/china-kilifi-county-partnership-to-spur-economic-growth/
- https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/news/counties/Embu-signs-Sh25-5bn-deal-with-Chinese-firm/4003142-5357344-7ql9po/index.html
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4N8m3e37DLg
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Kenya, three counties have a sister city agreement with PRC Cities. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Kilifi, a county on the Indian Ocean coastline, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Jiangxi Province and Jiujiang City leaders in 2023 that will serve as the foundation of cooperation and make them sister city. Others are Mombasa which has a similar agreement with Guangzhou and Fuzhou while Nairobi is a twin city with Kunming. There is no evidence to suggest that any other 44 counties has signed this. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.kbc.co.ke/kenyan-counties-benefiting-from-twinning-with-chinese-counterparts/
- http://www.eguangzhou.gov.cn/2018-06/05/c_253291.htm
- http://www.fuzhou.gov.cn/zgfzzt/zjrc/gjyhcs/202401/t20240102_4748931.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Council of governors, which brings together governors of the 47 counties in Kenya, has visited China as part of presidential delegations and met with local PRC officials. In President William Ruto's visit in 2023 the council sent three representatives, including its chairperson. Other governors have gone in their own capacity. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a Few" rating. The governors were interested in sub national cooperation under the Belt and Road Cooperation and are pushing for closer partnerships for direct trade and investment with Counties that can foster economic growth and job creation. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.cog.go.ke/component/k2/item/317-governors-council-calls-for-increased-investments-in-counties-at-third-belt-and-road-forum-for-international-cooperation-brf-in-china
- https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/kisii/governor-arati-leads-kisii-county-delegation-to-china-4295572
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Members of Kenya's ruling political parties maintain close ties with the CPC. Both the immediate former ruling party Jubilee and current ruling party UDA have prioritised ties with CPC. Therefore this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Jubilee sent its senior management to China in 2018 to be trained by the CPC. Jubilee's chairperson was an attendee of the July 6, 2021 World Political Parties Summit held virtually. UDA, on the other hand, has invited the CPC to Kenya to train its members.Jubilee had a majority in the National Assembly between 2013 and 2022 while UDA currently has the majority. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- http://www.chinafrica.cn/Homepage/202103/t20210326_800241566.html
- http://ke.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zkgx/sbjw/201807/t20180716_7130026.htm
- https://english.news.cn/africa/20230225/ee8ded96c6cc4c84a9f7fae64641736f/c.html
- https://twitter.com/ChineseEmbKenya/status/1412776014841892869
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Politicians from the ruling party in Kenya, among them the Deputy President, have spoken highly of the longevity of the Communist Party of China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The leaders have highlighted a need for Kenya to learn and put in similar structure to acquire similar longevity. Some announcement that have followed include the plans to build a political school similar to what the CPC does. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.
- https://www.tuko.co.ke/politics/530011-cleophas-malala-uda-plans-build-party-leadership-school/
- https://www.kbc.co.ke/uda-to-learn-from-development-focused-parties-such-as-chinas-cpc-gachagua/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The National Assembly of Kenya and the National People’s Congress of China maintain inter-parliamentary exchanges under the Kenya-China Parliamentary Friendship Group. Kenyan lawmakers have held virtual conferences with counterparts in China, visited China as well as hosted members of the National People’s Congress of China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- http://www.parliament.go.ke/node/20125
- http://www.parliament.go.ke/kenyan-and-china-lawmakers-hold-virtual-conference-resolve-deepen-parliamentary-relations
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya receives development assistance from the PRC, often in loans and grants for infrastructure projects. Aside from that, PRC has also offered in kind donations to Kenya especially in instances of drought. Other donations have been in the form of equipment to the government. PRC entities in Kenya have also made similar donations of food and equipment. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. In 2021, Kenya received a USD 370 million grant from China. Overall, Kenya has about US$8 billion in Chinese loans. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/kenya-receives-sh2-25-billion-rice-donation-from-china/
- https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001433644/china-grants-kenya-sh51b-signs-six-agreements-to-boost-trade
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3245773/kenya-pins-rail-hopes-ppp-funding-china-firms-belt-and-road-project
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The PRC has been offering training for Kenyan civil servants since 2001. At least 40 government employees were trained in 2016; 20 in 2017. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. As at 2018, Chinese officials estimated that nearly 10,000 Kenyan government officials have visited China to participate in training seminars. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2016-06/30/c_135476567.htm
- https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2016/07/40-kenyans-in-china-for-public-health-counter-terrorism-training/
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcMVPP4e_w4
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/22/c_137624646.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya and China signed the Comprehensive Strategic Cooperation Partnership agreement in 2018. In recent months, Kenya has been looking to Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://mfa.go.ke/kenya-china-hold-talks-to-cement-relations/
- https://www.pd.co.ke/inside-politics/kenya-push-to-seduce-china-219344/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya has reiterated on three occasions between October 2023 and January 2024 that it support the One China policy. Kenya's foreign minister said during a visit to China that Kenya will unswervingly adhere to the One-China principle and stand with China on issues such as Taiwan and human rights. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/kenya-reiterates-one-china-policy-4503164
- https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/leaders/kenya-reaffirms-support-for-one-china-policy-amidst-diplomatic-engagement/lh3z0x4
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kenya backed China's territorial claim in 2016. The Kenyan government issued a statement expressing support for China's position on the South China Sea dispute. It states that the Government of the Republic of Kenya believes that any disputes in the South China Sea should be peacefully resolved through consultations and negotiations in accordance with bilateral agreements and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. Kenya's Government further stated that it respected China's 'statement of optional exception', in light of Article 298 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. There is no new evidence to suggest that the position has changed. Therefore, the Index country has adhered to the PRC’s territorial claim and the Indicator warrants a 4 score.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4w7abJ030ic
- https://web.archive.org/web/20160617043711/http://allafrica.com/stories/201606140827.html
- http://ke.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zxyw/201606/t20160609_6816356.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment if its Uyghur population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment if its Tibet population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the National Security Law on Hong Kong and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.