Uruguay
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 65 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 113 / 392 | - |
Jun 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 53 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 35 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 68 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 0 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 69 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 23 % | - |
In 2023, Uruguay had a GDP per capita of US$22,565 and a total population of 3.39 million people.
Uruguay established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1988. Uruguay was ranked 51st in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 96/100.
Key Takeaways
- Recent developments have highlighted a significant deepening of the relationship between Uruguay and the government of the PRC. It is now considered politically incorrect to voice opposition to China's policies and actions.
- The ties and influence of the PRC seem to be increasing in the Technology Domain. While some of the Indicators maintain a "no" response, there is apparent interest for more agreements within technology and even projected plans, such as for fiber optic cables and Chinese investment in Uruguayan tech start-ups.
- More efforts have been made to strengthen ties between Uruguay and the PRC. Many local level officials, such as mayors, have visited the PRC to sign agreements, and for cultural exchanges, and many partnerships have been established.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no record that Uruguayan media organizations belong to World Chinese Media. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Diario "La República", collaborates with the Belt and Road news networks. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" rating. This news outlet has national circulation. Therefore this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are some cases of reporters receiving scholarships to study in China. There is only one case cited. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" and "insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In September of 2023, journalists from Uruguay participated in the Seminar for Latin American Media Journalists, which was through the Chilean Agency for International Development Cooperation (AGCID) and the Chinese Embassy in Chile. Therefore this indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. The journalists were able to participate through a scholarship funded by the PRC's Ministry of Commerce and the Institute for Research, and China's National Administration of Radio and Television (NRTa). Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
Supplementary Notes
In July 2017, China held a two-week seminar with the objective of "increasing dialogue and cooperation" between China and Latin American countries in the journalism and media field. This seminar was organized by the Chinese Foreign Language Department and the Shandong Government Press Office. Journalists from Uruguay participated in the seminar. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is CGTN in Spanish distributed in cable TV, on channel 790. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" rating. The shows are not broadcast in one of the more popular channels. Therefore, this indicator merits a "insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Advertisements from Chinese auto-makers are very common in the Uruguayan market. Therefore, this indicator merits a "More than a few" rating. These advertisements are common in the most important newspapers in the country. Therefore, this indicator merits a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.autoblog.com.uy/2019/03/probamos-al-changan-cs15-una-nueva.html
- https://www.lr21.com.uy/economia/1137692-geely-nordex-planta-armado-vehiculos-uruguay-china
- https://www.elpais.com.uy/noticias/geely
- https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid04ozrYpRjxejj4psoieACmJmyMWm7hJtgxaoCgrW2V4Y18aJYKBqHyNZwSgm89h4Ml&id=128439881753&locale=ms_MY
- https://www.elpais.com.uy/negocios/empresas/geely-uruguay-lanza-su-nueva-suv-deportiva
- https://www.elpais.com.uy/negocios/empresas/geely-coolray-cautivo-a-todo-el-publico-de-world-trade-center-montevideo
- https://www.autoblog.com.uy/2023/05/lanzamiento-changan-uni-v.html
- https://www.empresasdeluruguay.com.uy/2020/11/20/jmc-y-changan-inauguran-nuevo-y-amplio-espacio-comercial-en-ciudad-vieja/
- https://www.elpais.com.uy/el-empresario/con-un-pie-en-china-empresas-uruguayas-buscan-escalar-sus-negocios-con-oficinas-propias-en-el-gigante-asiatico
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei, along with Mexico's Ministry of Foreign Affairs launched scholarships for "A Thousand Talents for the Digital Development of Women in Latin America and the Caribbean". In this program, 30 scholarships are available for Uruguay, in agreement with UDELAR. Additionally, a research partnership has been established with UDELAR. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" rating. Huawei launched their "Huawei ICT competition," which provides opportunities for students to expand their training in new technologies, through international exams and certifications. UDELAR is the most important university in the country. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating
- https://grupormultimedio.com/udelar-celebra-acuerdo-con-china-para-instalar-un-laboratorio-de-investigacion-id106103/#:~:text=Sociedad-,Udelar%20celebra%20acuerdo%20con%20China%20para%20instalar%20un%20laboratorio%20de,biomateriales%2C%20implantes%20y%20tejidos%20inteligentes.
- https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/comunicados/declaracion-conjunta-entre-republica-oriental-del-uruguay-republica
- https://udelar.edu.uy/internacionales/2022/02/15/becas-sre-huawei/
- https://web.facebook.com/fingudelar/photos/-la-empresa-huawei-lanza-la-competencia-huawei-ict-competition-mediante-la-que-s/2523557521193632/?_rdc=1&_rdr
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is one Confucius Institute in Uruguay, at the University of the Republic (UDELAR). Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" rating. This university is the largest one in the nation. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uruguay included Mandarin Chinese in some public schools in 2020. There is no information about China providing books. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.
- https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/en-octubre-comienzan-a-ensenar-chino-en-liceos--2018921194747
- https://glotopolitica.com/2018/09/27/uruguay-comienza-a-ensenar-chino-en-las-escuelas-publicas/
- https://www.gub.uy/presidencia/comunicacion/noticias/primaria-culmina-periodo-quinquenal-propuestas-educativas-integrales-fomenta
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no record of Uruguayan think tanks or universities belonging to these networks. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Uruguay, academic centers, such as UDELAR and FLACSO, have agreements with PRC-connected entities, such as the University of Qingdao and Beijing Language and Culture Academy. These include cultural exchanges and the launch of a library in Uruguay. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" and "significant" rating.
- https://udelar.edu.uy/portal/2023/10/nuevo-acuerdo-de-cooperacion-entre-la-universidad-de-qingdao-y-la-udelar/
- https://www.clacso.org/conocimiento-para-el-desarrollo/
- https://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/Costa_Rica/flacso-cr/20170706043211/pdf_1272.pdf
- https://spanish.xinhuanet.com/20231006/584b9e37ba904e3097d3da14477546f1/c.html
- https://www.cepal.org/es/eventos/primer-foro-academico-alto-nivel-celac-china-faancc
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although there is no evidence of PRC funding think tanks in Uruguay (based on interview with academic from the University of the Republic), the PRC government is a relevant fund provider for scholarships to academic research centers. The source links are example of scholarships funded by China to researchers and students to study or work in China. Additionally, Uruguay is a participating country in the "Thousand Talents Scholarship program" created by Huawei. Therefore this Indicator merits a "more than a few" and "significant" rating.
- https://portaldebecas.auci.gub.uy/auci_prod/servlet/com.portal.wpbecasportaltab?f8a00afae65ca6d27e365efd7cb161d6,c37c7b6f37e619e11b8b36552a8659ed
- https://portaldebecas.auci.gub.uy/auci_prod/servlet/com.portal.wpbecasportaltab?f8a00afae65ca6d27e365efd7cb161d6,888ded14e69952de3a961185e44a5f66
- https://www-file.huawei.com/-/media/CORPORATE/Local-site/mx/pdf/1000-talents-AMEXCID-Huawei-third-edition-CONVOCATORIA-ENG-2
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Scholars associated with UDELAR have taken trips to the PRC. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" response. Given the importance of this university in the country, this indicator deserves a "significant" response.
Supplementary Notes
There have been examples of these types of trips in years prior to the current reporting period: Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no record of Chinese students associations in Uruguay. There were only a few Chinese students who were in Uruguay for short periods. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response.
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are only a few courses of Asia and China in Uruguay, but PRC-connected entities have not been involved in organizing them. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since 2013, China is the main trade partner of Uruguay. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.
- https://www.uruguayxxi.gub.uy/uploads/informacion/cd5856bbb60333f1900f664106f777443aad60ea.pdf
- https://www.ambito.com/uruguay/cuanto-crecieron-las-relaciones-comerciales-china-n5644608
- https://www.ambito.com/uruguay/tuvo-un-primer-semestre-deficitario-su-comercio-china-n5778487
- https://thefoodtech.com/industria-alimentaria-hoy/uruguay-y-china-fortalecen-relaciones-y-apuntan-a-nuevos-acuerdos-comerciales/#:~:text=China%20es%20el%20principal%20socio,ingreso%20para%20el%20pa%C3%ADs%20suramericano.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
In Uruguay, extractive industries are not as economic relevant as other sectors. But China is main partner in key agricultural industries for the country (soybeans, wood pulp and beef). Link Link Link Furthermore, in recent years the presence of Chinese vessels in Uruguayan waters carrying out illegal fishing has been noted. Link
- https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/11/22/uruguay-profundiza-su-relacion-con-china-acordo-la-firma-de-un-acuerdo-para-la-exportacion-de-sorgo/
- https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/10/09/pesca-ilegal-alerta-en-uruguay-por-la-presencia-de-un-buque-chino-en-el-puerto-de-montevideo/
- https://dialogochino.net/es/actividades-extractivas-es/364683-uruguay-busca-nuevas-protecciones-marinas-y-petroleo-en-alta-mar/
- https://panampost.com/oriana-rivas/2023/07/07/pesca-ilegal-china-en-uruguay-complicidad-u-omision/#google_vignette
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
- https://datacentercatalog.com/uruguay
- https://www.visionmaritima.com.uy/china-presiona-al-gobierno-por-la-compra-de-buques-para-la-armada/
Supplementary Notes
Data Centers, Ports, energy and sensitive sectors are dominated by national companies or foreign companies (but not Chinese). Uruguay offered to grant the Shandong BaoMa company a 30 to 50 year concession for the use of an ANP area in Punta Sayago, located just one kilometer from Punta Yeguas. The property, currently unused, has 180 hectares and already has a port infrastructure.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2020, Uruguay became part of AIIB. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no record of major business members of those chambers. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon. However, it is important to note that it is in negotiation.
- https://www.financlick.es/como-funciona-cips-el-swift-chino-n-319-es
- https://www.iri.edu.ar/index.php/2023/09/26/31522/
- https://sputniknews.lat/20230516/que-paises-utilizan-mas-el-yuan-y-que-significa-esto-para-el-dolar-estadounidense-1139515900.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Uruguay has interests in signing trade-related agreement with China, but Mercosur rules impose restrictions. Link Link Link
- http://www.sice.oas.org/ctyindex/URY/URYAgreements_s.asp
- https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/202304/626798-china-uruguay-mercosur-libre-comercio.html
- https://thefoodtech.com/industria-alimentaria-hoy/uruguay-y-china-fortalecen-relaciones-y-apuntan-a-nuevos-acuerdos-comerciales/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
There is an agreement to promote investments, and this relationship benefits from the Free Trade Zones. 25% of the products of these FTZs are to China. However, these FTZ's exist prior to the strengthening of China-Uruguay relations. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are Chinese associations in Uruguay but none related to use the expression "Promotion of Peaceful Reunification". Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese community in Uruguay is small. Additionally, the official UWCA's official website does not mention Uruguay. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are Chinese diaspora community events and activities, such as Lunar New Year events. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" rating. The Chinese embassy in Uruguay hosts some events, and some sister-cities also host events to show their relations with their Chinese counterparts. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://municipios.gub.uy/noticias/a%C3%B1o-nuevo-chino-en-atl%C3%A1ntida#:~:text=En%20este%202022%2C%20es%20el,nueva%20tras%20el%20solsticio%20invernal
- https://m.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=392472973122531&set=a.137430928626738&type=3&locale=zh_CN
- https://diarioelpueblo.com.uy/ano-nuevo-chino-2023/#google_vignette
- http://www.chinacelacforum.org/esp/zgtlmjlbgjgx_2/202202/t20220205_10639309.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China and Uruguay have held cultural exchange projects, such as the exhibition of Uruguayan artists in the 798 artistic district of Beijing. Also, China has hosted Uruguayan athletes as part of a sports cooperation agreement between the two governments. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" response. The exhibition was in celebration of the 35th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two governments. In regards to the sports, some Uruguayan athletes who trained in China went on to win medals for Uruguay. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://web.facebook.com/cicuch/?_rdc=1&_rdr
- https://espanol.cgtn.com/news/2023-09-26/1706599922783268866/index.html
- http://spanish.peopledaily.com.cn/n3/2023/0720/c92122-20047166.html
- https://www.imcanelones.gub.uy/es/noticias/se-realizo-la-apertura-de-la-muestra-del-intercambio-cultural-uruguay-china-titulada-entre-orientales
- https://spanish.news.cn/20231122/a6da3237d8b947a08335b2fc3e316b8a/c.html
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5dQ57UXjYQ
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FO4kunveai8
- https://espanol.cgtn.com/news/2023-11-09/1722460447725088769/index.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Latinobarometro poll for 2023, which included Uruguay, showed that no country in Latin America had above a 30% positive view toward the PRC government. Therefore, This indicator merits a "no" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon during the current reporting period.
Supplementary Notes
Uruguay has received donations of military equipment in previous years, but not during this reporting period: Link Link
- https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3123932/china-dona-material-militar-uruguay-45-millones-dolares
- https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3079058/china-dona-material-25-millones-dolares-uruguay
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
While there have been no public reports of its implementation, a law was passed in 2022 providing a framework for cooperation between the two defense ministries, in which "research" is one of the first items of the agreement. Therefore, this agreement deserves a "yes" response.
- http://www.diputados.gub.uy/data/docs/LegActual/Repartid/R0694.pdf
- https://medios.presidencia.gub.uy/legal/2022/leyes/12/mdn_406.pdf
- https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes-internacional/19558-2017
- https://ceiso.com.ar/ries/index.php/ojs/article/download/39/13/35
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uruguayan Chief of the Air Defense Staff General Rodolfo Pereyra met with the Senior Colonel Geo Feng, Defense Attaché of the PRC's Embassy in the Eastern Republic of Uruguay, as well as Assistant to the Defense Attaché Major Shou. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
Skip
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It has not been possible to obtain any available information in this regard. Therefore, a definite response to this indicator cannot be provided.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
This type of situation has occurred in the past. However, no evidence has been found for the current reporting period. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There was joint military training of the Peacekeeping Forces between China and Uruguay. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2020, the Uruguayan legislature approved extradition treaty with the PRC. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uruguay signed an agreement with the PRC to cooperate on combatting terrorism. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Based on an interview with an expert of transnational crime, there are registers of PRC-connected gangs in Argentina, but not in Uruguay.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon. However, Beijing Dujie Security Technology Company, for instance, has an office in Argentina.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
- https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2023/10/26/investigan-presunto-ataque-cibernetico-a-parlamento-uruguayo
- https://www.paymentmedia.com/news-6794-uruguay-publican-datos-del-hackeo-a-geocom.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are no Chinese telecommunication companies operating in Uruguay. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response. However, there is interest and pressure.
- https://www.gub.uy/presidencia/comunicacion/noticias/50-empresas-chinas-tecnologia-informacion-comunicacion-mostraron-interes
- http://www.uruguay.enlineados.com/resultados.php?estado=1&pais=uruguay&c1=internet&c2=proveedores_de_internet
- https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/10/12/el-regimen-chino-busca-imponer-su-red-5g-en-america-latina-y-uruguay-se-encamina-a-ser-una-de-las-puertas-de-entrada/
- https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/12/09/uruguay-la-proveedora-de-comunicaciones-dedicado-soporto-las-presiones-de-china-y-eligio-a-nokia-para-su-red-5g/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uruguay has made it clear that Chinese companies can provide their 5G network technology. Huawei and Uruguay signed a memorandum of understanding on the matter in 2019. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. Huawei is Uruguay's leading provider of telecommunications networks, and has been operating in Uruguay since 2005. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://www.bnamericas.com/es/analisis/de-5g-a-ia-las-tic-en-los-acuerdos-entre-uruguay-y-china
- https://www.lavoz.com.ar/tecnologia/uruguay-y-huawei-firmaron-un-acuerdo-para-desarrollo-de-redes-de-5g/
- https://www.eldebate.com/internacional/20221013/china-desembarcara-uruguay-red-5g-bajo-sospecha-espionaje_65980.html
- https://tienda.antel.com.uy/catalogo/celulares-tablets/huawei
- https://tienda.antel.com.uy/equipo/954/wifi_max_zte
- https://dplnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/dplnews-analytics-avances-5G-america-latina.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei is the primary provider of telecommunications networks in the Uruguay. Meanwhile, the Uruguayan government has reaffirmed the principle of technological neutrality and “welcomed the participation of Chinese companies in the construction of the local 5G network .” Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" and "significant" rating.
- https://www.bnamericas.com/es/analisis/de-5g-a-ia-las-tic-en-los-acuerdos-entre-uruguay-y-china
- https://dplnews.com/uruguay-promete-neutralidad-tecnologica-en-visita-oficial-a-china/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei is the nation's primary provider of hardware for telecommunications networks. Meanwhile, in a recent meeting between the heads of state of Uruguay and the PRC, Uruguay reaffirmed its commitment to "technological neutrality". Therefore, this indicator merits a "yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
- https://ladiaria.com.uy/opinion/articulo/2020/10/vigilancia-estatal-basada-en-identificacion-facial-en-uruguay/
- https://galantemartins.com/reconocimiento-facial-en-uruguay-controversias-y-regulaciones/
- https://recfaces.com/es/articles/reconocimiento-facial-quien-y-para-que-lo-utiliza
- https://www.grupodatco.com/categoria-producto-servicio/flag-uy/page/6/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2018, the Municipality of Montevideo and Huawei Technologies Uruguay SA signed a confidential memorandum of understanding to "work together to explore smart city issues." However, there is no information on tangible progress. Therefore, this indicator deserves a rating of "More than a few" and "insignificant".
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon. However, it is important to note that this phenomenon is projected.
- https://www.gub.uy/unidad-reguladora-servicios-comunicaciones/sites/unidad-reguladora-servicios-comunicaciones/files/documentos/publicaciones/Andres%20Figoli.pdf
- https://dangdai.com.ar/2021/02/01/el-cable-submarino-de-internet-que-conectara-sudamerica-con-china/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon. However, it is important to note that this phenomenon is projected.
- https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-industria-energia-mineria/comunicacion/noticias/paganini-exploro-oportunidades-negocios-inversion-mision-oficial-china
- https://www.ambito.com/uruguay/y-china-sellan-una-alianza-estrategica-comercial-n5881651
- https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-educacion-cultura/comunicacion/noticias/acuerdo-cooperacion-ciencia-tecnologia-uruguay-china-para-co-creacion
- http://spanish.peopledaily.com.cn/n3/2023/1121/c31619-20100480.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon. However, it is important to note that the Argentine company Tlon is a partner of the Chinese company Pioneer.
- https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/politica/uruguay-avanza-hacia-un-puerto-espacial-afinan-plan-para-crear-terminal-de-lanzamiento-de-cohetes
- https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2023/11/24/uruguay-avanza-en-su-plan-de-construir-un-puerto-de-lanzamiento-de-cohetes-y-una-empresa-argentina-quiere-la-obra/
- http://f1.rosario3.com/tecnologia/Tlon-Space-la-startup-espacial-argentina-que-esta-a-punto-de-vencer-la-gravedad-20230406-0027.html
- https://www.ambito.com/uruguay/una-empresa-argentina-quiere-lanzar-cohetes-rocha-n5883965
- https://www.busqueda.com.uy/Secciones/Como-el-avance-de-la-industria-espacial-china-puede-acercar-a-Uruguay-a-la-NASA-uc58116
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Most of the mayors of Uruguayan provinces have visited China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. During these visits, most of the mayors have signed cooperation agreements. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://www.imcanelones.gub.uy/es/noticias/orsi-visito-al-embajador-de-china-en-uruguay-para-afianzar-hermanamientos-entre-los-gobiernos
- http://www.ci.gub.uy/index.php/2013-06-18-12-04-25/2013-06-18-12-04-50/885-falero-y-la-evaluacion-de-su-presencia-en-china
- https://www.salto.gub.uy/acerca-de-salto/noticias/item/8606-intendente-de-salto-compartio-un-mensaje-en-la-semana-de-uruguay-en-hubei-china
- https://www.colonia.gub.uy/index.php?x=detalleNoticia&y=9a70776c743352cfcf688e52512673332e5e4007
- https://www.salto.gub.uy/acerca-de-salto/noticias/item/5001-agenda-del-intendente-andres-lima-durante-su-visita-a-china
- https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201805/276861-intendente-montevideo-viaja-a-china-impulsar-lazos-locales.html
- http://uy.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw/202002/t20200210_4420313.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Uruguayan department of Paysandú is paired with the Chinese autonomous region of Guangxi and its capital Nanning. Meanwhile Uruguay's Lavalleja department is paired with China's Sichuan province. Given that it is several entities, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Meanwhile, Montevideo, the capital city, has a sister city relationships with both Qingdao and Chongqing. Given that it is the capital, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://www.mna.gub.uy/innovaportal/v/121229/70/mecweb/celebracion-del-60%C2%BA-aniversario-de-la-amistad-parlamentaria-entre-uruguay-y-china
- http://uy.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw/202009/t20200904_4420869.htm
- https://theglobalamericans.org/2021/06/uruguay-exemplifies-how-to-deal-with-china/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon during the reporting period.
Supplementary Notes
While there is no evidence for this type of trip during this reporting period, they have been known to occur in previous years: Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
During this reporting period, the head of the province of Florida visited China to meet with local level officials there. Therefore this indicator deserves a "few" and "insignificant" ratings.
Supplementary Notes
This type of trip has also occurred in years prior to this reporting period. For example: Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
However, there are concrete reports of this phenomenon in years prior to the reporting period: Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no record of United Front Work Department in Uruguay. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Created in 1992, up until 2019 had eleven members. In the new legislature (2020-2024) there is no designation yet but there will be soon. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the year 2020, the PRC donated face masks to the government of Uruguay. The donation was done once, for about 130,00 facemasks. Therefore, this indicator merits a "few" rating. The donation was for assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic, and occurred one time. Therefore, this Indicator merits an "insignificant" rating.
- http://uy.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/xwdts/202007/t20200729_4417543.htm
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376178111_Las_donaciones_de_China_hacia_America_Latina_y_sus_determinantes_ensenanzas_del_caso_uruguayo
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Civil servants from Ministry of Education and the Agency of Innovation have attended training seminars in China, financed by the PRC, virtually and in person. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" rating. These trainings included representatives from Uruguayan provinces, to address policies, practices, and concepts related to the PRC. They were also within the framework of the bilateral cooperation agreement. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-educacion-cultura/comunicacion/noticias/docentes-uruguay-china
- https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-educacion-cultura/comunicacion/convocatorias/seminario-lengua-china-para-funcionarios-paises-desarrollo
- https://www.gub.uy/agencia-uruguaya-cooperacion-internacional/comunicacion/noticias/china-aporta-conocimientos-equipos-tecnicos-intendencias-uruguay
- https://formacion.anep.edu.uy/becas/seminario-sobre-conservacion-del-agua-y-construccion-de-infraestructura-hidroelectrica-en
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In November 2023, Uruguay and the PRC classified their relationship as a Global Strategic Partnership. Therefore, this indicator merits a "yes" rating.
- https://newsargenchina.ar/contenido/5218/china-y-uruguay-elevan-su-relacion-al-nivel-de-asociacion-estrategica-global
- https://www.telesurtv.net/news/uruguay-china-relaciones-cooperacion-20231122-0030.html
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IQE41VEslc
- https://fundacionandresbello.org/noticias/uruguay-%F0%9F%87%BA%F0%9F%87%BE/uruguay-y-china-firman-plan-de-asociacion-estrategica-integral/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Uruguayan Party adheres to the "one-China principle," recognizing the PRC as the only legitimate government that represents all of China, and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of Uruguay taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, Uruguay has remained silent regarding the PRC’s territorial claim and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
- https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/comunicados/declaracion-conjunta-entre-republica-oriental-del-uruguay-republica#:~:text=La%20Parte%20uruguaya%20reafirma%20su,Gobierno%20chino%20para%20materializar%20la
- https://ladiaria.com.uy/le-monde-diplomatique/articulo/2022/12/el-derecho-del-mar-se-tambalea-pero-no-se-hunde/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of Uruguay taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, Uruguay has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
- https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-61598965
- https://equilibriumglobal.com/xinjiang-chino-el-corazon-de-una-region-estrategica/
- https://uy.usembassy.gov/es/mesa-redonda-virtual-acerca-de-violaciones-a-los-derechos-humanos-en-la-poblacion-uigur/
- https://www.elpais.com.uy/opinion/ecos/declaracion-de-la-embajada-de-china-en-uruguay
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of Uruguay taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, Uruguay has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of Uruguay taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, Uruguay has remained silent regarding the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.