Vietnam
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 25 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 178 / 388 | - |
Nov 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 23 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 51 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 17 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 33 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 45 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 35 % | - |
In 2023, Vietnam had a GDP per capita of US$4,347 and a total population of 100.03 million people.
Vietnam established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1950. Vietnam was ranked 174th in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Not Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 19/100.
Key Takeaways
- Contemporary Sino-Vietnamese relations are determined by millenia long history of mutual conflict and animosity on the one hand, and the relatively recently established affiliation to the communist ideology on the other. Vietnam perceives China as a security threat, which is also one of the reasons why the Vietnamese military operates on Soviet/Russian technology. Since the Ukrainian conflict, there has been a clear tendency on the Vietnamese side to reach out to the West in respect to modern military technologies. At the same time, Vietnamese and Chinese politburos act as the closest of friends.
- The Vietnamese government often faces challenges very similar to the Chinese government in terms of human rights or freedom of speech violations and authoritarianism in genneral. On the surface, it might seem that Vietnam follows the lead and example of China. However, Vietnam is merely trying to keep its own citizens at bay as any criticism of China might be drawn back to the authoritarian Vietnamese government.
- The wider public should understand the complexity of Sino-Vietnamese relations by looking further back into history, past the origins of the communist ideology. Despite the ideological, political and most importantly economic influence of China over Vietnam, the Vietnamese general public regards China with suspicion or even disdain.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the official list of the Organization of the World Association of Chinese Mass Communication Media, where all affiliated media organizations of World Chinese Media are listed, there are no affiliated media organizations in Vietnam listed.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Ho Chi Minh City Television (HTV), the second largest television network in Vietnam, is listed as a member of Belt and Road News Alliance on it's official website. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"(1) On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative, representatives of three mainstream media from Vietnam came to China's Yunnan to jointly cover the exchanges and cooperation between China and Vietnam with their Chinese peers. Although there is no evidence that this was paid by PRC, since there is no mention of the event in Vietnamese media outlets, it is very likely that it was paid by PRC for propagandistic reasons. (2) On June 28, 2023, the CCP’s official mouthpiece, People’s Daily, hosted the fourth annual joint regional media summits, the Mekong-Lancang Cooperation Media Summit (Lancang Jiang Meigong He Hezuo Meiti Fenghui; 澜沧–江湄公河合作媒体峰会). Important Vietnamese media officials and journalists took part (3). Therefore, this Indicator deserves an ""Few"" and ""Significant"" rating." The workshop and the trip to China will be arranged by the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Media Summit, which is being hosted by Chinese media and includes media outlets from China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
- https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/0QB7AK7O.html
- http://world.people.com.cn/GB/8212/191816/457673/index.html
- http://world.people.com.cn/GB/8212/191816/457673/457770/index.html
- https://news.cctv.com/2023/06/27/ARTI3Sd5mq0yM7vKek41VVF5230627.shtml
- http://www.news.cn/politics/leaders/2023-06/27/c_1129720001.htm
- http://www.news.ynu.edu.cn/info/1099/28898.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
We found an influencer that goes by the name Anh Nguyen with 8000+ followers. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Insignificant" rating. The workshop and the trip to China will be arranged by the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Media Summit, which is being hosted by Chinese media and includes media outlets from China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.
- https://www.youtube.com/@anhnguyenCuocSongTrungQuoc
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/zyxw/202312/t20231226_11212666.shtml
- https://news.cctv.com/2023/06/27/ARTI3Sd5mq0yM7vKek41VVF5230627.shtml
- http://www.news.cn/politics/leaders/2023-06/27/c_1129720001.htm
- http://www.news.ynu.edu.cn/info/1099/28898.htm
- https://www.gx.chinanews.com.cn/dmwt/2023-10-08/detail-ihctthhh9366896.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"China Radio International (CRI) is the primary PRC state-run media outlet. Vietnamese-language news is available on CRI’s Vietnamese website (Đài Phát thanh Quốc té Trung Quốc) and Facebook page. Beibu Gulf Online broadcasts in Vietnamese. Beibu Gulf Online was jointly formed by CRI and Guangxi Foreign Broadcasting Station. According to Chinese media, ""Beibu Gulf Online"" (BBRTV.com) is a network-oriented new media dedicated to ASEAN countries. Xinhua does not have a Vietnamese stand-alone website, but it is active on Twitter, where tweets appear in Vietnamese, with 49,800 followers. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an ""Few"" and ""Insignificant"" rating."
- https://twitter.com/XHTanhoaxa
- https://www.facebook.com/criviet
- https://www.bbrtv.com/vietnamese/
- https://vietnamese.cri.cn/index.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are some Chinese shareholders in VNG such as Tenacious Bulldog Holding Ltd, Prosperous Prince Enterprises Ltd., and Shen Hao (link 1). Rumor says that frist two mentioned companies are connected to Tencent Holding Ltd., a Chinese multinational technology conglomerate headquartered in Shenzhen. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Insignificant" rating.
- https://viettimes.vn/dich-chuyen-so-huu-o-vng-post144358.html
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Startups/Gaming-startup-VNG-aims-to-launch-Vietnam-s-answer-to-ChatGPT
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to some media experts, China has been mostly failing to influence Vietnamese media space due to the fact that Vietnamese media are under strict control of the Vietnamese government. Moreover, the general public is suspicious of news coming from China due to the problematic relations between the two countries going deep into the history.
Supplementary Notes
This Indicator measures whether local media outlets broadcast news, video clips, or other contents provided by PRC state-fund media (content-sharing agreements). The phenomenon can be observed via footages of content pieces. Therefore, press statement from PRC governmental agencies do not fall into the caterory of contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by Vietnam itself. Writing for independent media channels such as BBC Vietnamese is disapproved by the Vietnamese government, it can lead to various problems and even incarceration in extreme cases. Due to the close ties between the Vietnamese and Chinese Communist parties, it is possible that the pressure on these Vietnamese journalists can extend to China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are a few Vietnamese media outlets that refer to China in this way. It is the language of the Communist party and ideology. Vietnam is a socialist country and the ties between the two Communist parties are strong. However, the attitude of the general public does not necessarily reflect that. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Insignificant" rating.
- https://tuoitre.vn/tong-bi-thu-nguyen-phu-trong-tong-bi-thu-tap-can-binh-gui-trao-trach-nhiem-cho-nguoi-tre-20231213190947472.htm
- https://www.qdnd.vn/chinh-tri/tin-tuc/tong-bi-thu-nguyen-phu-trong-hoi-dam-voi-tong-bi-thu-chu-tich-trung-quoc-tap-can-binh-755164
- https://baochinhphu.vn/tong-bi-thu-nguyen-phu-trong-chu-tri-le-don-cap-nha-nuoc-tong-bi-thu-chu-tich-trung-quoc-tap-can-binh-102231212172745577.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are media denying the existence of human rights abuse commited by the Vietnamese authorities. Covering similar issues in other countries, especially other socialist countries, is undesirable from the perspective of the Vietnamese establishment
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
At the moment, there is no evidence of research partnerships with PRC connected entities. However, there has been a mention of Vietnam–China step up cooperation in military scientific research (1). In the joint statement following Xi Jinping's official state visit to Vietnam (2), the intention to cooperate in several research areas (military, transport, agriculture, management of marine and island environments) has been mentioned. The University of Transport and Communications (UTC) organized a cooperation signing ceremony with Huawei Technologies (Vietnam) Co. Ltd. under Huawei Group.
- https://vietnamlawmagazine.vn/vietnam-china-step-up-cooperation-in-military-scientific-research-70719.html
- https://vov.vn/chinh-tri/thuc-day-hop-tac-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc-quan-su-viet-nam-trung-quoc-post1055834.vov
- https://vneconomy.vn/tuyen-bo-chung-viet-nam-trung-quoc-850824.htm
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/zyxw/202312/t20231213_11201756.shtml
- https://en.utc.edu.vn/cooperation-signing-ceremony-with-huawei-technologies-vietnam-co-ltd-3523404
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Confucius Institute is still present at the Hanoi University, one of the most prestigious universities in the country. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, Chinese is taught as a foreign language from 3th to 12th grades. But Vietnam does not receive free educational books and teachers from PRC; textbooks used in the Chinese language curriculum in schools in Vietnam must conform to Vietnam’s official policy, thus, Chinese language books that contain China’s claims in the South China Sea are banned in Vietnam.
- https://hoc360.net/chuong-trinh-giao-duc-pho-thong-mon-tieng-trung/
- https://moet.gov.vn/content/vanban/Lists/VBDT/Attachments/1529/20210225%20CTr%20Tieng%20Trung%20quoc.pdf
- https://lifestyle.zingnews.vn/hoc-sinh-lop-3-4-sap-duoc-hoc-tieng-trung-quoc-chinh-khoa-post1447218.html
- https://moet.gov.vn/content/vanban/Lists/VBDT/Attachments/1529/20210225%20CTr%20Tieng%20Trung%20quoc.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Academic institutions that have received financial support from PRC entities include, but are not limited to, the Hanoi National University that has a Confucius Institute, and the Ho Chi Minh Academy of Politics (HCMA), the central training institution of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The article from January 2023, does not explicitly mention Vietnamese attitude to this program but it states that "the cultural and social environment in the United States is more favorable for scientific research and career development opportunities than in mainland China. China is witnessing a significant amount of its scientists leaving for the US. Given that the "Thousand Talents Plan" and several related initiatives have been combined into the "Overseas High-Level Talent Recruitment Program (高端外国专家引进计划)", I'm hoping the following URLs may serve as the supporting evidence.
- https://baocantho.com.vn/ke-hoach-ngan-nhan-tai-cua-trung-quoc-gap-kho-a155228.html
- http://www5.zzu.edu.cn/hzwm/info/1162/3802.htm
- https://china.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202308/20/WS64e1cb1fa3109d7585e49f10.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
On October 17, 2023, CIIS and Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam (DAV) held a bilateral seminar in Beijing. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Censorship and self-censorship among academic staff and students is not uncommon on the domestic level and human rights protests of any kind are rarely allowed. Moreover, Vietnam adheres to one-China policy and does not recognize Taiwan as a separate state.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
Skip
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although there is no report on the Internet about a specific case, Vietnamese scholars and academics are aware that they may be harassed and punished if they are too critical of China, especially in sensitive issues related to China’s “core interests”. There is self-censorship among Vietnamese academics about this. Thus, although there may not be any specific case, the pressure is real and PRC punishment serves as deterrent.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Mentions not found. Curriculums in schools in Vietnamese schools are under strict control of the Vietnamese government.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Confirmed by Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam and Ministry of Finance of Vietnam. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
- https://moit.gov.vn/tin-tuc/xuc-tien-thuong-mai/xuc-tien-thuong-mai-va-giao-thuong-viet-nam-trung-quoc.html
- https://mof.gov.vn/webcenter/portal/vclvcstc/pages_r/l/chi-tiet-tin?dDocName=MOFUCM279758
- https://www.vietnamplus.vn/trao-doi-thuong-mai-giua-viet-nam-voi-cac-doi-tac-lon-nhat-nam-2022-post840848.vnp
- https://dangcongsan.vn/multimedia/infographic/trao-doi-thuong-mai-giua-viet-nam-voi-cac-doi-tac-lon-nam-2022-629797.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As of June 2023, Viet Nam’s largest bilateral creditor was Japan (with over VND 274 trillion), followed by South Korea (VND 28 trillion), France (VND 27 trillion) and Germany (VND 12 trillion).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Regarding crude oil, PRC is still the top exporter for Vietnam. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since joining on Apr 11, 2016, Vietnam remains a member state of the AIIB. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
- https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/members-of-bank/index.html
- https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/list/index.html?financing_type=Nonsovereign
- https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/details/2023/_download/Viet-Nam/AIIB-P000773-Initial-PSI-Thuan-Bac-Solar-Project.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As a member state of ASEAN, Vietnam is probably connected in the CIPS system. Another indicator is that Vietnam conducts trade with the PRC in the yuan currency. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.cips.com.cn/en/participants/participants_announcement/60849/index.html
- https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/08/22/southeast-asia-s-growing-interest-in-non-dollar-financial-channels-and-renminbi-s-potential-role-pub-87731
- https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202209/19/WS6327d641a310fd2b29e786b1.html
- https://www.sohu.com/a/732011416_121687414
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-yuan-asean-idUSKCN1P51EV/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In January 2022, PRC has tightened checks on imported goods from Vietnam at the Lang Son–China border gate. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/border-01062022185820.html
- https://www.nst.com.my/world/region/2022/01/760673/thousands-trucks-stranded-vietnam-china-border
- https://vietnamnet.vn/canh-an-bo-ngu-bui-cua-4800-tai-xe-xe-container-o-cua-khau-lang-son-802606.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As a member state of ASEAN, Vietnam has a FTA with China effective as of July 1, 2023. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/topic/china_asean_upgrade.shtml
- https://mof.gov.vn/webcenter/portal/btcen/pages_r/l/newsdetails?dDocName=MOF147953
- https://www.dw.com/en/asia-pacific-nations-sign-worlds-biggest-free-trade-agreement/a-55604659
- https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/vietnam/why-vietnam/vietnam-s-international-free-trade-and-tax-agreements
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are several special economic zones, for example Mong Cai Collaboration Economic Zone in Vietnam's Quang Ning province which borders with China's Dongxing city (Guangxi province). Also during the visit of Xi Jinping in Vietnam (Dec 2023), both countries signed documents pledging to strengthen their cooperation in economic zones. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://relinconsultants.com/vietnam-free-zones/
- https://www.voanews.com/a/vietnam-wary-of-china-s-swift-large-scale-investment/7416324.html
- https://vovworld.vn/en-US/economy/vietnamchina-crossborder-economic-collaboration-zone-to-be-piloted-in-quang-ninh-1236797.vov
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
An organization called “世界越棉寮华人中国和平统一促进会(World Vietnam-Cambodia-Laos Chinese Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China)” exists.
- https://www.huaxia.com/c/2023/08/10/1756997.shtml
- http://melbourne.china-consulate.gov.cn/chn/zqqq/201702/t20170214_140830.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I discovered that the Unity Of Businessman Division, which is affiliated, is part of the United World Chinese Association. The Unity of Businessmen Division in Vietnam is included in the organization's membership.
Supplementary Notes
"I find the supporting evidence different from the expert. An organization called “世界越棉寮华人中国和平统一促进会(World Vietnam-Cambodia-Laos Chinese Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China)” exists. Link Link" Thank you, we can change the grading to "Yes"
- https://www.huaxia.com/c/2023/08/10/1756997.shtml
- http://melbourne.china-consulate.gov.cn/chn/zqqq/201702/t20170214_140830.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
We have found evidence of meetings between Vietnam General Confederation of Labour and ACFRTU. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://laodong.vn/cong-doan/dua-quan-he-cong-doan-viet-nam--trung-quoc-len-tam-cao-moi-1182018.ldo
- https://laodong.vn/cong-doan/tong-ldld-viet-nam-hoi-dam-truc-tuyen-voi-tong-cong-hoi-trung-quoc-1048510.ldo
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Hoa ethnic minority (Huárén 華人) living mainly in the South of Vietnam totalling approximately 800 thousand individuals immigrated into Vietnam prior to the 19th century. They use their own dialect of Chinese in addition to their Vietnamese mother tongue and many of them are literate in the Chinese script. They also retain many aspects of the Chinese culture such as cuisine and customs. However, they mostly have single citizenship and they identify as Vietnamese. The Chinese Embassy in Vietnam holds the 2024 Lunar New Year events.
- http://vn.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202402/t20240201_11238359.htm
- https://shidai.thoidai.com.vn/detail-article-44905.html
- https://shidai.thoidai.com.vn/detail-article-44850.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The All-China Journalists Association invited the Vietnam Journalists Association to visit China. The Vietnam Women's Federation and the All-China Women's Federation have established friendly relations since 1961.
- https://cn.nhandan.vn/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%BA%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB-post26763.html
- https://cn.nhandan.vn/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%BA%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB-post26763.html
- https://shidai.thoidai.com.vn/detail-article-44524.html
- https://m.cyol.com/content/2020-02/20/content_18385845.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China Business Association Ho Chi Minh City Branch (CBAH) provides supplements to charities. The Red Cross Societies of Vietnam and China signed a memorandum of cooperation.
- http://cbah.org.vn/modules.php?name=Module2&op=page_detail&sid=12321&newlang=vietnamese
- http://cbah.org.vn/modules.php?name=Module2&op=page_detail&sid=12782&newlang=vietnamese
- http://cbah.org.vn/modules.php?name=Module2&op=page_category&title=%E7%88%B1%E5%BF%83%E5%96%84%E4%B8%BE&catid=28&newlang=vietnamese
- https://cn.baochinhphu.vn/%E8%B6%8A%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%A4%E5%9B%BD%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E4%BC%9A%E7%AD%BE%E7%BD%B2%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%A4%87%E5%BF%98%E5%BD%95-116231123105256107.htm
- https://zh.vietnamplus.vn/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E4%BC%9A%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%BA%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E6%8F%90%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%95%91%E5%8A%A9%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%95%88%E7%9B%8A/93747.vnp
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are couple of websites that allow watching PRC TV channels, but there are no evidence proving they are PRC-connected. The Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Media Summit has promoted the “澜湄视听周” and have an agreement that Chinese programs such as the TV series "我们这十年" and the documentary "海上丝路—天涯比邻" are translated and broadcast on mainstream radio and television media and online platforms in Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and other ASEAN countries This choice “More than a few, but insignificant" reflects that PRC-connected entities do have a presence in distributing entertainment products and services in Vietnam, but the impact or influence of these distributions can still be considered limited or not highly impactful at this point. While PRC content is available and accessible through various platforms and devices, it does not dominate the market or significantly shift local consumption patterns and preferences.
- https://tiengtrunghsk.vn/xem-tv-trung-quoc-tai-viet-nam-tai-sao-khong/
- https://laptruyenhinhhd.com/lap-dat-truyen-hinh-trung-quoc-35/
- https://www.gx.chinanews.com.cn/dmwt/2023-10-08/detail-ihctthhh9366896.shtml
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/zyxw/202312/t20231226_11212666.shtml
- https://kr-asia.com/tencent-and-baidu-start-offering-video-streaming-services-in-vietnam
- https://english.thesaigontimes.vn/cross-border-tv-service-providers-must-get-license-in-vietnam
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tencent Holdings is still a shareholder in VNG Corporation, which owns Zalo (WeChat/WhatsApp like messenger app) (see link 1, 2 and 3). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes" response.
- https://theinvestor.vn/chinese-giant-tencent-holdings-leaves-huge-imprint-at-vietnams-vng-corporation-d6827.html
- https://www.vietnam.vn/vng-lan-dau-he-lo-tencent-ant-group-la-co-dong/
- https://chanhtuoi.com/zalo-la-cua-nuoc-nao-zalo-co-phai-cua-trung-quoc-p2719.html
- https://www.similarweb.com/top-apps/apple/albania/
- https://appfigures.com/top-apps/ios-app-store/dr-congo/iphone/top-overall
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are numerous PRC-related cultural events.
- https://shidai.thoidai.com.vn/detail-article-44062.html
- https://www.cice.org.cn/portal/site/zongzhan/mobile/content.jsp?rowId=dae1086e1e5f4151acaf566221940510
- http://vn.china-embassy.gov.cn/yhwl123/202305/t20230523_11082024.htm
- http://vn.china-embassy.gov.cn/yhwl123/202305/t20230529_11085368.htm
- https://cn.nhandan.vn/%E6%88%91%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E7%9F%AD%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%95%E6%BC%94%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%BE%E5%8A%9E-post119909.html
- https://shidai.thoidai.com.vn/detail-article-44857.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since Vietnam is currently governed by an authoritarian regime, there are no free elections or relevant opinion polls. However, the Vietnamese public holds a rather unfavorable attitude towards the PRC due to the long history of mutual conflicts. In other sources, Vietnam ranks among ASEAN’s top three in distrust toward China, with 87.7% expressing concern over China’s influence.
- https://fulcrum.sg/vietnamese-perceptions-in-a-changing-sino-us-relationship/
- https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2024/4/4/majority-in-southeast-asia-would-choose-china-over-us-survey-suggests
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
(1) Vietnam currently does not import weapons from China. The main weapon supplier into Vietnam in the recent past has been Russia. Vietnam is now looking into diversifying its arsenal by Western weapons. (2) Vietnam deems Chinese weapons as lower in quality and due to the tense relations in history neither Vietnam nor China are interested in military business with each other. In 2023, Vietnam's forensic DNA laboratory assisted by the Chinese government is completed in Da Nang.
- https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/articles/cx9erqjdvlro
- https://plo.vn/vi-sao-vu-khi-trung-quoc-re-hon-vu-khi-phuong-tay-nhung-bi-that-sung-nhanh-post666637.html
- http://www.lmcchina.org/2023-09/26/content_42543587.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam is a member state of the Conference on Interaction & Building Measures in Asia, and has participated in the last CICA summit in October 2022. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states
- https://www.s-cica.org/docs/6090442436350e41f26c4b.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Despite the fact that China has established a number of industrial and commercial zones in Vietnam, a Chinese military base in Vietnam is highly unlikely as China constitutes a potential security threat for Vietnam.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2022, the Chinese People's Liberation Army supplies COVID-19 vaccines to the Vietnam People's Army.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
At the end of 2023, China organized a joint military exercise Peace and Friendship with 5 ASEAN members. The drills focused mainly on anti-terrorism and anti-piracy activities. Representatives of the participating ASEAN countries including Vietnam claimed that the exercise did not signalize inclination to China but rather the effort to interconnect the region in terms of naval security. Both defense ministers of two countries witnessed the signing of cooperation agreements between the agencies of their two ministries, which included a memorandum of understanding on military medical cooperation, an agreement on military staff education, and a memorandum of understanding on military education between Vietnam’s National Defense Academy and China’s Defense University.
- https://www.voanews.com/a/china-hosts-military-exercises-with-5-asean-members/7360416.html
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/05/china-vietnam-military-ties-in-the-headlines-with-defense-ministers-meeting/
- http://www.81.cn/szb_223187/szbxq/index.html?paperName=jfjb&paperDate=2023-06-28&paperNumber=02&articleid=908991
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
We have found mentions of several meetings on a very high level. (1) Defense Minister of Vietnam visiting China and participating in the Beijing Xiangshan forum. (2) High ranking officers meeting during the joint exercise in Guangdong province. (3) Several other meetings also took place, but below the one-star rank on the PRC side. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Significant" rating. on January 12,2024, Deputy Defense Minister Senior Lieutenant General Hoang Xuan Chien received Colonel Yu Qiang, Chinese Deputy Defense Attaché to Vietnam at the Headquarters of the Ministry of National Defense. Chinese defense minister meets Vietnamese counterpart
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bd62YfYHC38
- https://www.qdnd.vn/quoc-te/doi-ngoai-quoc-phong/lam-sau-sac-hon-quan-he-hop-tac-quoc-phong-viet-nam-trung-quoc-749029
- https://mod.gov.vn/vn/chi-tiet/sa-ttsk/sa-tt-dnqp/trung-tuong-nguyen-trong-binh-du-le-be-mac-dien-tap-lien-hop-hoa-binh-huu-nghi-2023-tai-trung-quoc
- https://cn.baochinhphu.vn/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E5%89%AF%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF%E9%BB%84%E6%98%A5%E6%88%98%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%A7%81%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%BB%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%98%E6%BD%98%E6%B6%9B%E5%A4%A7%E6%A0%A1-116230728153107807.htm
- https://cn.qdnd.vn/cid-6126/7185/-610553
- https://en.qdnd.vn/military/intl-relations-and-cooperation/vietnam-china-defense-cooperation-has-been-effectively-carried-out-562220
- https://english.news.cn/20230627/63fa08d70e2744f9ad059e82949ca27f/c.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam has participated in the Russian-organized International Army Games since 2018 alongside the PLA.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The extradition treaty between Vietnam and China, signed on Apr 7, 2015, is still valid. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Trach-nhiem-hinh-su/Thong-bao-03-2020-TB-LPQT-hieu-luc-Hiep-dinh-dan-do-giua-Viet-Nam-Trung-Hoa-438375.aspx
- http://www.moj.gov.cn/pub/sfbgw/flfggz/flfggzflty/fltyydty/201909/t20190918_151459.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Continuous cooperation on combating terrorism mentioned in the Joint Declaration after Xi Jinping's visit to Vietnam in Dec. 2023. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://tapchicongthuong.vn/bai-viet/toan-van-tuyen-bo-chung-viet-nam-trung-quoc-114824.htm
- https://www.vietnam.vn/en/tuyen-bo-chung-viet-nam-trung-quoc/
- https://congan.hatinh.gov.vn/bai-viet/viet-nam-va-trung-quoc-tich-cuc-phoi-hop-dau-tranh-co-hieu-qua-voi-cac-loai-toi-pham_1702342506.caht
- https://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/web/guest/tin-binh-luan/-/asset_publisher/DLIYi5AJyFzY/content/tiep-tuc-cung-co-quan-he-huu-nghi-truyen-thong-lam-sau-sac-hon-quan-he-doi-tac-hop-tac-chien-luoc-toan-dien-viet-nam-trung-quoc
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Environmental Investigation Agency, an NGO, has determined that the Mong Cai Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Vietnam serves as a major entry point for ivory that is smuggled from China into Vietnam by organized criminal gangs, aided by corrupt customs and border control officers.
- https://c4ads.org/reports/out-of-africa/
- https://c4ads.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ZonedOut-Report.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In addition to performing joint exercises, the Vietnamese and Chinese police assist one another in anti-terrorism, counter-demonstration, riot prevention, and target protection training.
- https://cn.qdnd.vn/cid-6153/7190/-608136
- http://www.81.cn/2017zt/2017-11/08/content_7816064.htm
- http://asean.mofcom.gov.cn/article/o/g/202201/20220103236066.shtml
- https://movement.gzstv.com/news/detail/YrBl0/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam has been a target of cyber attacks by hacker groups attributed to the PRC in previous years. Cybersecurity threatscape of Asia: 2022–2023
- https://www.securityweek.com/chinese-cyberspies-target-military-organizations-asia-new-malware/
- https://www.ptsecurity.com/ww-en/analytics/asia-cybersecurity-threatscape-2022-2023/
- https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-hack-emails-asean-southeast-asia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Safeguard Defender's report, there is a mention of an overseas police service station under Nantong police jurisdiction established in Vietnam. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://safeguarddefenders.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Patrol%20and%20Persuade%20v2.pdf
- https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/patrol-and-persuade-follow-110-overseas-investigation
- https://www.voatiengviet.com/a/bao-cao-trung-quoc-co-don-cong-an-o-viet-nam/6868441.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnamese government is known for arbitrarily detaining people who engage in political activism criticizing the local establishment. Occasionally, the criticism of China can be perceived as a potential threat against the local government, e.g. criticism of the Chinese political system, criticism of Chinese investments and industrial zones in Vietnam. Even demontrations against the Chinese territorial claims in the South China Sea are not received well as they are considered a potentially destabilizing factor despite the fact that the Vietnamese government itself objects and denies the Chinese territorial claims.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam has ratified an extradition treaty with the PRC in 2020. The last traceable extradition case is from 2014.
- https://safeguarddefenders.com/en/blog/china-expands-system-extradition-treaties
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/vietnam-04212014191111.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam is the country where Hikvision, a Chinese manufacturer of visual surveillance equipment and monitoring systems, has the largest client base, with over 670,000 of its camera networks installed in the country.
- https://www.thevietnamese.org/2022/08/vietnams-surveillance-state-following-chinas-model-of-digital-authoritarianism/
- https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/5/17/from-vietnam-to-uk-hikvision-sanctions-signal-uncharted-waters?ref=thevietnamese.org
- https://www.top10vpn.com/research/hikvision-dahua-surveillance-cameras-global-locations/?ref=thevietnamese.org
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The use of devices developed by PRC enterprises has been observed for 4G network in a 2019 report. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Significant" rating.
- https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe/vien-thong/nha-mang-viettel-phu-nhan-cao-buoc-su-dung-thiet-bi-mang-4g-trung-quoc-521599.html
- https://vir.com.vn/huawei-sets-sights-on-vietnams-digital-infrastructure-105250.html
- https://vir.com.vn/zte-and-huawei-strengthen-tech-alliances-with-vietnam-106204.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the article listed below, Vietnam has concluded an agreement on biometric technology with the Japanese corporation NEC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnamese government has previously relied heavily on domestic telecommunications firms, such as Viettel, VNPT, and FPT, to set up the foundation for e-government services. Recently, foreign partners, including Microsoft, IBM, and Siemens have been approached to cooperate.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam is served by several fiber optic internet cables co-manufactured by a PRC-connected entities (such as APG, SeaMeWe-3, ALC, AAE-1 cables, see link 1 and 2), and is going to get connected to the ADC cable (China Telecom is one of the investors, link 3). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/stations/asia/vietnam
- https://www.submarinecablemap.com/country/vietnam
- https://vietnaminsider.vn/vietnam-to-have-new-asia-link-cable-submarine-cable-route/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20190510022612/http://www.caict.ac.cn/english/yjcg/bps/201808/P020180829385778461678.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tencent Holdings is still a shareholder in VNG Corporation, which owns Zalo (WeChat/WhatsApp like messenger app) and Tiki.vn (e-shop) (see link 1, 2 and 3). It also holds shares in SEA company, which owns Shopee.com (one of the biggest e-shop in SE Asia) (link 4). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating and a “Significant” rating.
- https://theinvestor.vn/chinese-giant-tencent-holdings-leaves-huge-imprint-at-vietnams-vng-corporation-d6827.html
- https://www.vietnam.vn/vng-lan-dau-he-lo-tencent-ant-group-la-co-dong/
- https://www.brandsvietnam.com/14666-Nguoi-khong-lo-bi-an-dung-sau-cac-thuong-vu-dau-tu-vao-thuong-mai-dien-tu-Viet-Nam
- https://www.scmp.com/business/article/3189204/sea-owner-shopee-e-commerce-platform-reports-wider-loss-after-tencent-cuts
- https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2021/7/100-million-huawei-cloud-spark-founders-summit
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
MoU on cooperation in telecommunications, information technology, communications and digital transformation between the Vietnamese Ministry of Information and Communications and Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has been signed during Xi Jinping’s State visit to Vietnam. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Significant" rating. Huawei Vietnam and BV Power JSC have recently signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation to facilitate the transition to green energy.
- https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-china-sign-36-cooperation-documents/274790.vnp
- https://english.thesaigontimes.vn/huawei-vietnam-bv-power-jsc-to-promote-green-transformation-in-binh-duong/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the website of Vietnamese National Space Center, Vietnam has cooperated mainly with France and Japan regarding space exploration.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam has been able to aquire BeiDou signal since 2013, however, GPS is still the most universally used navigation system in Vietnam
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Signing of Letter of intent to establish friendly relations between Bac Nam and Nanning city, as well as several Agreements between townships in Lao Cai and Yunnan province observed. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” and "Significant" rating.
- https://bacninhtv.vn/tin-tuc-n15829/thanh-pho-bac-ninh-va-thanh-pho-nam-ninh-trung-quoc-ky-ket-y-dinh-thu-thiet-lap-quan-he-huu-nghi.html
- https://baolaocai.vn/lao-cai-coi-trong-hop-tac-toan-dien-voi-tinh-van-nam-trung-quoc-post361714.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are many sister-city/province ties established between Vietnam and the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response. This includes Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Can Tho, Quang nam province, Lao Cai province, etc. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” and "Significant" rating.
- https://ynpaffc.org.cn/static/map/ml.html
- http://hochiminhcity.china-consulate.gov.cn/hdly/202212/t20221207_10986717.html
- https://zh.vietnamplus.vn/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E9%99%88%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%89%E4%BC%9A%E8%A7%81%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%9C%81%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC/65224.vnp
- https://fao.tj.gov.cn/XXFB2187/GJYC9244/YHCSTJ4276/202008/t20200824_3525190.html
- http://www.sdfao.gov.cn/col/col7168/index.html
- https://wb.km.gov.cn/upload/resources/file/2022/05/11/3666839.pdf
- http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/hoptac_qt/nr041014110554/
- https://www.danang.gov.vn/web/guest/gioi-thieu/chi-tiet?id=1601&_c=43
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Several ofiicial visits at the highest level at the invitation from the PRC were observed, including general secretary of the VCP Nguyen Phu Trong, prime minister Pham Minh Chinh, members of the Politburo of VCP, etc. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” and "Significant" rating.
- https://baochinhphu.vn/tong-bi-thu-nguyen-phu-trong-len-duong-tham-chinh-thuc-nuoc-cong-hoa-nhan-dan-trung-hoa-102221030111705182.htm
- https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/chuyen-tham-chinh-thuc-trung-quoc-va-tham-du-hoi-nghi-wef-thien-tan-cua-thu-tuong-pham-minh-chinh-dat-nhieu-ket-qua-quan-trong-119230629083733049.htm
- https://baochinhphu.vn/doan-dai-bieu-dang-cong-san-viet-nam-tham-trung-quoc-102230426190406876.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Mentions of scholars visiting China-ASEAN University (Country and Regional Studies) Think Tank Alliance Forum has been observed as well as academics from Vietnam National University in Hanoi visiting universities and institutes in Guangxi province, China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” and "Significant" rating.
- https://ussh.vnu.edu.vn/vi/news/hop-tac-phat-trien/vnu-ussh-thuc-day-hop-tac-ve-dao-tao-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc-voi-cac-hoc-vien-va-truong-dai-hoc-o-trung-quoc-22176.html
- https://news.gxu.edu.cn/info/1002/40022.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam attented CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings in 2017 and 2023. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” and "Significant" rating.
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2021-07/07/c_1127628998.htm
- https://cn.baochinhphu.vn/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%9B%A2%E5%87%BA%E5%B8%AD%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%82%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D%E4%BC%9A-116230318173134863.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam is governed by a single party authoritarian political system. Elections take place regularly but the candidates are nominated by the Communist party and no real political competition exists. Therefore, political campaigns require no funding or donations from third parties.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
This indicator is irrelevant in the Vietnamese context as Vietnam is a single party political system. Political candidates are selected within the Communist party, and therefore there is no need for political fundraising.)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As Vietnam and China have been quarreling about the possession of Paracel and Spratly Islands for decades. Vietnam claims power over both archipelagos based on the 1982 UNCLOS declaration. China is building structures on islands that the UNCLOS declaration recognizes as Vietnamese. Vietnam deems this structures illegal and also destabilizing the balance in the region. According to Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson: ""China was the first to discover, name, develop and manage these islands and archipelagos, and continue to exercise sovereign jurisdiction over them.China always opposes relevant countries' illegal claims on China's territory and will continue to firmly safeguard its sovereignty.""
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
They have done that but not out of the sense of admiration towards China but because the Vietnamese government is driven by the same ideology, the Vietnamese Communist party holds all the political power and human rights are being denied in Vietnam as well.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Politicians and government employees in Vietnam are usually appointed by the Communist party so this kind of political plotting seems rather unlikely. However, this is not to say that such practices do not exist in Vietnam. They do exist but they are utilized by the Vietnamese establishment itself.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As Vietnam and China operate on the same ideology, the Communist party holds complete political power and both countries tend to suppress human rights or freedom of speech, any criticism of these issues in China is considered dangerous by the Vietnamese government. However, we must understood that the suppression of criticism towards China is not caused by a sense of admiration or kowtowing but by the struggle of the Vietnamese CP to stay in power.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is mention of the Nhóm Nghị sĩ hữu nghị Việt Nam – Trung Quốc (Vietnam – China Friendship Parliamentary Group). Its Chairman is currently genmaj. Trần Quang Phương. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://quochoi.vn/uybanquocphongvaanninh/tintuc/Pages/hoat-dong-doi-ngoai.aspx?ItemID=516
- https://quochoi.vn/pho-chu-tich/Pages/pct-tran-thanh-man.aspx?ItemID=66123
- https://quochoi.vn/UBTVQH/gioithieu/Pages/cac-thanh-vien-khoa-XV.aspx
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There were mentions of donation from PRC to Vietnam before the observed time period (until January 1, 2022).
- https://hanoitimes.vn/disaster-relief-when-foreign-friends-show-kind-support-to-vietnam-314765.html
- https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/1018258/viet-nam-receives-200-000-doses-of-sinopharm-vaccine-donated-by-china-s-defence-ministry.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a mention of the PRC providing training to VCP cadres in the Joint Declaration after Xi Jinping's visit to Vietnam in December 2023.Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few, significant” rating.
- https://tuoitre.vn/de-nghi-trung-quoc-ho-tro-viet-nam-dao-tao-can-bo-chuyen-nganh-phong-chong-tham-nhung-20231130200343756.htm
- https://tapchicongthuong.vn/bai-viet/toan-van-tuyen-bo-chung-viet-nam-trung-quoc-114824.htm
- https://tuoitre.vn/de-nghi-trung-quoc-ho-tro-viet-nam-dao-tao-can-bo-chuyen-nganh-phong-chong-tham-nhung-20231130200343756.htm
- https://tienphong.vn/ha-noi-hop-tac-dao-tao-can-bo-quy-hoach-nguon-tai-trung-quoc-post1573319.tpo
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In connetion with the conflict between Vietnam and China in the South China Sea, Chinese authorities have detained groups of Vietnamese fishermen working in the disputed waters. The most recent incident, mentioned in the attached article, happened in 2020. The Chinese authorities claim the Vietnamese fishermen illegally entered Chinese waters.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam has participated in the CCICED in the previous years
- http://en.cciced.net/Events/AGM/index.html
- https://cciced.eco/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Pathways-for-Achieving-Carbon-Neutrality-and-Chinas-Role-in-Global-Climate-Governance-2.pdf
Supplementary Notes
"May consider using this link as an evidence Link" Thank you, we can change the grading to "Yes"
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam and China issued a joint statement on continuing deepening and elevating the comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership between the two countries on Dec. 13, and building a Vietnam-China community with a shared future that carries strategic significance. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Regarding Taiwan, a clear statement mentioned in a Joint Declaraion after Xi Jinping's visit to Vietnam in December 2023: "Vietnam reaffirms its consistency in carrying out “One China” policy by recognising Taiwan as an inseparable part of the Chinese territory (...)". Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_677292/1207_677304/202312/t20231213_11201756.shtml
- https://tapchicongthuong.vn/bai-viet/toan-van-tuyen-bo-chung-viet-nam-trung-quoc-114824.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Oppose
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has repeatedly opposed the PRC’s territorial claim to the South China Sea. Vietnam also prohibits the propagation of products and prints that include China's ""nine-dash line"" map, which, according to the foreign ministry, falsely lays claim to Vietnamese territory. Although without naming the PRC, in his speech at the 78th session of the UN General Assembly in New York (Sep 2023), Prime Minister of Vietnam claimed: “It is also necessary to exercise restraint and refrain from unilateral actions and address disputes and differences by peaceful means, including diplomatic and legal processes.” Therefore, the Index country has rejected the PRC’s territorial claim and the Indicator warrants a 0 score.
- https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-opposes-china-s-new-national-map-4648426.html
- https://en.vietnamplus.vn/pm-delivers-speech-at-un-general-assemblys-general-debate/268463.vnp
- https://baochinhphu.vn/viet-nam-co-day-du-co-so-de-khang-dinh-chu-quyen-doi-voi-hoang-sa-102240120131916233.htm
- https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1v/k1v7ct450e
- https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-does-not-accept-products-prints-with-illegal-nine-dash-line-ministry-4626123.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s ongoing repression in Hong Kong and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
- https://baochinhphu.vn/viet-nam-ton-trong-va-ung-ho-cac-quy-che-lien-quan-cua-hong-kong-102275005.htm
- https://baochinhphu.vn/trung-quoc-bo-nhiem-truong-dac-khu-hanh-chinh-hong-kong-102220531140605846.htm
- https://baochinhphu.vn/hop-tac-giua-viet-nam-va-dac-khu-hanh-chinh-hong-kong-tiep-tuc-phat-trien-10222060917485859.htm
Supplementary Notes
Vietnam does not comment on the political events in Hong Kong or mention the ongoing repression in its official statements.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.