Malaysia
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 13 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 199 / 388 | - |
Oct 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 13 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 57 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 17 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 33 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 37 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 39 % | - |
In 2023, Malaysia had a GDP per capita of US$11,649 and a total population of 34.91 million people.
Malaysia established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1974. Malaysia was ranked 107th in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Partly Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 53/100.
Key Takeaways
- Significant media influence is observed in Malaysia, and this can be attributed in part to the presence of the Chinese diaspora in the country.
- The substantial Chinese diaspora in Malaysia contributes to significant interactions between the two countries, particularly in the Society Domain.
- This year, as Malaysia and China celebrate the 50th anniversary of their diplomatic relations, indicators affirm the significance and strength of their partnership across economic and other key domains.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Below are media organizations under the World Chinese Media Network: 1. 星洲日报/星报媒体集团 (Sin Chew Daily); 2. 南洋商报 (Nanyang Siang Pau); 3. 中国报 (China Press); 4. 光明日报 (Guang Ming Daily); 5. 小星星 (Xing Xing Xue Tang); 6. 学海 (Xue Hai); 7. 新生活报 (New Life Post); 8. 美味风采 (Oriental Cuisine); 9. 风采 (Feminine); 10. 都会佳人 (Citta Bella); 11. 百格为星洲媒体旗下网络视频平台 (myMetro by Star Media Group). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. Malaysia has Chinese diaspora of 22.6% as of July 2023 (Link). While not all Chinese diaspora can speak Chinese, but the number is significant. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are some involvements. For instance, 星洲日报/星报媒体集团 (Sin Chew Daily) company in Malaysia has been hosting China's Belt and Road conferences and meetings in Malaysia.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Freedom House report captures the evidence between 2019-2021. "I was impressed by the performance of the Twelve Muqam," said Afdah Bin Mujap, a director of the Sunshine Daily of Malaysia. "The culture and language of ethnic groups in Xinjiang have been well protected."
- https://freedomhouse.org/country/malaysia/beijings-global-media-influence/2022-AVENUES-OF-INFLUENCE
- https://www.bernama.com/en/world/news.php?id=2229659
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202309/20/WS650aea0da310d2dce4bb6ce7.html
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202305/1291691.shtml
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supported by the Foreign Affairs Office (FAO) of the government of China’s northeastern Heilongjiang Province, the training sessions illustrate how initiatives by the CCP to shape a positive global image of the country not just of national leaders and central state media, but also a wide range of actors, including local governments and educational institutions.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysians can access the YouTube channel of the CGTN to which one of the target audience groups is the Malaysian population. Among the various videos found, there are already three that concern face-to-face interview between a host/journalist/speaker member of the CGTN and three figures from Malaysia - the new PM, one of the Princesses from the Malaysian royal family and a famous Malaysian-Chinese singer. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. The interviews/videos are broadcasted in English, which is also considered as a local and daily used language, together with the national language Malay. In addition, the nature and interest of the videos concern important figures that represent the nation. Malaysian Chinese families, like most Malaysian homes, have cable television, which has become especially ubiquitous since the pandemic. That gives them access to mainland Chinese state-run media such as CCTV and Phoenix. These networks broadcast content that is not directly political, such as programs about technology, cuisine and agriculture, as well as variety shows and dramas.
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/afcl/malaysia-chinese-press-07192023095502.html
- https://youtu.be/O_nWE1fw60s
- https://youtu.be/4RdFQLfW9zM
- https://youtu.be/ofzbow5Vuuc
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
For example, Mango Media Sdn Bhd a Malaysian media outlet that is owned by the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "few" rating. It is important because there is a big portion of the Malaysian population who are sinophone and are very well read (to the point that they create too, as Malaysians on these platforms) about the social media culture of China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
CGTN, for example, is one of the several (a little more than "few") channels provided by PRC state-fund media that is shared and broadcasted by domestic outlets like Astro. It can most probably be the content-sharing agreements. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Channels similar to CGTN that are aired in Malaysia is widely watched by the Chinese community in their household, especially the elder generations. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is this chinese social media platform that is similar to Instagram/Facebook/Pinterest which becomes more and more widely used by sinophone community overseas, including Malaysia. From there, we can see commercial advertisements from the population of the PRC as well as population all over the sinophone speaking other part of world. However, PRC state-media advertisements are not observed through local media distribution, if not, it is not widely spread, and not regular.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
They are not exactly journalist the names that will be mentioned here, but they do have a similar representation of the industry and the nation - Malaysian comedian based in Malaysia-Britain Nigel Ng (Stage Name: Uncle Roger) as well as singer Namewee is denounced by the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
BERNAMA (Malaysia's national news agency) reports Communications Minister Fahmi Fadzil describing the relationship using terms like "good relations," "strong ties," and emphasizing the "meaningful and valuable" diplomatic relationship between the two countries. The official Joint Statement between Malaysia and China explicitly uses familial/friendly terminology, describing the two countries as "good neighbours" and "true friends with sincerity”.
- https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2347952
- https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/-/joint-statement-between-the-people-s-republic-of-china-and-malaysia-on-deepening-the-comprehensive-strategic-partnership-towards-china-malaysia-commun
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysian hip hop artist, actor, and filmmaker Wee Meng Chee, better known simply as Namewee, made international headlines last year when his music was banned in China over his hit single Fragile.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is this recent program called the government-to-government (G2G) program spearheaded by the Chinese government and initiated by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China to bridge with students in Malaysia. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. A piece of news from the same piece also shares that there will be a collaboration between Malaysia's public blockchain platform developer Zetrix, the Universiti Malaya (UM) and the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) for research on AI which is not directly and not so significantly concerning on the soft power of China but rather to participate in the overall advance of technology whenever there is an opportunity just like any other country, it just happens that China has a mean to finance this. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Insignificant” rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indeed, there are a few Confucius Classrooms in malaysian universities like in Sabah and Universiti Malaya.
- https://confuciusinstitute.uts.edu.my/about-us/
- https://kzxy.bfsu.edu.cn/info/1093/1421.htm
- https://www.ums.edu.my/ci/index.php/about-us/ci-ums
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no such plan, but note that there is a part of the population who speak Chinese, and Chinese-speaking national schools have been well established in Malaysia, just like the other national schools. So in reason, students can freely have the opportunity to learn Chinese "as a foreign language" as long as there is a Chinese-speaking national school in town.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Recent research shows that there is little to no think tank belonging to PRC-affiliated network, however due to limited data available online, one could not be totally sure if such think tank does not exist. However, a very dated piece of news (2015) shows that an established think tank, the Institute Of Strategic & International Studies (ISIS) has once joined the Silk Road Think Tank Network (SILKS). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "few" rating. However, not much data shows that these think tanks exist and it could be concluded that it could not be so important in analyzing Chinese soft power. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "insignificant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In conjunction with the recently held OCTF 2023 (Malaysia) Intelligent Technology Exhibition from 16 to 18 June 2023 at World Trade Centre Kuala Lumpur, TAR UMT signed three Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with Malaysia Teochew Chamber of Commerce, Teochew International Economic Corporation Organization (TIECO) and Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Think Tank Research Institute.
- https://www.tarc.edu.my/news.jsp?cat_id=56EBCDAD-D3D4-4D3B-8AC4-44CAF115AE1E&fmenuid=63470210-0077-4156-8326-47DE252878A7&news_id=67428E8B-3CE9-41C8-BCE8-35F7530CA2B6
- https://www.xmu.edu.my/2023/1030/c16257a480347/page.htm
- https://www.malaysiaworldnews.com/two-foreign-students-from-aiu-malaysia-receive-scholarships-to-pursue-masters-degrees-in-china/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not that I have heard of.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Bilateral relationship among universities are strong, but this question is too vague to answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not that I have heard of.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not that I have heard of.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not that I have heard of.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are researches about the topic, bt no evidence to show this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Just recently, our Prime Minister just said in an official statement that China is the country's main trading partner. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I don’t have information on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indeed, PRC is the main exporter of Malaysia's local raw materials, especially the palm oil. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Consul general of China in Kota Kinabalu, Huang Shifang, said this showed immense potential and prospects for mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Sabah within the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) framework. Their collaborative efforts extended beyond tourism and infrastructure into high-end manufacturing, green energy, logistics, transportation and more, she said. “For example, the photovoltaic glass production line and silica sand mining and processing project invested by China Kibing Group at the Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park (KKIP) and Kudat, with a total investment of nearly RM3bil,” said Huang."
- https://www.mida.gov.my/mida-news/many-bilateral-opportunities-for-sabah-under-bri-says-china-diplomat
- https://themalaysianreserve.com/2023/11/17/chinas-experts-hope-malaysia-can-complete-ecrl-project-faster
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia has signed the AIIB deal in 2015, being the 51st country signing the deal. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Major businesses come from plurial sources, China is one of them, but not exactly from the Silk Road and Belt Road company.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Payments Network Malaysia Sdn Bhd (PayNet), Malaysia’s national retail payments infrastructure provider and UnionPay International (UPI) announced earlier today that cross-border inter-operable QR Payments between MalaysiaChina have gone live, providing an early impetus to the government’s Visit Malaysia Year 2026.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not that I heard of.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indeed, through ASEAN, Malaysia has a free-trade agreement with several countries, including China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
On April 7, 2023, the upgrade and expansion of the Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park and the centralized commencement ceremony for major projects were held. Li Yanqiang, chairman of Guangxi Beibu Gulf International Port Group, introduced that the future industrial park will build a multi-zone development model, focusing on new materials, new energy vehicles and power batteries, electronics, equipment manufacturing and other fields. The interactive development of the industrial park builds a cross-border industrial chain, supply chain and financial chain.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
While there are reports on the public debt, but there is no evidence of whether alaysia restructure the arrangement.
- https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2023/04/03/chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-not-a-debt-trap-says-loke
- https://www.voanews.com/a/malaysia-s-forest-city-teeters-over-china-property-giant-woes-/7252367.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the past recent years, around 2019 and 2021. There were pro-Hong Kong rallies in Malaysia, however little evidence could be found on the Malaysian popular opinion regarding Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. This might destablize the Chinese growing influence in the South China Sea region. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/10/01/cops-probe-pro-hong-kong-protest-in-kl
- https://pages.malaysiakini.com/hk-misinfo/en
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Mostly related to business.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There could be, but I don't have information.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are commentaries about the UFWD, however no specific focusing on community events.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The same report from the Sin Chew Daily investigates that the UFWD group activity including cultivating journalists and professionals from grassroot activism and sometimes offer them tour to the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. This is important because it will facilitate the Chinese influence in the region countering the international power play. However, I do not have direct evidence.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Without comprehensive data or clear evidence, attempting to answer this question could result in inaccurate or incomplete information. It may be better to skip the question instead.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sites like WeTV, iQIYI, Mango TV, Tencent Video, just to name a few from the many, show that the PRC government has been allowing diffusion of local Chinese entertainment products globally and one of their destination target is the populated Malaysian Chinese community, and it is not limited to that. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a " More than a few" rating. This is important as a cultural diffusion of soft power. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
TikTok, owned by the PRC company ByteDance, is one of the most popular apps, with a user penetration rate of 68.8%. It leads in terms of user engagement, as people spend an average of 38 hours and 49 minutes on the platform each month. Additionally, TikTok ranks as the second most accessed app, with users opening it an average of 368.4 times per month.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Malaysia, there is a branch of Xiamen University that foster such relationship between the two countries.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I don't have information on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The ISEAS State of SEA Survey 2023 show that there is a majority of Malaysian who worry about the Chinese economic and strategic power in the country. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "No" response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indeed in the piece from the Rand Institution, it is a well supported evidence that Malaysia is receiving and purchasing military equipments from the PRC. The piece cleverly provides three reasons behind this logic - notably that the relatively less expensive price and closer distance of the to geographical areas in comparison to the ones much to the west. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
ASEAN-China Dialogue also include the issues such as security. Malaysia is observer state in CICA.
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/yzs_663350/dqzzywt_663588/202309/t20230906_11139365.html
- https://www.s-cica.org
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It is reported that a reception was held on board the People's Liberation Army (PLA) destroyer Nanning, which docked at Port Klang, in a city in Malaysia.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I don't have information or evidence on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I don't have information or evidence on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I don't have information or evidence on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has completed the 10-day long Exercise Aman Youyi-2023 (Peace and Friendship 2023) joint military exercise which also featured Cambodian, Lao, Malaysian, Thai and Vietnamese forces.
- https://www.halldale.com/articles/22132-mst-chinese-pla-concludes-aman-youyi-2023-joint-counterterrorism-and-maritime-security-exercises
- http://my.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/sgxw/202308/t20230801_11120846.htm
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Senior Malaysian military and civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank in the past, peaking in 2017 before declining and stagnating. There is no evidence of such meetings taking place after 2022. Even though two Chinese naval vessels visited Penang, Malaysia, in early October 2024, led by Chinese Rear Admirals, no reports indicate that senior Malaysian military or civilian defense leaders met with them.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I don't have information or evidence on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I don't have information or evidence on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It is reported that the Chinese military will host militaries from Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam in Zhanjiang, South China's Guangdong Province multilateral drills.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no more extradition treaty.
- https://www.facebook.com/TheStarOnline/posts/malaysia-has-no-extradition-treaty-with-china-jholow/10155229335052255
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-china-uighur-idUSKBN25V1KE
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
An agreement was reached at a meeting with China’s public security minister Wang Xiaohong with Malaysia.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is still news about the activities of Triads but not all the news and information are available online. There is also this book “Kings of Chinatown” by William Tham Wai Liang, a well-published Malaysian scholar at the University of British Colombia, which borrows stories’ metaphor to introduce the secret society of Triad in Malaysia. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://ocindex.net/country/malaysia
- https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/malaysian/malaysia-police-arrest-nicky-liow-soon-hee-04112022155553.html
- https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/17428/gang-membership-among-malaysian-indian-young-adults.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is insufficient evidence to suggest that the Malaysian government has contracted PRC security services. However, PRC security companies do operate in Malaysia, primarily serving Chinese businesses and investments rather than being directly contracted by Malaysian government entities
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia is participating in China's new initiative to train foreign law enforcement officers, as part of China's plan to train 3,000 officers from various countries over the next 12 months. Malaysia was specifically mentioned as a participating country during the 2024 Conference of the Global Public Security Cooperation Forum held in Lianyungang. Also, Malaysia and China have agreed to deepen the proposed National Security Framework. This cooperation was formalized through recent agreements between Malaysia and China, covering over 15 areas, including "capacity building" and "officer exchange." The Agreement for Cooperation in Combating Transnational Crime was extended until 2034, with Malaysian leadership endorsing the partnership.
- https://hongkongfp.com/2024/09/09/china-to-train-3000-overseas-police-officers-as-it-seeks-to-cement-role-as-global-security-provider/
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202409/10/WS66df9b92a3103711928a70bf.html
- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/06/07/malaysia-and-china-to-deepen-national-security-framework-says-saifuddin
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Triads in Malaysia does not only include chinese dissidents, because the traids are joined later by different communities other than the initial chinese dissidents, but news about them has been lessen and lessen these days. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" rating. However, they don't seem to be having an issue with the Chinese (the PRC)'s influence, neither do the latter. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "insignificant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
From a report by the US, it is reported that Chinese hackers targeted military and civilian organisations in several Southeast Asian nations, including Malaysia, particularly those with similar territorial claims or strategic infrastructure projects.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence confirming the existence of PRC overseas police service stations or similar extra-legal premises in Malaysia.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2018, Malaysia did not extradite ethnic Uighur refugees to China. However, there is thus far no record of recent cases.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not that I know of.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese company Yitu Technology has supplied AI-powered facial recognition wearable cameras to Malaysian law enforcement. The Auxiliary Force, a unit of the Malaysian police, is the first to use these Chinese-made surveillance devices.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are companies of China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom operating in Malaysia.
- https://businessreport.ctoscredit.com.my/oneoffreport_api/single-report/malaysia-company/0966742X/CHINA-TELECOM-MALAYSIA-SDN-BHD
- https://businessreport.ctoscredit.com.my/oneoffreport_api/single-report/malaysia-company/1255154V/CHINA-UNICOM-OPERATIONS-MALAYSIA-SDN-BHD-
- https://pikom.org.my/member/china-mobile-international-malaysia-sdn-bhd
- https://tmglobal.com.my/key-highlights/news-and-article/articles/awards/tm-wholesale-china-telecom-global-excellent
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indeed, Huawei's branch in Malaysia has been recognized for its contribution of eauipment providance, and it's so far only Huawei being prominent on this subject as a main chinese provider. And the Malaysian recognition and usage of the chinese brand also signifies that agreements have been signed for adoption.Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. As digital is dominating our future world, this move from the PRC in contributing majorly in equipping Malaysia's technology also strengthen ties between the two countries, which could invite more power demonstration in this land. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysian telecoms is open to hardwares from different provider countries for equipping our 4G/5G network, and news shows that businesses can also have the freedom to choose Chinese provider. So far, competing with the other foreign or Chinese providers, Huawei is quite the prominent choice to go for, next to the "swedish telecom giant Erricson" (Robinson, Dan, 2 June 2023). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. However, opinions also worry about its cybersecurity risk that it might pose. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a " Significant" rating.
- https://www.theregister.com/2023/06/02/malaysia_5g_rollout_huawei
- https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/search-scholar-series/2023/12/04/chinas-gdi-elevating-foreign-aid-for-malaysia
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The ECRL is a project connecting shipping ports, and it is Malaysia's most high-end infrastructure project and involving 40 tunnels from Kelantan to Selangor, undertaken by China Communications Construction Company.
- https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202310/04/WS651ca7e6a310d2dce4bb8e80.html
- https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/airports-networks/new-airport-kuantan-malaysia-expected-break-ground-2024
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese company Yitu Technology has supplied AI-powered facial recognition wearable cameras to Malaysian law enforcement. Auxiliary Force Sdn Bhd (AFSB) is the first security force in Malaysia to integrate the body-worn cameras.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a few cases, like the one of i-City (Sharen Kaur, 26 January 2022). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The piece of news also claims that there is a shift from the previous adoption of the American technology to the Chinese one which is clearly more efficient for the case of Malaysia. Therefore; this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I don't have evidence on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a grow of PRC-connected venture capital (VC) investing in Malaysian tech start-up. Therefore; this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. According to the observation of a piece (Ashiqin Ariffin, 15 May 2023), this would invite a "reglobalization", that would want to express a shift of globalization from the conventional idea of the West or Centre towards the East. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Earlier this year, the Malaysian government itself has announged the signing of MOU, which logically explains the recognition of other local companies towards the MOU. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" and a "significant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
On 30th November 2021, Malaysia through Malaysia Space Agency (MYSA) signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with China National Space Administration (CNSA).
- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/04/05/dr-wee-msia-keen-to-cooperate-with-china-on-aerospace-tech
- https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/stsc/2022/statements/4_Malaysia_ver.1_10_Feb_AM.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
MCE Holdings Bhd’s wholly-owned subsidiary MCE Ventures Sdn Bhd (MVSB) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with China’s Chongqing Beidou Jiean Neo-Energy Technology Ltd (BDJA) to establish a joint venture (JV) for the electric vehicle business (2021).
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Pahang state government was involved in agreements with Guangxi Beibu Gulf ASEAN Investment, with co-oversight from China's MOFCOM. There are direct relationships between Malaysian state governments and Chinese provincial governments, with "several Chinese provinces vying with each other to secure the best investment opportunities". The Johor state government engaged with Chinese multinational corporations independently of the federal government, particularly in the case of real estate developments.
- https://www.chathamhouse.org/2020/08/debunking-myth-debt-trap-diplomacy/5-malaysia-and-bri
- https://investpahang.com/newsletter/courtesy-visit-from-guangxi-zhuang-autonomous-region-to-the-pahang-state-secretary-office
- https://aseas.univie.ac.at/index.php/aseas/article/download/2911/2530/3614
- https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2022/06/how-malaysian-politics-shaped-chinese-real-estate-deals-and-economic-development?lang=en
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the last decade, there were quite some twin cities between China and Malaysia. The only recent ones is the one of Chang Zhou and Johor Bahru. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. There is also little to no piece showing the development of these sister cities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Insignificant” rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The search results do not confirm that recent trips by Malaysian politicians or officials were funded by PRC-connected individuals or entities, though they highlight several high-level exchanges between Malaysian and Chinese officials.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It is normal that politicians visit PRC politicians in the PRC. However, we have no access on the information whether less publicized meetings between Chinese and Malaysian politicians have been taken place or not. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. These meetings would encourage more cooperation, but also invite more power race in this territorial. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “significant” rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are relationships between the political parties in Malaysia and China officials, such as visit etc, but there is no direct evidence on this particular indicator.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The search results indicate that while foreign funding is allowed by most Malaysian political parties' constitutions, there are no confirmed cases of PRC-connected campaign finance or donations since 2022.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A report from the Sin Chew Daily shows that there is the existence of UFWD group in Malaysia, particularly through the Malaysian Chinese community. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. For example, the Conficius Classrooms disputed rather in the West has been growing influence in Malaysia. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes in the past but not under the reviewed year since the evidence is under case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
Skip
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found suggesting that Malaysian officials, political parties, or elites have actively sought to suppress criticism of the PRC.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia is part of the BRI project of China. Thus, there is a legislative commitment especially in terms of foreign policy and economy. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
An essential aspect to emphasise regarding China’s foreign aid via GDI contributions to Malaysia’s development is its impact on the digital economy and connectivity. China has made substantial contributions to Malaysia’s digital economy through various initiatives and investments. Notably, the Malaysian government and local companies regard China as a dependable partner. Through China’s tech giants like Huawei, ZTE, Alibaba, and Hikvision.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It occurred in the past, but no evidence was found for its occurrence during the specific year under review.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not that I know of.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No information found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2016, Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak called on H.E. Mr. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China, and held talks with H.E. Mr. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council. He also met with H.E. Mr. Zhang Dejiang, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China. Both sides had in-depth exchange of views on enhancing China-Malaysia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, regional and international issues of common interest. During a meeting with Malaysian Supreme Head Sultan Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah, Han said China and Malaysia, as friendly neighbors across the sea, enjoy a long history of friendship, and that China will, under the guidance of jointly building a community with a shared future, work with Malaysia in high-quality Belt and Road construction, push forward the implementation of their respective national development plans, and enrich the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries.
- https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/home?p_p_id=101&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_101_struts_action=%2Fasset_publisher%2Fview_content&_101_returnToFullPageURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kln.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fhome%3Fp_p_id=3%26p_p_lifecycle=1%26p_p_state=normal%26p_p_state_rcv=1&_101_assetEntryId=8556564&_101_type=content&_101_urlTitle=joint-press-statement&inheritRedirect=true
- https://themalaysianreserve.com/2023/11/15/high-level-visits-heighten-new-level-of-malaysia-china-strategic-partnership/
- https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/-/50th-anniversary-of-the-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations-between-malaysia-and-the-people-s-republic-of-china
- https://english.news.cn/20231110/4869a262f9ed4275845562cc1e918666/c.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“But with the new government, our position is more clear,” he (Anwar Ibrahim) said, adding that his government’s priority was to support the “One China Policy” besides also focusing on bilateral relations with China.
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/202304/t20230402_11053250.html
- https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/660810
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Oppose
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia’s position on the South China Sea is consistent and remains unchanged. The Government of Malaysia is unequivocally and firmly committed to protecting Malaysia’s sovereignty, sovereign rights and interests in its maritime areas in the South China Sea, as depicted by our 1979 Map. Malaysia firmly holds the view that matters relating to the South China Sea must be resolved peacefully and constructively, in accordance with the universally recognised principles of international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982 UNCLOS).
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia was among the 11 countries who refused to vote to denounce China’s treatment of Uyghur Muslims. Plus, one of Malaysia's popular party PAS has been quiet on this issue as well. No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
- https://www.malaymail.com/news/world/2022/10/07/malaysia-among-11-nations-that-abstained-from-un-vote-on-debate-about-chinas-treatment-of-uyghur-muslims/32202
- https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/639773
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.