Nigeria
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 4 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 249 / 396 | - |
Sep 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 3 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 68 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 12 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 40 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 10 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 59 % | - |
In 2023, Nigeria had a GDP per capita of US$1,621 and a total population of 225.49 million people.
Nigeria established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1971. Nigeria was ranked 112th in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Partly Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 44/100.
Key Takeaways
- Nigeria has significant economic ties with the PRC, being Nigeria's top trading partner and largest source of bilateral debt. PRC-connected entities also own or control critical infrastructure in Nigeria like the Lekki Deep Sea Port.
- There are substantial ties between Nigerian and Chinese media, with content sharing agreements, journalist trainings and exchanges, and Chinese state media like China Radio International broadcasting in local Nigerian languages. Some prominent Nigerian media figures frequently promote CCP narratives.
- In terms of military and security, Nigeria has imported military equipment from China, participated in China-Africa security forums, and signed counter-terrorism agreements. However, Nigeria remains committed to African autonomy and preventing undue foreign interference. Chinese companies have also supplied surveillance technology used by Nigerian law enforcement.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
West Africa Chinese Voice, West African Unified Business Daily and StarTimes brands of World Chinese Media and are available in Nigeria.
- https://www.gcmcu.com/static/content/LMHY/HYGL/2023-07-25/1133451572614823936.html
- https://www.gcmcu.com/static/content/LMHY/HYGL/2023-07-25/1133451858892849152.html
- https://von.gov.ng/startimes-announces-shut-down-of-digital-video-broadcasting-t1/#:~:text=StarTimes%20has%20the%20widest%20digital,DVB%2DT1%20technology%20for%20good
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chairman of THISDAY Editorial Board, Mr. Olusegun Adeniyi has been a member of the Council of the Belt and Road News Network (BRNN). Therefore this indicator deserves a few and significant rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Nigeria, journalists and media organizations have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities. According to the Freedom House report for 2022, paid-for media tours for Nigerian journalists to China have been ongoing since 2017. These tours are significant as they provide opportunities for Chinese officials to influence Nigerian journalists' perceptions and potentially shape their reporting on China-related issues. In September 2022, journalists from mainstream media of over 60 countries, including Nigeria, were invited to visit Daxing Biomedicine Industrial Base in Beijing. This event was organized by the Foreign Affairs Office of the People's Government of Beijing Municipality and China Public Diplomacy Association. In May 2023, a Nigerian delegation of journalists visited China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" and "Significant" rating.
- https://freedomhouse.org/country/nigeria/beijings-global-media-influence/2022
- https://wb.beijing.gov.cn/en/express/202301/t20230117_2902872.html
- https://wb.beijing.gov.cn/home/ztzl/wgjzzjbj/202305/t20230530_3117690.html
- https://wb.beijing.gov.cn/en/express/202309/t20230901_3241564.html
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese government pledged in 2015 to train 1,000 African journalists every year. The media exchanges and training programs in which Nigerian journalists take part are broken down into short-term , medium-term, and long-term options [1]. Participating in the training sessions were twenty heads of the foreign departments of major media companies as well as prominent media practitioners from seven African nations, including Nigeria and Angola. [2, 3]
- https://freedomhouse.org/country/nigeria/beijings-global-media-influence/2022#footnote46_yw8mdpm
- http://www.cicgcorp.com/2023-05/11/content_42364467.html
- http://www.cicg.org.cn/2023-05/11/content_42364028.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China Radio International broadcasts in Hausa, a language spoken by 30 percent of Nigerians. Therefore this indicator deserves a few and significant rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China’s official Xinhua News Agency has signed content exchange agreements with local news services. Therefore this indicator deserves a few and significant rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2022, an interview with a former editor at local media outlet who requested anonymity, claimed local media outlets whose editors or publishers have such a relationship with the Chinese embassy tend to censor their own journalists when they produce unfavorable articles. Therefore this indicator deserves yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence of the Indicator phenomenon, though with some nuance. While a Nigerian media outlet (The Nation Online) uses emotive language like "friendship". An article in the Nigerian media outlet (The Nation Online) uses emotive language like "friendship" to describe relations with China in an article title from August 2022 [1]. Other examples exist, but seem to be written by Chinese, rather than Nigerian writers. An April 2024 article uses the term "friendship" to describe the relationship between the two countries. was authored by the Consul General of the People's Republic of China in Lagos, not by Nigerian media directly. Another article from October 2023 presents research about "micro-level interactions" and discusses cultural exchange and cooperation between Chinese and Nigerian workers.
- https://thenationonlineng.net/nigeria-china-relations-consolidating-uncommon-friendship-for-the-next-five-decades/
- https://independent.ng/the-friendship-between-china-and-nigeria/
- https://www.dataphyte.com/latest-reports/china-nigeria-relations-micro-level-interactions-among-chinese-and-nigerian-workers-in-nigeria/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Ikenna Emewu, the editor in chief of Africa China Economy magazine and founder of the Africa China Press Centre, also frequently publishes articles that promote CCP narratives in media outlets other than his own. Therefore this indicator deserves a few and significant rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
More than 65 Universities by provide Huawei Academies, key universities benefit from Huawei. Therefore this indicator deserves a "few" and "significant" response.
- https://www.financialnigeria.com/huawei-commits-to-building-a-fully-digital-it-ecosystem-in-nigeria-news-2463.html
- https://businessday.ng/news/article/huawei-strengthens-partnership-with-nigerian-tertiary-institutions/
- https://tribuneonlineng.com/huawei-signs-tripiartite-partnership-to-boost-digital-learning/
- https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2016/10/Huawei-Innovation-Experience-Center-Nigeria
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Unizik and Unilag both have Confucius Institutes. University of Lagos is a prominent university, therefore this indicator deserves a "few" and "significant" rating.
- https://unizik.edu.ng/chinese-confucius-institute-ci
- https://confuciusinstituteunilag.com/
- https://www.digmandarin.com/confucius-institutes-around-the-world.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2024, The Bayelsa state government aims to introduce Chinese to school curriculum. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Centre for China Studies (CCS) in Nigeria is funded by the Belt and Road Studies Network.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
At least one expert was found, a biologist, participating in the Thousand Talents Program. Another scholar was funded under the Overseas High-Level Talent Recruitment Programs, the Foreign Outstanding Young Scholars Research Fund Project. Therefore this indicator deserves a "few" and insignificant response.
- https://english.cas.cn/bcas/2013_1/201411/P020141121531258182918.pdf
- https://news.sicau.edu.cn/info/1078/73812.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Evidence of a delegation and an individual having travelled to PRC under organised programs. Therefore this indicator deserves a few and insignificant rating.
- https://m.chinanews.com/wap/detail/chs/sp/10079460.shtml
- https://web.archive.org/save/https://kl.chinapress.com.my/20220706/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%9B%A2-%E8%AE%BF%E9%9B%AA%E5%B7%9E%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E8%80%83%E5%AF%9F/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2021, some scholars proposed using Chinese curriculum to revamp technical, vocational education in Nigeria. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Osidipe Adekunle, a Nigerian scholar who works in China, has praised PRC and its progress on the first human right, "freedom from poverty." Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2023, the National Bureau of Statistics listed China as the top trading partner for goods. Therefore this indicator deserves a Yes response.
- https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pdfuploads/Q3_2023_Foreign_Trade_Statistics_Report.pdf
- https://oec.world/en/profile/country/nga?yearlyTradeFlowSelector=flow1
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the external debt stock data from the Debt Management Office, China owns up to 86% of Bilateral Sovereign Debt. Therefore this indicator deserves a Yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2023, the National Bureau of Statistics listed Spain as the top customer. Therefore this indicator deserves a No response.
- https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pdfuploads/Q3_2023_Foreign_Trade_Statistics_Report.pdf
- https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/refined-petroleum/reporter/nga
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The new Lekki Deep Sea Port is 75% owned by the China Harbour Engineering Company (CHEC) and Tolaram group. Therefore this indicator deserves a Yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2021, Nigeria joined the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Therefore this indicator deserves a Yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A number of Nigerian CEOs are listed as members. Therefore this indicator deserves a Yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
GTB, Enterprise bank, Jaiz Bank, Hasal MFB and ASO Savings are banks that use CIPS. Therefore this indicator deserves a Yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria has a free trade agreement with China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria has free trade zone (Lekki Free Zone) for China-Nigeria Trade.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence that suggests that a West African Council for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China (CPPRC) has existed since as early as 2004 and one of the member countries is Nigeria. Therefore this indicator deserves a few rating. China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association of West Africa and Nigeria group has been active since, including in 2024 when it issued statements about the Taiwan election. Therefore this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- http://lagos.china-consulate.gov.cn/zlsxw/202401/t20240116_11224606.htm
- http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/zt/tch9hwhzh/bwbd/xgzl/201211/t20121107_3356648.html
- https://www.unhm.org/2023/08/15/hong/archives/11612
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The China Chamber of Commerce of Nigeria was approved by the Ministry of Commerce of China in November 2009 and registered in Nigeria in February 2010. The chamber has been active since, promoting exchanges between Chinese enterprises, units and individuals in Nigeria. Further, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions states in its website that it conducts exchanges with trade union organizations in Nigeria. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.acftu.org/xwdt/ghyw/202309/t20230920_834305.html?7OkeOa4k=qAr3kGksAAPEHmN6hXTtOwqNw_hmdj2KUy9eCZkTnD3qqHXNs.ctqAqqfq
- http://en.cgccnig.com/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese Embassy in Nigeria held the Spring Festival activities such as a reception for the Chinese New Year of the Dragon held by the Consulate General in Lagos. The consulate also co-organised the 2024 “One World One Spring Huaxing Shines” Spring Festival Gala & New Year's Food Festival. The Dragon Boat Festival was held in Lagos in 2023. Therefore this indicator deserves a few rating. These events were held by the PRC diplomats as part of usual celebration of national holidays. Therefore this indicator deserves a insignificant rating.
- https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/06/dragon-boat-festival-chinese-envoy-urges-nigerians-to-embrace-culture/
- http://ng.china-embassy.gov.cn/zngx/znwl/202401/t20240131_11237374.htm
- http://lagos.china-consulate.gov.cn/eng/zlgxw/202402/t20240206_11241059.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
At the 2023 Belt and Road Journalists Forum hosted by the All-China Journalists Association in Beijing, the president of the All-China Journalists Association and the and the national president of the Nigeria Union of Journalists both read declarations on coverage of the BRI. The Association of Chinese Women in Nigeria is an organization that facilitates exchanges between Chinese and Nigerian women. This close engagement means that this indicator deserves a yes response.
- https://businessday.ng/uncategorized/article/association-wants-media-promote-china-nigeria-relations/
- https://dailytrust.com/nigerian-chinese-journalists-partner-on-information-exchange/
- http://www.cgccnig.com/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=5800
- http://ng.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/zngx/znwl/202303/t20230311_11039296.htm
Supplementary Notes
In addition to serving as president of the Nigeria Chinese Alumni Association, the chairman of the Nigerian Artists Association maintains regular communication with pertinent Chinese associations.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence that suggests PRC connected individuals donate to charitable causes in Nigeria. In 2022, Chinese-funded businesses in Nigeria organize charitable events, corporate representatives from the China General Chamber of Commerce in Nigeria held a charity donation event, PowerChina launches donation activities in Kano State, Nigeria.The Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Nigeria cooperated with the Ministry of Women's Affairs of Nigeria to hold a health event for orphans at the Victorine Children's Home Orphanage in Abuja. And, the chairman of the Chinese Industrial and Commercial Enterprises Association and Huaxing Arts Troupe Nigerian was cited in 2022 for providing aid to orphanages, students and low income earners in Nigeria. Therefore, this indicator deserves a yes response.
- https://independent.ng/chinese-community-will-continue-to-support-nigeria-chinese-industrialist/
- https://web.archive.org/save/http://ng.chinaembassy.gov.cn/zngx/znwl/202306/t20230602_11088758.htm
- https://web.archive.org/save/http://ng.chinaembassy.gov.cn/zngx/znwl/202207/t20220729_10729724.htm
- https://web.archive.org/save/http://www.cgccnig.com/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=5783
- https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.powerchina-intl.com/show/24/2738.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Startimes has provided cheap access to their services and now is providing infrastructure to promote its use. Therefore this indicator deserves a few but significant rating.
- https://africa.cgtn.com/china-launches-digital-tv-project-for-1000-nigerian-villages/
- https://www.cddwestafrica.org/reports/chinese-digital-satellite-tv-exporting-propaganda-to-rural-nigeria/
- https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.startimes.com.cn/en/2019/10/5559.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
TIktok was the third most downloaded app in Nigeria as of early 2022. Therefore, this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria hosts a China Cultural Center which was established on March 2, 2012, based on the agreement signed by both countries, and opened on Sept 9, 2013. Among other items, PRC-connected entities have funded a Chinese film festival in Nigeria. The Chinese Embassy in Nigeria and the China Cultural Center hosted the "2023 Women's Culture Day" series of activities The "2022 China-Nigeria Cultural Tourism Forum" hosted by the Nigeria China Cultural Center and co-organized by the Nigeria Youth Tourism Development Organization was held in Abuja. Therefore this indicator deserves a few but significant response.
- https://tribuneonlineng.com/china-film-fiesta-opens-in-lagos-with-celebration-of-cultural-diversity/
- https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/09/mid-autumn-festival-china-committed-to-bilateral-relations-with-nigeria-consular-general/
- http://en.chinaculture.org/ccc/2015-02/17/content_606619.htm
- https://www.facebook.com/CCCNIG/
- http://ng.chinaembassy.gov.cn/chn/zngx/znwl/202303/t20230311_11039296.htm
- https://www.sohu.com/a/537943262_121119390
Supplementary Notes
The URLs below provide supporting evidence: 1. The China Cultural Center in Nigeria: Link Link 2. 2023 Women's Culture Day: Hosted by the Chinese Embassy in Nigeria and the China Cultural Center. Link 3. 2022 China-Nigeria Cultural Tourism Forum: Organized by the Nigeria China Cultural Center and co-organized by the Nigeria Youth Tourism Development Organization. Link
- http://en.chinaculture.org/ccc/2015-02/17/content_606619.htm
- https://www.facebook.com/CCCNIG/
- http://ng.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/zngx/znwl/202303/t20230311_11039296.htm
- https://www.sohu.com/a/537943262_121119390
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A survey from Pew Research Center in 2019 found that 70 percent of Nigerians had a favorable view of China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China donated 46 meter patrol boats to Nigerian Navy. Therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria has participated in the 2023 China-Africa Peace and Security Forum to cooperate on mutual security interests, but remains committed to upholding African autonomy and preventing undue foreign interference in African affairs. Therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
However, there are concerns that one may be built.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria is mentioned in an article about the dispatching of a taskforce to do anti-piracy exercises. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
On March 16, 2022, the Security and Defense Sub-Committee of the China-Nigeria Inter-Governmental Committee.
- http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CMC/Departments/OfficeforInternationalMilitaryCooperation/15952703.html
- https://jamestown.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Read-the-11.18-Issue.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As a part of the Nigerian Navy's 68th anniversary celebrations, the Navy participated in a joint exercise with a Chinese warship The PLANS (PLA Navy Ship) Xuchang, a Type 054A frigate in the PLA Navy's 46th escort task force. The joint exercise took six-day from May 27 to June 1. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- http://www.cdsndu.org/Uploads/file/20210526/3b1a79d24eddc53d7065a5d08e67ab9d.pdf
- http://lagos.china-consulate.gov.cn/eng/zlszc/202307/t20230714_11113608.htm
- http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CHINA_209163/TopStories_209189/16313772.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China and Nigeria maintain an extradition treaty. Therefore, this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria and China signed agreement on counter-terrorism in 2020. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence suggesting that Chinese nationals are involved in illegal activities in Nigeria. The most prominent involves the mining sector where Chinese groups interested in accessing minerals have offered bribes to militant groups. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.facebook.com/Lawube/videos/chinese-criminals-gangs-in-nigeria/871474940032794/
- https://www.icirnigeria.org/how-chinese-are-financing-terrorists-to-illegally-access-mineral-resources-in-nigeria-report/
- https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/chinese-bribed-nigerian-militants-for-access-to-vast-mineral-reserves-wlghq7d2j
- https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/illegal-mining-by-chinese-actors-complicates-nigeria-s-criminal-landscape
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence to suggest that DeWe Security Service Group is active in Nigeria. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. DeWe Security Service Group one of the most well-known overseas Chinese firms. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Significant” rating.
- https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/08/chinese-security-contractors-in-africa-pub-82916
- https://www.military.africa/2023/12/chinas-mercenaries-in-africa-a-growing-threat-or-a-strategic-partner/
- https://greydynamics.com/the-rise-of-chinese-military-contractors-in-africa/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese Embassy in Nigeria held a two-day Chinese training course for 40 Nigerian police officials in 2019. In 2023, the PRC Ministry of Public Security also held a two-week seminar on Combating Cybercrime which was attended by Nigerian police officers. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a Few” rating. There is the centralized training course for Nigerian police officers and law enforcement officials in China. The participants are 15 police law enforcement officers from the Nigerian Police Headquarters and various branches. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Significant” rating.
- http://ng.china-embassy.gov.cn/zngx/201910/t20191012_7033174.htm
- http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-06/28/content_5206468.htm
- https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2017/07/id/2908054.shtml
- https://guardian.ng/news/npf-partners-chinese-govt-to-combat-terrorism-major-crimes/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PlugX, a strain of malware connected to the Chinese Ministry of State Security has been found in Nigeria. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a Few” rating. 15 countries were found to account for over 80% of the total infections — led by Nigeria, India, Iran, Indonesia, the United States. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Significant” rating.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240309020619/https://therecord.media/african-telecom-targeted-by-chinese-hackers
- https://therecord.media/plugx-malware-infections-more-than-170-countries
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinas has opened an overseas police service station in Benin City in Nigeria. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
- https://saharareporters.com/2022/10/18/china-opens-police-station-nigerian-city-over-20-other-countries
- https://gazettengr.com/china-opens-police-stations-in-nigeria-clamps-down-on-alleged-chinese-fraudsters/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2008, the late President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua’s administration awarded a $470m contract to a Chinese company, ZTE, to procure and install CCTV cameras in Lagos and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. A Chinese company has been awarded a contract to install CCTV cameras for law enforcement. Therefore, this indicator deserves a yes response.
- https://techpoint.africa/2020/01/08/cctv-cameras-in-nigeria
- https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00ZHWQ.pdf
- https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/558676-nigeria-to-sign-agreement-with-chinese-firm-for-electronic-border-surveillance-system.html
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/China-looms-large-over-Nigeria-s-presidential-election
- https://theconversation.com/some-african-governments-are-spending-millions-to-spy-on-their-citizens-stifling-debate-and-damaging-democracy-215554
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei provides services partners with MTN to provide services in Nigeria. Therefore this indicator deserves a Yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei leads mobile connectivity and is involved in various ICT infrastructure projects in Nigeria. Therefore this indicator deserves a more than a few, significant response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2018, Glocom a Nigerian telecommunications company signed an MOU with Huawei for an undersea cable Nigeria. Therefore this indicator deserves a a few, significant response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are currently no official bans on using equipment from companies like Huawei or ZTE. Therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria has procured biometric systems for elections from China. Therefore this indicator deserves a more than a few, significant response.
- https://www.biometricupdate.com/202307/biometric-voter-machines-feature-in-nigerias-post-election-litigations
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/China-looms-large-over-Nigeria-s-presidential-election
- https://www.energyfocusreport.com/security-fg-to-sign-agreement-with-huawei-for-electronic-surveillance-of-land-borders/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei partnered with the government to establish safe cities in Nigeria. Therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.
- https://www.ids.ac.uk/news/african-nations-spending-1bn-a-year-on-harmful-surveillance-of-citizens/
- https://crossriverwatch.com/2016/11/again-cross-river-signs-contract-with-huawei-to-make-calabar-first-smart-city-in-nigeria/
- https://www.itnewsafrica.com/2017/08/nigerian-government-and-huawei-partner-on-smart-cities-initiative/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Meta-backed, Chinese Mobile subsea cable connects in Nigeria, the West African Cable System (WACS) is provided by Huawei and services Nigeria and the Nigeria Cameroon Submarine Cable System (NCSCS) is provided by HMN Tech(华海通信). Therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.
- https://techcabal.com/2023/10/11/exclusive-meta-backed-45000km-subsea-cable-to-land-in-two-nigerian-locations-in-november/
- https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/2africa-cable-lands-in-nigeria/
- https://archive.fo/bzNBs
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210401052335/
- http://www.pccw.com/staticfiles/PCCWCorpsite/About%20PCCW/Investor%20Relations/Announcements%20&%20Notices/2021/Mar/e01_Annual%20Report.pdf
- https://www.submarinecablemap.com/submarine-cable/nigeria-cameroon-submarine-cable-system-ncscs
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Opay, Palmpay and others among startups invested in by Chinese investors. Therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
AIR and Nigerian Space Agency Sign MOU to Collaborate on Agriculture Monitoring. Therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China launched Nigeria’s first communications satellite in 2007, and in 2011 launched Nigeria’s second one. Therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria does use the BeiDou satellite navigation system, therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2021, Lagos state and China signed an agreement to produce cars. Therefore, this indicator deserves a few but significant rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Osogbo is a sister city of China's Xiangyang. Therefore this indicator deserves a few, significant response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Numerous government employees have been hosted by Chinese organisations. Therefore this indicator deserves a few, significant response.
- https://punchng.com/fg-chinese-consortium-sign-463m-power-development-deal/
- https://guardian.ng/news/sdgs-specialist-aniakor-chiamaka-joins-other-delegates-in-china-for-green-energy-seminar/
- https://punchng.com/shettima-to-represent-tinubu-at-3rd-belt-road-forum-in-china/
- https://lagos.china-consulate.gov.cn/zlsxw/202307/t20230720_11115477.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Representatives from Nigeria’s two largest parties, the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and the All Progressives Congress (APC) attended the World Political Parties Summit in 2021. The International Department of the CPC also organised the China-Nigeria Business Dialogue in 2022, which had members of the APC who had ministerial posts attend via video link. Therefore this indicator deserves a few, significant response.
- https://nairametrics.com/2021/07/07/nigerian-political-parties-must-work-together-towards-national-development-china/
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202209/t20220901_149729.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Since 2017, the military has monitored the activities of Nigerians on social media for anti-government and anti-military comments, while Chinese tech giant Huawei restricts access to political and social advocacy websites. However, the review found no clear suppression of speech about China. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria has a Nigeria-China Parliamentary Friendship Committee in its House of Representatives, as mentioned in an article from Leadership News dated October 2023 [1]. The Speaker of the House introduced the chairman of this committee, Hon. Jafaru Yakubu, during a meeting with the Chinese ambassador. Additionally, an article from Premium Reporters in October 2023 [2] refers to Hon. Jaafaru Yakubu as the chairman of the House of Representatives Committee on Nigeria-China Parliament Friendship Group. There is clear evidence of the Indicator phenomenon, therefore this indicator deserves a 'yes' response.
- https://leadership.ng/nigeria-china-relationship-mutually-beneficial-abbas/
- https://premiumreporters.com.ng/hon-aisha-bardeto-replicate-lessons-at-nigeria-china-parliament-friendship-group-in-taraba-state/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The PRC has a long history of donating aid to Nigeria. Therefore this indicator deserves a deserves a more than a few and significant rating.
- https://chinadialogue.net/en/energy/nigerians-benefit-from-chinese-solar/
- https://www.defenceweb.co.za/featured/nigerian-navy-receives-donated-patrol-boat-from-china/
- https://china.aiddata.org/projects/92953/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Nigerian government and Huawei have signed an MoU to Train 1000 Civil Servants. Nigerian civil service members have received training in tourism. Therefore this indicator deserves a deserves a more than a few and significant rating.
- https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/03/08/fg-huawei-sign-mou-to-train-1000-civil-servants
- https://world.people.com.cn/n1/2020/0825/c1002-31836468.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2020, Nigerian students in China were displaced by the Chinese government. Therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"By the end of 2009, the investment volume in ... mainly concentrated in South Africa, Nigeria, and Zambia" according to a report by the CCICED Task Force on Investment, Trade, and Environment. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Supplementary Notes
According to a CCICED report, by the end of 2009, ... the investment volume in Asia registered at USD 185.5 billion, accounting for 75.5% of the total volume and mainly concentrated in Hong Kong, Macao, Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asian countries; the investment volume in Latin America was USD 30.6 billion, accounting for 12.5% of the total and mainly concentrated in the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Brazil, and Peru; the investment volume in Africa was USD 9.33 billion, accounting for 3.8% of the total and mainly concentrated in South Africa, Nigeria, and Zambia.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria and China signed a strategic partnership in 2006. In the period, the Nigerian Vice President reaffirmed commitment to the partnership and expressed a need for it to deepen.
- https://statehouse.gov.ng/news/nigeria-china-strategic-partnership-key-to-africas-development-vp-shettima/
- https://events.ceu.edu/2023-02-24/strategic-partnership-agreement-between-china-and-nigeria-why-does-it-matter
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria has affirmed it's support of China's “one China” policy. Therefore, this indicator deserves a yes response.
- https://africachinapresscentre.org/2021/05/31/chinese-embassy-abuja-replies-us-ambassador-on-exclusion-of-taiwan-in-wha-says-allegation-false-misleading/
- https://ng.china-embassy.gov.cn/zngx/znwl/202401/t20240117_11225346.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria supported China’s position in territorial disputes in the Pacific region.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria signed a joint statement that included the words "Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Tibet related issues are China's internal affairs that brook no interference by any external forces." This does not constitute explicit support, but reaffirms China's right to act as it wishes in the territory. Therefore, Nigeria has supported China's governance of the territory.
- http://geneva.china-mission.gov.cn/eng/dbdt/202206/t20220616_10703983.htm
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/China-looms-large-over-Nigeria-s-presidential-election
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria signed a joint statement that included the words "Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Tibet related issues are China's internal affairs that brook no interference by any external forces." This does not constitute explicit support, but reaffirms China's right to act as it wishes in the territory. Therefore, Nigeria has supported China's governance of the territory.
- http://geneva.china-mission.gov.cn/eng/dbdt/202206/t20220616_10703983.htm
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/China-looms-large-over-Nigeria-s-presidential-election
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nigeria signed a joint statement that included the words "Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Tibet related issues are China's internal affairs that brook no interference by any external forces." This does not constitute explicit support, but reaffirms China's right to act as it wishes in the territory. Therefore, Nigeria has supported China's governance of the territory.
- http://geneva.china-mission.gov.cn/eng/dbdt/202206/t20220616_10703983.htm
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/China-looms-large-over-Nigeria-s-presidential-election
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