Kyrgyzstan
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 30 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 175 / 396 | - |
May 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 26 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 47 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 34 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 20 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 24 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 47 % | - |
In 2023, Kyrgyzstan had a GDP per capita of US$1,970 and a total population of 7.02 million people.
Kyrgyzstan established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1992. Kyrgyzstan was ranked 120th in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Not Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 27/100.
Key Takeaways
- Kyrgyzstan displays significant media ties with China, indicating a notable level of influence. Diplomatically, the country showcases a comprehensive strategic partnership with substantial aid, parliamentary ties, and alignment on key issues.
- Kyrgyzstan demonstrates extensive academic engagement with China, including research partnerships and Confucius Institutes. Economically, the country has strong ties, serving as the largest creditor and showing Chinese influence in critical infrastructure.
- Chinese technology integration in Kyrgyzstan is substantial, particularly in telecommunications, surveillance, and critical infrastructure. This highlights a growing technological partnership between the two nations.
- While Kyrgyzstan does not import military equipment from China, it engages in significant military cooperation, participating in joint exercises and multilateral security dialogues with the People's Liberation Army.
- In law enforcement, Kyrgyzstan exhibits extensive collaboration with China, maintaining an extradition treaty, signing cooperation agreements on combating terrorism, and deploying facial recognition technology supplied by a Beijing-based military equipment supplier. This underscores a deep level of PRC involvement in this sphere.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan isn't indicated on the World Chinese Media's official website.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
TV-Radio Almaz, a company duly incorporated and existing under the laws of the Kyrgyz Republic, is a member of the Belt and Road Media community. Link Public Broadcasting Corporation of the Kyrgyz Republic (KTRK), Osh TV, TV-Radio "Almaz" (Almaz), and TV Keremet are members of The Belt and Road News Alliance (BRNA). Link In October 2016, Piramida TV reportedly became a member of the Silk Road Satellite TV Alliance. A senior staff member at KABAR shared that the media organization has joined as a member of the Belt and Road Media News Society. In 2019, Slovo Kyrgyzstan became a member of the BRI Media Community. In April 2018, some Kyrgyz media organizations were among the 59 foreign media entities from 32 countries to sign the first declaration to create the Belt and Road News Network. Link
- http://www.chnpec.com/siluen/chengyuanziliao15.html
- https://brnalink.com/members.html
- https://www.osce-academy.net/upload/file/Chinaaffairsinkg.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A Kyrgyz journalist, taken on a “press tour” by Beijing, said, "Before that, we heard that Muslims are being oppressed in Xinjiang, but we saw how they live in freedom and lead a quiet life." Link BEIJING, May 23 (Xinhua) -- Heads and representatives of media outlets from China and five Central Asian countries gathered at a media forum in Beijing to discuss strengthening media cooperation and promoting a China-Central Asia community with a shared future. The media outlets included the Television and Radio Complex of the President of Kazakhstan, Kabar News Agency of Kyrgyzstan, Khovar News Agency of Tajikistan, Media Turkmen News Agency, and Uzbekistan National News Agency. Link A forum on cooperation between state media of Kyrgyzstan and China was held in Bishkek. Representatives of Kyrgyz Tuusu, Slovo Kyrgyzstana, political scientists, and experts participated. Link
- https://www-currenttime-tv.translate.goog/a/vozili-v-kitay-dlya-obmenom-opytom-i-znakomstva-s-kulturoy-kak-pekin-usilivaet-vliyanie-na-zhurnalistov-v-kyrgyzstane/32015635.html?_x_tr_sl=ru&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc
- https://english.news.cn/20230524/ea435b67b4274c049137e02246a4eca5/c.html
- https://en.kabar.kg/news/forum-on-cooperation-between-state-media-of-kyrgyzstan-and-china-held-in-bishkek/
Supplementary Notes
He has led tours in China, said the journalist. "According to information received from the Kyzyl-Suu Autonomous Okrug, about 50 thousand Kyrgyz are kept in prisons. This information was available two months ago; it is preliminary data. I heard that editors and journalists of newspapers and magazines, akyns, writers, and representatives of the intelligentsia were detained in the Kyzyl-Suu Autonomous Okrug. But I don’t know their first and last names for sure. Since 1980, the magazines 'Kyrgyz Literature of Kyzyl-Suu' and 'Kyrgyz Literature of Xinjiang' have been published in Kyzyl-Suu. They also had their own TV channel in the Kyrgyz language. Xinjiang television broadcast Kazakh and Kyrgyz channels. Now, all the people working there and book publishers are put through a 'filter,' said Serik Bilash." Link There is a table of the media tour list: Link
- https://24.kg/obschestvo/102959_kyirgyizyi_vlageryah_perevospitaniya_kitaya_ihchislo_dostigaet_50tyisyach_/
- https://osce-academy.net/upload/file/ChinaAffairsENG.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
They took us to China to "exchange experiences." How Beijing "worked" with journalists in Kyrgyzstan on the Uighur issue Link The Chinese authorities conducted trainings for Kyrgyz journalists and also took them to China, supposedly to "exchange experiences and get acquainted with the culture of the country." Link
- https://www.currenttime.tv/a/vozili-v-kitay-dlya-obmenom-opytom-i-znakomstva-s-kulturoy-kak-pekin-usilivaet-vliyanie-na-zhurnalistov-v-kyrgyzstane/32015635.html
- https://central.asia-news.com/ru/articles/cnmi_ca/features/2022/09/15/feature-01
Supplementary Notes
List of Tours and Trainings attended by Kyrgyz Media Entities in the PRC Link In a study of 18 Kyrgyz media outlets that engage more actively with the PRC than other local media, we found that PRC-focused content is supported and included directly through sponsored trips and special training programs in the PRC and/or approved and paid media inserts from China. Link
- https://osce-academy.net/upload/file/ChinaAffairsENG.pdf
- https://osce-academy.net/upload/file/ChinaAffairsRUS.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Xinjiang Television (Link) is a CCTV channel. Link Four Chinese mass media organizations operate in Kyrgyzstan: the Xinhua News Agency, the New Observation of the Silk Road newspaper, the Dolon TV television company, and the Kontimost magazine. As I understand it, they also operate in the local language. Link
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_Television
- https://jamestown.org/program/chinese-tv-channel-begins-broadcasting-in-kyrgyzstan/
- https://www.osce-academy.net/upload/file/Policy_brief_84.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
On July 7, 2015, the ElTR television company extended its contract with Xinjiang Television of the People's Republic of China for another three years. In addition to broadcasting the program "Zhungogo Sapar" ("Journey to China"), which is dedicated to economic and cultural topics, it is planned to show Chinese TV series. ElTR has been cooperating with Xinjiang Television since 2004. In 2014, the TV channel received 19.3 million soms from the PRC. Link There are also two other PRC media entities, Dolon TV and Land Bridge, that operate locally as private media without registration as foreign media. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Land Bridge (Контимост/大陆桥) is a PRC magazine. Each month, 5,000 free magazine copies are shipped from Urumqi to Bishkek for national distribution. According to interviewees 3, 4, and 6, the PRC Embassy provides various funding and technical support, such as paying for printing services or gifting computers, printers, and air conditioners.
Supplementary Notes
We have a Russian contract for cable television. KTRK, or the Public Broadcasting Corporation of the Kyrgyz Republic, has a foreign partner, CNR (Chinese National Radio), which broadcasts a daily radio music show. CCTV (China Central Television, international channel) broadcasts news programs in Russian. The following foreign programs are currently broadcast on KTRK’s channels: CNR (China National Radio) – daily music shows on the radio. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
China is well represented in the information space of the republic. The Chinese state channel "CCTV Russian" broadcasts in Kyrgyzstan. On the state channels of the republic, KTRK and ElTR, there are programs about China filmed by Chinese journalists. On KTRK, there is "Eurasia Time" (news from the state channel "CCTV Russian" in Russian), and on ElTR, there is "Travel to China" (an hour-long program about the XUAR of the People's Republic of China in the Kyrgyz language). The website of the Kyrgyz national news agency "Kabar" includes a block of news from the Chinese state news agency "Xinhua." Link There is no evidence of economic support.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
At least five interviewees explained the lack of reporting on Xinjiang issues as stemming from fear of damaging cooperation with the Embassy. Interviewee 3, a PRC Embassy officer, offered equipment and financial support to local media in exchange for managing Xinjiang narratives: "They said if we write about Uyghurs, we should consult with them." These cooperation agreements facilitated by the Embassy are crucial. At least five interviewees attributed the lack of reporting on Xinjiang issues to concerns about jeopardizing these partnerships.
Supplementary Notes
The OSCE discovered that Kyrgyz reporters who cooperated with the Chinese side were aware that they were engaging in propaganda. However, they were drawn by large payments by local standards, and in the end, they wrote exactly what Beijing wanted from them. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
For contributions to strengthening friendship, the Chinese Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan received the Order of Dostuk. Link This research found that the majority of content published by media outlets associated with the PRC portrays China in a positive light, while negative news about the country is either omitted or minimized. Link
- https://24.kg/vlast/276994_zavklad_vukreplenie_drujbyi_posol_kitaya_vkyirgyizstane_poluchila_orden_dostuk/
- https://osce-academy.net/upload/file/ChReport_eng.pdf
Supplementary Notes
Kyrgyzstan-China: A Different Reality of Friendship Between Peoples Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
"Re-education Camps" in China: Stories of Uyghurs Who Were There Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As part of the implementation of the signed Memorandum of Cooperation with the Chinese SCO Committee on Good Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation, various activities are being carried out, including assistance in translating into Chinese books published by the Center in the Uzbek language: "Eighty-Eight Tales of Eight Peoples" and "Eight Thousand Proverbs of Eight Countries." A similar translation is planned for the third book, "Eighty Great Scientists of the Eight Nations," which is being prepared for publication. There is no doubt that these books, which contain unique information and materials previously unknown to a wide audience, will help expand the educational and intellectual horizons of their readers (2021).
- https://kabar.kg/news/obrazovanie-sterzhnevoi-faktor-razvitiia-regiona-shos/
- https://kstu.kg/glavnoe-menju/vneshnie-svjazi/mezhdunarodnyi-otdel/vuzy-partnery
- https://mukr.iuk.kg/mejdunarod-sotrudnichrstvo
Supplementary Notes
In the 2017-2018 academic year, in order to build bilateral relations with Chinese universities for the exchange of students and teachers within the framework of academic mobility, draft agreements approved by the rector’s office were developed and sent to Chinese universities. Link The Department of International Relations informs students of BSU named after K. Karasaev that on September 25, 2021, the Kyrgyz-German Technical Institute of the Polytechnic University named after I. Razzakov will host the Falling Walls Lab Kyrgyzstan. Falling Walls Lab is organized by the Falling Walls Foundation with generous financial support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the Berlin Senate, Google, and Huawei. Link
- https://www.bhu.kg/academics/kcf/international-partherships
- https://www.bhu.kg/cooperation/student_mobility/fellowships/falling-walls-lab-kyrgyzstan
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
During this period, the Confucius Institute at BSU, in cooperation with universities and schools in the Kyrgyz Republic, established nine Confucius Classes. Link The Confucius Institute at Osh State University was established through an agreement between the General Directorate of Confucius Institutes in Beijing (State Administration for the Promotion of Chinese Language and Culture) and Osh State University (January 23, 2013) to strengthen friendly and educational relations between the Kyrgyz Republic and China. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Studying Chinese language in secondary school has become increasingly popular in Kyrgyzstan in recent years, and Kasymova Aiperi Kubatbekovna, a 26-year-old teacher at the Confucius Institute at Bishkek Humanities University, has witnessed this trend first-hand. Link The Embassy of China presented R. Abdysatarov’s book "Keepers of the Universe" to School No. 95 in Bishkek. The book was translated into Chinese with the support of the Chinese Embassy and handed over to the school (2019). Link
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1154828.shtml
- https://kabar.kg/news/posol-stvo-kitaia-vruchilo-shkole-95-bishkeka-knigi-r.abdysatarova-khraniteli-vselennoi/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The International Silk Road Think Tank Association was launched on Tuesday in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, to provide sustained intellectual support for China's Belt and Road Initiative. Roza Otunbayeva, former president of Kyrgyzstan, attached great importance to international think tank cooperation. "Think tanks play positive roles in helping solve difficulties," she said. "Research institutes and think tanks in Kyrgyzstan are willing to participate in initiative research with think tanks from other countries." Link Members of the University Alliance of the Silk Road include: I. Arabaev Kyrgyz State University, International University of Central Asia, International University of Innovation Technologies, International University of Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz State University of Construction, Transport and Architecture, Kyrgyz Economic University named after M. Ryskulbekov, and Kyrgyz National University named after Jusup Balasagyn. Link
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-02/23/content_23611258.htm
- https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fuasr.xjtu.edu.cn%2FAbout_UASR%2FMembers.htm%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2tIw9plB3kzbEs1D3aCS6teCh0Vi17RJV9zzJHIbED41KBpqIIu41Zsao
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Department of International Relations informs students of BSU named after K. Karasaev about the start of applications for the master's scholarship program at Renmin University of China. Link The Department of Chinese Philology at the Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilev is one of the leading educational, scientific, and methodological centers in our Republic. The department offers undergraduate educational programs in Foreign Philology: Chinese language (with Kazakh and Russian as languages of instruction). From 2011 to 2019, the department was headed by Doctor of Philology, Professor Duken Masimkhanuly. Since May 2019, it has been led by PhD Akbarkan Dauletali. The department works closely with the Chinese Embassy in Kazakhstan and leading higher education institutions in the PRC, such as Renmin University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Xi'an Foreign Studies University, and Shanghai University, with which it has a student exchange program. Additionally, an agreement on a double diploma was signed with Shanghai University, allowing students of Foreign Philology: Chinese to continue their studies at Shanghai University in their 3rd-4th year, thus receiving diplomas from both universities upon graduation. In 2017, the second cohort of students from the Department of Chinese Philology graduated under this double degree agreement in Shanghai. The department also collaborates closely with the Confucius Institute at ENU. Link The Chinese side periodically allocates grants and makes gifts: in 2010, the republic received a grant in the form of 160 Chinese buses, which were transferred to the municipalities of Bishkek and Osh; in the fall of 2015, the city of Urumqi donated 10 Chinese-made buses to the city of Bishkek. Currently, a secondary school is being built in Bishkek with a grant from the Chinese company TBEA, which operates in the republic. Link
- https://www.bhu.kg/cooperation/student_mobility/fellowships/master-programme-silk-road-school-renmib-university-of-china
- https://ff.enu.kz/subpage/kafedra-kitajskoj-filologii
- https://regnum.ru/news/polit/2085096.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Chapter 7. China’s BRI Investments, Risks, and Opportunities in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan: "Moreover, programs such as '1,000 Talents' encourage Chinese scientists and professionals living abroad to return to their homeland by providing competitive salaries and resources to incubate and accelerate their projects." Link The Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the Alliance of International Science Organizations in the Belt and Road Region with 37 national scientific institutions in the Belt and Road Region and international organizations, including the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Link Kazakh and Kyrgyz students were top recipients of Chinese state-backed scholarships. Link
- https://www.centralasiaprogram.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/OBOR_CAP_2018.pdf
- http://www.beltandroadforum.org/english/n100/2019/0427/c36-1312.html
- https://www.voanews.com/a/china-s-financial-diplomacy-wins-influence-in-central-asian-countries/6416255.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
In February 2004, by Order No. 33, the Kyrgyz-Chinese Faculty (KCF) was established at Bishkek Humanities University named after K. Karasaev (BSU). The faculty is considered one of the leading and elite structural divisions of the university. The main goal of the faculty is to prepare competitive, highly qualified specialists who are in demand in the labor market. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Import yes, export no.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China is also Kyrgyzstan’s largest creditor, holding more than 40 percent of Kyrgyzstan’s large external public debt.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Conflicts in the mining sector.
Supplementary Notes
Kyrgyzstan is preparing to develop a long-contested mineral deposit, dismissing environmental and economic concerns about a project that activists say is designed with China in mind. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese company is actively involved in geological exploration activities in Kyrgyzstan and processes gold-copper concentrate.
Supplementary Notes
Kyrgyzstan is planning to sell electricity to China and build a hydroelectric power station. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since Apr 11, 2016.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
With support from the Kyrgyzstan government for promoting collaboration between the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Eurasian Economic Union, the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce (SRCIC), the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) Business Council, and the Kyrgyz Union of Manufacturers and Entrepreneurs (KSPP) will jointly hold the Cooperation and Development Forum of the Silk Road Economic Belt in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on April 25, 2017. The forum will focus on construction collaboration between the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Eurasian Economic Union. Topics will include connectivity and interaction between Europe and Asia, the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on related countries in infrastructure, investment, and exporting, and the supporting mechanisms for financing, logistics, and business corridors. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In March 2019, Altyn Bank joined the Chinese Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS). This system is designed for international settlements in yuan, allowing foreign market participants to conduct transactions directly with Chinese partners in this currency. Altyn Bank joined CIPS as an indirect participant. The direct participant providing Altyn Bank's connection to CIPS is the bank's majority shareholder – China CITIC Bank Corporation Ltd.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is helping the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) increase its influence overseas, but the CCP’s heavy-handed practices are also beginning to provoke a backlash. Coercive foreign aid, debt traps, and a lack of transparency are fueling anti-Chinese sentiment abroad, including recently in places like Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, where China has invested heavily in infrastructure projects. Many locals view China’s behavior as predatory and corrupt. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
People's Republic of China-Eurasian Economic Union Free Trade Agreement, with Kyrgyzstan as a member.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Artur Baiterekov, head of Kyrgyzstan's Naryn Free Economic Zone, told RFE/RL on February 17 that the deal with China has been rescinded. The Kyrgyz-Chinese Ata-Bashi Free Economic Zone Joint Venture also announced on February 17 that the contract had been annulled because "it is not possible to work on a long-term large project in circumstances" where part of the local population opposes the construction of the logistics center.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
According to a report by the Center for Global Development, eight countries heavily indebted to China are in severe debt distress: Djibouti, the Maldives, Laos, Montenegro, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Pakistan. Another 15 are in significant danger of default. Since China grants large loans to countries it must know cannot fully repay, some analysts have begun to use the term “debt-trap diplomacy” to describe a practice of offering loans to force a country into debt to China. While it is debated whether China deliberately grants bad loans, alternative explanations seem less likely, as this would suggest China either completely miscalculated the creditworthiness of recipient countries or the viability of the funded projects. Either way, once a country is indebted to China, it can hardly refuse demands from Beijing. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Independent Union of Journalists of Kyrgyzstan and the All-China Journalists Association signed a cooperation agreement.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
20 Best Chinese Movies and TV Shows on Netflix Kyrgyzstan Link Dolon TV has exclusive rebroadcast rights to at least 10 PRC channels from CCTV. It also produces an original show about the PRC’s cultural and economic projects in the Kyrgyz Republic and airs Russian-language dubbed PRC films and TV shows. Link
- https://www.flixwatch.co/lists/20-best-chinese-movies-and-tv-shows-on-netflix-kyrgyzstan/
- https://www.osce-academy.net/upload/file/Chinaaffairsinkg.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan hosts a Chinese culture exhibition.
Supplementary Notes
Kyrgyzstan and China agree to organize joint cultural events. Link China and Kyrgyzstan plan to hold a conference and cultural events dedicated to the 95th anniversary of Chingiz Aitmatov. Link
- https://m.akipress.com/news:721507:Kyrgyzstan_and_China_agree_to_organize_joint_cultural_events/
- https://theasiatoday.org/news/central-asia/china-kyrgyzstan-plan-to-hold-conference-and-cultural-events-dedicated-to-95th-anniversary-of-chingiz-aitmatov/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nine percent of Kyrgyz "strongly support" China developing energy and infrastructure projects.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
China is set to provide military assistance to Kyrgyzstan (2022). The Chinese side expressed its readiness to offer military-technical assistance, which could include communication tools or technical equipment. Link The Chinese People's Liberation Army provided military equipment to the armed forces of Kyrgyzstan (2021). Link China also provides military technology assistance to Central Asian countries. Although there are no official or transparent statistics on the volume of this assistance, its scale can be gauged from media reports. Kyrgyzstan received $16 million in 2014 to upgrade its weapons and build accommodation for military personnel, and an additional $14.5 million in 2017. Link Until 2014, Beijing's arms transfers were modest, including $17.2 million in aid to Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. A large portion of China’s weapons transfers to Central Asia are labeled as donations, sidestepping 2002 legislation that limits Chinese arms exports. Link China has conducted military exercises involving Central Asian militaries for nearly 20 years. Today, China produces and exports military equipment, conducts military training in Central Asian countries, and provides assistance in military technology. Link A batch of Chinese DJI Agras T-30 crop-duster drones was acquired by a Kyrgyz firm, with plans to resell them to a company in Russia. Link
- https://24.kg/english/240746_China_to_provide_military_assistance_to_Kyrgyzstan/
- https://akipress.com/news:658672:Chinese_People_s_Liberation_Army_provides_military_equipment_to_armed_forces_of_Kyrgyzstan
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
- https://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/belt_and_road_initiative_in_central_asia_ru.pdf
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/07/18/russia-sanctions-weapons-china-drones/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
China is seriously concerned about opening a military base to protect its borders. Perhaps the gaze of the Celestial Empire will turn to other territories. Will the Kyrgyz Republic become one of them? Moreover, we have, to put it mildly, "small" obligations to China. A domestic political scientist expressed skepticism about this possibility. According to Mars Sariev, the public will react very harshly, even to rumors about its construction on the territory of the republic. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
On Thursday, an official ceremony took place in Bishkek for the signing of the act of acceptance and transfer of humanitarian aid in the form of food provided by the Chinese government to the population of Kyrgyzstan (2021). Link China to provide military assistance to Kyrgyzstan (2022). The Chinese side expressed its readiness to provide military-technical assistance, which could include communication tools or technical equipment. Link
- https://bigasia.ru/en/content/news/society/kyrgyzstan-receives-humanitarian-aid-from-china/
- https://24.kg/english/240746_China_to_provide_military_assistance_to_Kyrgyzstan/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The armies of China and Central Asian countries cooperate by sharing experience, and through training provided by the PLA to the region’s militaries. From 2003 to 2009, sixty-five Kazakh officers, along with thirty Tajik and thirty Kyrgyz military specialists, underwent training at Chinese academies. Link Beijing has also moved to train Central Asian military personnel on a bilateral basis. While its numbers still trail those of Russia, both China’s People’s Armed Police (PAP) paramilitary unit and People’s Liberation Army (PLA) academies are training officers from the region, although exact figures are not made public. Link In the last five years, about 30 Kyrgyz officers have been trained by China (2020). Link Participation of the PLA in the Fanfare for Peace Military Tattoos from August 20th to 29th, 2014, in China included nine military bands from China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan, with a total of 660 participants. The opening ceremony and marching performance were held at China's National Indoor Stadium, followed by a parade and pageant performance at the Olympic Center, and the closing ceremony of the military tattoo and the Peace Mission-2014 joint counter-terrorism exercise at Zhurihe Training Base in Inner Mongolia. Link
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://www.rferl.org/a/china-seen-as-rising-military-power-in-central-asia-foreshadowing-future-friction-with-russia/30639964.html
- https://www.idsa.in/issuebrief/understanding-chinas-growing-military-outreach-dkumar-030222
- http://www.china-un.ch/eng/dbtyw/cjjk_1/cjjzzdh/t1683060.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Chinese PLA Chief of General Staff holds talks with Kyrgyz. Link Kyrgyz President meets with Chinese Defense Minister. Link Chinese Defense Minister Chang Wanquan on Thursday called for further development of China-Kyrgyzstan military ties as a high-ranking Kyrgyz military delegation visited Beijing. Link
- http://en.people.cn/200112/17/eng20011217_86908.shtml
- http://eng.mod.gov.cn/news/2019-04/30/content_4840881_2.htm
- http://np.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/News/201311/t20131129_1583117.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) held its first joint exercises with Kyrgyzstan in October 2002. From 2003 to 2016, the Chinese army conducted a total of thirty-nine drills with Central Asian countries. Of those, the most joint exercises were held with neighboring Kazakhstan (sixteen), Tajikistan (eleven), and Kyrgyzstan (ten). Link The joint Kyrgyz-Chinese anti-terrorism exercise “Cooperation 2019” concluded on August 14, 2019, in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. About 150 military personnel from Kyrgyzstan’s National Guard and China’s People's Armed Police participated in the exercises. Link All member states, except Uzbekistan, participated in the "2007 Anti-Terror Issyk-Kul" joint military exercise, which took place in late May on the shores of Lake Issyk-Kul. It brought together SCO soldiers, CSTO officials, and representatives of security agencies and special services from each member state. The PRC continues to expand the PLA’s participation in bilateral and multilateral military exercises, normalizing the PLA’s presence overseas and strengthening ties with foreign militaries. For instance, in 2019, the PLA participated in Russia's national-level exercise TSENTR-19 alongside forces from India, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Link Similarly, the PAP has conducted drills and enhanced cooperation with Central Asian national guard units, including Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan, which participated in a 2019 exercise. Link The Chinese PAP has been training local police officers from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan in counter-terrorism operations and transnational terror through the "Cooperation 2019" series of drills. Link
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
- https://media.defense.gov/2020/Sep/01/2002488689/-1/-1/1/2020-DOD-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT-FINAL.PDF
- https://www.rferl.org/a/china-seen-as-rising-military-power-in-central-asia-foreshadowing-future-friction-with-russia/30639964.html
- https://www.idsa.in/issuebrief/understanding-chinas-growing-military-outreach-dkumar-030222
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan is indicated.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan does not grant asylum to Uyghurs due to a number of bilateral agreements with China, the most significant of which was signed in 2001 — the Agreement on Fighting Terrorism, Extremism, and Separatism under the auspices of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Link Originating in 1996 as the "Shanghai Five," involving China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan in efforts to build confidence and reduce troop levels along their mutual borders, the SCO was formally launched in June 2001 with the addition of Uzbekistan. Its expanded goals include combating international terrorism and drug trafficking, among other transnational issues. SCO members have drafted and signed the Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism, and Extremism, and created the Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure (RATS) to assist in their cooperative efforts to combat terrorism. Link's_full.pdf In 2019, the PAP hosted joint counterterrorism training in China, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Where there are trainings, there are likely treaties. Link
- https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/fr/node/193281
- https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/48426/Right%20Sizing%20the%20People's_full.pdf
- https://media.defense.gov/2020/Sep/01/2002488689/-1/-1/1/2020-DOD-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT-FINAL.PDF
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
An increase in the influence of Chinese criminal actors in Kyrgyzstan has been noted. Private-sector actors are primarily involved in financial crimes such as embezzlement, tax evasion, and corruption.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nurgul Bakirova took part in the Forum of Judges of Regional Courts, China - SCO.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
In October 2020, U.S. government officials revealed that suspected Chinese hackers were behind a series of attacks on entities in Russia, India, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Malaysia. Link About 100,000 Kyrgyzstanis became victims of cyber attacks in 2021. Link
- https://www.csis.org/programs/strategic-technologies-program/significant-cyber-incidents
- https://24.kg/english/256859_About_100000_Kyrgyzstanis_become_victims_of_cyber_attacks_in_2021/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Kyrgyz police disperse anti-Chinese rally. Link Anti-Chinese protesters arrested as police break up a rally in Kyrgyzstan, where fear and anger at Beijing’s influence grow. Link Anti-China protesters fined in Kyrgyzstan. Link
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kyrgyzstan-protests-china/kyrgyz-police-disperse-anti-chinese-rally-idUSKCN1PB1LJ/
- https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/2182604/anti-chinese-protesters-arrested-police-break-rally
- https://www.rferl.org/a/anti-china-protesters-fined-in-kyrgyzstan/29717288.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Kyrgyzstan deported Taiwanese citizens to China. Link In January 2015, Kyrgyzstan sent three Chinese citizens—two ethnic Kyrgyz and one Uyghur—back to China after they were detained for illegally crossing into the country from Xinjiang. The World Uyghur Congress reports that from 2001 to 2011, Kyrgyzstan extradited 50 Uyghurs to China. Link
- https://24.kg/archive/ru/community/120543-iz-kyrgyzstana-deportirovany-dva-grazhdanina.html/
- https://thediplomat.com/2015/05/tajikistan-and-china-to-trade-felons/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Kyrgyzstan, advanced facial recognition technology is being deployed by a Beijing-based military equipment supplier whose technology was used to establish control in Xinjiang, a region of China historically populated by Muslims. China National Electronics Import and Export Corporation (CEIEC) reportedly supplies its products to Kyrgyzstan free of charge.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Asia-Unicom LLC was established in 2014 and today has its own backbone fiber-optic line based on DWDM technology within the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. Link The partners of Asia-Unicom are China Mobile and China Unicom. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Likewise, at 90 percent and 70 percent, Huawei is the main tech supplier for Kyrgyzstan’s top telecommunication providers, Sky Mobile and Alfa Telecom. Link According to the National Statistics Office, smartphone shipments to Kyrgyzstan reached 968,000 units between January and July 2022, with the majority (872,000) coming from China. Affordable smartphone shipments, combined with operators’ efforts to expand 4G LTE network coverage, resulted in Kyrgyz operators topping the 4G availability rankings in Central Asia. Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/smart-cities-or-surveillance-huawei-in-central-asia/
- https://www.ookla.com/articles/central-asia-5g-4g-performance-q1-2023
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Asia-Unicom LLC was created in 2014 and today has its own backbone fiber optic line based on DWDM technology in the Kyrgyz Republic. Our network is organized using the most modern and advanced equipment to provide quality services. Our company provides an alternative, fast, and stable access to the Global Network through China, with a direct connection to popular traffic exchange points, TIER1 HK IX (Hong Kong). Link A fiber-optic line has been built in Kyrgyzstan, allowing access to the Internet from China. Link
- http://www.asia-unicom.net/#company
- https://digital.report/v-kyirgyizstane-postroena-vols-pozvolyayushhaya-poluchat-internet-iz-kitaya/
Supplementary Notes
China Telecom is ready to support Kyrgyzstan’s digital transformation plans. The two sides discussed future cooperation in the national 2040 Taza Koom (Clean Society) digital transformation program, said Sapar Isakov, chief of the Kyrgyz President’s Office. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The RTC in the Kyrgyz Republic is equipped with a passenger plane, a railway wagon, vehicles, and a canine training complex. To facilitate practical exercises on customs control at the border, a mock-up of a checkpoint was built, featuring a NUCTECH CX100100TI X-ray inspection system for inspecting luggage and carry-on baggage, as well as a red and green corridor for passenger traffic. Additionally, equipment for weight and dimensional control at the checkpoint and inspection sites for customs clearance of cargo trucks was installed.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Kyrgyz government agreed with China National Electronics Import & Export Corporation (CEIEC) to install a program for identifying individuals or groups. Another Chinese company, Shenzhen Sunwin Intelligent, is working on the second stage of Kyrgyzstan’s Safe City project, which involves installing new cameras in the capital, Bishkek, and across the country. Link Chinese investors have been involved in Kyrgyzstan’s ICT sector. In 2018, the Kyrgyz Republic and China signed a Memorandum of Understanding to build a national fiber ring under a public-private partnership (PPP) arrangement, but the proposed project has not yet moved forward. Additionally, Huawei and ZTE are the primary vendors of telecommunication equipment for mobile operators and ISP/broadband internet providers. Link Kyrgyzstan police have embraced Chinese facial recognition technology. Link
- https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2020/03/china-looms-large-in-central-asia?lang=en
- https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34118/South-Caucasus-and-Central-Asia-The-Belt-and-Road-Initiative-Kyrgyz-Republic-Country-Case-Study.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
- https://en.currenttime.tv/a/kyrgyzstan-police-embrace-chinese-face-recognition-tech/30248449.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
According to the Program of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic “Zhany Doorgo Kyrk Kadam,” the implementation of the “Smart City” project is planned for 2-3 years in the cities of Bishkek and Osh. Since the Smart City project is planned to follow the BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) model—where the concessionaire handles construction and operation (mainly under the right of ownership) for a specified period before transferring the facility to the state—work is underway to review proposals from interested companies and investors. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Tech entrepreneurs in Kyrgyzstan say China’s Belt and Road Initiative can help boost their country’s start-up culture. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Bishkek Humanities University (BSU) named after Karasayev and the Central Asia International Blockchain Research Institute signed a cooperation agreement.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
China promotes space cooperation with countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The completion of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan highway, the completion and operation of the China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipelines, and the regular and efficient operations of the China-Europe freight trains have offered broad prospects for the innovative application of the BDS," said Ran Chengqi, director of the China Satellite Navigation System Management Office.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The Agreement between the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Government of the People's Republic of China on cooperation in the construction and operation of the gas pipeline "Kyrgyzstan-China" was signed on September 11, 2013, in the city of Bishkek and ratified by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic on December 30, 2013, No. 229, Articles 10 and 17 of the Constitutional Law of the Kyrgyz Republic "On the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic." Link It was more than just a recommendation. China was dangling the prospect of a loan to Kyrgyzstan, a Central Asian nation of 6.2 million people, but made clear that its favored contractor had to be chosen. Believing they had no option, the Kyrgyz officials selected TBEA, a company with grand ambitions but modest experience in building and repairing power stations. Link Agreement on Good-Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation between the Kyrgyz Republic and the People's Republic of China. Link Agreement between the Kyrgyz Republic and the People's Republic of China on cooperation in the fight against terrorism, separatism, and extremism. Link China, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan signed a historic agreement on the construction of a railway. Link
- http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/97550
- https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/06/world/asia/china-russia-central-asia.html
- http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/17226
- http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/17418
- https://eurasianet.org/china-kyrgyzstan-uzbekistan-sign-landmark-railroad-deal
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sister city Foshan (China) sent medicines to Osh. Link Chinese Ambassador to the Kyrgyz Republic, Du Dewen, took part in the online ceremony for signing a sister city agreement between Qingdao and Bishkek. Link. Urumqi, China – Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan – Sister Cities. Link
- http://kabar.kg/news/gorod-pobratim-foshan-kitai-otpravil-v-osh-medikamenty/
- http://kg.china-embassy.gov.cn/rus/dssghd/202112/t20211224_10475270.htm#:~:text=22%20%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F%20%D0%A7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B8%20%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9,%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BA
- https://www.orexca.com/rus/silkroad/sister_cities.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Most of the recent visits have been the opposite, with PRC officials visiting Kyrgyzstan.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The 11th meeting of the Coordination Group Kyrgyzstan - Xinjiang UAR PRC under the Kyrgyz-Chinese Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation was held online (2022). Link President Xi Jinping met with Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov (2022). Link Chinese Premier Li Qiang met with Kyrgyz Prime Minister Akylbek Japarov in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on October 25, 2023. Link
- http://en.kabar.kg/news/11th-meeting-of-kyrgyzstan-xuar-prc-coordination-group-held-online/
- http://ge.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/202209/t20220918_10767552.htm
- https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/0G4FOA3N.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
In October 2020, a coup d’etat took place in Kyrgyzstan, where many businessmen associated with China took the side of the victorious Sadyr Japarov. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Zhaparov stated that the Kyrgyz side firmly adheres to the one-China principle, firmly believes that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China's territory, and strongly supports China's positions on issues related to its core interests, including Taiwan, Xinjiang, and Hong Kong. Kyrgyzstan is willing to strengthen cooperation with China in fields such as economy, trade, railway development, pandemic control, and security, and aims to deepen the Kyrgyzstan-China comprehensive strategic partnership. Link Interview: Belt and Road brings enormous opportunities for Kyrgyzstan, says official. Link State-owned media entities, observed locally as representative voices of the government, have opted for a friendly portrayal of and cooperation with the PRC, in line with the state's foreign policy towards China, which remains positive. PRC media entities have maintained positive, collaborative relationships with the local government in the production and dissemination of information. This content is distributed to the public mainly through inserted segments in Kyrgyz media products. Link
- https://english.news.cn/20220915/def70e7ca1624244b16f5fbaae6e3abf/c.html
- https://english.news.cn/20231005/6f9a3555cea14d7fb9072346a0a1c8ad/c.html
- https://www.osce-academy.net/upload/file/Chinaaffairsinkg.pdf
Supplementary Notes
Coronavirus physically separates people, but our hearts grow closer. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese and Kyrgyz people stand together, always offering each other help and support, and proving in practice the saying "friends are made in adversity." This is stated in the description of the video provided by the Chinese Embassy in the Kyrgyz Republic. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Two former Kyrgyz prime ministers received prison terms. The defendants were accused of allegedly using their positions to lobby for the interests of a Chinese company during the contractor selection process for the modernization of a power plant, causing damage to the Kyrgyz state and society.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Kyrgyz police disperse anti-Chinese rally. Link In Pictures: Kyrgyzstan arrests 21 at anti-China rally. Link
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kyrgyzstan-protests-china/kyrgyz-police-disperse-anti-chinese-rally-idUSKCN1PB1LJ/
- https://hongkongfp.com/2019/01/18/pictures-kyrgyzstan-arrests-21-anti-china-rally/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan-China Parliamentary Friendship Group Members Meet Chinese Ambassador (2022).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China donates mobile hospitals to Kyrgyzstan. Link China-donated emergency rescue equipment handed over to Kyrgyzstan. Link China donates another batch of humanitarian aid to Kyrgyzstan to fight COVID-19. Link
- https://english.news.cn/20230926/7499e6c5e1f644a2b50d8427cfcabcce/c.html
- http://en.cidca.gov.cn/2023-02/16/c_860570.htm
- http://english.www.gov.cn/news/internationalexchanges/202104/02/content_WS60671a60c6d0719374afc020.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China tries to hide the detention of ethnic Kyrgyz in Xinjiang camps. The Chinese Embassy in Bishkek aims to stop independent reporting about the horrific experiences in the camps and the kidnapping of students in Kyrgyzstan.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
On the morning of May 18, 2023, President Xi Jinping held talks in Xi'an with President Sadyr Zhaparov of Kyrgyzstan, who was in China for the China-Central Asia Summit and a state visit. The two heads of state announced the elevation of China-Kyrgyzstan relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership for a new era.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan firmly abides by the one-China principle and firmly maintains that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Available
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan pledges support to China on issues related to Xinjiang, Taiwan, and Hong Kong (2020). Link The Kyrgyz side firmly adheres to the one-China policy, opposes "Taiwan independence," and firmly supports China's fair position on Xinjiang and Hong Kong issues (2022). Link
- https://www.mk.kg/politics/2020/09/29/kyrgyzstan-poobeshhal-kitayu-podderzhku-v-voprosakh-sinczyanya-tayvanya-i-gonkonga.html
- https://kz-china--embassy-gov-cn.translate.goog/rus/zhgx/202206/t20220609_10700514.htm?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=ru&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Available
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Kyrgyz side firmly adheres to the one-China policy, opposes "Taiwan independence," and firmly supports China's fair position on Xinjiang and Hong Kong issues (2022).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili