Kyrgyzstan
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Kyrgyzstan had a GDP per capita of US$1,276.20 and a total population of 6.69 million people.
Kyrgyzstan established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1992. Kyrgyzstan was ranked 77nd in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Not Free in Freedom House's 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 27/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media36.4% / 30.1%
- Academia61.4% / 34%
- Economy54.5% / 33.6%
- Society22.5% / 23.6%
- Military45.5% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement70.0% / 30.2%
- Technology72.5% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics56.8% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy63.6% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Zhang Sulan (Deron TV station President , Kyrgyzstan ) is associated with the World Chinese Media Network. Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
2 TV-Radio Almaz, is a company duly incorporated and existing under the laws of Kyrgyz Republic and it is a member of Belt and Road Media community Link ; Public Broadcasting Corporation of the Kyrgyz Republic (KTRK), Osh TV, TV-Radio "Almaz" (Almaz),TV Keremet are the members of The Belt and Road News Alliance (BRNA) Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There have been at least one group of Kyrgyz journalists who went on all-expenses paid media tours in Xinjiang specifically on Xinjiang issues. The same goes with online influencers.
Supplementary Notes
Significance somewhat high because most that go are from state, pro government media and they are quite dominant amongst rural population which is about 80% in Kyrgyzstan. But amongst educated urban population they are known as propagandist
Answered by Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There have been at least one group.
Supplementary Notes
Our expert answered 2 = more than a few, but insignificant; Our expert also mentioned that his sister has participated in one of the trainings organized by China for journalists, however we could not find open source evidence and he did not provide any photo or other sort of evidence.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Xinjiang Television; (Link); CCTV channel Link
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang_Television
- https://jamestown.org/program/chinese-tv-channel-begins-broadcasting-in-kyrgyzstan/
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are at least two medias “Dolon TV” and “New Silk Road Observers” which are wholly owned by PRC citizens and corporations.
- https://www.worldchinesemedia.com/2016/11/21/517/
- http://ru.siluxgc.com/html/R1413/201711/21069986846746.shtml
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is at least one program "Travel to China/China’s Journey” (Жунгого сапар) dubbed into Kyrgyz that is propaganda provided by PRC to schools and TVs to air. [Second respondent]: Significance somewhat high. Most people I spoke to who are in their 20s to 40s know this program. It’s their first place where they learn about China (the second place is school)
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China is well represented in the information space of the republic. On the territory of Kyrgyzstan, the Chinese state channel "CCTV Russian" is broadcasting. On the state channels of the republic "KTRK" and "ElTR" there are programs about China filmed by Chinese journalists: on "KTRK" - "Time of Eurasia" (news of the state channel "CCTV Russian" in Russian), on "ElTR" - "Journey to China ”(one-hour program about the XUAR of the PRC in the Kyrgyz language). The website of the Kyrgyz national news agency "Kabar" posted a news block of the Chinese state news agency. Xi Jinping published an author's article in the media of Kyrgyzstan Link and Link
- https://regnum.ru/news/polit/2085096.html
- http://russian.news.cn/2019-06/11/c_138133768.htm
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/11/c_138133930.htm
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Link “According to information that came from the Kyzyl-Suu Autonomous Okrug, there are about 50 thousand Kyrgyz in prisons. This information was two months ago, this is preliminary data. I heard that they detained editors and journalists of newspapers and magazines, akyns, writers and representatives of the intelligentsia in the Kyzyl-Suu Autonomous Okrug. But I don't know exactly the names and surnames. Since 1980, the magazines "Kyrgyz Literature Kyzyl-Suu" and "Kyrgyz Literature of Xinjiang" have been published in Kyzyl-Suu. They also had their own television channel in the Kyrgyz language. Xinjiang TV broadcast Kazakh and Kyrgyz channels. Now all the people and book publishers working there are passed through a “filter”, - said Serik Bilash.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NO Evidence Found.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Department of International Relations informs the students of the Bishkek State University named after K. Karasayev that on September 25, 2021 at the Kyrgyz-German Technical Institute of the Polytechnic University named after I. I. Razzakov will host Falling Walls Lab Kyrgyzstan. Falling Walls Lab is organized by the Falling Walls Foundation with generous financial support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the Berlin Senate, Google and Huawei. Link Back in 2017, it was written that the Chinese telecommunications company Huawei intends to create a program of cooperation with universities and research organizations in Central Asia. In the near future, such projects were expected to be implemented in all countries of the region, including Kyrgyzstan. Link The Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the Alliance of International Science Organizations in the Belt and Road Region with 37 national scientific institutions in the Belt and Road Region and international organizations, including the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Link According to the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan's official webpage: "Together with Chinese collaborators was initiated works on the project on exploitation of hydropower resources of Sary Djaz River" Link Joint Research
- https://www.bhu.kg/cooperation/student_mobility/fellowships/falling-walls-lab-kyrgyzstan
- http://kabar.kg/news/huawei-planiruet-pomogat-universitetam-tcentral-noi-azii-po-podgotovke-spetcialistov-po-ikt/
- http://www.beltandroadforum.org/english/n100/2019/0427/c36-1312.html
- https://naskr.kg/en/2019/06/23/chronology-of-development/
Supplementary Notes
Falling Walls Lab is one of such programs organized by HUAWEI for Kyrgyz Universities.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chapter 13. Chinese Soft Power in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan: A Confucius Institutes Сase Study
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
studing chiness language in secondary school. There has been a growing trend of people in Kyrgyzstan studying Chinese in recent years, and Kasymova Aiperi Kubatbekovna, a 26-year-old teacher at the Confucius Institute in Bishkek Humanities University, has witnessed it first-hand.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The International Silk Road Think Tank Association was launched on Tuesday in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, to provide sustained intellectual support for China's Belt and Road Initiative. Roza Otunbayeva, former president of Kyrgyzstan, attached great importance to international think tank cooperation. "Think tanks play positive roles in helping solve difficulties," she said. "Research institutes and think tanks in Kyrgyzstan are willing to participate in the initiative research with think tanks from other countries." The members of University Alliance of the Silk Road: I.Arabaev Kyrgyz State University, International University of Central Asia, International University of Innovation Technologies, International University of Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz State University of Construction, Transport and Architecture, Kyrgyz Economic University named after M.Ryskulbekov, Kyrgyz National University named after Jusup Balasagyn.
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-02/23/content_23611258.htm
- http://uasr.xjtu.edu.cn/About_UASR/Members.htm
Supplementary Notes
[Second respondent]: All of the sinologists in Kyrgyzstan, especially the leading individuals, have close relations to PRC think tanks and their opinion in public is always pro-China and never critical of PRC. Most of them have written pro-China pieces on state Chinese media and/or spoke for Chinese state TV about the good achievements of China. I argue that the score should be 4, because their views are the same also within their interviews to local Kyrgyz media, where they spread PRC official narratives.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The International Relations Department informs the students of the Karasayev BSU about the start of the application for the Renmin University of China master's scholarship program. Department of "Chinese Philology" of the Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov is one of the leading educational, scientific, methodological centers of our Republic. The department implements educational programs for bachelor's degree 5B021000- Foreign philology: Chinese language (Kazakh and Russian languages of instruction). From 2011 to 2019, the department was headed by Doctor of Philology, Professor Duken Masimkhanuly. Since May 2019, the department is headed by PHD Akbarkan Dauletali. The department closely cooperates with the Chinese Embassy in Kazakhstan, as well as with leading higher educational institutions of the PRC, such as the Central Peoples University and the University of Foreign Languages in Beijing, the Xi'an University of Foreign Languages, and the Shanghai University with which there is a student exchange program. In addition, a double degree agreement was signed with the Shanghai University, according to which students of the specialty "Foreign Philology: Chinese" have the opportunity to continue their studies at the Shanghai University for 3-4 years of undergraduate studies, thus, upon graduation, they receive diplomas of graduation from two universities. In 2017, on the basis of a double degree agreement, the second graduation of students from the Department of Chinese Philology in Shanghai took place. Also, the department closely cooperates with the Confucius Institute at ENU. The Chinese side periodically allocates grants and makes gifts: in 2010, the republic received a grant in the form of 160 Chinese buses, which were transferred to the municipalities of the cities of Bishkek and Osh; in the fall of 2015, the city of Urumqi donated 10 Chinese-made buses to the city of Bishkek; at present, a comprehensive school is being built in Bishkek at the expense of a grant from the Chinese company TBEA, which operates in the republic.
- https://www.bhu.kg/cooperation/student_mobility/fellowships/master-programme-silk-road-school-renmib-university-of-china
- https://ff.enu.kz/subpage/kafedra-kitajskoj-filologii
- https://regnum.ru/news/polit/2085096.html
Supplementary Notes
[Second respondent]: Academics in Kyrgyzstan are severely underpaid, $200-$300 USD a month officially and they rely on research income. These sinologists take a lot of money from the Embassy and cooperation with PRC think tanks and because of this dependency on resources they never go out of line from PRC narratives domestically even. This is significant.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Chapter 7. China’s BRI Investments, Risks, and Opportunities in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan: “Moreover, programs such as “1,000 Talents” encourage Chinese scientists and professionals living abroad to return to their homeland by providing competitive salaries and resources to incubate and accelerate their projects.”
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In February 2004, by Order No. 33 at the Bishkek Humanitarian University named after Karasaeva (BSU), the Kyrgyz-Chinese Faculty (KKF) was established. The faculty employs a teaching staff who have undergone advanced training and internships in China, Russia, Great Britain, Turkey, India and Kazakhstan. Through the efforts of this institute (based on the results for 2013), over 600 Kyrgyz citizens were sent to study in the PRC, and refresher courses were organized for 800 teachers of the Chinese language. Classes for the study of the Chinese language were opened in the cities of Jalal-Abad and Karakol. Beijing funds two travel programs – through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Kyrgyzstan’s president’s office – offering approximately 50 talented Mandarin-speaking Kyrgyz students a fully paid year abroad studying in China. For Mandarin speakers and Sinologists who do wish to return home, high-ranking government jobs await. Link
- https://www.bhu.kg/academics/kcf
- http://www.region.kg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1283:-l-r&catid=4:politika&Itemid=5
- https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-china-expanding-influence-one-student-at-a-time
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In February 2004, by Order No. 33 at the Bishkek Humanitarian University named after Karasaeva (BSU), the Kyrgyz-Chinese Faculty (KKF) was established. The faculty is rightfully one of the leading, elite structural divisions of the university. The main goal of the faculty is to train competitive highly qualified specialists in demand in the labor market.
Supplementary Notes
Our respondent answered No, but we have found information about the PRC-connected entities having been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2017, China was the largest trading partner of the Kyrgyz Republic, embodying 5.5% of its exports and 32.5% of its imports. Link However, the circumstances changed. In 2020, the turnover kept falling, and Kyrgyzstan’s exports to China amounted to $43 million, while its imports came to $736 million. As a result, Russia (with a share of 32%) surpassed China in importing goods from Kyrgyzstan, leaving PRC as the country’s second-largest trading partner. Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Exim bank creditor - Forty-five percent of Bishkek’s external borrowing (worth $1.7 billion) is from China Link Kyrgyzstan’s foreign debt is reportedly as much as $5 billion and more than 40 percent of that ($1.8 billion) is owed to the Export-Import Bank of China for a series of infrastructure projects over the last decade under the guise of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Chinese leader Xi Jinping's signature foreign-policy project. Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The government chose the Chinese TBEA company for the thermal powerplant project and did not consider other options which offered to do the same work more cheaply. Former Prime Minister Isakov argued that the choice of TBEA was the official position from Bejing and they could not change it.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan's capital contribution to Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to be determined once final list of founding members issued. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank approves $50 million loan to Kyrgyzstan to support private sector's pandemic response.
- https://akipress.com/news:557647:Kyrgyzstan_s_capital_contribution_to_Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank_to_be_determined_once_final_list_of_founding_members_issued/
- https://www.for.kg/news-662771-en.html
- https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/members-of-bank/index.html
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
With the support from Kyrgyzstan government for the promotion of the collaboration between the Silk Road Economic Belt and Eurasian Economic Union, the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce (SRCIC), the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) Business Council and the Kyrgyz Union of Manufacturers and Entrepreneurs (KSPP) will jointly hold the Cooperation and Development Forum of Silk Road Economic Belt in Bishkek Kyrgyzstan on 25 April 2017. The forum will be themed with the construction collaboration between the Silk Road Economic Belt and Eurasian Economic Union. The topics are the connectivity and interaction between Europe and Asia, the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on related countries in infrastructure, investment and exporting, and supporting mechanism for financing, logistics and business corridors.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
BRI is helping the CCP to increase its influence overseas, but the CCP’s heavy-handed practices are also beginning to provoke a backlash. Coercive foreign aid, debt traps, and a lack of transparency are feeding anti-Chinese sentiment abroad, including recently in places such as Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, where China has invested heavily in infrastructure projects. Many locals view China’s behavior as predatory and corrupt.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Kyrgyz Republic has bilateral agreements with the following countries: Kazakhstan (Entry into force: 11 November 1995) Moldova (Entry into force: 21 November 1996) Russian Federation (Entry into force: 24 April 1993) Ukraine (Entry into force: 19 January 1998) Uzbekistan (Entry into force: 20 March 1998) Link No bilateral FTA signed only in the frames of Shanghai Cooperation Organization Free Trade Agreement and Eurasian Economic Union Free Trade Agreement Link
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bilateral_free-trade_agreements#Kyrgyz_Republic
- https://aric.adb.org/fta-country
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China-led $280 million Kyrgyzstan project abandoned after protests Link [Second respondent]: There is at least one industrial park, the Asia Star Agricultural Economic Zone near Tokmok, that was initiated by a PRC firm and was granted operation by Kyrgyz government.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification, founded in 2003.
- http://www.jrjsst.com/
- http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/201909/t20190929_12206079.html
- http://www.taiwan.cn/fd/asia/fdct/201202/t20120214_2291717.htm
Answered by Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Independent Union of Journalists of Kyrgyzstan, All-China Journalists Association sign cooperation agreement
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Established in 2005, Spring Miao Charity (春苗慈善), a foundation that is involved with conducting charity work in Kyrgyzstan on behalf of the Chinese business community.
- http://www.siluxgc.com/jejsst/kgBusinessman/20200123/18243.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_676548/1206x2_676568/201912/t20191222_7981783.shtml
Answered by Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
20 Best Chinese Movies and TV Shows on Netflix Kyrgyzstan Link TV show draws China closer to Kyrgyzstan viewers Link
- https://www.flixwatch.co/lists/20-best-chinese-movies-and-tv-shows-on-netflix-kyrgyzstan/
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201906/14/WS5d02fbb8a3103dbf143282d7.html
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
1 million 250 thousand doses of Sinopharm vaccine against coronavirus infection from the People's Republic of China were delivered to the Kyrgyz Republic by a special plane. Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic Ulukbek Maripov expressed gratitude to the People's Republic of China for the support and assistance provided. Link President Sadyr Japarov congratulates Xi Jinping and the Chinese people on the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party. For the full letter please visit Link
- https://www.gov.kg/ru/post/s/20233-kyrgyz-respublikasyna-koronavirus-infektsiyasyna-karshy-125-mln-doza-vaktsina-zhetkirildi
- http://www.president.kg/ru/sobytiya/19800_prezident_sadir_ghaparov_pozdravil_siczinpina_ikitayskiy_narod_so100_letiem_kommunisticheskoy_partii_kitaya
Supplementary Notes
Coronavirus physically separates people, but our hearts become closer. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese and Kyrgyz people stand together, always provide each other with help and support, in fact they prove the saying "Friends are known in trouble." This is stated in the description of the video provided by the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Kyrgyz Republic. Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although anti-China protests periodically flare up in various cities in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, it’s too soon to speak of universal Sinophobia. In Kyrgyzstan, the protests were led by nationalist groups whose demands included the expulsion of all Chinese migrants from the country. Link In Kyrgyzstan, an ultranationalist group thrives on rising anti-Chinese sentiment Link
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://globalvoices.org/2021/06/16/in-kyrgyzstan-an-ultranationalist-group-thrives-on-rising-anti-chinese-sentiment/
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China also provides the countries of Central Asia with assistance in military technology. There are no official or transparent statistics on the volume of this assistance, so the scale can only be gauged by media reports on the subject. Kyrgyzstan received $16 million in 2014 to upgrade its weapons and build accommodation for its military personnel, and a further $14.5 million in 2017. Link Link
- https://eurasianet.org/china-boosts-military-aid-to-kyrgyzstan-tajikistan
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
Supplementary Notes
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China is seriously concerned about opening a military base to defend its borders. Perhaps the gaze of the Celestial Empire will turn to other territories. Will the Kyrgyz Republic not become such? Moreover, we have to China, to put it mildly, "small" obligations. The domestic political scientist was skeptical about such a possibility According to Mars Sariev, the public will react very sharply even to rumors about its construction on the territory of the republic. Link It seems that China has shown its strong intention to build military base in Kyrgyzstan. Link
- https://www.vb.kg/doc/370899_est_li_mesto_v_kyrgyzstane_dlia_kitayskoy_voennoy_bazy.html
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili, Tinatin Khidasheli and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The armies of China and Central Asian countries also cooperate by sharing experience, and through the training offered by the PLA to the region’s militaries: from 2003 to 2009, sixty-five Kazakh officers, and thirty Tajik and thirty Kyrgyz military specialists underwent training at Chinese academies. Beijing has also moved to train Central Asian military personnel on a bilateral basis. While its numbers still trail those of Russia, both China’s People’s Armed Police (PAP) paramilitary unit and People’s Liberation Army (PLA) academies are training officers from the region, although exact figures are not made public.
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://www.rferl.org/a/china-seen-as-rising-military-power-in-central-asia-foreshadowing-future-friction-with-russia/30639964.html
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A Chinese private security company in Kyrgyzstan has hired a retired former police chief of the region as lead commander of operation. This company itself is owned by a former PLA top personnel. I wrote about this topic in link, but this specific piece of information is off the record.
Answered by Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) held its first joint exercises with Kyrgyzstan in October 2002. From 2003 to 2016, the Chinese army carried out a total of thirty-nine drills together with the countries of Central Asia. Of those, the most joint exercises were held with neighboring Kazakhstan (sixteen), Tajikistan (eleven), and Kyrgyzstan (ten). In 2002, the first joint exercises between China and Kyrgyzstan were held—China’s first-ever bilateral exercise. All member states, except Uzbekistan, participated. In 2007, two joint military exercises were organized. The first, called “2007 Anti-Terror Issyk-Kul,” took place in late May on the shores of Lake Issyk-Kul and brought together SCO soldiers as well as officials from the CSTO and representatives of the security agencies and special services of each member state. The PRC continues to expand the PLA’s participation in bilateral and multilateral military exercises, normalizing the PLA’s presence overseas and establishing ties to foreign militaries. For example, in 2019 the PLA participated in Russia's national-level exercise TSENTR-19 along with forces from India, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Similarly, the PAP has conducted drills and enhanced cooperation with Central Asian national guard units, with Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan taking part in an exercise in 2019.
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
- https://media.defense.gov/2020/Sep/01/2002488689/-1/-1/1/2020-DOD-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT-FINAL.PDF
- https://www.rferl.org/a/china-seen-as-rising-military-power-in-central-asia-foreshadowing-future-friction-with-russia/30639964.html
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Agreement between the Kyrgyz Republic and the People's Republic of China on legal assistance in civil and criminal cases. Link AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION RIGHTS Link
- https://mfa.gov.kg/ru/dm/Embassy-of-the-Kyrgyz-Republic-in-the-Peoples-Republic-of-China/Menu---Foreign-/--uslugi/Legal-base/RC
- http://patent.kg/ru/sample-page-5-4/sample-page/sample-page-2-3-2/
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kyrgyzstan does not grant asylum to Uyghurs, because of a number of bilateral agreements with China - the most important was signed in 2001 - the Agreement on Fighting Terrorism, Extremism and Separatism under the auspices of the Shanghai Organization of Cooperation (SCO). AGREEMENT between the Kyrgyz Republic and the People's Republic of China on cooperation in the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
October 2020. U.S. government officials revealed that suspected Chinese hackers were behind a series of attacks on entities in Russia, India, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Malaysia.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Members of Kyrk Choro (a local anti-China activist group) have been violently threatened multiple times such as breaking of car windows, following etc. Significance is very high. This group has been so actively dealing with every aspect of factors that drive anti China sentiment. The leaders have all been threatened
Answered by Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Kyrgyzstan, advanced facial recognition technology is being deployed by one of the military equipment suppliers in Beijing, whose technology was used to establish control over Xinjiang, a region of China historically populated by Muslims. China National Electronics Import and Export Corporation (CEIEC) reportedly delivers its products to Kyrgyzstan free of charge.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Regular joint patrols are done since 1999 in implementing the 1996 and 1997 agreements on reducing military forces in border areas and strengthening military trust in border areas. Border guards of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan conduct several rounds of joint border inspection annually, about 4 times a year, each time inspecting two areas of border.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The government may not have officially detained them, but have in ways such as not granting permanent residency, not granting citizenship to ethnic Kyrgyz who were born in China but live in Kyrgyzstan so they had to go back to China. There is also at least one public case where a Uyghur Chinese citizen was kidnapped from his neighborhood in Osh, south of Kyrgyzstan and was later found in China with no immigration record from the Kyrgyz side: Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Kyrgyzstan deported 2 Taiwanese citizens Link However, according to this link, it is unclear where exactly they were deported and we could not find any additional source about this news.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The GKNB in Kyrgyzstan they bypass immigration law to give asylum testimony to individuals who illegal cross borders to seek asylum. There is at least one public case where the GKNB at the border just hand these individuals, once they are caught, back to China.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Asia-Unicom LLC was established in 2014 and today has its own backbone fiber-optic line based on DWDM technology in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic Link 2the partners of asia-unicom are China Mobile and China Unicom Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Likewise, at 90 percent and 70 percent, Huawei is the main tech supplier for Kyrgyzstan’s top telecommunication providers Sky Mobile and Alfa Telecom. Link Chinese investors have been engaged in the Kyrgyz ICT sector. The Kyrgyz Republic and China signed a Memorandum of Understanding in 2018 to build a national fiber ring under a public-private partnership (PPP) arrangement, but the proposed project has not moved forward as yet. In addition, Huawei and ZTE are the main vendors of telecommunication equipment for mobile operators and ISP/broadband internet providers. Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/smart-cities-or-surveillance-huawei-in-central-asia/
- https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34118/South-Caucasus-and-Central-Asia-The-Belt-and-Road-Initiative-Kyrgyz-Republic-Country-Case-Study.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Asia-Unicom LLC was founded in 2014 and today has its own backbone fiber-optic line based on DWDM technology in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. Our network is organized on the basis of the most modern and advanced equipment to provide quality service. Our company will provide an alternative, fast and stable access to the global network through China, has a direct connection to popular traffic exchange points TIER1 HK IX (Hong Kong), M9 (Moscow) The presence of several backup channels allows you to organize a connection to the network at the highest level. A team of professionals guarantees timely, reliable and most advanced telecommunication solutions.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
RTC in the Kyrgyz Republic is equipped with a passenger plane, a railway wagon, vehicles and a canine training complex. To carry out practical exercises on the implementation of customs control at the border, a mock-up of the checkpoint was built, which is equipped with a NUCTECH CX100100TI X-ray inspection system for inspecting luggage and carry-on baggage, a red and green corridor for passenger traffic. In addition, equipment was installed to carry out weight and dimensional control at the checkpoint and inspection sites for customs clearance of cargo trucks. Link Nuctech X-rays are produced by Nuctech Company Ltd. which is the Chinese company. Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
the Kyrgyz government agreed with China National Electronics Import & Export Corporation (CEIEC) to install a program for identifying individuals or groups of people. Another Chinese company, Shenzhen Sunwin Intelligent, is working on the second stage of Kyrgyzstan’s Safe City project, which entails the installation of new cameras both in the capital Bishkek and across the entire country.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the Program of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic "Zhagy Doorgo Kyrk Kadam", the implementation of the "Smart City" project is envisaged for 2-3 years in the cities of Bishkek and Osh. Considering that the implementation of the Smart City project is planned according to the BOT (Build - Operate - Transfer) model, the concessionaire carries out construction and operation (mainly on the basis of ownership) for a specified period, after which the object transferred to the state, work is underway to study the proposals of interested companies and investors.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In March 2019, Altyn Bank joined the Chinese Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS). The system is designed to carry out international settlements in yuan, which allows foreign market participants to make settlements in this currency directly with Chinese partners. The bank joined CIPS as an indirect participant. The direct participant providing connection to CIPS Altyn Bank is the majority shareholder of the bank - China CITIC Bank Corporation Ltd.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Skip
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Tech entrepreneurs in Kyrgyzstan say China’s Belt and Road scheme can help their country’s start-up culture. Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Bishkek Humanities University (BSU) named after Karasayev and the Central Asia International (Blockhain Institute) Blockchain Research Institute signed a cooperation agreement.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by Ani Kintsurashvili, and has been reviewed by Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
[Second respondent]: Kyrgyzstan has existing cooperation agreements to use the Russian satellite, and the Russian system has agreement on joint use with Beidou. It is unclear to what extent China has access to data in the former Soviet space under agreements between Russia and China.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sister city of Foshan (China) sent medicines to Osh
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In a forthcoming research paper I have identified at least 22 groups of Kyrgyz government employees who took paid trips in the context of a training program to PRC funded by MOC or MPS. In 2013 to 2018 alone, over 750 Kyrgyz government officials have been trained in China.
Answered by Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kyrgyzstan Ruslan Kazakbaev met with Chinese Ambassador to the Kyrgyz Republic Du Dewen on the eve of his official visit to the People's Republic of China as part of his participation in the second meeting of foreign ministers in the Central Asia-China format on May 10-12, 2021 in Xi'an Link Kyrgyz President to pay official visit to China and Iran - Link
- http://en.kabar.kg/news/kyrgyz-fm-to-visit-china/
- https://24.kg/archive/en/politic/176854-news24.html/
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In my forthcoming research paper at least 3 out of 22 of my documented Kyrgyz government employees were from Kyrgyz security agencies who underwent training by PRC MPS. My interview with former police also revealed that the training is much more than what is reported by local news, this is beyond the Kyrgyz capital but across different sub-national governments.
Answered by Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In October 2020, a coup d'etat took place in Kyrgyzstan, where many businessmen associated with China took the side of the victorious Sadyr Japarov.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Cooperation with China is one of the main priorities in the foreign policy of Kyrgyzstan. "The Kyrgyz Republic remains fully committed to all its international obligations and strict implementation of all previously signed bilateral and multilateral treaties and agreements," Sadyr Zhaparov emphasized.
- http://www.president.kg/ru/sobytiya/18117_i_o__prezidenta_sadir_ghaparov_prinyal_posla_knr_dudeven
- https://slovo.kg/?p=37627
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The defendants were accused of allegedly using their positions to lobby for the interests of a Chinese company in the selection process of a contractor for the modernization of the power plant, inflicting damage on the Kyrgyz state and society. [Second respondent]: There are so many cases of politicians involved in corruption with a Chinese company. Taking some snippets from my IRI report: Melis Myrzakmatov, former mayor of Osh (2009 – 2013), was sentenced 7 years in 2015 for abuse of power over awarding a bridge construction contract to a Chinese company Gay Sue using state budget. Nariman Tyuleev, former mayor of Bishkek (2008 – 2010), was sentenced 11 years in 2013 for embezzlement when purchasing public buses and snowplough equipment from China using state budget. Sapar Isakov, former Prime Minister (2017 – 2018), was sentenced 15 years in 2019 on corruption charges for granting Bishkek power plant modernization and repair contract to a Chinese company TBEA at an inflated $386 million supported fully by a loan from the Chinese Exim Bank. Duishenbek Zilaliev, former Director of State Agency for Geology (2013 – 2018), was sentenced 9 years in 2020 on corruption charges for granting antimony development license to a Chinese company Huaxin at an underestimated $130,000 USD. Dozens of accusation cases which never went to court, such as: Marat Mambetaliev, former director of state-owned Kyrgyztelecom (1999 – 2011), was accused to abuse of power in granting Huawei the contract to build a $1.4 million USD fiber-optic communication cable from Osh to Irkeshtam, on the Chinese border. Huawei did not have a local license as a builder of communication lines and facilities. Temir Sariev, former Prime Minister (2015 – 2016) and Argynbek Malabaev, former Minister of Transport (2015 – 2016) were forced to resign over accusation of abuse of power in granting a Chinese company Long Hai a $21 million contract to repair a highway. Petty corruption also include Kyrgyz diplomats in China receiving bribes to speed up visa issues for Chinese businessmen.
Answered by Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2018, the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Mr. Jeenbekov, paid a state visit to China, during which the leaders of both countries decided to raise the Chinese-Kyrgyz relations to the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership. In June this year, the President of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Xi Jinping, paid a successful state visit to Kyrgyzstan. The leaders of both countries signed a Joint Declaration on deepening the Chinese-Kyrgyz relations of comprehensive strategic partnership and brought bilateral relations between our countries into a new historical era with new chances for further development. Also add evidence on Kyrgyzstan-China parliamentary friendship group members meet Chinese Ambassador.
- http://kg.china-embassy.org/rus/ggwj/t1790710.htm
- https://mfa.gov.kg/ru/dm/posolstvo-kyrgyzskoy-respubliki-v-kitayskoy-narodnoy-respublike/menyu---inostrannoe/--uslugi/politicheskoe-sotrudnichestvo/er
- https://akipress.com/news:672803:Kyrgyzstan-China_parliamentary_friendship_group_members_meet_Chinese_Ambassador/
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
On May 12, 2021, in Xi'an, People's Republic of China, with the participation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic Ruslan Kazakbayev, the Second Meeting of Foreign Ministers in the "Central Asia-China" format was held.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tianshan.com (reported by full-media reporter Yuan Lei) A group of 10 people from China's joint working group to Kyrgyzstan successfully completed its work and arrived at Urumqi Diwopu International Airport on April 27. Tian Wen, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region and Minister of the Propaganda Department, greeted him at the airport. From April 20th to 27th, the joint working group carried out work in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, went to the Chinese Embassy in Kyrgyzstan to hold a lecture on epidemic prevention and control, held discussions with Chinese students in Kyrgyzstan and representatives of teachers from Confucius Institutes, and provided “health packages”. "
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
About 300 Kyrgyz people have been detained in China in the village of Kaiyz, where about 1500 Kyrgyz live currently, reports radio "Free Asia”.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Text of the Joint Declaration of the Kyrgyz Republic and the People's Republic of China At the invitation of the President of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao, the President of the Kyrgyz Republic Almazbek Atambayev from 4 to 7 June 2012 made an official visit to the People's Republic of China and took part in the 12th meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Beijing. “The Kyrgyz side firmly supports the“ one China ”policy, confirms that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the only government representing the whole of China, Taiwan is an integral part of the territory of China. The Kyrgyz side is against any form of "independent Taiwan" and supports the peaceful development and relationship of the two banks and the peaceful reunification of China. The Chinese side confirms that it respects the development path chosen by the people of the Kyrgyz Republic, based on the realities of their country, supports their efforts aimed at ensuring independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security, and is also ready to provide the necessary assistance to the socio-economic development of the country.
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2019, "at the UN meeting, the Kyrgyz side openly supported the Chinese side, highly appreciating the effective measures taken by the Chinese side to protect the tradition and religion of the Xinjiang national minorities and ensure security and stability in Xinjiang." Source: Link
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not found any information
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not found any information
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili