Peru
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Peru had a GDP per capita of US $6,692 and a total population of 33.4 million people.
Peru established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1971. Peru was ranked 77st in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Free in Freedom House's 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 72/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media68.2% / 30.1%
- Academia52.3% / 34%
- Economy54.5% / 33.6%
- Society72.7% / 23.6%
- Military63.6% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement45.5% / 30.2%
- Technology29.5% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics56.8% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy54.5% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are two main outlets that utilize the network's products, but they don't have a local correspondent or an office.
- https://www.observatorioasiapacifico.org/es/noticias/item/inauguran-centro-de-prensa-china-america-latina-y-el-caribe.html
- https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-peru-participa-programa-inmersion-para-periodistas-china-710088.aspx
- https://www.datosperu.org/empresa-la-prensa-peruano-chino-sociedad-anonima-cerrada-la-prensa-peruano-chino-sac-20601118697.php
- https://www.wearebn.com/zh/archives/2550
Supplementary Notes
Through Centro de Prensa China-Latinoamerica y el Caribe (CLACPC) inaugurated in 2018, latinamerican governmental media joined the World Chinese Media. Since then, in the case of Peru, the news related to China and published by Agencia Peruana de Noticias ANDINA, who belongs to the Peruvian government, usually use as source, XINHUA news, which is the official media of the PRC.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/chinas-state-media-in-latin-america-profile-and-prospects/
- https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-cooperacion-entre-china-y-america-latina-avanza-a-un-ritmo-vertiginoso-710820.aspx
Supplementary Notes
Many Peruvian journalists have been visited Beijing invited by the PRC in order to attend short seminars about China and also for sightseeing. For many of them, this trip was the best trip of their whole life due to the luxury facilities and special attention that they received during the trip.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-peru-participa-programa-inmersion-para-periodistas-china-710088.aspx
- https://facultad.pucp.edu.pe/comunicaciones/noticias/haciendo-periodismo-en-china-experiencias-peruanas/
- http://www.socgeolima.org.pe/images/2016/03-06-2016/Nota-de-Opinion-y-Ciencia-No.-004-2016-SGL.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/
- https://zaichina.net/2019/09/los-antiguos-inmigrantes-chinos-al-peru-la-beneficencia-y-el-barrio-chino/
- http://www.findglocal.com/PE/Lima/541727219183506/Revista-China-Hoy-Peru
Supplementary Notes
In Chinatown – Lima, everybody can find Chinese newspaper in local language. This newspaper is usually distributed to Peruvian businesses located nearby.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-lanzan-edicion-peruana-revista-china-hoy-se-edita-150-paises-255154.aspx
- https://plataformaenergetica.org/china/china-en-bolivia/zaichina-el-gobierno-chino-y-la-reconquista-de-los-chinos-en-el-peru-y-america-latina/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://canaln.pe/actualidad/embajada-china-vacunacion-funcionarios-rechazamos-terminos-como-vacunas-cortesia-n431377
- https://gestion.pe/noticias/empresas-chinas-en-peru/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chancellor of Peru said that Peru needs the Chinese vaccine and Peruvian media needs to be very careful in order to deliver opinion about China.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://gestion.pe/economia/peru-defiende-china-criticas-ee-uu-influencia-region-226664-noticia/
- https://elcomercio.pe/luces/libros/mario-vargas-llosa-y-su-bitacora-de-batallas-china-es-la-ultima-noticia/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
Environmental local NGO, Dar Peru, protests against China´s human rights abuses practices with emphasis in Peru.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.publimetro.pe/actualidad/2020/03/04/huawei-reconoce-a-san-marcos-como-la-primera-academia-de-informacion-en-peru-noticia
- https://www.utp.edu.pe/2020/noticias/utp-nombrada-miembro-huawei-ict-academy
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.gob.pe/institucion/ceplan/noticias/217382-ceplan-se-integra-a-red-de-think-tank-de-la-ruta-de-la-seda
- http://www.fc-ssc.org/en/media_center/press_releases_detail/139
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The link 1. (page 14/28) indicates that the Center for Peru-China studies at Del Pacifico University has been relatively successful despite financial resource constraint. There is no evidence that academic research centers received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities, therefore we confirm our answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
We found a link of recruitment for the 1000 Talents in Peru but it is from 2022, will update when the Index renew.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The event mentioned was sponsored by two PRC universities and the Peruvian academic invited, Carlos Aquino, is one of the most renowned academics in the country who studies China Peru relations.
- https://issuu.com/carmenpazoszavala/docs/centro_de_estudios_peru-china
- https://vrip.unmsm.edu.pe/simposio-internacional-sobre-cooperacion-entre-china-y-america-latina-en-la-gobernanza-global/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
Based on experience, there is no evidence that this has happened.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
Based on experience, there is no evidence that this has happened. In the supposed case, this would have been made public or had claimed, however we didn’t find this situation. By this reason, we validate the answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.usil.edu.pe/noticias/usil-realizo-exito-el-ii-seminario-tusan-business
- http://portal.apci.gob.pe/index.php/noticia/item/2713-mision-de-agencia-de-cooperacion-de-desarrollo-internacional-de-china-visita-apci
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that this has happened, therefore we confirm our answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.cien.adexperu.org.pe/exportaciones-peruanas-beneficios-del-tlc-peru-china/
- https://www.gob.pe/qu/institucion/mincetur/noticias/320839-en-ultimos-diez-anos-exportaciones-peruanas-a-china-acumularon-unos-us-89-958-millones
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- http://www.lasbambas.com/notas-de-prensa/resultados-de-produccion-del-cuarto-trimestre-de-2020
- https://somosperiodismo.com/shougang-hierro-peru-mineros-fallecieron-de-covid-19-por-incumplimiento-de-protocolos-de-bioseguridad-y-explotacion-laboral/
Supplementary Notes
1. In 2021 the copper price is very high, but the Chinese industry needs this raw material to build electric vehicles, according to its 2030 Plan. 2. Bambas, the most important copper mine in Peru, has as principal partner is China Minmetals Corporation (CMC). Shougang is the principal iron mine in Peru. Both Chinese companies have labor conflicts and contamination problems
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
1.The PRC is building the first port in Latinamerica in Chancay with a budget of 3,000 millions USD. 2.Yangtze Power bought LUZ DEL SUR energy company for US$ 3,590 millions
- https://www.unav.edu/web/global-affairs/detalle/-/blogs/el-primer-puerto-de-china-en-latinoamerica-se-construye-en-peru
- https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-empresa-china-adquiere-luz-del-sur-pagando-3590-millones-794441.aspx#:~:text=Cabe%20destacar%20que%20a%20fines,.%2C%20Limited%20(CYP)
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Peru becomes China-led AIIB prospective member (23/3/2017) Link.
- https://andina.pe/Ingles/noticia-peru-becomes-chinaled-aiib-prospective-member-659554.aspx
- https://dialogochino.net/en/trade-investment/39049-explainer-latin-america-aiib-the-asian-infrastructure-investment-bank/
Supplementary Notes
In 2017 Peru applied to join the Bank, but was not accepted because of its lack of money to pay the initial quote of 5 USD Millions.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Peru or a peruvian companies do not appear on the websites: Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce Link Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce Link
Supplementary Notes
In the academic field, BRI is an expression of opportunities. However, in the practice, China´s founding interest are not in line with Peruvian interest. The train road project proposed by China is related to a road that connect Peru and Brazil and passes through Bolivia. The project is stopped because this doesn’t provide guarantee to Peru. In this sense, China needs left-wing government leadership in Brazil and Peru to close the deal.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1870-46542014000100007
- https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-que-impacto-tendria-el-peru-mayor-escalada-guerra-comercial-751427.aspx
Supplementary Notes
During the commercial war between PRC and USA, Peruvian export declines because PRC didn’t buy minerals to Peru
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PRC embassy in Peru delivered a press note about COVID 19.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Peru is the second economic partner of PRC in Latin America.
- http://www.sice.oas.org/Trade/PER_CHN/PER_CHN_s/PER_CHN_text_s.asp
- http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/PER_CHN/PER_CHN_s.ASP#:~:text=El%204%20de%20abril%20de,el%20acuerdo%20en%20Beijing%2C%20China
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://masfinanzas.com.pe/banca/bank-of-china-peru-empezara-a-operar-este-22-de-julio/#:~:text=El%20Bank%20of%20China%20(Per%C3%BA,sus%20operaciones%20en%20nuestro%20pa%C3%ADs.
- https://www.icbc.com.pe/ICBC/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E5%88%86%E8%A1%8C/%E5%B7%A5%E9%93%B6%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99/es/NuestroBanco/Introduccion/
Supplementary Notes
Since 2013, Chinese banks have been established in Peru.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence, for this reason we support the answer. However due to Brazil infrastructure companies’ impediments and the region sanitary and economic crisis, local and regional governments in Peru will require to satisfy infrastructure needs (roads and hospital constructions) needs. Surely they will try to negotiate infrastructure projects with PRC entities.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence, therefore we support our answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
…..
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
A Peruvian accountant who deals with Chinese community in Peru said that in Peru, Chinese workers federation is not allowed because of the Chinese Embassy influence and that most of these workers, are illegally working in Peru. By this reason, labor unions in Peru have no relation with Chinese association.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
At least two Peru-China friendship groups, two organizations for Peruvians of Chinese descent, and one youth federation are active in Chinese diaspora community events and activities. Peru is by far the country with the largest UF activities we've encountered in the region. Including: Centro de la Amistad Peruano Chino, Fundación Amistad Peruano China, Asociación Peruano China - APCH, Sociedad Central de Beneficencia China Ton Huy Chong Koc, and Asociación Juvenil Jiangmen Wuyi en el Perú. (The last one still active but no public website)
- https://patronato.pe/
- https://panamericana.pe/24horas/locales/245032-san-isidro-realizo-presentacion-instituto-estudios-asia-pacifico
- https://www.universidadperu.com/empresas/amistad-peruano-china.php
- https://www.apch.com.pe/
- http://www.scbcperu.com/es/
- https://www.sohu.com/a/273446527_99952528
- http://gd.ifeng.com/a/20200214/8368225_0.shtml
Supplementary Notes
We didn’t find any evidence related to UFWD, therefore we support our answer. However, the Asociación de Beneficia China received funding from different sources, and UFWD could be one of this, but there is no evidence.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://asociacionchina.net/zh/secciones/caligrafia-pintura/
- https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/culture/ppl8p32.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
A source provider of services to Chinese community told us, that some entertainment products are distributed among the Chinese community and also inside the left-side political parties.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.americatv.com.pe/cinescape/proximos_estrenos/mulan-1003/
- https://www.cinencuentro.com/2016/10/26/el-director-xie-fei-visita-lima-para-participar-en-un-conversatorio-sobre-cine-chino/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://cosas.pe/tag/erasmo-wong/
- https://rpp.pe/famosos/celebridades/javier-wong-el-tusan-que-no-celebra-el-ano-nuevo-chino-noticia-1105546
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.facebook.com/MuniArequipa/posts/2718879488142465
- https://www.ucsm.edu.pe/republica-popular-china-y-ucsm-aperturaran-primer-colegio-peruano-chino-en-el-sur-del-peru/
Supplementary Notes
- http://repositorio.adp.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/ADP/47/T812_70080655_M.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- http://www.embajadachina.org.pe/esp/sghd/t1810254.htm
- https://www.cadal.org/informes/pdf/El-poder-blando-de-China-en-Peru.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.lampadia.com/analisis/comercio-internacional-y-desarrollo/las-inspiradoras-enseanzas-de-jack-ma/
- https://home.kpmg/pe/es/home/insights/2020/04/covid-19-la-respuesta-china-y-las-lecciones-sobre-como-responder-a-una-pandemia.html
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33758434/
Supplementary Notes
Peruvian citizens don’t know about PRC, but about Chinese product and its powerful economy.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://elpais.com/economia/2018/05/31/actualidad/1527759344_963392.html
- https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2017/01/05/noticia-nuevamente-sistemas-armas-chinos-juicio.html
Supplementary Notes
NORINCO is the main armament supplier for Peru military. Ammunitions for rifles and mortars, terrain artillery systems and military bei ben trucks are key demanded armament for Peru. In 2016, Peru bought German trucks to replace the defective Chinese trucks due to poor quality.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
Peru doesn’t have military industry. All the weapons and military materials are brought from international markets.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
Peru doesn’t have coo-participation with Chinese military industry.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The Chinese investment in the Port of Chancay (small city located 78 km north of Lima) and the continuously Chinese delegation visits to the Chinese naval hospital ship located in Callao Port, could show true intention to build a navy base in Chancay. They have signed contract with high rank navy officers in retirement. This statement is just an unconfirmed personal supposition.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-buque-hospital-chino-atendio-a-2000-pacientes-peruanos-seis-dias-591327.aspx
- https://www.gob.pe/institucion/mininter/noticias/307651-ministerio-del-interior-recibio-de-china-650-mil-mascarillas-para-la-policia
Supplementary Notes
In 2015, Chinese navy and Hospital Ship “ Peace Ark” helped Peru through humanitarian relief. In 2020, PRC donated masks.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
Peruvian navy Commander Victor Ibañez Valencia speaks Chinese and is married with Chinese citizen.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
[Doublethink Lab]: Also see Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.colliers.com/es-pe/articulos/puertochancay
- https://www.gob.pe/institucion/rree/noticias/68619-cancilleria-realiza-la-reunion-informativa-establecimiento-de-un-hub-portuario-tecnologico-e-industrial-en-chancay
Supplementary Notes
Admiral Carlos Tejada Mera was the commander in chief of Peruvian Navy in 2014 to 2017. Also, Admiral Gonzalo Rios Polastri was the commander in chief of Peruvian Navy in 2017 to 2018. Now, both officers are employees of high rank in COSCO Chinese company, they are building the port of Chancay, in the north part of Lima.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to a service provider source, Colonels from the Chinese armed force have visited Peru to support the Peruvian armed forces and police.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
In the last 10 years, PLA has cooperated with the Peruvian Armed Forces. Usually, through military assimilated to medical units.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.pj.gob.pe/wps/wcm/connect/aae76c80495455b989a7f9cc4f0b1cf5/Tratado+de+Extradici%C3%B3n+Per%C3%BA-China.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
- https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-peru-extradita-a-china-banquero-requerido-robo-500-millones-dolares-718928.aspx
Supplementary Notes
The case of Chinese citizen Won Ho Wing was the first extradition case to PRC.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://larepublica.pe/politica/2019/10/26/consul-de-peru-en-china-dio-visas-a-la-mafia-china-para-el-trafico-de-personas-fiscalia/
- https://zaichina.net/2019/09/la-ilegal-inmigracion-de-chinos-en-el-peru/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
From LABORATORY SINO PHARM, China sent to Peruvian government vaccines of low quality, however the contract considers high prices each vaccine. Peru bought a package of one million vaccines at 30 dollars each vaccine.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://portal.andina.pe/edpespeciales/2018/ciberataques-peru/index.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20220322080408/https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/911157/Alerta_integrada_de_seguridad_digital_N__086-2020-PECERT.pdf
Supplementary Notes
According to Peruvian government press sources, in 2017 Peru ranked number 1 in Latin America for being a victim of the cybercrime called "ransomware" (data hijacking). In addition, on the report named "Integrated Digital Security Alert" issued by the Peruvian government (LINK 2 page 5 of 14), it was identified that there are at least 10 threat actors (such as "malware") all connected to China, dedicated to espionage activities that use Plug X, as a toll to cause destruction and damage to the business sector and the community.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
In 2017, the Chinese government donated 4,000 computers to the Ministry of Justice in Peru.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
In Peru, Chinese mineral companies signed up Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with local police in order to support the Chinese companies to solve social conflicts.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Because of the lack of evidence, we support our answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
There is no reported evidence, so we support our answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.corteidh.or.cr/corteidh/docs/casos/articulos/resumen_297_esp.pdf
- https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/wong/contest.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Peru has four (04) companies that provide telecom services: Telefonica (Spain), Claro (Mexico), Entel (Chile) and Bitel (Vietnam). In 2015, Telefonica and China Unicom agreed to share their international data center capabilities as a first step towards broader and larger scale cloud cooperation
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://elcomercio.pe/tecnologia/tecnologia/5g-en-peru-que-permitira-hacer-la-tecnologia-que-acaba-de-ser-autorizada-en-el-pais-mtc-noticia/
- https://www.entel.pe/postpago-5G/
Supplementary Notes
Peru has four (04) companies that provide telecom services: Telefonica (Spain), Claro (Mexico), Entel (Chile) and Bitel (Vietnam). All these companies sell mobile phones of HUAWEI. The promotion of 5G technology has been observed since 2021. [Doublethink Lab]: Also see Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence, therefore we confirm our answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence, therefore we support our answer. It should be mention that Peru was negotiating to install Smart Cities with South Korea government, however due to the pandemic, this project was stopped.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://gestion.pe/gestion-tv/codigo-swift-relacion-transferencias-bancarias-internacionales-258107-noticia/
- https://www.celag.org/evaluacion-las-alternativas-al-swift/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
All are global application and not any just coming from China. Because there is lack of evidence, we support our answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
Because there is lack of evidence, we support our answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://ciarglobal.com/tras-incumplimiento-de-laudo-de-empresa-china-se-cobrara-la-fianza-en-beneficio-de-iquitos/
- https://comprasestatales.org/loreto-gobierno-regional-logra-nuevo-triunfo-legal-ante-empresa-china-por-la-ptar-alcantarillado/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/2018-07/21/c_137339026.htm
- https://www.ucsm.edu.pe/ciudad-hermana-de-chengdu-rindio-homenaje-arequipa-por-su-479-aniversario
Supplementary Notes
1.Shangai city is the sister city of Lima, the capital of Peru. Because of the importance of Shanghai, the second most important bank of Peru has an office in this place Link, or Link. 2. Chengdu city is the sister city of Arequipa, the second most important city of Peru. 3. Official document issued by the Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs listing the sister cities of Peru Link. 4. Link Report includes geopolitical actions of sisters’ cities between PRC and Latin America.
- https://interbank.pe/oficina-en-china
- https://elmirador.pe/economia-y-empresas/pymes-y-mypes/586-interbank-y-bank-of-china-crean-un-china-desk-en-peru.html
- http://www.rree.gob.pe/politicaexterior/Documents/Acuerdos%20de%20hermanamiento.pdf
- https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/777/77751033009.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-cooperacion-entre-china-y-america-latina-avanza-a-un-ritmo-vertiginoso-710820.aspx
- http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/101565/1/Mendez_la_conexi_n_china_en_la_Pol_tica_Exterior_del_Per_en_el_Siglo_XXI_published.pdf
Supplementary Notes
Politicians related to different parties in Peru have been invited by PRC to China in order to see economic advancements.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/wjb/zzjg/ldmzs/xwlb/t1775706.shtml
- https://elcomercio.pe/politica/gobierno/ppk-califico-viaje-china-mision-exitosa-259952-noticia/
Supplementary Notes
1. Ex Peruvian President Martin Vizcarra contacted President Xi Jiping by phone requesting support for obtaining COVID 19 vaccines (2020/04/30) 2. Ex Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuckzynski visited PRC, as his first official trip 3. Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
1. Ex Peruvian president Martin Vizcarra received secret COVID vaccination from Chinese laboratory 2. PRC Embassy in Peru didn’t know about these vaccines
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.sohu.com/a/245298061_796605
- https://www.cadal.org/informes/pdf/El-arte-de-hacer-amigos.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
We didn’t find evidence that this has happened. For this reason, we validate the answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
However just a few left-sides parties have expressed positive views of PRC government. In addition, outside the period of analysis, there have been pro-China governments, governments during which the FTA with China was signed.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.dw.com/es/vacunagate-en-per%C3%BA-m%C3%A1s-de-cien-personas-recibieron-vacunas-en-secreto/a-56709060
- https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-56101527
- https://elcomercio.pe/lima/sucesos/vacunas-contra-el-covid-19-cuanto-cuesta-la-dosis-de-sinopharm-y-por-que-es-importante-conocer-su-precio-noticia/
Supplementary Notes
High governmental authorities received free Chinese vaccines under the condition of buying expensive and low efficient vaccines for the Peruvian society.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that security services offered by private PRC companies contracted by Peru national or subnational governments.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The most influence congressman in Peru belonged to this group. The congressmen involved are Carlos Fernando Mesias Ramirez and Mariano Andres Yupanqui Miñano.
- https://www.congreso.gob.pe/ligasparlamentarias/2016-2021/ligaparlamentaria-peru-china
- https://twitter.com/ilanegra/status/1362068731287986177
- https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-integrantes-liga-parlamentaria-peruchina-declaran-no-haber-sido-vacunados-834334.aspx
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is the Peruvian-Chinese Parliamentary Friendship League that continuously meets with the Chinese embassy and seeks to bring closer relations between the Congress of Peru and the National People's Congress of China, to dialogue on issues of common interest, seeking the permanent exchange of information. and experiences of a parliamentary nature.
- https://www.congreso.gob.pe/ligasparlamentarias/2016-2021/ligaparlamentaria-peru-china
- http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/101565/1/Mendez_la_conexi_n_china_en_la_Pol_tica_Exterior_del_Per_en_el_Siglo_XXI_published.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.gob.pe/institucion/apci/noticias/110927-profesionales-de-la-apci-se-capacitan-en-la-republica-popular-china
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210413010244/https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?p=prensa&n=533
- http://portal.apci.gob.pe/index.php/es/noticia/item/2742-mision-de-aibo-institucion-china-de-programas-de-capacitacion-visita-la-apci
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
With the vaccines given and inoculated to the President Vizcarra and officials of the highest level of government in a secret way, the Chinese laboratory Sinopharm ensured their sale (Chinese vaccine) and managed to sabotage any other purchase from the government of Peru. That is why the negotiation with Pfizer was backfired on the grounds of "a matter of sovereignty".
- https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-56782583
- https://ojo-publico.com/2501/vacunas-en-la-embajada-de-china-diplomacia-e-interes-publico
- https://actbistas.org/fue-soborno-escandalo-de-vacunas-peru-declaracion-aduanas/
- https://elperuano.pe/noticia/115377-embajada-china-rechaza-calificaciones-de-vacunas-de-cortesia-donaciones-o-prebendas-en-caso-sinopharm
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Based on experience, there is no evidence that this has happened. But according to the support link, an ascendant of the ambassador of China in Peru, sent to APRA (Peruvian party), a clear warning, that if a protest against Xi occurred in Lima, none of the APRA allies would return to set foot in China.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Peru among other countries received the Chinese vaccine, and indirectly support China as a leader partner who played a praiseworthy role in the global health security. However, there is no evidence, that my country was publicly supported to be officially the head of WHO or any intergovernmental organization. Therefore, as there is no evidence, we support our answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Alan Garcia, ex Peruvian president signed up the Peru-China Free Trade Agreement with president Hu Jintao in 2009. Alan Garcia wrote the book “Confucius and globalization” (Edit. Titanium, 195 pages in 2013)
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no a governmental position, but according to the links there are some news criticizing the law.
- https://limagris.com/efectos-de-la-ley-de-seguridad-nacional-de-hong-kong-fin-de-un-pais-dos-sistemas-y-nueva-normalidad-en-la-comunicacion/
- https://gestion.pe/mundo/china-adopta-polemica-ley-de-seguridad-para-hong-kong-que-entra-en-vigencia-hoy-noticia/
- https://www.apam-peru.com/web/china-establecera-nueva-ley-de-seguridad-de-hong-kong-trump-advierte-sobre-fuerte-reaccion-de-estados-unidos/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.