Ghana
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 18 / 101 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 194 / 396 | - |
Sep 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 13 / 101 | - |
| Level of Score | 58 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 34 / 101 | - |
| Level of Score | 20 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 41 / 101 | - |
| Level of Score | 38 % | - |
In 2023, Ghana had a GDP per capita of US$2,238 and a total population of 33.47 million people.
Ghana established diplomatic relations with the PRC in 1960. Ghana was ranked 50/180 in Reporters without Border’s 2024 World Press Freedom index and ranked Free in Freedom Status in Freedom House’s 2024 Global Freedom Status with a score of 80/100.
Key Takeaways
- Ghana has a longstanding bilateral relationship with the PRC, and the PRC's influence can be seen in several of the Domains.
- The government of Ghana is careful to not offend and destroy its relationship the PRC. This can be seen by its failure to prosecute some PRC citizens involved in serious crimes such as illegal mining and unlawful exportation of natural resources.
- The PRC is able to influence media reportage of the PRC by strategically providing all-expenses paid trip to journalists from key media organisations in Ghana to visit China in exchange for positive publicity and access to a page or two in domestic newspapers.
- Donations and aid from PRC-connected individuals and entities to Ghana appears to be one of the main strategies that allows the PRC to have influence over the Republic of Ghana.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a "completely influenced" level of 100%. The percentages express the country's score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The World Chinese Media website provides a list of all its international members, and no organisation in my country (Ghana) is a member. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Supplementary Notes
Ghana is a member of the Belt and Road network Initiative and although this has enabled some Ghanaian Journalists to attend seminars in the PRC, Ghanaian journalists are not members of the Belt Media or News Alliance
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
22 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Ghanaian journalists have participated in media exchanges in China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Some significant number of Ghanaian journalists have participated in media training in China
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon". Although the China-Africa Film and Television Corporation Project was established to translate Chinese movies into African languages such as Hausa, Swahili and Arabic, there is none broadcasted in a Ghanaian local language."
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon. Local media in Ghana are either owned by politicians or indigenous businessmen."
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Out of over 100 media houses in Ghana, not more than five media houses are known to have reached agreements with PRC state-fund media for cheap or free content. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The few media houses, however, have a very large readership base. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating."
Supplementary Notes
"Page 61- China's influence in Africa doc, page 31 -Case Studies on PRC Influence in Africa’s Information Space"
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Less than ten media houses have been reported to run regular PRC state-media or government advertisements. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The few media houses are major players in the media space. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.There are indications that the local Chinese mission has exerted on the Ghanaian media over what it termed 'biased media campaign' against Chinese nationals involvement in artisanal mining in the country.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
22 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, media organizations and public figures in Ghana have used emotive and familial language to describe the country's relationship with the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
41 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a partnership between Huawei and Ghanaian universities.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
40 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are three Confucius Institutes in Ghana including the University of Ghana, University of Cape Coast and the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Kumasi.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"NewsGhana website, LeMonde news site and the standard website report that Ghana plans to integrate the Chinese language into its educational system. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response."
- https://newsghana.com.gh/ghanaian-schools-to-begin-the-teaching-of-chinese-language/
- https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/3/193983/Mandarin-Chinese-to-enter-Ghana-school-syllabus-%C2%A0
- https://www.adomonline.com/academics-disagree-on-the-introduction-of-chinese-language-into-basic-education-curriculum/
- https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/09/17/ghana-wants-to-integrate-mandarin-into-its-school-curriculum_5997232_4.html#:~:text=Mandarin%2C%20the%20most%20widely%20spoken,nine%20national%20ones%2C%20already%20coexist
Supplementary Notes
Although discussions have been made on the phenomenon, implementation has not yet begun.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The websites of PRC-affiliated networks/association does not show any alliance with academic research centers in Ghana. There is, therefore, no observation of the indicator phenomenon."
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The PRC has funded a Malaria research centre in Teshie, Ghana.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changjiang_Scholars_Program
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thousand_Talents_Plan
Supplementary Notes
PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program hardly select international experts unless those with Nobel Prize Laureates and members of the US National Academy of Engineering. (According to Wikipedia)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Ghanaian scholars at the Confucius Institute at the University of Ghana have taken trips to the PRC that was sponosred by the Institute.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
88 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
70 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Supplementary Notes
This topic does not seem to feature in the discussion on Ghana-China relations in the academic space
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
39 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) website of the World Bank reveals that China tops the Ghana market trading shares in both imports (16.75%) and exports (18.8%). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.”
- https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/290284/China-remains-Ghana-s-largest-trading-partner#:~:text=Ambassador%20Lu%20Kun,cent%20year%2Don%2Dyear
- https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/290284/China-remains-Ghana-s-largest-trading-partner#:~:text=Ambassador%20Lu%20Kun,cent%20year%2Don%2Dyear
- https://wits.worldbank.org/CountrySnapshot/en/GHA
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There have been no observed occurrences of this indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Although some extractive industries in my country are owned and shipped to the PRC, it is not a top customer for Ghana's extractive industries. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Ghana
- https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/ghana-mining-industry-equipment
Supplementary Notes
The "commodities" section under the mining industry in Ghana (wikipedia) provides a list of the various extractive industries in Ghana and their top customers. The PRC is not a top customer.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
63 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"News reports and documentaries show that the PRC controls and owns the Asogli power plants, controls fishing, and key infrastructure works in Ghana. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response."
- https://sunonasogli.com/index.php/about-us-2/#:~:text=Sunon%20Asogli%20Power%20(Ghana)%20Limited,Producer%20(IPP)%20in%20Ghana
- https://realestatetimesafrica.com/news/manufacturing/632/China+controls+infrastructural+Construction+Works+in+Ghana+And+Other+Countries++Report, https://www.cffacape.org/news-blog/chinas-capture-of-ghanas-fishing-industry-is-threatening-food-security
- https://www.ghanaweb.com/region/inews/Captain-Smart-s-Revelation-Tema-Harbour-and-Kotoka-Airport-Next-on-Chinese-Takeover-List-100502
- https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/21/chinas-2-billion-ghana-deal-fears-over-debt-influence-environment.html
Supplementary Notes
Sunon Asogli Power (Ghana) Limited is the first successful Independent Power Producer (IPP) in Ghana. It is jointly owned by Shenzhen Energy Group (60%) and the China Africa Development Fund (40%).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
71 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The AIIB website provides a list of newly approved member countries of which Ghana is a part. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.” .
- https://www.businessworldghana.com/ghana-joins-aiib-to-raise-capital-for-infrastructure-investments/
- https://www.aiib.org/en/news-events/news/2018/AIIB-Approves-Membership-of-Algeria-Ghana-Libya-Morocco-Serbia-Togo.html#:~:text=The%20Asian%20Infrastructure%20Investment%20Bank's,%2C%20Morocco%2C%20Serbia%20and%20Togo
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
- https://srcic.org/silk-road-members/, https://web.archive.org/web/20190810141025/http://www.srcic.com/srcic-profile/
- https://www.bricaistanbul.com/overview/brica-members/
- https://sinopsis.cz/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/rollandbri.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
39 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The Director of Enclaves, Zones and Applications of Ghana Free Zones has stated that out of 226 companies in the Free Zone Enclaves, twelve are Chinese firms. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
97 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
23 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is cooperation between the All China Confederation of Trade Union and Trade Union Confederation of Ghana
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Quite a number of local news websites report on Chinese events such as the Lunar New Year events. Therefore, this indicator deserves more than a "Few" rating. Personnel linked to the UFWD such as the Chinese business community in Ghana, the Ambassador of China to Ghana, among others also make appearances to these events. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating."
- https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/chinese-celebrate-luna-new-year.html
- https://www.happyghana.com/the-peoples-republic-of-china-celebrates-74th-anniversary/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Among all the professional associations, only the All-China Journalist Association closely engages with their journalist counterparts in my country. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. Local journalists frequently source their news of the PRC from PRC-connected media organisations.Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Significant” rating.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The media in my country is filled with reports of PRC-connected entities providing support to communities and charities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"StarTimes is the only PRC-connected entity that distributes PRC entertainment products at a cheap price. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. StarTimes, however, has secured contracts with government in my country and offers coverage to a larger population even in rural communities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “significant” rating.”
- https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/StarTimes-scheming-to-takeover-broadcasting-space-GIBA-685864
- https://www.nbr.org/publication/china-in-africas-media-a-case-study-of-ghana/
- https://www.iri.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Global-Thought-Work-Case-Studies-on-PRC-Influence-in-Africas-Information-Space.pdf
Supplementary Notes
"Page 61 on the document by Emmanuel Dogbevi -China in Africa' media., Page 32 on ""Case Studies on PRC Influence in Africa’s Information Space"" document."
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
TikTok ranks as the second most popular social media app in Ghana.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is few observation of this phenomenon
- https://www.faapa.info/blog/duapa-africa-to-hold-ghana-china-economic-and-cultural-week/
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d774d3041544f79457a6333566d54/index.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
96 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are Chinese gaming operators in rural communities in Ghana, but they have not been involved in any freedom of speech controversies.
Supplementary Notes
Even though there are Chinese gaming operators in rural communities in Ghana, they have not been involved in freedom of speech controversies
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
39 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Due to media reportage associated with Chinese takeover of small businesses, illegal mining, and state corporations in my country, majority of citizens have a negative view of the PRC. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
- https://yen.com.gh/business-economy/economy/234055-china-ghanas-mineral-revenue-electricity-sales-default-4-loans-imf-report/
- https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Galamsey-menace-China-is-on-a-path-to-economically-colonize-Ghana-Odike-1635440
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
59 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The trading Economics websites provides a statistics of the trade in ammunitions between the PRC and my country. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response."
- https://tradingeconomics.com/china/exports/ghana/arms-ammunition-parts-accessories
- https://gna.org.gh/2023/06/china-to-fund-nine-military-projects/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Ghanaian delegation participated in the 3rd China-Africa Peace and Security Forum in Beijing in 2023
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"My country has received a lot of in-kind donations from the PRC. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response."
- https://www.modernghana.com/news/730996/ghana-gets-3m-worth-of-military-equipment-from-china.html
- https://gna.org.gh/2023/06/china-to-fund-nine-military-projects/
- https://fcwc-fish.org/other-news/ghana-receives-four-patrol-boats-donated-by-china
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Although the PRC has participated in HADR efforts, such efforts were not from the PLA. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
92 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
8 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese People's Navy are deployed from time to time to Ghana.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
44 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"News report from Ghanaweb shows that the military in my country engages in series of exchange activities with the PRC including high-level meetings, mutual military facilities tours, and joint military exercise at sea. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.”
- http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CHINA_209163/TopStories_209189/8053858.html
- https://www.defenceweb.co.za/sea/sea-sea/ghana-commissions-chinese-patrol-boats/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
38 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Among the 40 African countries that visited China, a Ghanaian senior officer was among a few African officers that were interviewed
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
70 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The CMC website of the PRC states that my country has had military engages with the PLA. Therefore. this indicator deserves a "Yes" response."
- https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghana-china-to-address-security-challenges-in-sub-region-chinese-ambassador/
- http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CHINA_209163/TopStories_209189/8053858.html
- http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CHINA_209163/Exchanges/News_209188/16240134.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
67 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"News Reports from Chinadaily.com and PulseGhana indicate that a legal mutual assisitance or extradition treaty between my country and the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.”
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201810/26/WS5bd2d5c8a310eff303284d66.html
- https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/mahama-will-ask-china-to-extradite-aisha-huang-to-stand-trial-in-ghana/yfgt65y
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"PRC-connected entities have indicated their commitment to combat terrorism in my country. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.”
- https://fcwc-fish.org/other-news/ghana-receives-four-patrol-boats-donated-by-china
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/200606/t20060620_679145.html
Supplementary Notes
The fifth paragraph of the first reference states that "China was committed to cooperating and planning together with Ghana in the areas of national defence, counter-terrorism, naval security as well as upgrading the equipment and operational capabilities of the immigration and customs services.". Section VII of the second reference reveals that "The two countries have decided to strengthen cooperation in international affairs and, as necessary, to maintain consultation and coordination, regular or otherwise, on major international issues such as poverty reduction, debt relief, UN reform, human rights and counter-terrorism to jointly safeguard the rights and interests of developing countries and promote world peace and development."
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No, there is no evidence in the provided search results that private PRC-connected security companies are contracted by national or subnational governments in Ghana.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A significant number of Ghanaian law enforcement officers have been trained in China.
- https://www.myjoyonline.com/ghana-border-control-training-graduation-celebrates-knowledge-exchange-with-china-ambassador-hammond-commits-to-improving-bilateral-relations/
- https://www.mint.gov.gh/ghana-china-deepens-bilateral-relationship/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
92 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
None provided
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A report by Symantec identified Chinese state-backed hacking groups targeting telecommunications companies in Africa, including Ghana. These campaigns used sophisticated malware such as PlugX, a hallmark of Chinese military hacking operations, to infiltrate networks and gather intelligence.
- https://therecord.media/african-telecom-targeted-by-chinese-hackers
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30914000
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
70 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Ghana is not among the three countries where the PRC has established police station to monitor Chinese dissidents abroad.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Ghana has deported Chinese citizens but is not known to have detained any Chinese national on behalf of the Chinese government
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
87 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese citizens that were deported to the PRC from Ghana were illegal gold miners and the general public including politicians and NGOs were in support of the action of the government
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
63 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The report (weblink attached) emphasizes that 'Elsewhere, Ghana, Morocco, and Zambia have each spent over US$250 million on mass surveillance Safe Cities from China.'
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Huawei, a PRC-connected entity, provides telecom services in Ghana. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.”
- https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202206/08/WS62a00325a310fd2b29e61595.html
- https://telecomschamber.com/news-media/industry-news/government-huawei-to-construct-rural-star-sites-to-bridge-digital-divide
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
36 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
33 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
MTN Ghana and Huawei have signed agreements to adopt Huawei's next generation telecommunication solution
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
32 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Through RuralStar, Huawei has extended wifi to villages in Ghana.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
78 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The Ghana Chamber of Telecommunications website states that "Huawei is currently cooperating with over 50 Ghanaian local sub-contractors to implement most of its projects for the government of Ghana." Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response."
- http://ifg.cc/aktuelles/nachrichten/regionen/219-gh-ghana/42764-gh-huawei-to-implement-part-of-e-gov-project
- https://telecomschamber.com/members/huawei
- https://ghanasoccernet.com/huawei-technologies-grows-with-ghana
- https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2016/5/jiana-zongtong
Supplementary Notes
The 4th paragraph of the third reference states that "Huawei have provided ICT Solutions for the government of Ghana. They include an Integrated National Security Communication System Project and a Comprehensive e-government Platform Project. Huawei will also provide an ICT surveillance system for the gas plant to be built by government."
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Ghana focuses ICT agreements with the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The government in my country has signed contracts for nationwide installation of internet services. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. Considering it is a nationwide project, it deserves a significant rating. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “significant” rating.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
39 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei has remained a prominent player in digital infrastructure in Ghana and connects with city centres with rural communities in the country.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
45 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Out of the many PRC-connected entities, it is only Huawei that invests in technology start-ups. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. The investments made by Huawei are significant because they offer these support annually. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “significant” rating.”
- https://thebftonline.com/2023/09/07/huawei-to-support-tech-talents-with-us100k/
- https://newsghana.com.gh/huawei-intel-atu-to-sponsor-pan-african-innovation-competition/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"There are not many PRC-connected entities in Ghana that specialise in technological development such as A.I., Cloud Computing, and Big Data. Thus, few companies have collaborations with these PRC-connected entities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. The results of the announced collaborations are hardly seen to materialise. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Insignificant” rating.”
- https://nita.gov.gh/whale-cloud-and-alibaba-partner-ghana-on-innovative-city-development/
- https://citinewsroom.com/2019/08/huawei-holds-partners-summit-with-top-players-in-ict-ecosystem/
- https://energynewsafrica.com/index.php/2023/06/16/ghana-huawei-partners-bui-power-authority-to-leverage-on-technology/
- https://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/813-chinese-i-t-giant-inspur-group-to-establish-west-africa-headquarters-in-ghana
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See the section on bilateral agreements with China in the attached publication for confirmation of this answer.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Ghana uses the USA' "GPS" system. There have been no discussions on using BeiDou in Ghana. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Several contracts have and are being signed between Ghana and the PRC. Therefore, this indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. The contracts or agreements that have been signed span several years, and deal with significant sectors of the economy. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Significant” rating.”
- https://mfa.gov.gh/index.php/ghana-and-china-sign-eight-cooperation-agreements-memoranda-of-understanding/
- https://www.gipc.gov.gh/ghana-to-benefit-from-us60-billion-chinese-fund-for-africa-signs-new-agreement-with-china/
- https://chinaglobalsouth.com/2020/06/25/ghana-signs-huge-deal-to-buy-trains-from-china/
- https://www.constructafrica.com/news/ghana-signs-agreement-china-construction-foreign-ministry-annex-building
- https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/business/292963/Hi-Limit-group-signs-agreement-with-Power-China-NEW-Corporation
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Ghana's second-largest city has a sister city partnership with Wenzhou, in Zhejiang province of China
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Although politicians and government employees have taken trips to the PRC, these trips were not paid by PRC-connected individuals or entities. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
28 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are a lot of government-to-government engagements between Ghana and the PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
22 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, representatives of political parties in Ghana's national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (ID-CPC).
- https://www.kas.de/documents/285576/0/Ties+that+Bind+-+China's+Party-to-Party+Diplomacy+in+Africa.pdf/50ff72dd-355d-e490-44e0-03db12614c1b?version=1.0&t=1636992694665
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english2023/HistoricalData/AnnualReports/2013/202307/t20230728_159667.html
- https://africacenter.org/spotlight/china-escalates-its-political-party-training-in-africa/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"From January 2022 to the date of data collection, there are no reports of political parties receiving campaign donations from the PRC. This could be because my country is not yet in an election year. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Supplementary Notes
Donations have however been made from the Communist Party to the government.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Supplementary Notes
The answer would have been few and insignificant but the highlighted incident happened in 2017. So it does not fit the Case evidence category.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
26 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
22 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In my country, government officials have publicly expressed positive views on the PRC, but usually only on specific occasions. Based on the frequency of these expressions, this indicator may warrant a 'Few' rating. However, these statements have a significant impact on public perception of the PRC, which could justify a 'Significant' rating instead.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.”
Supplementary Notes
Ghana is a democracy that prides itself on the freedom of expression and media. It is the first country to deport Chinese Ilegal goldminers and succeeded in jailing another Chinese illegal goldminer in 2023. see link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
74 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The website of the Embassy of the PRC in Ghana points out there is a joint parliamentary friendship group known as the Ghana-China Parliamentary Friendship Association. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.”
- http://gh.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zjgx/201810/t20181021_6223815.htm
- http://gh.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/sgxw/200511/t20051110_6137228.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Ghana owes China $1.9 billion, but $619 million of this amount is collateralised."
Supplementary Notes
The hyperlinked article suggests that the PRC is one the major creditors of Ghana with a cumulative debt of $1.9 billion
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The PRC through the Chinese Ministry of Commerce provides training to civil servants regularly. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. Civil servants in my country continue to receive scholarships for these trainings. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Significant” rating.”
- https://www.ohcs.gov.gh/sites/default/files/APR%202019%20%20FINAL.pdf
- https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/chap_rep_03_idun_arkhurst_200804.pdf
Supplementary Notes
"Page 41 and 42 of the first reference discusses the foreign trainings available to civil servants in my country (Ghana). The table, therein, identifies ""Governance and Administration"" as the most offered courses by the civil servants. Page 9 of the second reference under technical operation indicates that ""Key public sector functionaries have been sponsored by the Chinese government to participate in training courses and seminars in China, including on economic policy management and agricultural extension services."""
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no reason for China to detain a Ghanaian for political reasons. If a Ghanaian politician is fleeing the law, they would not go to China; they would prefer to go to the US or the UK.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There have been no observed occurrences of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, Ghana has signed an agreement with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership." This elevation was announced on September 5, 2024, during a meeting between Ghanaian President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo and Chinese President Xi Jinping at the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC).
Supplementary Notes
The hyperlinked article suggests that there is merely a cooperation agreement between Ghana and the PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are observations of this phenomenon. This is particularly important because the PRC is one of the major creditors of Ghana. Therefore, it is compulsory for Ghana to respect the one China Policy if it wants to continue to benefit from Chinese loans
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
61 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
19 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s territorial claim and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
37 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
33 countries chose this answer
100 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
56 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
23 countries chose this answer
99 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
47 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
29 countries chose this answer
101 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.