Austria
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 77 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 89 / 380 | - |
Oct 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 71 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 28 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 68 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 0 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 81 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 18 % | - |
In 2023, Austria had a GDP per capita of US$56,506 and a total population of 9.14 million people.
Austria established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1971. Austria was ranked 32nd in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 93/100.
Key Takeaways
- The fact that (former) politicians or government employees engage or have engaged in PRC-related roles is notable. Moreover, at the sub-national level, linkages with counterparts in the PRC or state-linked enterprises persist.
- Academia remains part of the links between Austria and PRC-connected entities. It will be interesting to see how these links, in the form of Confucius Institutes/Classrooms and research partnerships of institutions or renowned individuals, will develop in the future.
- Media and civil society appear to be a more important aspect of PRC influence in Austria than expected. Besides the noteworthy roles of organizations such as the Austrian Chinese Business Association and the Society for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification in Austria, PRC-connected individuals and entities reach the Chinese diaspora in Austria through print and online news channels. The reach of these information channels in the non-Chinese speaking public is, however, arguably very limited.
- It will be interesting to see whether or not the Qingtian Public Security Bureau was/is operating an overseas police station in Vienna.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a "completely influenced" level of 100%. The percentages express the country's score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to a list of World Chinese Media published in 2016, there is one media outlet 欧洲联合周报 in Austria that currently belongs to the network. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. According to a document of the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, the media outlet is still in existence today. Its reach could not be verified, but is arguably limited. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.worldchinesemedia.com/2016/06/01/1559/
- https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/aodili.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is only one Austrian media organization part of a BRI-linked media network: PreTV production company is part of the 2019 Belt and Road Media Community Summit Forum‘s 丝绸之路电视共同体高峰论坛 board of directors. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. PreTV is a rather small production company. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to a report by the Sino-Austrian TV format Tandem China-Österreich, groups of international journalists, including from Austria, visited China at the invitation of the city of Beijing in late 2023 (organized by China Media group). No other instances could be identified. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The report does not disclose the identity of the Austrian journalist(s) who participated, but they are believed to not have a major influence. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There previously existed a cooperation of the Austrian Journalists Club (AJC) and Radio China International of China Media Group (CRI) including a program for young Austrian journalists to work for one year in the German editorial office of CRI in Beijing. Although the International Media Institute still runs the TV format Tandem China-Österreich on Okto TV (max. 82,000 viewers per month in 2023) in cooperation with CRI as the successor of AJC since 2022, there is no public information about trainings for Austrian journalists (officially, the cooperation agreement was last renewed for two years in 2018).
- https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20181112_OTS0055/kooperationsabkommen-zwischen-oejc-und-cri-in-peking-verlaengert-bild
- https://www.okto.tv/de/sendung/tandem
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are several Chinese state media producing German language content accessible online in Austria. These include Radio China International of China Media Group (CRI), Xinhua, Beijing Rundschau, China.org.cn, China Heute, and People's Daily Online. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. It is difficult to determine the reach of these media, but it is believed to be limited. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://german.xinhuanet.com/
- https://german.cri.cn/
- http://german.beijingreview.com.cn/
- http://german.china.org.cn/
- http://german.chinatoday.com.cn/
- http://german.people.com.cn/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Austria, there is one local media outlet whose ownership could be traced back to PRC-connected individuals or entities:The Guang Hua Media (Austria) GmbH, a subsidiary of the french-based Guang Hua Cultures et Media Group, is ultimately jointly owned by two PRC citizens. The Austrian subsidiary of Guang Hua Media is responsible for the group’s media activity in Austria and 22 more countries in Central and Eastern Europe, including Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, and Lithuania. The existence or reach of other media outlets mentioned in a document of the Chinese Ministry of Commerce as having an impact in Austria (i.e. 欧洲联合周报 (see below), 欧洲华信报 and 中国人报) could not be verified. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Guang Hua Cultures et Media Group also produces German language news content, in particular through the monthly magazine China Rundschau or a German language news website. However, its influence in Austria appears to be mainly limited to Chinese diaspora and expat communities. Similarly, the reach of the official Wechat account for Austria, called 维城, which provides news on Austria in Chinese, is arguably limited to the same audience (around 500- 5,000 reads per article). Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.oushinet.com/resource/other_page/about.html
- https://firmeneintrag.creditreform.de/1060/9110801051/GUANG_HUA_MEDIA_AUSTRIA_GMBH#firmenauskunft
- https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/aodili.pdf
Supplementary Notes
Details wie Namen (in Klammern) sowie weitere mögliche Medien mit entsprechendem Hintergrund wohl nur ebenfalls via Orbis nachvollziehbar
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the context of an analysis of Austria’s main newspapers and websites of Austrian associations focused on improving relations with China, no instance of advertisement from PRC-connected entitite could be identified. Moreover, there has been no report of such a phenomenon in Austria.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Supplementary Notes
In an interview with the ORF China correspondent, he mentions having been "invited for tea", explaining that this is done to complain about critical reporting and inform about possible consequences. However, it has been deemed too unspecific to amount to an instance of a threat to revocate journalist IDs.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the context of an analysis of Austria’s main media organizations, no instance of this kind of language in the observed period of time could be identified.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Austrian universities are cooperating with PRC-connected entities in a few projects.(examples: 1. Hutchison Drei Austria GmbH (owned by the HK group CK Hutchison 长江和记实业) partners with the Technical University of Vienna’s (TU Wien) Institute of Production Engineering for a research project on 5G+ applications. ZTE 中兴通讯 is also involved as a network provider. 2.TU Wien also cooperates with the Italian subsidiary of ZTE in another research project on Information and Communication Technology. Other partnerships do not seem to be in place anymore (e.g. Sino-Austrian Electronic Technology Innovation Center (SAETIC) established in 2015 as a research cooperation between the China Electronics Technology Group Corporation 中国电子科技集团有限公司 (SOE) and the Technical University of Graz (TU Graz) or between Huawei Vienna Research Center and TU Wien) or have not been instituionalized beyond a LOI (e.g. CRRC ZELC and TU Graz)). Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. While TU Wien is a prestigious university, the research partnerships seem to be limited to very specific niche topics. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://academytracker.ceias.eu/articles/1EfzWtGo2OTvNaOTauu115
- https://www.tuwien.at/tu-wien/aktuelles/news/news/32-tu-wien-studierende-freuen-sich-ueber-digitalisierungsstipendium-von-huawei
- https://www.leadersnet.at/news/63581,drei-erforscht-mit-der-tu-wien-anwendungstechniken-fuer-5g.html
- https://tiss.tuwien.ac.at/fpl/project/index.xhtml?id=2457763
- https://crrczelc-europe.com/austria-joint-rd-center/
Supplementary Notes
Huawei offers scholarships to students of TU Wien, TU Graz, and the University of Klagenfurt as part of its Seeds for the Future program (Link).
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are currently two Confucius Institutes in Austria, one at the University of Vienna and one at the University of Graz. In addition, various schools or universities have signed cooperation agreements with one of the two Confucius Institutes to offer classes/courses on China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The two universities are the largest universities in the country. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://academytracker.ceias.eu/articles/1EfzWtGo2OTvNaOTauu115
- https://www.meinbezirk.at/weiz/c-lokales/confucius-classroom-verbindet-weiz-und-china_a4311361
- https://www.vbs.ac.at/presse/chinesisch-lernen-an-der-vienna-business-school-start-einer-kooperation-mit-der-universitaet-graz/
- https://www.wko.at/ooe/news/handelspartner-china
- https://www.aau.at/blog/kaernten-und-china-ruecken-zusammen/
- https://www.phst.at/schnellzugriff/aktuelles/detailinformation-zur-nachrichten/article/kooperation-mit-konfuzius-institut/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
While there are schools offering Chinese language classes, there has up until now been no public report of initiatives by the Austrian government to offer Chinese language courses in schools more broadly.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are few cases of Austrian or Austria-based experts participating in Chinese talent recruitment programs. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. However, these existing have had a rather significant impact. Most prominently, Nobel laureate Anton Zeilinger has cooperated intensively with Chinese research institutions and was officially appointed a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2023. He was also awarded the Chinese Government Friendship Award in 2020 and received the Chinese Micius Quantum Prize worth CYN 1 Mio. in 2019, as have Austrian scholars Rainer Blatt and Peter Zoller. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://academytracker.ceias.eu/articles/1EfzWtGo2OTvNaOTauu115
- https://noe.orf.at/stories/3255998/
- https://www.iqoqi-vienna.at/detail/news/anton-zeilinger-now-foreign-member-of-the-chinese-academy-of-sciences-1
- https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000102106076/oesterreichische-quantenphysiker-erhalten-chinesischen-micius-preis
- https://en.ustc.edu.cn/info/1007/4267.htm
Supplementary Notes
Chinese citizen Pan Jianwei 潘建伟, who earned his doctorate at the University of Vienna under the supervision of Anton Zeilinger, now works as a professor at the Chinese University of Science and Technology under the Thousand Talents Program. In the past, Pan and his university were accused of forging close ties to the Chinese defence industry (Link; Link)
- https://www.dw.com/de/chinas-quantensprung-made-in-germany/a-65887595
- https://english.cas.cn/newsroom/archive/china_archive/cn2009/200909/t20090923_43360.shtml
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Supplementary Notes
The Austria-based scholar Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik has previously voiced that she decided not to travel to China anymore to protect herself and others.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Germany is Austria's largest trading partner.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Austria's foreign debt is mainly held by creditors in Europe.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon
- https://ahstat.bilateral.wko.at/Statistics.aspx?iso=CN&lang=de-AT
- https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ds-045409__custom_11514192/default/table?lang=en
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Supplementary Notes
Applying Orbis would provide more evidence. Telecommunicatiion will be addressed under Technology 2.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Austria has joined the AIIB in 2015 as a non-regional and founding member. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Supplementary Notes
No evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Settlement instructions by Raiffeisenbank may indicate that Raiffeisen is an indirect participant in CIPS. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Supplementary Notes
Austrian jewelry brand Swarovski faced backlash after listing Hongkong as a country on its website in 2016 - however, boycotts targeted the company itself, not Austrian products in general.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The European Union and by extension the European Single Market has up until this point not signed a free-trade agreement with the PRC.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Supplementary Notes
The only noteworthy case is a planned "China Austria Industrial Park" which was announced back in 2006 but never came to fruition.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Gerd Kaminski, the late Director of the Austrian Institute for China and South-East Asia Research (ICSOA), and Xu Fangfang note that the ‘Society for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification in Austria’ (in German: Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Friedlichen Wiedervereinigung Chinas in Österreich; In Chinese: 奥地利中国和平统一促进会) is one of the most influential overseas Chinese associations in Austria. The association remains active. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" and "Significant" rating.
- https://www.chinafile.com/ngo/latest/united-front-work-departments-austrian-chapter-registers-foreign-ngo-china
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329421364_Overseas_Chinese_Associations_in_Austria
- http://www.hbql.gov.cn/view/5477.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to a Wechat article by the Chinese Embassy in Austria, a delegation of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) attended the Austrian Trade Union Federation’s (Österreichischer Gewerkschaftsbund, ÖGB) federal congress in 2018, while the ÖGB visited China in 2019. Lastly, the ACFTU sent the ÖGB a shipment of PPEs, which was handed over by then Chinese ambassador, Li Xiaosi, in May 2020. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" rating. It should be noted that no mention of the ACFTU delegation nor the ÖGB’s visit to China has been found on ÖGB’s website, social medias, as well as in Austrian media. This indicates that the relation between ÖGB and ACFTU is rather shallow and should thus not be overstated. No other acitivities have been reported since.
- https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?src=11×tamp=1655071480&ver=3856&signature=H9pZJ1dvO4O1Jthi8GV-WwOp2K1j8u8mM621VVrDxwdkO7hGQ1VhalPUo5dUlOEPfVbPOg7YXjMvd5xB3SjWDrhmay5HLdHo06422zU-WiWUa974WPnxR*vzmt9vtgYa&new=1
- https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?src=11×tamp=1655028985&ver=3856&signature=H4ECJ2vqAON-8jbACxTSdMgLGEfSsK*SUmz136w3ZxldkG5CYhc*A7uhEyFaiSZBnOOeX2Y2Ag4c2Y2hz-OFEbw2EPREtJeLRYlmLH-RnZdlBYV6erHLQN9FznQ97-Ij&new=1
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The 2024 Lunar New Zear Celebrations were hosted by Xie Feiru, President of the Austrian-Chinese Women's Association (奥地利华人妇女联). Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" and "Insignifican" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the past deacade, several professional associations (e.g. ACJA) from the PRC have engaged with their Austrian counterparts. These relations appeared to be both infrequent and rather shallow. In 2023 however, the Austrian Chinese Musicians Association (ACMA, 奥地利中国音乐家协会) was founded partnering with the Chinese Musicians Association (中国音乐家协会). Honorary Members of the ACMA include Board Members of Austrian counterparts suggesting close engagement. The ACMA hosted a Spring concert celebrating the Lunar New Year in 2024. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" and "Significant".
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/zgjx/2016-09/27/c_135717471.htm
- https://www.163.com/dy/article/EORMAMFM0514BIH4.html
- https://www.acma.at/aktuelles/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are two TV formats broadcasted via the public community channel OKTO: Tandem China-Österreich, run by the International Media Institute (Austria) and Radio China International of China Media Group (CRI), and Treffpunkt China-Österreich, run by the Confucius Institute at the University of Vienna and CRI. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. With an arguably limited audience, the impact of these media on the Austrian public remains minor.Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insigificant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to a 2023 Statista survey, the five most used social media and messaging apps in Austria are: 1. WhatsApp 2. Facebook 3. Instagram 4. Facebook Messenger 5. TikTok. Tiktok is owned by Chinese company ByteDance. While TikTok is used by 30.2% of respondents, it ranks 4th among young Austrians (11-17 years old) with 65% of respondents using TikTok. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/184936/umfrage/beliebteste-soziale-netzwerke-in-oesterreich-nach-nutzung/
- https://www.saferinternet.at/services/jugend-internet-monitor/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The majority of Austrians hold negative views towards the PRC ranging between around 65% and 72%.
- https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3272
- https://ceias.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Europe_and_North_America_Draft-FINAL.pdf
Supplementary Notes
No survey regarding the PRC government specifically was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Austria does not import any such equipement from the PRC.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Austrian aircraft producer Diamont Aircraft entered a comprehensive technical cooperation with CETC Wuhu Diamond Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (referred to below as CETC Wuhu) 中电科芜湖钻石飞机制造有限公司. In 2019, CETC Wuhu announced the completion of first flight of its TA-20 basic military trainer aircraft – “[…] a joint venture between CETC and the Wuhu Municipal Government, which builds aircraft under licence from Austria’s Diamond Aircraft Industries”. The TA-20 is a development of Diamond's DART-450. In addition, the Austrian aircraft parts maker FACC is under majority ownership (91.25%) of Chinese planemaker Xi'an Aircraft International (XAC) 西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司, a subsidiary of Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) 中国航空工业集团公司, since 2009. As part of AVIC XAC, FACC supplies components to major Western aircraft producers and to Chinese producers. According to reports, AVIC XAC produces military and civilian aircraft (components), suggesting that FACC co-develops military equipment with PRC-related entities. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.key.aero/article/diamond-dart-450-reborn-chinas-ta-20
- https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/CN/000768/company-people
- https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5931LT/
- https://www.faz.net/aktuell/finanzen/finanzmarkt/portrait-chinas-luftfahrt-lockt-facc-15189711.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese Embassy in Austria hosts a military attaché, who belongs to the PLA. Other than this, there is no permanent or periodic PLA military presence in Austria.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
While a cooperation agreement on education and training has been made in 2005, there is no evidence suggesting that Austrian military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC. As of 2021, the Confucius Institute in Vienna provided Chinese language courses for Austria's military forces. It is unclear, however, whether that is still the case. Moreover, this cannot be deemed military education or training.
- https://www.bmlv.gv.at/cms/artikel.php?ID=2494
- https://www.diepresse.com/5979536/das-bundesheer-und-die-china-versteher
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Skip
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
43 PLA soldiers participated in the 2023 "Edelweiss Raid" - an annual international military mountaineering and skiing contest. The raid is more a sporting contest than it is a traditional military exercise. Still, technically it is considered to count as a cooperation with the PLA. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response, albeit the two caveats are the low number of participating PLA soldiers and the sports character of the collaboration.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
While Austria and China signed an agreement on bilateral mutual legal assistance in 2018, the agreement has not yet come into effect. It was also agreed that following the evaluation of the agreement on bilateral mutual legal assistance, the possibility of an extradition treaty would be reviewed.
- https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Ergebnis.wxe?Abfrage=BgblAuth&Bgblnummer=21/2018&SucheNachTeil3=True
- https://www.bmeia.gv.at/oeb-peking/bilaterale-beziehungen/oesterreich-china/vertraege/
- https://www.bundespraesident.at/aktuelles/detail/gemeinsame-erklaerung-zur-errichtung-einer-freundschaftlichen-strategischen-partnerschaft-zwischen-der-volksrepublik-china-und-der-republik-oesterreich
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A report by the European Parliament published in 2011 affirms that one of the leading traids, Sun Yee On, is active in Austria. In 2017, the Austrian police carried out operations, notably with the assistance of Chinese police forces, against Chinese human trafficking rings. Another police operation in 2024 unveiled systematic human trafficking and sexual exploitation of Chinese women in Austria. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" rating.
- https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2011/453191/IPOL-LIBE_NT(2011)453191_DE.pdf
- https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000111187879/unter-dem-radar-wiens-chinesische-community-abseits-der-teigtascherlmafia
- https://kurier.at/chronik/oesterreich/chinesen-uebernehmen-das-rotlicht/266.547.394
- https://steiermark.orf.at/stories/3252182/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
Skip
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to Safegaurd Defenders, the Qingtian Public Security Bureau was or is operating an overseas police station in Vienna. A parliamentary question (question 10) regarding the existence of a Chinese police station in Austria has to be answered yet. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://safeguarddefenders.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Patrol%20and%20Persuade%20v2.pdf
- https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXVII/J/18297/fname_1621727.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is at this point no evidence available in this regard. However, it should be mentioned that China Unicom (Europe) established a branch in Austria in 2021, focusing on business-to-business relations rather than consumer telecom. There have been no noticable developments since.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Two out of Austria’s three main network providers have partnered with Chinese companies. First, Hutchison Drei, which is owned by Hong Kong group CK Hutchison, has partnered with ZTE. Secondly, Magenta, which is owned by Deutsche Telekom, has partnered with Huawei. Both of these partnerships also encompasses the 5G roll out. Therefore, this indicator deservees a "More than a few" and a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Skip
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since May 2024, the volunteer fire brigade of the municipality of Grammatneusiedl, in Lower Austria, has been using ZTE communication infrastructure.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
- https://www.amnesty.at/themen/gesichtserkennungstechnologie/warum-gesichtserkennungstechnologie-in-oesterreich-und-weltweit-verboten-werden-muss/
- https://atos.net/zh-cn/china
Supplementary Notes
The Austrian ministry of internal affairs uses facial recognition technology by Atos IT Solutions and Services GmbH, a subsidiary of Frencht IT company Atos which holds several subsidiaries in China.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The state of Carinthia has in the context with its partnership with ZTE installed smart lighting devices in the commune of Pörtschach am Wörthersee. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The extent of this measure is limited. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Only one investment by a Chinese venture fund in an Austrian start-up has been identified. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. In 2020 the Austrian medtech start-up Medicus AI received an EUR 1.2 million investment from the Chinese venture capital firm Sunhope Capital VC. Recent reports on VC investments in Austrian start-ups do not document significant Chinese investments. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.ey.com/de_at/news/2024/02/at-presse-start-up-invest-barometer-2023
- https://investinaustria.at/en/news/2020/01/medicus-ai-million-investment-chinese-vc.php
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Austria's national Research Promotion Agency FFG signed a cooperation agreement with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese National Space Administration pertaining to the 2020 Tianwen-1 mission to Mars. The Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences contributed to the magnetometer and supported callibration of flight instruments. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.ffg.at/weltraum-community-international
- https://www.space.com/china-mars-mission-tianwen-1-international-partners.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Several local Austrian politicians signed agreements with the PRC. For instance, representatives of the province of Styria, signed a MoU with Guizhou and Jiangsu in 2011 (with Jiangsu again in 2016) and with Shanghai in 2017 (still listed on the website, but apparently expired in 2019). Similarly, Lower Austria, the largest province, signed a MoU with Zhejiang in 2019, while Upper Austria has cooperated with Sichuan since 2019. However, the agreements in themselves do not appear to lend PRC governments or state-owned enterprises a significant influence in China. On the other hand, the government of Carinthia entered into a digital partnership with ZTE in 2016. The following years saw the implementation of several projects, notably, the installation of smart lighting in the small municipality of Pörtschach am Wörthersee, as well as more recently in 2019 the rollout of 5G technology. This agreement appears to have had a significant impact. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few", yet "Significant" rating.
- https://www.europa.steiermark.at/cms/ziel/162077018/DE/
- https://www.noe.gv.at/noe/Internationales-Europa/Unterzeichnete_Vereinbarung_zw._Provinz_Zhejiang_und_Niedero.pdf
- https://www.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at/236591.htm
- https://www.tourismuspresse.at/presseaussendung/TPT_20190813_TPT0009/drei-zte-und-land-kaernten-starten-mit-dem-5g-echtbetrieb-in-der-digitalen-vorzeigeregion-woerthersee
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are a number of Austrian provinces and cities with partner provinces or cities in China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. However, the significance of these in terms of impact and influence for PRC entities appears to be limited. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There have only been a few trips by Austrian politicians at the local level to the PRC during the observed period (e.g., Upper Austria's Business Secretary). Therefore, this indicator deserves a 'Few' rating. The impact of these trips seems to be limited. Thus, this indicator deserves an 'Insignificant' rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The last public report of an event in which memebers of parliament attended dates from May 2021. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Back then, the online event celebrated the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between Austria and China. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Supplementary Notes
There exists the Austria-China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association with reported links to the UFWD (Link). However, recent events held or attended by this association in Austria or China do not seem to have been attended by goverment employees, politicans, or parties (see for example Link, Link, Link)
- https://www.chinafile.com/ngo/latest/united-front-work-departments-austrian-chapter-registers-foreign-ngo-china
- https://www.oushinet.com/static/content/qj/qjnews/2023-03-16/1086077558472859648.html
- https://www.sohu.com/a/763727995_121123756
- http://www.hbql.gov.cn/view/8930.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in 2023. However, the Austrian government was criticized for banning the use of Tiktok on official cell phones of state employees; it does not apply to politicians.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The former Austrian Chancellor Werner Faymann (2008 to 2016, Social Democratic Party/SPÖ) has joined Tojoy Group (天九共享控股集团有限公司) in 2019 as a co-chairman of the board of directors. Matthias Euler-Rolle, spokesperson and communications chief at the Federal Chancellery under Faymann, has been responsible for the expansion of Tojoy into the German, Austrian, and Swiss markets since 2017. Moreover, the former Austrian Chancellor Christian Kern (2016 to 2017, SPÖ) was selected as the president of the European China Business Council in 2019, which was created by the China Europe Association for Technology and Economic Cooperation (registered under the PRC’s Ministry of Civil Affairs). It was not possible to determine whether he still fills this role. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. While these roles do not represent the main professional occupation of the people in question, it is still notable that at least one former chancellor engages in PRC-related roles. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20190809_OTS0094/fruehere-staatsoberhaeupter-schliessen-sich-tojoy-als-eu-executives-an
- https://cn.tojoy.com/e/core-team/chairman/c/zhuxifengcai
- https://www.euler-rolle.com/teamengl
Supplementary Notes
Fromer Chancellor Kern is President of the Austrian Chinese Business Association's Advisory Board (Link). However, the association claims to receive no funding from PRC-connected individuals or entities (Link); Link. Similarly, former Vice Chancellor Michael Spindelegger (2011 to 2014, ÖVP) and Viennese City Councillor for Finance, Economy, Labour, International Affairs and Utilities Peter Hanke are reported to be on the executive board of the Austria-China Economy Trade Association (Link)
- https://www.acba.at/en/advisory-board/
- https://www.profil.at/wirtschaft/wiens-maechtige-china-connection/402480482
- https://kurier.at/politik/inland/ex-kanzler-kern-nun-europa-praesident-von-china-unternehmerverein/400611611
- https://www.profil.at/wirtschaft/wiens-maechtige-china-connection/402480482
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Austrian parliament has an Austrian-China parliamentarian group. This group only includes Austrian parliamentarians, not Chinese ones. However, while arguably not playing a major role in shaping bilateral relations, these groups provide a framework for establishing and maintaining dialogue. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In May 2020, Chinese banks (Bank of China and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China) donated medical supplies to the Austrian Red Cross, including masks and COVID-19 test kits. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The in-kind donations took place during the pandemic and there have been no reports of similar donations since. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In September 2023, the vice president of the Central Party School led a CPC delegation to visit Austria. During the visit, the delegation met with representatives of Austrian political parties and the Federal School of Administration. However, there is no mention of training sessions.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest this is the case.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2018, Austria and China established during the state visit of President Alexander Van der Bellen and then Chancellor Sebastian Kurz in China a “Friendly Strategic Partnership”, which is still in place. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Austria claims to pursue a "one China policy" like all EU member states. While the positions adopted on the policy differ between EU member states, there is no evidence against the fact that Austria closely follows official EU language, i.e. recognizing the PRC as the sole legitimate government of China with no explicit mention of Taiwan's sovereignty.
- https://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/european-foreign-policy/foreign-policy/the-asia-pacific-region/northeast-asia
- https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/taiwan/european-union-and-taiwan_en?s=242
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Austrian Embassy in the Philippines signed together with the Delegation of the EU to the Philippines and other embassies of EU members a statement on the 7th anniversary of the award of the Arbitral Tribunal. Therein they emphasized that the award is "legally binding". However, no specific statement of the Austrian government could be found.
Supplementary Notes
As an EU member state, it could be argued that Austria indirectly follows the EEAS position opposing PRC territorial claims in the South China Sea (Link).
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Oppose
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Austria has signed several joint statements expressing concern about the human rights situation in Xinjiang. Therefore, the Index country has denounced the PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population and the indicator warrants a 0 score.
- https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/joint-statement-on-human-rights-violations-in-xinjiang-at-the-un-third-committee
- https://usun.usmission.gov/joint-statement-on-behalf-of-50-countries-in-the-un-general-assembly-third-committee-on-the-human-rights-situation-in-xinjiang-china/
- https://www.government.nl/documents/diplomatic-statements/2022/06/14/joint-statement-47-countries-un-human-rights-council-situation-china
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Oppose
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2024, Austria joined other countries in expressing concern about Tibet at the UN Human Rights Council. During China's 2024 Universal Periodic Review, Austria made specific recommendations about Tibet, including opposing forced assimilation and boarding school systems. Moreover, it called for protecting Tibetan pupils' right to education without discrimination against family life and cultural rights. Therefore, the Index country has denounced the PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population and the Indicator warrants a 0 score. Link (if error occurs, access via Link --> report of the working group)
Supplementary Notes
In a recent trip to Austria, the President of the Central Tibetan Administration, met with MPs, but not with a Head of State or Government (Link). In addition, when answering a recent parliamentary inquiry about Tibet, the Federal Minister for European and International Affairs admitted to have notice of human rights abuses in China, but did not mention any additional measures the Austrian government wants to take regarding Tibet (Link).
- https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000219620/hat-die-tibet-causa-in-europa-wieder-aufwind
- https://www.parlament.gv.at/dokument/XXVII/AB/16880/imfname_1611930.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Oppose
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
At a session of the UN Human RIghts Council in March 2024, Austria expressed "deep concern over the deteriorating human rights situation and rule of law in Hong Kong" and urged "the repeal of the National Security Law”. Therefore, the Index country has denounced the PRC’s ongoing repression in Hong Kong and the indicator warrants a 0 score.”
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.