Mexico
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 61 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 120 / 396 | - |
Jul 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 57 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 33 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 68 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 0 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 43 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 36 % | - |
In 2023, Mexico had a GDP per capita of US$13,926 and a total population of 128.46 million people.
Mexico established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1972. Mexico was ranked 121st in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Partly Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 60/100.
Key Takeaways
- The “Society” Domain obtained the highest score. This situation reflects the growing ties between Mexico and China in the cultural and social sphere, which in turn is a reflection of the flexibility that the PRC has to carry out a “Society-Society” relationship beyond the traditional “State” approach. This reflects the fct that, in addition to the economic strategy, Xi Jinping's government also applies a soft power policy towards Mexico, with the purpose of improving its image, but also with the idea of strengthening/creating new ties of integration.
- Mexico's geographical position (North America) and economic structure make it possible for the country to continue to be an important market for China. It should be remembered that being part of the North American Free Trade Agreement (T-MEC), the northern part of the country offers unique opportunities (apart from low-cost labor) for Chinese companies - especially in the automotive sector - to establish factories bordering the United States. However, we have noticed that in recent years, the former Head of Government and more than likely future president Claudia Shienbaum has signed contracts with Chinese companies to renew the urban railway system in the Mexican capital. In summary, China is expected to continue increasing its investments in the country beyond the aforementioned northern region.
- In the field of foreign policy, it is observed that Mexico remains attached to its traditional doctrine of non-intervention in the internal affairs of other countries, including China. For this reason we note the country's position of neutrality in delicate diplomatic matters for China. A relevant aspect is that greater closeness in diplomatic matters has been observed during the past government of Enrique Peña Nieto than in the one presided over by Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO).
- The results of the “Technology” Domain are striking because China has managed to articulate a strategy to insert itself into the country's telecommunications sector, but also to ensure a market niche in the provision of intelligence and mass surveillance services.
- Alleged fentanyl exports from China have become a prominent issue on the bilateral agenda. Such has been the impact that both Xi Jinping and AMLO have publicly addressed the issue. Until now, beyond the initial accusations, both countries have addressed this issue in the diplomatic sphere.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no information available online to suggest that Mexican media organization belongs to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no information available online to suggest that there are journalists or media organizations in Mexico that are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance (Union, Belt and Road News Alliance) or other media networks in the Belt and Road the Route connected to the People's Republic of China.
- https://beltandroadmedia.com/
- https://chinamediaproject.org/the_ccp_dictionary/belt-and-road-media-cooperation-union/
- https://www.oboreurope.com/en/belt-road-news-alliance/
- https://asiatimes.com/2022/01/belt-road-encircles-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I found information about pro-PRC content in the Excelsior Newspaper. I found information about a trip made by eight mexican journalists who belong to a club called "Club Primera Plana (CPP)". The travel of these journalists were financed by the "Chinese National Journalists Association" (中华全国新闻工作者协会). In addition, members of CPP took part of "2023 Belt and Road Jornalists" forum. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few, significant" rating.
- https://visionmx.com/noticias/asiste-el-club-primera-plana-por-mexico-a-2023-belt-and-road-jornalists-foro-de-china/
- https://macroeconomia.com.mx/ocho-periodistas-mexicanos-viajan-a-china/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The last link, I couldn’t find any information about this influencer, and if she is supported by the Chinese government. I put it because if there’s a relation between the influencer and the Chinese government, it will change the influence in Mexico, because Imagen radio and excelsior.com.mx have more influence. Therefore, this indicator deserves a ‘few, insignificant" rating.
- https://issuu.com/chinahoymx
- https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?v=1098221623995358&ref=watch_permalink
- https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2051395258335945
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There’s evidence that in 2018, the radio station XEWW-AM 690, located in Rosarito, Mexico, was sold by Grupo Latino de Radio (Prisa’s Radio subsidiary) to Phoenix TV, which is a Pro-Beijing subsidiary. Therefore, thins indicator deserves a ‘few, insignificant" rating.
- https://rsf.org/sites/default/files/en_rapport_chine_web_final.pdf
- https://freebeacon.com/national-security/mexican-radio-beam-chinese-propaganda/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I could not find any specific information on media organizations that describe relations with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I could not find any specific information on media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes there are research partnerships with PRC. Therefore, thins indicator deserves a ‘few, insignificant" rating.
- https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03726-7
- https://www.forbes.com.mx/unam-huawei-laboratorio-inteligencia-artificial/
- https://transferencia.tec.mx/2018/06/20/el-tec-y-china-se-unen-para-intercambiar-tecnologias/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are existence of Confucius Institutes or PRC-affiliated classrooms that offer Mandarin Chinese courses at universities. Therefore, thins indicator deserves a ‘few, insignificant". rating.
- https://china.unam.mx/2024/01/16/instituto-confucio-de-la-unam-15-anos-de-formar-a-talentos-mexicanos-en-el-aprendizaje-de-chino/
- https://ccl.uanl.mx/instituto-confucio-de-la-universidad-autonoma-de-nuevo-leon/
- https://institutoconfucio.uady.mx/inicioconfucio
- https://uach.mx/instituto-confucio/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No sources were found reporting on the inclusion of Chinese as a foreign language in primary or K12 education in Mexico, nor on the receipt of free or subsidized educational books or teachers from the People's Republic of China (PRC). However, Mexico and China have established diplomatic relations since 1972 and have signed several bilateral agreements in areas such as trade, investment, education and culture. In 2019, the Chinese Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) organized an investment and trade exhibition in Mexico to promote economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No sources were found on the existence of academic research centers or think tanks in Mexico that belong to networks or associations affiliated with the People's Republic of China (PRC). However, in 2019, the Chinese Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) organized an investment and trade exhibition in Mexico to promote economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the program of the most recent International Seminar on China and LAC, organized by one of the most important Think Tanks on this topic in Mexico, the China LAC Network mentions the institutional participation of the Development Research Center of the State Council of China. It should be noted that institutional participation implies the payment of an annual fee. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few, insignificant rating".
- https://www.redalc-china.org/index.php/es-es/quienes-somos/acerca-de-la-red-alc-chinaq.html
- https://www.redalc-china.org/index.php/es-es/quienes-somos/instituciones.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no information available on the participation of experts in talent recruitment programs of the People's Republic of China (PRC) such as the Thousand Talents Program or the Changjiang Scholars Program.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are any publicly available information on the existence of scholars taking trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities in Mexico
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no information available on the involvement of organized student groups connected to the People's Republic of China (PRC), such as Chinese Student and Academic Associations (CSSAs), in attempts to censor staff or students
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence to prove the cancellation or denial of visas to Mexican academics or researchers to travel to China
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although there is no evidence of the influence of organizations connected to the PRC on historical or economic issues, we can assure that through the Confucius Institutes of Mexico, curricular activities favorable to the PRC are promoted and encouraged. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://dusselpeters.com/CECHIMEX/20210421_CECHIMEX_Instituto_Confucio_UNAM_condiciones_retos_Jenny_Acosta.pdf
- http://www.economia.unam.mx/cechimex/chmxExtras/seminarios/Public_electric_22.10.2012/Seminario%2040%20anhios/Mesa%204/Lingyan%20Zhou.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to 2022 data, the United States is Mexico's main trading partner, with an export value of $452.6 billion (78.3% of total Mexican exports). Mainland China ranks third on the list of Mexico's main trading partners, with an import value of $10.8 billion (1.9% of total Mexican imports).
- https://www.worldstopexports.com/mexicos-top-import-partners/
- https://www.statista.com/statistics/1190835/import-trade-value-countries-mexico/
- https://www.businessinsider.com/us-mexico-china-trade-world-economy-changing-2023
- https://www.freightwaves.com/news/mexico-once-again-no-1-us-trade-partner
- https://theglobalamericans.org/2022/08/the-evolution-of-prc-engagement-in-mexico/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
- https://www.finanzaspublicas.hacienda.gob.mx/work/models/Finanzas_Publicas/docs/congreso/infotrim/2023/iiit/01inf/itindp_202303.pdf
- https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/economia/Deuda-Externa-de-Mexico-A-quien-le-debe-Mexico-Cuanto-debe-20181126-0053.html
- https://fincompara.mx/blog/que-es-la-deuda-externa-de-mexico/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since 2000 onwards, the PRC has been making a series of direct investments (both new projects and mergers and acquisitions) in Mexican territory, which has led it to have share control or even operate some ports in the country, as well as a series of companies that provide electrical services in this Latin American country. The China-Latin America Network database specifies these transactions. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation that Mexico joined AIIB.
- https://www.aiib.org/en/index.html
- https://asiafoundation.org/2016/01/27/new-asian-infrastructure-and-investment-bank-breaks-ground-what-you-need-to-know/
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-aiib.asp
- https://dialogochino.net/en/trade-investment/39049-explainer-latin-america-aiib-the-asian-infrastructure-investment-bank/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no specific information on major companies that are members of the Silk Road International Chamber of Commerce, the Belt and Road Industrial and Trade Alliance, or the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Mexico, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system. This system was launched in 2015 by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) to internationalize the use of the yuan. CIPS allows global banks to clear cross-border yuan transactions directly onshore in China, instead of through clearing banks in offshore yuan hubs. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Mexico, there have been no reported cases of economic coercion by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in response to government statements or policies, private companies, or NGOs that are deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/china-trade-agreements
- https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/regional-integration/brief/regional-trade-agreements
- https://insights.tetakawi.com/mexicos-free-trade-agreements
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Mexico, there have been no reported cases of economic coercion by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in response to government statements or policies, private companies, or NGOs that are deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In July 2023, there was a meeting between Chinese Ambassador in Mexico with diaspora Chinese representative in Mexico who are originally from Zhejiang. This group of representative is not an official group established in Mexico but more like informal group. However, they are likely connected to Lian Xiaomin 连小敏 who is currently head of Zhejiang's branch of All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, a United Front Organization. This is because, after the July 2023 meeting, Lian actually visited Mexico in October 2023. So the July 2023 meeting was a pre-arrangement to prepare for Lian's trip in Mexico. And the individuals who met with Chinese Amb in July 2023 are likely to be United Front. Therefore we think this indicator deserves the "few, but significant" rating.
- https://www.nuevo-mundo.mx/opinion/embajador-de-china-en-mexico-se-reunio-con-chinos-de-ultramar/
- http://www.chinaql.org/n1/2023/1017/c419643-40097306.html
- https://spanish.news.cn/20230119/d6e0bcc261af415cb0c678330e436186/c.html
- https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/tendencias/ano-nuevo-chino-2024-estos-son-los-mejores-lugares-para-festejarlo-en-la-cdmx/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are several sources that show close linkages bwtween mexican entieties and organizations refered in the questions. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few, significant" rating.
- https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1642284930734934289&wfr=spider&for=pc
- https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1642305400578665246&wfr=spider&for=pc
- https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2023/1204/c404090-40131649.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to website "Data Reportal" TikTok is the fourth most popular social media in Mexico. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence that show the celebration of several activities made by the "China Cultural Center" in Mexico. Therefore, this Indicator deserves "more than a few, significant" rating.
- http://www.ccchinamexico.org/es/Articles/Detail/1559599658
- http://www.ccchinamexico.org/es/
- https://twitter.com/EmbChinaMex/status/1716513587684884603
- http://www.ccchinamexico.org/es/Events/Detail/1661984626
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to a Pew Research Institute poll made in Mexico, almost 57% of mexicans have a favorable views about China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2023/07/27/chinas-approach-to-foreign-policy-gets-largely-negative-reviews-in-24-country-survey/
- https://yougov.co.uk/international/articles/44996-chinas-reputation-declines-while-americas-gets-boo
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Mexico used to participate in this kind of dialogues within the US and Canada.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Despite the mutual intentions to develop together military technology showed in a 2016´s meeting between mexican top officials and their counterparts in China, there is no evidence os the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Due to the strong linkages in security field between the US and Mexico, there is no prove that suggest China is interested in develop a Military Base in Mexico. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence that show trainings made by members of Mexican Army in China during 2014. Apart from this information, there is no more about this topic. Therefore, this indicatore deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Currently, Mexico and China mantain an important cooperation and mutual assistance in law issues. As a part of this cooperation, both countries signed a extradition treaty in 2005. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%90%88%E4%BC%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%8F%E5%8A%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6/6412772?fr=aladdin
- https://legislacion.scjn.gob.mx/Buscador/Paginas/wfArticuladoFast.aspx?q=u3mSVZXiTTdVnqIPCt1bg5aLFP8QnwjOMeFjGJE61sXZBvS0SIZkCuDYWFBUjwOEvwQ27UywPBX1N25hDPY70w==
- https://www.scjn.gob.mx/relaciones-institucionales/node/120
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Accodirng to the mexican National Defense Secretary (SEDENA, in spanish), Mexican Army Forces and PLA have developed some counter terrorits activities together in the past. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In may 2023, the president Andres Manuel López Obrador denounced publicly the existence of proves that evidencing the participation of some ilegal chinese gangs in fentanyl bussines. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://elpais.com/mexico/2023-05-05/lopez-obrador-insiste-en-que-mexico-no-produce-fentanilo-y-afirma-que-llega-de-china-tenemos-pruebas.html
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mushEoOtxxc
- https://www.milenio.com/policia/mafia-china-cobra-menos-lavar-dinero-carteles-mexicanos-clientes
- https://www.radioformula.com.mx/nacional/2024/5/11/mafia-china-en-cdmx-desmantelan-red-de-explotacion-sexual-casino-clandestino-video-815154.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Despite Mexico is one of the most affected latin american countries by cyber-attacks, there is no form to prove these attacks are coming from the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves "No" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2019, the anti-PCC activist Ai Weiwie visited Mexico to present a gallery in the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, in spanish). In that moment, Weiwei did not put under arrest by Mexican government. Theferore, this Indicator deserves a "No" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to officials sources, the Mexican National Defense Secretary (SEDENA, in spanish) acquired equipment to surveil people who pass for the mexican-US border. Also, local governents from Mexico City and Ciudad Juarez, have contracted facial system equipment from chinese companies. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://contralacorrupcion.mx/contratan-para-vigilar-frontera-a-empresa-ligada-al-gobierno-chino-eu-protesta/
- https://contralinea.com.mx/interno/semana/en-mexico-operan-tres-sistemas-de-vigilancia-con-reconocimiento-facial/
- https://aristeguinoticias.com/0706/mexico/cd-juarez-compra-equipo-de-videovigilancia-a-firmas-chinas-vetadas-por-eu/
- https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/11/08/empresa-ligada-al-gobierno-chino-fue-contratada-para-vigilar-la-frontera-con-eeuu-senalo-hackeo-a-sedena/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In october 2022, the mexican Federal Communications Institute (IFC, in spanish) aproved a concession in favour of China United Network Communications Group (China UNICOM) to operate in the country for 30 years as a supplier of telecom services. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" rating"
- https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/empresas/China-Unicom-consigue-una-concesion-para-vender-servicios-de-telecomunicaciones-en-Mexico-20221019-0065.html
- https://www.produ.com/noticias/telecomchina-estatal-obtiene-permiso-de-30-anos-para-operar-en-mexico
- https://www.ift.org.mx/sites/default/files/conocenos/pleno/sesiones/acuerdoliga/pift130722397.pdf
- https://www.forbes.com.mx/telefonica-y-china-unicom-se-alian-para-mejorar-red-4g/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Mexico only two companies have developed 5G networks: América Móvil and AT&T. In both of cases, we found information about puchases made by these two companies to Huawei. These purchases are related to some components to develop their 5G systems. So, there is no evidence about agreements signed by these companies to buy 4G or 5G technology to Huawei or ZTE. Therefore, this indicator deserves "few, insignificat" rating.
- https://www.reforma.com/mexico-pasmado-en-el-despliegue-de-5g/ar2497571
- https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/empresas/America-Latina-es-territorio-Huawei-20230805-0024.html
- https://www.bmv.com.mx/docs-pub/infoanua/infoanua_1276975_2022_1.pdf
- https://www.telefonica.com/es/sala-comunicacion/prensa/telefonica-selecciona-a-huawei-para-construir-su-red-virtual-epc-en-13-paises-en-el-marco-de-su-programa-unica/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2014, a mexican company called "Megacable" signed an agreement with Huawei Technologies to expand its internet service in the mexican state of Guanajuato. For this reason, this indicator deserves "few" rating. At the same time, in 2022 the Mexican Institute of Telecommunications (IFT) expressed the neecssity to expand the "6 GHz" band, which is an important step to developed 5G net. In that moment, Huawei Latin America´s director said the company is interested in be part of tha auction to build thios "6 HGz band" but until now there is no new information about that. Therefore, this indicator deserves "insignificant" rating".
- https://expansion.mx/empresas/2022/09/22/huawei-banda-wifi-6-licenciada
- https://www.produ.com/noticias/megacable-mexico-se-asocia-con-huawei-para-expandir-servicios-en-guanajuato
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are several sources that confirm the supllying of some tech equipment from chinese companies to Mexico. For example, China UNICOM is authorized to provided by 30 years telecommunications equipment. At tha same time, the companie China Communications Construction Company (CCCC) won a concession to develop part of the "Tren Maya" railway. Moreover, CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive y Yutong, gain some contracts to supply subway and massive transport system in Mexico City.
- https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/empresas/China-Unicom-consigue-una-concesion-para-vender-servicios-de-telecomunicaciones-en-Mexico-20221019-0065.html
- https://politica.expansion.mx/cdmx/2022/09/06/la-cdmx-adquiere-a-empresas-chinas-nueve-trenes-ligeros-y-100-trolebuses
- https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-58849114
- https://www.business-humanrights.org/es/%C3%BAltimas-noticias/m%C3%A9xico-china-communications-construction-company-y-mota-engil-ganan-el-contrato-para-la-construcci%C3%B3n-del-tren-maya-1/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I have found information about the adquisition of some facial recognition technology made by local governments in Ciudad Juarez and Coahuila. These adquisitions were bought to a company called "Dahua Technology" which operates in Mexico since some years ago. Therefore, this indicator deserves "Few, significant" rating.
- https://r3d.mx/2023/06/16/ciudad-juarez-adquiere-camaras-con-reconocimiento-facial-de-empresas-vetadas-por-ee-uu/
- https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2020/11/11/vigilancia-biometrica-el-tortuoso-camino-de-coahuila-hacia-el-reconocimiento-facial-252529.html
- https://empowerllc.net/2023/06/07/chihuahua-coahuila-videovigilancia/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
- https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ekman_smart_cities_battleground.pdf
- https://www.xataka.com.mx/telecomunicaciones/at-t-planea-crear-ciudades-inteligentes-en-mexico-a-partir-de-este-ano
- https://t21.com.mx/tecnologia-2023-03-21-att-mexico-endeavor-anuncian-finalistas-fondo-att-5g/
Supplementary Notes
The information we found show us the only company (until now) with intentions to develop smart cities systems in Mexico have been "AT&T".
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Until now, the information that we have found show us that Huawei have the approval to built a fiber optic cables in the mexican state of Baja California. Also, another enterprise called Time Interconnect Technology is interested to invest in the mexican state of Tamaulipas. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/finanzas/huawei-instalara-fibra-optica-submarina-en-bc-3083816.html
- https://www.elsoldetampico.com.mx/finanzas/empresa-de-china-invertira-en-tamaulipas-10967336.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In february 2023, Huawei started an investment plan called "SPARK" to finance mexican startups. The amount that will be invested is 1.6 million of US$. This project will be developed with the main Mexican Cooperation Agency (AMEXCID). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "few, significant" rating".
- https://expansion.mx/tecnologia/2023/10/04/china-invertir-startups-mexico-huawei#:~:text=El%20panorama%20emprendedor%20est%C3%A1%20en,1.6%20MDD%2C%20adem%C3%A1s%20de%20mentor%C3%ADas
- https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/tecnologia/Huawei-y-Amexcid-invertiran-1.6-millones-de-dolares-en-startups-mexicanas-20230509-0077.html
- https://infomercado.net/mexico/huawei-apuesta-1-6-millones-dolares-por-startups-mexicanas/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
We found information about an agreement signed by the mexican "Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica" and the "Estación Espacial China" (CSS, in english) to build a "Plataforma Infrarroja para la Observación de la Tierra" in Puebla. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.inaoep.mx/noticias/?noticia=1070&anio=2023
- https://www.excelsior.com.mx/opinion/fernando-islas/china-y-mexico-companeros-en-el-espacio/1611523
- https://linotipia.com.mx/avanza-proyecto-de-mexico-y-china-para-vigilar-la-tierra
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the Mexican legislation, the Federal Government is the only entity that could sign agreements with another countries. For this reason, this indicator deserves a “No” rating.
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/disposiciones-legales
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/registro-de-acuerdos-interinstitucionales-r-a-i
- https://vanguardia.com.mx/coahuila/destaca-manolo-jimenez-en-china-ventajas-de-invertir-en-coahuila-CD9746703
Supplementary Notes
Despite Federal Mexican governenment is the only entity that can signed international agreements, we found evidence that show lobbying activities in the PRC made by some Mexican governors with the goal to attract investments to their lands. These activities have brought greenfield Chinese investments to Mexico.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the information published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, some mexican municipalities have signed sister-city ties with its chinese counterparts. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. At the same time, we are found that many of these ties were signed between the most important mexican cities and some of the most relevant cities from the PRC. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/images/stories/documentos_gobiernos/rai/dif/df16.pdf
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/images/stories/documentos_gobiernos/rai/jal/jal34.pdf
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/images/stories/documentos_gobiernos/rai/jal/jal5.pdf
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/images/stories/acuerdos/nl47.pdf
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/images/stories/acuerdos/NL03.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence that probe meetings in the PRC between mexican politicians or gonvernent employees. Considering this indicatior is described as a “case” question, we consider this indicator deserves “No” answer.
- https://buzos.com.mx/noticiaVer/foro-de-cooperacion-celebra-logros-conjuntos-entre-china-y-mexico
- https://www.gob.mx/bienestar/prensa/mexico-y-china-comparten-experiencias-sobre-politica-social
- https://www.comunicacionxxi.com.mx/blogs/post/recibe-alcalde-metepec-embajador-de-china-palacio-municipal
- https://www.tclogx.com/index.php/2023/08/26/%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%b1%bd%e8%bd%a6%e9%9b%b6%e9%83%a8%e4%bb%b6%e5%85%ac%e5%8f%b8%e5%b0%86%e5%9c%a8%e5%a2%a8%e8%a5%bf%e5%93%a5%e7%a7%91%e9%98%bf%e9%9f%a6%e6%8b%89%e5%b7%a5%e5%8e%82%e6%8a%95%e8%b5%842
Supplementary Notes
Despite I did not find information about meetings in the PRC, I found information about several meetings between mexican officials at local level and PRC official, but in mexican terrtory. So, its more common chinese officials come to Mexico and having meetings with mexican officials or authorities at local level. At tha same time, It is importante to take into account that some meetings with chinese think tanks are making through virtual sessions. So, I suggest this indicator could be modificated and integrated the option of "virtual meetings". I added some links to evidence these suplementary notes.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
During the past decade, some congress men (and congress women) from the Insitutional Revolutionary Party (PRI, in spanish) met with high authorities from CCP. Later, in 2019, the head of ruling party (MORENA) MP. Yeidckol Polevnsky, as well as another politician called Gerardo Fernández Noroña, visited the PRC. Considering the number of these meetings, I consider this indicator deserves a "few" rating". Also, considering this indicatior is described as systemic and, mexican member of parliament were linked with the ruling parties during the moment when these meetings were made, I consider this indicator deserves “significant" rating.
- https://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=1661867&md5=dd08c1e4e8ad40700dfea531892f7127&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe
- https://www.proceso.com.mx/nacional/2019/4/24/viajaron-china-yeidckol-polevnsky-gerardo-fernandez-norona-223850.html
- https://pri.org.mx/ElPartidoDeMexico/saladeprensa/Nota.aspx?y=24604
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence that probe linkages between mexican politicans and chinese or the PRC entities thath finance some political campaigns.
Supplementary Notes
In Mexico, legislation ban private financing to political campaigns. So the only way to catch (receive) money is through asignations made by Elections National Institute (INE, in spanish). I am adding a link to support this affirmation.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
During this year, congress representatives from the mexican ruiling party, MORENA, have had some meetings with chinese officials. These meetings have been organized as a part of Chinese-Mexican Friendship Parlamentary Group. In some cases, these representives have expressed their admiration for the PRC system, the One China Principle or the competitive advantages from Chinese economic system. Due to the signification of these remarks, we consider this indicator deserves "more than a few, significant" rating.
- http://mx.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgjs/202304/t20230428_11068186.htm
- https://comunicacionsocial.diputados.gob.mx/index.php/boletines/el-grupo-de-amistad-mexico-republica-popular-china-realizo-reunion-de-trabajo-con-una-delegacion-de-zhejiang
- https://www.canaldelcongreso.gob.mx/noticias/17103/Presidenta_de_la_Cmara_de_Diputados_resalta_lazos_de_coperacin_entre_Mxic_y_China
- https://diputadosmorena.org.mx/blog/2023/09/26/grupo-de-amistad-mexico-republica-popular-china-estrecha-cooperacion-comercial-con-el-comite-municipal-de-shanghai/
- https://diputadosmorena.org.mx/blog/2022/03/22/estrecha-camara-de-diputados-relacion-con-la-republica-popular-china-a-traves-de-la-instalacion-de-grupo-de-amistad/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In March 2011, the Parliamentary Friendship Group between China and Mexico was formally established. Since then, a series of meetings have been held between parliamentarians from both countries. Taking these facts into account, this indicator deserves the answer "yes."
- https://www.canaldelcongreso.gob.mx/noticias/15161/Instalan_Grupo_de_Amistad_Mxic-Repblica_Popular_China_en_Cmara_de_Diputados
- https://comunicacionsocial.diputados.gob.mx/index.php/boletines/grupo-de-amistad-mexico---china-se-reunio-con-el-instituto-de-administracion-publica-de-shanghai
- http://www5.diputados.gob.mx/index.php/camara/Grupo-de-Amistad-Mexico-China/Actas
- https://diputadosmorena.org.mx/instalan-en-la-camara-de-diputados-grupo-de-amistad-mexico-china/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence that Mexico receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the People’s Republic of China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There's evidence that proves that civil servants have been invited to take training from the Chinese Academy of Governance. The INAP (National Institute of Public Administration) is a Mexican educational organization that has the purpose to improve public governance. Recently, it has released a call for a Virtual Training on Public Governance. The training opened on May 10 and it closes on May 30, 2021. It is all paid by Chinese Ministry of Commerce, the Chinese Academy of Governance and China's National Institute for Public Administration. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few, significant" rating.
- https://cpds.training/
- https://inap.mx/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Programa-Seminario-Beijing-Completo.pdf
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cemx/esp/sgjs/t1497217.htm
- https://www.gob.mx/policiafederal/articulos/cuerpo-academico-y-funcionarios-de-la-academia-de-gobernacion-de-china-visitan-instalaciones-de-la-division-cientifica-de-la-policia-federal
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence that Mexican citizens have been detained in the People’s Republic of China for political reasons.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence that politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2013, Xi Jinping held a conversation with Mexican President Peña The Two Heads of State Announced Elevation of Sino-Mexican Relations to Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
My country’s official stance on the issue of Taiwan is that it follows the “One China Principle” of the People’s Republic of China, which asserts that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than its own “One China Policy”. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-estrecha-lazos-bilaterales-y-de-amistad-con-china
- https://www.ft.com/content/eeeca81e-9bd2-35f9-8a58-392c5d7fefc7
- https://spanish.xinhuanet.com/20240521/a7a962b757104007bd73c73495c5679e/c.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s territorial claim and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
- https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/04/dont-look-away-chinas-atrocities-against-uyghurs
- https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-xinjiang-uyghurs-muslims-repression-genocide-human-rights
- https://theconversation.com/how-an-independent-tribunal-came-to-rule-that-china-is-guilty-of-genocide-against-the-uyghurs-173604
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
Supplementary Notes
My government’s stance on the treatment, governance, or policy of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) towards the Tibet population is not clear. According to the United States Department of State, Mexico has not taken a clear stance on the issue of Tibet.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Silence
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be found of the Index country taking a definitive position regarding this Indicator. Therefore, the Index country has remained silent regarding the PRC’s ongoing repression in Hong Kong and the Indicator warrants a 2 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.