Indonesia
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Indonesia had a GDP per capita of US$3,870 and a total population of 276.36 million people, with the Chinese population comprising 7.6 million people, or 2.7% of the total population.
Indonesia established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1949. Relations were suspended in 1967 and resumed in 1990. Indonesia was ranked 117th in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Partly Free in Freedom House's 2020 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 59/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media52.3% / 30.1%
- Academia22.7% / 34%
- Economy54.5% / 33.6%
- Society18.2% / 23.6%
- Military45.5% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement52.3% / 30.2%
- Technology72.7% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics45.5% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy36.4% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The World Chinese Media network has 5 major key news publications: Ming Pao, Sin Chew Daily, China Press, Guang Ming Daily, and Nanyang Siang Pau. Among these major publications, only Sin Chew Daily has published, printed, and circulated content throughout the country. On a minor note, Media Chinese has over 30 magazine titles comprising various topics. Yazhou Zhoukan, a Hong Kong magazine publication, introduced magazine subscriptions in Indonesia. There are also media organizations that have collaborated with organizations belonging to the World Chinese Media (Harian Indonesia). The Yinhua Daily news is a part of the world Chinese media network. the Yinhua Dialy news is one of Indonesia’s widely circulated Chinese newspapers in Indonesia. However, in recent times its number of readers has been declining thus making it less of an influence.
- https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/3099572/why-indonesias-pro-beijing-chinese-newspapers-are-slow-decline
- https://worldchinesemedia.com/2015/05/12/56/
- https://www.mediachinesegroup.com/en/
- http://www.sinchew-i.com/indonesia/
- https://www.harian-indonesia.com/home
- https://www.yzzk.com/blogger/%E4%BD%99%E6%AD%8C%E6%BB%84
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia is one of the 26 international council members of the Belt Road News Alliance. Indonesia is a part of the council, with the Jakarta Post 印度尼西亚《雅加达邮报 as a part of the Belt Road News Alliance. Indonesian Journalist Association (Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia) is one of the founders of Belt and Road Journalists Network, but there is no proof that the alliance has managed to influence Indonesian journalists to write on certain topics in a way that is favorable to China.
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/10/what-is-the-belt-and-road-news-network/
- https://klikpapua.com/nasional/ketum-pwi-hadiri-forum-jurnalis-belt-and-road-initiative-2019-di-beijing.html
- http://en.industry.co.id/read/2742/pwi-slams-violence-of-chinese-apparatus-to-journalists-of-the-republic-of-korea
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
not only Indonesia but also many other countries has been invited to the PRC’s all expenses paid tour to china. Most recently, Indonesian journalist were invited as part of ASEAN Elites China Tour in 2019 to explore Xinjiang and to discover the regions development
- https://theprint.in/opinion/china-is-paying-foreign-journalists-including-from-india-to-report-from-beijing/154013/
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-persuaded-one-muslim-nation-to-keep-silent-on-xinjiang-camps-11576090976
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-02/28/c_137858202.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
China has worked to persuade clerics, politicians and journalists to support its policies in Xinjiang and courted social-media influencers to promote a more favorable view of China and showcase Islamic culture in the country, but no professional journalism training was mentioned.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
one of the media is China Radio International they have also collaborated with Radio Elshinta in hopes to encourage partnership between Indonesia and the PRC
- https://www.antaranews.com/berita/707015/radio-china-jadikan-3000-surat-pendengar-indonesia-sebagai-monumen
- https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/04/20/14104141/~Oase~Cakrawala?page=all
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The only company found to be partially owned by a Chinese business person is PT China Sonangol Media Investment (CMSI), a joint venture between one of Indonesia's media tycoon Surya Paloh’s Media Group and PT China Sonangol Land. However, the business caught into trouble and unable to pay its suppliers.
- https://www.world-today-news.com/china-sonangol-affected-by-pkpu-surya-paloh-owners-of-shares/
- https://www.idnfinancials.com/news/37081/acset-indonusa-proposes-pkpu-china-sonangol-media-investment
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, there are press statements that China's embassy issue that are published into news by local media.
- https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/24/china-supports-sanitation-in-west-java.html
- https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/04/14/insight-work-hand-in-hand-for-a-new-era-of-china-indonesia-friendship.html
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-persuaded-one-muslim-nation-to-keep-silent-on-xinjiang-camps-11576090976
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1652541.shtml
- https://mediaindonesia.com/opini/404625/ekonomi-tiongkok-membaik-prospek-cerah-kerja-sama-bilateral
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are formal periodical news/statements that are shared by China's embassy that the local newspapers published. There are indication that these news are endorsed, as there are limited news covering the situation of human rights, civil disobedience or political disturbance in China published by the same newspapers.
- https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/04/14/insight-work-hand-in-hand-for-a-new-era-of-china-indonesia-friendship.html
- https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/24/china-supports-sanitation-in-west-java.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1652541.shtml
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-persuaded-one-muslim-nation-to-keep-silent-on-xinjiang-camps-11576090976
- https://mediaindonesia.com/opini/307777/70-tahun-hubungan-indonesia-tiongkok
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Bayu Hermawan, a journalist for Indonesian newspaper Republika, traveled to Xinjiang on a Beijing-organized tour in February, and wrote articles that cited camp residents who said they weren’t given trials or were brought in for offenses like adhering to a Muslim diet. Mr. Hermawan received a WhatsApp message from a Chinese embassy employee in Jakarta, saying he was disappointed by the article because it had errors and didn’t focus on positive aspects of the trip, according to the message shown to The Wall Street Journal. Around that time, Republika’s website faced a distributed denial-of-service cyberattack, according to two employees, making the website slow to load and inaccessible from abroad. Fitriyan Zamzami, an editor at Republika, said IT workers traced the attack to accounts in places like Bulgaria and Ukraine; still, he said, the timing was suspicious.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are information about media experiencing cyber attack due to its negative publication on Uyghur, such as Republika
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The silence that the government has shown as well as Islamic organization has taken in regards to the issues in Xinjiang is due to the diverging views of the what is actually going on in Xinjiang. Some actors believe that there is no ‘concentration camp’ in Xinjiang and the people are simply provided training and some believe otherwise. More than a dozen top Indonesian religious leaders were taken to Xinjiang and visited re-education facilities. Tours for journalists and academics followed. Chinese authorities gave presentations on terrorist attacks by Uighurs and invited visitors to pray at local mosques. In the camps they visited classrooms where they were told students received training in everything from hotel management to animal husbandry.
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-persuaded-one-muslim-nation-to-keep-silent-on-xinjiang-camps-11576090976
- https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-50835364
- https://www.narasi.tv/buka-mata/tipu-daya-china-kepada-rombongan-indonesia-di-kamp-uighur
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
the arrival of China’s Tech giants in Indonesia has boosted the country’s progress towards digital economy. However due to the lack of skilled workers in the labour force to expand the digital economy, hence the establishment of research partnership with Indonesian universities
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As per 2020, there are 6 Confucius Institute in various regions of Indonesia. The presence of the institute has so far been successful, especially in approaching Islamic Institutions as language courses and Chinese culture exposure have been warmly welcomed in each institution. However, they were do not play such a significant role as some Indonesian university had already offered mandarin courses even before China’s Confucius Institute initiative. In 2011, Hasanuddin University in South Sulawesi collaborated with Nanchang University in China’s Jiangxi province to establish an institute , which actively carried out student exchange programs between Indonesia and China. It is reported that from 2011 to 2015, Hasanuddin University sent 2,000 students to China. Confucius Institutes have also been founded elsewhere, including at Maranatha Christian University in Bandung, Al-Azhar Indonesia University in Jakarta, Tanjungpura University in West Kalimantan, Surabaya State University in Surabaya, and Muhammadiyah Malang University in East Java.
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24761028.2018.1553227?needAccess=true
- http://repository.unesa.ac.id/sysop/files/2020-06-30_Makalah%2043%20Slamet.pdf
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/12/in-indonesia-confucius-institutes-struggle-to-dislodge-anti-chinese-sentiment/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The state/public schools in Indonesia have not formally plans to include Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education. Although such incentive has yet been discussed within Indonesian public schools, however in Indonesia there are many private schools that have already incorporated Mandarin as a foreign language since K12. In some cases, there are even private schools that uses Chinese as their main language of instruction.
- https://www.thinkchina.sg/chinese-language-alive-or-dying-indonesia
- https://chinalink.co.id/artikel/news/kelas-mandarin-gratis-
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been a few partnership between PRC networks and associations with Indonesia’s think tank and universities however there is not much. Considering the aim of the partnership is to enhance global understanding of Belt Road Initiatives as well as promote a positive attitude towards it, however, there has not been much indication as to how much influence the partnership has succeeded in achieving this
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The public Hasanuddin University (Unhas) began a collaboration with Nanchang University in 2011 and since then has become actively involved in promoting Chinese language and student exchanges to China. From 2011 to 2015, Unhas sent 2,000 students to China. The Unhas Confucius Institute is run by seven teachers in an off-campus building. It also operates a Chinese Corner on campus and helps Unhas conduct Chinese language study as an elective. The Unhas Confucius Institute routinely holds cultural events with the broader Chinese Indonesian community in Makassar and has expanded the program by facilitating the establishment of a Confucius Classroom at the Athirah Islamic school and setting up a Mandarin Language Tourism Training Centre (Pusat Kursus Bahasa Mandarin Pariwisata) at Udayana University, Bali. Its many efforts to develop Chinese language education won it an Individual Performance Excellence Award from the Chinese government in 2016, the only Indonesian university to receive one. However, there are only few universities received such funding support and have not shown any impact on Indonesia's position that generally see Chinese assertiveness in the South China Sea as a threat to its maritime sovereignity.
- http://ilmubudaya.unhas.ac.id/mandarin/en/about-us/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010000/https://unhas.ac.id/en/article/title/universitas-hasanuddin-and-shanghai-ocean-university-agreed-on-aquaculture-collaboration
- https://indonesiaatmelbourne.unimelb.edu.au/chinas-confucius-institutes-in-indonesia-walking-a-fine-line/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are several scheme of scholarship and programs offered by China for Indonesian experts. However, there is not yet article, nor database that state an that the participation of Indonesians academic of expert undertaking the scholars program change/influence Indonesian scholars' perception.
- https://international.ui.ac.id/archives/peking-university-china-student-exchange-program/
- https://lldikti8.ristekdikti.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Scan-ASEAN-China-Young-Leaders-Scholarship-Programme-ACYLS.pdf
- http://118.98.228.190/kerjasama/detail/45
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are scholars invited to take trips to have academic meetings, conferences or scholarly discussions. Those are interested to pursue higher degree are also offered scholarships to study in China. There are quite a number of scholarships provided by PRC government for Indonesians. As most Indonesian students would need financial assistance to study abroad, scholarships granted by the PRC government are attracting Indonesian students, making them flock to China. However, the scholarship provided by PRC government not yet publicly translated directly to positive attitude toward China.
- https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/indonesien/16770.pdf
- http://118.98.228.190/kerjasama/detail/45
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-persuaded-one-muslim-nation-to-keep-silent-on-xinjiang-camps-11576090976
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is not many Chinese students studying in Indonesia, as Indonesia’s higher education quality is not well-known for having a good reputation. Thus, it is highly unlikely for Chinese students to choose Indonesia as a destination for higher education. That said, there are no student groups in Indonesia that are connected to the Chinese Students and Scholars Association (CSSAs) nor had there been attempts of censorship from such affiliations. Most students groups affiliated with CSSA are established in western countries.
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/anderscorr/2017/06/04/ban-official-chinese-student-organizations-abroad/?sh=700d09d85bbc+
- https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/indonesien/16770.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no public record found on Indonesian scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC. There is, however, concerns in Indonesian of people from PRC arriving in Indonesia to work without proper visa and there is local demand to tighten visa applicants from China, this may impact tightening of granting visa for Indonesian to travel to China in the future.
- https://travel.tribunnews.com/2016/09/10/visa-tiongkok-biar-nggak-ditolak-inilah-hal-yang-wajib-kamu-tahu-sebelum-apply
- https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/indonesien/16770.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The rising Chinese influence, particularly in the economic sector has attracted schools in Indonesia to adopt mandarin as a mandatory secondary language, even in local community schools such in the case of Lamongan, Indonesia, where the local politician viewed that encouraging students to learn mandarin will attract Chinese investors to their city.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although in some topics the Indonesian government chose to abstain by staying silent. However, academics and scholars have been vocal in voicing their position and have presented their own take on what the government should have done instead of staying silent. As there are many discussions on Uyghur took place in university fora.
- https://www.suara.com/news/2019/12/23/221916/guru-besar-ui-soal-uighur-indonesia-bisa-intervensi-china-lewat-pbb?page=all+
- https://www.salam-online.com/2018/12/ungkap-fakta-pelanggaran-ham-atas-muslim-uighur-act-jitu-gelar-diskusi.html
- https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/pemerintah-indonesia-diminta-desak-china-lindungi-warga-uighur/4710323.html
- https://law.ui.ac.id/v3/diskusi-publik-tingkat-nasional-berjudul-konflik-uyghur-sebuah-upaya-meramu-titik-temu/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The PRC is Indonesia’s top trading partner followed by the US and japan consecutively
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia’s debt ratio in 2020 is at 39.4% with USD 206.5 Billion. However, the PRC does not constitute more than half of the nation’s sovereign debts
- https://www.bi.go.id/en/publikasi/ruang-media/news-release/Pages/sp_231321.aspx
- https://theconversation.com/growing-dependence-on-china-is-dangerous-for-indonesia-what-can-be-done-150372
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia Central Statistics Agency (BPS) noted that the largest export destination country for Indonesia in February 2020 was to China. The main commodities exported are iron/steel, coal and lignite. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) noted that China was the main destination for Indonesia's exports and imports. The trade figure between these two countries reached USD8,504 billion or equivalent to Rp119.056 trillion (USD1 is equivalent to Rp14,000). From data reported by BPS, on May 2021, the value of non-oil and gas exports in April 2021 carried out with China alone reached USD 3.9 billion. Followed by the United States (US), Japan and India which amounted to USD2.033 billion, USD1.323 billion and USD1.1 billion, respectively.
- https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20210315170448-4-230295/urusan-ekspor-impor-ri-tak-lepas-dari-china
- https://statistik.kemendag.go.id/balance-of-trade-with-trade-partner-country
- https://www.idxchannel.com/economics/china-jadi-negara-tujuan-utama-ekspor-impor-indonesia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
under the BRI Indonesia-PRC has joint various infrastructure projects. However only some infrastructure will be co-owned with the PRC such as the Jakarta-Bandung highspeed rail link that will be owned 40% by PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia joined the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) since 2014
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has not yet any report of such membership, but Indonesia and China established The Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Indonesia (INACHAM) that function to provide as a platform for business networking since 2015
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321726790_Review_of_The_Chinese_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_Indonesia-China_Cooperation_and_Future_Opportunities_for_Indonesia%27s_Port_Cities_Development/fulltext/5a2eaf9645851586af76858b/Review-of-The-Chinese-Belt-and-Road-Initiative-Indonesia-China-Cooperation-and-Future-Opportunities-for-Indonesias-Port-Cities-Development.pdf?origin=publication_detail
- http://www.inacham.com/about-inacham/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no indication of any sanctions imposed towards Indonesia by the PRC. The ban of Indonesia selling fisheries product in late 2020 was due to COVID-19 virus traces, instead of retaliation of Indonesia's strong position against China's action in the South China Sea.
- https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/09/20/090900226/ada-larangan-ekspor-ke-china-kadin-minta-eksportir-perikanan-tak-khawatir?page=all
- https://ekbis.sindonews.com/read/171984/34/produk-seafood-indonesia-diboikot-china-kkp-temuan-covid-bukan-di-ikan-1600697342
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no cases towards local businesses. However, Indonesian civilians instead demanded the Indonesian government to boycott Chinese products including the Winter Olympic 2022 that will be held in China. They also urged to government to speak up and not remain in silence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The FTA that Indonesia has signed is not a bilateral Agreement but instead a regional framework between ASEAN and the PRC
- http://www.gbgindonesia.com/en/main/business_guide/2016/indonesia_in_free_trade_agreements_11504.php#:~:text=Indonesia%20is%20a%20member%20of,ASEAN%20member%20states%20and%20China
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-11/22/c_139534248.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
To ensure investment and in support of China’s one belt on road initiative the government of Indonesia has developed several Special Economic Zones/business corridors. Indonesia provided four corridors in the BRI; in North Sumatra, North Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, and Bali Island.
- https://indonesiaexpat.id/business-property/government-channel-chinese-investment-special-economic-zone
- https://bplawyers.co.id/en/2020/03/30/list-of-special-economic-zones-in-indonesia/
- https://en.tempo.co/read/1199438/indonesia-china-discussing-kuala-tanjung-in-belt-and-road-summit
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As per mid-2021, PRC-connected entities have not requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts. Nevertheless, Indonesia’s increasing dependency on China has raised concerns regarding Indonesia’s ability to repay its debts in due time as seen in the cases of Sri Lanka. So far, Indonesia’s middle power position has enabled Indonesia to gain bargaining power in several of it’s infrastructure projects such as the Jakarta-Bandung high speed railway in which Indonesia managed to gain a lower interest rate and project sovereignty
- https://theconversation.com/growing-dependence-on-china-is-dangerous-for-indonesia-what-can-be-done-150372#:~:text=Indonesia's%20debt%20to%20China%20stood,failed%20to%20pay%20its%20loan
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzKL9sMCbeI&ab_channel=CSISIndonesia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Unfortunately, there are no groups in Indonesia that are affiliated with such views or regularly publicize issues on those matters. However, there is positive views on Taiwan in regards of its success in building its democracy and women's empowerment.
- http://berkas.dpr.go.id/puslit/files/info_singkat/Info%20Singkat-VIII-2-II-P3DI-Januari-2016-60.pdf
- https://mediaindonesia.com/opini/283672/taiwan-simbol-demokrasi-asia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no open statement or publication of any organization or individuals that are members of the United World Chinese Association in Indonesia. Indonesian members and member organizations are not presented in the public article.
- https://www.uwca-uob.net/indonesialeader
- https://www.perpit.or.id/en/news-indonesian-chinese-entrepreneur-association-representatives-went-to-hong-kong-to-attend-the-china-world-business-forum.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There have been cases where ACFTU and other organization such as ICEM Asia-Pacific created a collaborative workshop and training one of which was held in Indonesia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China Overseas Friendship Association and the Chinese Embassy in Indonesia were assisting the Indonesian government to carry out the protection work against the epidemic through Indonesian Chinese Entrepreneur Association. The Indonesian Chinese Entrepreneur Association also welcomed several visits from China Council for The Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT). Each year, the CCPIT also has groups and special events held in Indonesia.
- https://www.perpit.or.id/en/news-zhang-jinxiong--to-jointly-build-a-better-future-china-council-for-the-promotion-of-international-trade-visits-indonesian-chinese-entrepreneur-association.html
- https://www.perpit.or.id/en/news-indonesian-chinese-entrepreneur-association-receives-representatives-from-xiamen.html
- https://www.perpit.or.id/en/news-the-chinese-overseas-friendship-association-and-the-chinese-embassy-in-indonesia-donated-40-000-masks-and-2-000-pairs-of-protective-gloves-to-indonesian-chinese-entrepreneur-association.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are no PRC-connected professional associations (listed above) that are closely engaged with their counterparts. However, in regards to the art and writers association, there are respective organizations that promote these associations. The Indonesia China Art Association (ICAA) promotes Chinese and Indonesian artists. The Chinese Indonesian Writers’ Association also exists.
- https://www.artsy.net/article/iws-yansen-the-indonesia-china-art-association-icaa-is
- https://www.insideindonesia.org/crossing-the-finish-line
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia’s geographical location and condition which makes it prone to natural disaster in several occasions has led many foreign organizations including those from the PRC such as all-China women’s federation to donate relief fund and materials to Indonesia. In 2021's Ied holiday, Chinese Embassy also donated food and primary produces to the largest Islamic organisation in Indonesia, Nahdlatul Ulama.
- http://en.people.cn/200505/26/eng20050526_186889.html
- https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20210420/15/1383887/kedubes-china-salurkan-bantuan-sembako-ramadan-ke-pbnu
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese drama series and documentaries will be aired on Indonesia’s state-owned public television broadcaster for a period of two years. Chinese drama movies and documentaries will be dubbed in Bahasa Indonesia to promote friendlier cultural relations between the two countries. So far, it has not been indicated that the PRC has distributed entertainment-related hardware in Indonesia, but Chinese electronic products are widely known to be cheaper compared to those produced or assembled in Japan or the US. Indonesia’s is one of the biggest market of Chinese tv shows and drama, there has been several companies such as iQiYi that has partnered up with Indonesian media group MNC. Moreover, Tencent video has also joined the Indonesian market in partnership with Malaysian based streaming service iflix.
- https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20190710124813-37-83920/sederet-bukti-barang-china-semakin-banjiri-indonesia-raya
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/20/c_138721231.htm
- http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2020-01/20/content_75633725.htm
- https://kr-asia.com/chinese-and-american-entertainment-platforms-vie-for-screen-time-in-indonesia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Though there are no specific/notable instances of cultural products portraying the PRC in a negative light, the Indonesian film industry has had a history of portraying ethnic Chinese in a bad light. Furthermore, in media (though not necessarily through cultural products), the PRC is sometimes painted as both an opportunity and a threat to Indonesia.
- https://www.scmp.com/culture/film-tv/article/2144338/indonesian-films-often-show-ethnic-chinese-bad-light-filmmakers-are
- https://bjocs.site/index.php/bjocs/article/view/8
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China’s Embassy in Indonesia has supported tours of Indonesian social-media influencers to visit Chinese cities. This was a part of a broader effort to limit anti-China sentiment in Indonesia and expose Indonesians to Muslim life in China. The Indonesian influencers were paid a per diem of $500 and they were free to post whatever they liked. In regards of Uyghur, for months China has worked to persuade clerics, politicians and journalists to support its policies in Xinjiang and courted social-media influencers to promote a more favorable view of China and showcase Islamic culture in the country. However, there is no evidence that the program runs periodically.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been no indication of Indonesian local government publishing or sharing propaganda narrative from the PRC, except for the request of the Chinese Embassy in Jakarta to change the calling of China to Tiongkok (or Chungkuo) that was done in 2014. That said, the Indonesian government does not regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC. Although, in regards to many of the human rights abuse allegations taking place, the Indonesian government has not yet condemned the PRC, choosing not to take a stance on the matter.
- https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/03/19/1458446/Presiden.SBY.Ganti.Istilah.China.Menjadi.Tionghoa.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20170503010145/https://beritagar.id/artikel/tabik/mengapa-kini-disebut-tiongkok/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is mixed view. For those that perceived China negatively is influenced due to Indonesia’s increasing partnership with China primarily in relations to economics and politics. As the strategy used by the PRC to enhance their trade partnership with Indonesia is for their own domestic interest, this often causes people’s negative view towards the PRC. Moreover, several citizens that face economic hardship also view china negatively as they feel that China is using Indonesia’s thus causing economic hardship. However, data collected from the Indonesian National Survey Project (INSP) revealed that 77.3% of the respondents view China as an important and strategic partner to Indonesia and 90.1% of the respondents believe that have good ties with China will benefit Indonesia in the future.
- https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/pengaruh-china-besar-di-asia-termasuk-indonesia/5252330.html
- https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2017_89.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
aside from western countries, Indonesia has imported military supplies from the PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
most of Indonesian goods that are exported are foods, rubber, textile etc
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since 2005, there are talks for Indonesia to produce China's C-705 anti-ship missiles on the Indonesian island of Java. However, the talks have yet come to a realisation, as it was only to deter the US to cancel its embargo toward Indonesia that was imposed due to the internal conflict with East Timor in mid to end 1990s. However, the PRC and Indonesia conducted joint training and Indonesia procure Chinese weapon platforms, such as in 2021 the Indonesian Air Force's TNI-AU operates a fleet of six CH-4 UAVs.
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3132821/china-indonesia-hold-joint-naval-exercises-near-jakarta
- https://www.voanews.com/east-asia/indonesia-china-sign-missile-production-agreement
- https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesia-receives-first-batch-of-chinese-made-ar-2-missiles-for-its-ch-4-uavs
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1356788051162?journalCode=tstc20
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a strong desire from China to do so, but it is unlikely because Indonesia is contesting China's claim over Indonesia's North Natuna Sea and Indonesia is interested to build a military base in the mentioned water to watch over China's ship intrusion
- https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesia-begins-construction-of-submarine-base-in-south-china-sea
- https://theconversation.com/why-china-may-want-a-military-base-in-indonesia-and-why-indonesia-is-right-to-reject-the-idea-146209
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2021, the PLA have provided support for Indonesia to recover Indonesia’s sunken submarine KRI Nanggala 402
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesian Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto told his Chinese counterpart, Wei Fenghe (魏鳳和), that his country would not accept a request for a Chinese military base in the country, in 2020. Indonesia and PRC, however, hold joint military training but there is no rotationally deployed PLA military personnel in Indonesia.
- https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4006820
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3132821/china-indonesia-hold-joint-naval-exercises-near-jakarta
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, there are military visit and joint training, however, compared to countries such as the US', Australia's and Singapore's military education cooperation toward Indonesia, China’s military education partnership toward Indonesia is still behind.
- https://thediplomat.com/2018/07/whats-next-for-china-indonesia-military-ties/
- https://www.iseas.edu.sg/media/event-highlights/webinar-on-covid-19-and-indonesia-china-defence-relations-a-strategic-reset-in-the-making/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a commitment of collaboration in military education exchange between Indonesia and China, including peacekeeping training. However, there is a language barrier that Indonesian military personnel need to overcome, that is to learn Mandarin/Chinese language. Therefore, until now, there is high-level visit between the two countries, but not yet training.
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1872066.shtml
- https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2647777/militer-tiongkok-perkuat-kerjasama-dengan-tni
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is government minister that is the prominent person enabling Jakarta’s growing ties with Beijing, which impacted positively toward his own coal mining business.
- https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/24/07/2020/luhut-binsar-pandjaitan-prominent-enabler-behind-china-indonesia-relations
- https://www.ft.com/content/13abc614-dc2c-4d1f-a0d9-0275476c6df2
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1823221.shtml
- https://voi.id/en/news/26848/siap-siap-china-bakal-investasi-berbagai-sektor-di-indonesia-luhut-bakal-gunakan-tenaga-kerja-lokal
- https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-indonesia-stateless/2018/12/727d7a2d-coalruption-english-web.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
With the concern of South China Sea dispute, majority of Indonesian military personnel and higher rank officials tend to see PRC as threat due to its posturing and support toward illegal fisheries in Natuna Sea.
- https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/indonesien/16770.pdf
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/after-an-indonesian-submarine-sank-china-stepped-in-to-help-salvage-it-11621349148
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2021, the joint naval exercise between Indonesia and the PRC. The drills were part of PLA Navy’s annual training programme.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
To note, Mainland China and Hong Kong, though parts of the same country, because of the “One Country, Two Systems” principle, have entered into separate extradition treaties and agreements on surrenders with different countries. Indonesia currently maintains extradition treaties with both Mainland China and Hong Kong.
- https://www.oecd.org/site/adboecdanti-corruptioninitiative/39784142.pdf
- http://www.gd.jcy.gov.cn/jcyw/sfxz/flfgytyxd/201812/t20181212_2440091.shtml
- http://id.china-embassy.org/eng/gdxw/t1437094.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
YES (subject to the definition of anti-terrorism cooperation agreements). Though there is not a specific bilateral anti-terrorist cooperation agreement mentioned between the PRC and Indonesia, there have been moments of bilateral cooperation and consultations between the two countries. Furthermore, as members of larger intergovernmental organizations that have commitments to anti-terrorist efforts (APEC, United Nations, ASEM, etc.) the PRC and Indonesia can be considered to have entered into cooperation agreements on combatting terrorism, though not bilaterally.
- https://www.un.org/counterterrorism/international-legal-instruments
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1429771.shtml
- https://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2015/2015_aelm
- https://mesbar.org/chinas-cooperation-with-southeast-asian-countries-in-the-fight-against-terrorism/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia possesses a complex organized crime nexus. Though local ethnic Indonesians tend to dominate the organized crime industry, there appears to be, at least, an existent (if minor) presence of PRC-affiliated crime syndicates that partake in human and drug trafficking practices.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010000/https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/ChineseOrgCrime.pdf
- https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1449665/hong-kong-triads-using-indonesian-domestic-workers-smuggle-ice
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As per June 2021, there is no economic espionage targeting Indonesia's private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities. There is, however, report on how personal data of 2,100 Indonesians are obtained by Zhenhua Data company, based in Shenzhen, China, but it is unclear whether the data is obtained for economic espionage.
- https://tirto.id/data-2100-wni-jatuh-ke-tangan-perusahaan-cina-untuk-apa-f4Av
- https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-14/chinese-data-leak-linked-to-military-names-australians/12656668
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Though there are not many recorded/reported instances of PRC-initiated cyberattacks, ones that are reported are relatively significant – affecting major outcomes in Indonesia (e.g. elections, information on national security through attacks on ministries of foreign affairs, science, and technology). This PRC-initated gathering and manipulation of geo-political intelligence is significant to the interests of Indonesia.
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-12/indonesia-says-poll-under-attack-from-chinese-russian-hackers
- https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/07/world/asia/china-hacking-military-aria.html
- https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/07/chinese-hacking-group-naikon-reportedly-spying-on-asia-governments.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Insufficient information on Chinese organized crime syndicates does not provide proof that triads have ever threatened or used violence to punish Chinese dissidents in Indonesia. However, Indonesian government deport four Uyghur Muslims convicted in 2015 of terror-related offenses in Indonesia were deported in 2020 after the Chinese government paid the fines imposed on them.
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-uighurs-idUSKCN0PN1T820150713
- https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/indonesian/Indonesia-Uyghurs-10282020134706.html
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/deports-10232020190325.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia, to some extent, has received some surveillance technology systems from the PRC tech-firm giant Huawei (for purposes related to facial recognition, smart policing, etc.) although there is no report that the appliances have been utilised. There is a training given by Huawei to the staff of The Ministry of National Development Planning/Bappenas and the Directorate General of Immigration on ICT training to accelerate digital transformation in the government sector.
- https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/09/17/global-expansion-of-ai-surveillance-pub-79847
- https://techno.okezone.com/read/2021/03/25/16/2384018/huawei-gandeng-kementerian-bpn-bappenas-dan-ditjen-imigrasi-kembangkan-sdm-digital
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is not yet any PRC police force joint patrols with local law enforcement in Indonesia. However, Indonesia and the PRC have partaken joint naval drills near Jakarta. Additionally, to note, Indonesia has urged further joint patrols with China in the South China Sea.
- https://www.scmp.com/video/china/3132931/china-and-indonesia-conduct-joint-naval-drill-near-jakarta
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-30/indonesia-urges-peace-patrols-with-china-in-south-china-sea-iaao1wmc
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia has not detained an Indonesian citizen at the request of the PRC just for committing a crime involving issues regarding Hong Kong or Xinjiang as it is usual for citizen of Indonesia to conduct demonstration as part of their political rights.
- https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-uighur-muslims-detention-protest-jakarta-indonesia-ambassador-expelled-a8694111.html
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/indonesia-malaysia-protests-12272019153424.html
- https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-50867817
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There have been instances where Indonesia has deported both Chinese and Taiwanese citizens to the PRC for fraud-related charges (though at the objection of the Taiwanese government).
- https://apnews.com/article/4f200e21258c4aafa3e0a04fbd3ed93c
- https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/08/03/taiwan-protests-indonesia-deportations-of-suspects-to-china-.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As for foreign NGOs, organizations like the Human Rights Watch have condemned Indonesia’s deportation of Uighurs back to China. Furthermore, depending on the definition of politicians (whether it be local Indonesian politicians or foreign politicians as well), the Taiwanese government has expressed concern regarding Indonesia’s deportation of Taiwanese to the PRC.
- https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3107868/indonesia-deported-three-uygurs-china-pompeo-visit-security
- https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/08/03/taiwan-protests-indonesia-deportations-of-suspects-to-china-.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China Telecom Global has branches in 42 countries one of which is in Indonesia
- https://www.ctamericas.com/company/history/
- https://www.ctamericas.com/china-telecom-connecting-countries-across-apg/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Companies such as Huawei as well as ZTE in partnership with TelKom Indonesia have begun development to introduce 5G in Indonesia
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Huawei-crackdown/Huawei-s-5G-deal-with-Indonesia-spearheads-Southeast-Asia-push
- https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2019/06/29/14411517/telkom-dan-zte-kerja-sama-pengembangan-5g-di-indonesia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia’s digital transformation has attracted many Chinese tech companies to invest in Indonesia’s digital technology industry this includes contributing in developing the country’s internet network infrastructure
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-04-12/China-s-Tencent-Cloud-launches-first-data-center-in-Indonesia-Zpdr74CfhS/index.html
- https://www.cissrec.org/news/detail/890/China-Indonesia-boost-cooperation-on-cyber-security-and-technology.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As Indonesia aims to diversify their sources of defence equipment, due to past trauma of 1990s Western group arms embargo following Indonesia's represive action Timor Leste and also the concern that similar case would reoccur, the country would not only rely on Western countries defence equipment, thus the PRC is one of Indonesia’s defence suppliers.
- https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2020/3/9/china-chipping-away-at-the-wests-defense-market-share
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-12/trump-threat-spurred-indonesia-to-drop-russia-china-arms-deals
- https://aceh.tribunnews.com/2020/08/20/terbongkar-indonesia-sedang-negosiasi-dengan-china-untuk-beli-kapal-perang-rudalnya-sudah-dipesan
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although there has yet any collaboration on biometrics, PRC-connected business Huawei is quite prominent in Indonesia, including to realise the plan of Indonesia digital blueprint 2020-2045. Indonesia is planning to roll out One Data System to enable the implementation of data accessibility between government agencies and to encourage transparency and accountability within the government itself, enabling the creation of more targeted policies and improving public services. Performing this intensive analytics requires the use of the latest and most advanced technologies, such as cloud-based solutions developed by Huawei.
- https://pressrelease.kontan.co.id/release/huawei-perkokoh-komitmennya-dukung-satu-data-indonesia?page=all
- https://www.merdeka.com/teknologi/huawei-bantu-pemerintah-tingkatkan-kualitas-sdm-satu-data-indonesia.html?page=1
- https://www.cloudcomputing.id/berita/intelligent-twins-arsitektur-sistematik-huawei-indonesia
- https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/10/13/bppt-huawei-team-up-to-develop-ai-cloud-and-5g.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia plan to develop 100 smart-city in various regions of the country. one of the development is a collaboration between PT. PINS Indonesia and Huawei Tech Investments that intends to develop a smart city in Bandung
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia financial institutions do not use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system. Indonesian Central Bank has refined the National Clearing System (SKNBI) in order to minimise credit risk in terms of debit clearing.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia’s tech boom have attracted Chinese venture capital investors to seek investment in Indonesia, especially considering that Indonesia already boast the largest number of billion-dollar start-ups in southeast Asia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia has signed an MOU to develop capacity building for internet security and technology cooperation that includes A.I, Cloud Computing, and 5G networks
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia’s top 5 social media apps are Youtube, Facebook Instagram, Twitter and TikTok (the last one is from China). Meanwhile, for messaging apps, the top apps are Whatsapp, Facebook Messager and Snapchat
- https://digital-business-lab.com/2020/11/%E2%91%A1-social-media-penetration-in-indonesia-research/#:~:text=The%20internet%20penetration%20rate%20is,penetration%20rates%20(M%C3%BCller%202020)
- https://www.statista.com/statistics/1168819/indonesia-social-media-platforms-used-daily/
- https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-indonesia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although Beidou is available in Indonesia as well as other ASEAN countries, but Indonesia had not explicitly collaborated with the PRC in endorsing the use of the navigation system. During the ASEAN-China 17th Forum, only Thailand, Cambodia and the Philippines took part in signing a cooperation agreement with China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
as the PRC is one of Indonesia’s major economic partner. Both Chinese government as well as state owned enterprise has begun major development projects in various regions in Indonesia
- https://www.borneonews.co.id/berita/149277-bumn-china-investasi-rp-120-triliun-di-kek-palu
- https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter-Gammeltoft/publication/264837979_Chinese_foreign_direct_investment_in_Indonesia_Trends_drivers_and_impacts/links/5756c8f808ae05c1ec168f43/Chinese-foreign-direct-investment-in-Indonesia-Trends-drivers-and-impacts.pdf?origin=publication_detail+
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are 5 provinces that have established town twinning of sister cities with those in the PRC. However, there has been research that indicated these sister cities has not been efficiently carried out primarily due to the lack of clear standards and timeline of execution
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
as one of Indonesia’s biggest trading partner, the PRC government often invite and provide an all-expenses paid invitation to Indonesian politicians to visit PRC to conduct training and idea exchanges with PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As Indonesia’s partnership with the PRC is not only within the economic sector but also has branched out to military and even cultural, meetings between politicians or ministers of each respective country is common. As evident with the ministry of defence recent meeting, through the meeting the ministers discussed possible threats and mitigation efforts that could be taken in times of COVID. More recently, Indonesia needs vaccines, health support to counter the pandemic and China has been a reliable partner. China also one of the countries that remain strong despite the pandemic, hence one of the ways for Indonesia post-pandemic economic rebuilding is through intensifying cooperation with China.
- https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200909192026-4-185653/prabowo-buka-bukaan-soal-pertemuan-dengan-menhan-china
- https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/06/09/083730626/koordinator-kerja-sama-panggilan-resmi-pemerintah-china-untuk-luhut?page=all
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been cases of joint training such as Indonesian police training in the PRC to learn how to handle issues of cybercrime. Considering Indonesia’s upcoming industrial revolution and china’s being one of the most technologically advanced nations, this training will provide a lot of insights for Indonesian officers in preparing for Indonesia’s rising tech era
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There have been no indication of politicians receiving campaign donations from the PRC. However, there has been cases where the alliance of Indonesian Chinese businessman donating campaign funds to Indonesian politicians and even gifts. However, these are Indonesian Chinese that have long lived in Indonesia and are nationals of Indonesia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There seems little information on the activities of UFWD in Indonesia and it seems a strategy to do so due to the majority of Indonesian's doubts about the loyalty of ethnic Chinese to the Indonesian state. See, Greta Nabbs-Keller, "The contending domestic and international imperatives of Indonesia’s China challenge", in Australian Journal of Defence and Strategic Studies, Volume 2, Number 2 (2020)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There seems little information on the activities of UFWD in Indonesia and it seems a strategy to do so due to the majority of Indonesian's doubts about the loyalty of ethnic Chinese to the Indonesian state. See, Greta Nabbs-Keller, "The contending domestic and international imperatives of Indonesia’s China challenge", in Australian Journal of Defence and Strategic Studies, Volume 2, Number 2 (2020)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
to some extent, Indonesian politicians have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government particularly in the past years with the rising number of development projects between Indonesia and the PRC. These projects have made Indonesia and the PRC’s relation even closer. However, regarding sensitive issues in China such as the situation in Xinjiang and Uyghur Muslim, several politicians have shown their concern and condemned the PRC for their acts
- https://www.jpnn.com/partner/uc_browser/758058/dpr-kecam-sikap-diskriminatif-pemerintah-tiongkok?uc_news_item_id=891763329415814&app=h5_card
- https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20210607122635-17-251050/erick-kawinkan-bumn-ri-dengan-bumn-china-garap-infrastruktur
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1881771.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a case of local police chief in Ketapang District, West Kalimantan found colluding with China in allowing Chinese Foreign Workers into the area, but there are no other cases revealed. Link pp. 99-100
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
however there are Chinese Private security services that has begun conducting field research in efforts to establish an office branch in Indonesia sometime in the future
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no formal committee groups between Indonesia and China. However, with the pandemic, collaboration between the two nations has further been strengthened for their efforts to mitigate the pandemic and vaccination distribution with members of parliaments pushing for closer ties.
- https://www.dpr.go.id/en/berita/detail/id/30196/t/House%2C+Govt+Concur+on+Urging+Global+Cooperation+in+Handling+the+Pandemic
- https://www.dpr.go.id/berita/detail/id/30963/t/GKSB+DPR+Dorong+Penguatan+Kerja+Sama+Indonesia+dengan+Tiongkok
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Considering the number of collaboration that Indonesia has with PRC especially in areas of economic development, there has been many occasions where members of political parties from the house of representatives met with representatives from the PRC. Even during times of pandemic, members of the house of representatives still conducted virtual meetings with representatives of the PRC in alternative to the travel restrictions. In June 2021, China-Indonesia high-level dialogue cooperation mechanism was held, meeting Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, Indonesian president's special envoy and Indonesia's coordinator for cooperation with China.
- https://www.dpr.go.id/en/berita/detail/id/31031/t/Puan+Maharani+Ajak+Parlemen+Tiongkok+Teruskan+Kerja+Sama+Pemulihan+Dampak+Covid-19
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/06/c_139991980.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There has been evident of training provided by the PRC for Indonesian diplomats but only a few trainings have been conducted, however, these trainings have yet had significant outcome, but only a way of such discovering the similarities and difference in regards to the management of civil servants between the two countries. The journal article attached mentioned that Indonesian diplomats and foreign policy experts are still see China as presenting a degree of threat rather than opportunity.
- http://www.sdx.sh.cn/html/home/news/105171.html
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09512748.2020.1851293
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As Indonesia’s visions are aligned with those of China such as Indonesia’s aspiration to establish Indonesia as the world’s maritime fulcrum that are congruent with China’s intention to build a new maritime silk road. This common interest led the two nations to develop a mutually beneficial partnership. Moreover, US failure to execute TPP further strengthened Indonesia-China economic ties. There is also news that the Minister of Defense (Menhan) Prabowo Subianto asked the public not to go too far over the findings of underwater drones in Selayar waters, Selayar Regency, South Sulawesi which allegedly belonged to China. However, there is no direct visible pressure has been conveyed.
- https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/11/13/president-jokowi-and-ri-china-relations.html
- https://voi.id/en/news/25104/begini-respon-prabowo-subianto-soal-temuan-drone-china-di-perairan-indonesia
- https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/12/16/prabowo-kicks-off-first-china-working-trip-to-discuss-defense-with-beijing.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1846201.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia and China have good relations in terms of extradition of criminals. There is no trace of hostage diplomacy in the public news too.
- https://www.oecd.org/site/adboecdanti-corruptioninitiative/39784142.pdf
- https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3107868/indonesia-deported-three-uygurs-china-pompeo-visit-security
- https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/08/01/indonesia-to-deport-153-chinese-for-450-million-scam.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Taiwanese government has called on the Indonesian government for support, but there has been no indication of support from the Indonesian government regarding Taiwan’s meaningful participation in the WHO. There is a clear indication that Indonesia's one China policy has positioned itself to be passive in supporting Taiwan's WHO membership.
- https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/g-7-countries-back-taiwans-observer-status-world-health-assembly
- http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2021/05-23/9483804.shtm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no public statement from the Indonesian government to openly support PRC’s leadership in UN Agencies. The extends of support is that Indonesia and China co-hosting meeting on UN peacekeeping together on Triangular Formula Meeting on Training, Capacity Building, Safety and Security, and Performance of UN Peacekeeping at the UN's headquarters in New York, 2019. There is, however, Indonesia's concern toward PRC claims on the South China Sea and in the UN fora, state its position based on UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which is not in line with China's claim.
- https://www.reuters.com/article/un-assembly-indonesia-idUSKCN26E0GP
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/indonesia-southchinasea-05282020190946.html
- https://www.chinadailyhk.com/articles/94/55/250/1554102521661.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Oppose
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia oppose China’s claim as Indonesia had taken the initiative to be the one that submitted the Note Verbale to the UN contesting the validity and legality of China’s claim. Moreover, Indonesia’s constant active participation as mediator shows Indonesia’s opposition of these claims
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although many Indonesian civilian has shown solidarity with the Uyghur population, particularly Indonesia’s Muslim community. However, the government of Indonesia has remained silence in their stance.
- https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/01/31/indonesias-silence-over-xinjiang
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-persuaded-one-muslim-nation-to-keep-silent-on-xinjiang-camps-11576090976
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Indonesian government has remained silent on PRC’s treatment of its Tibetan population and its Xinjiang policies. However there are citizens that are vocal condems China’s acts, such public figure such as Indonesia’s Cardinal Ignatius Suharyo Harjoatmodjo has called out China publicly for the various human rights abuses in Xinjiang.
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/2020-edition-which-countries-are-for-or-against-chinas-xinjiang-policies/
- https://www.ucanews.com/news/vatican-silent-as-tibetans-are-forced-into-concentration-camps/89673#
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Indonesia remained silent on their stance on China’s imposition of the National Security Law in Hongkong as evident from the 44th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council during which Indonesia did not voted.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.