Pakistan
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 1 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 274 / 380 | - |
May 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 1 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 78 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 68 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 0 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 2 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 75 % | - |
In 2023, Pakistan had a GDP per capita of US$1,407 and a total population of 245.67 million people.
Pakistan established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1951. Pakistan was ranked 152nd in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Partly Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 35/100.
Key Takeaways
- Pakistan and China have a deep strategic relationship in the Domains of economy, technology, military and foreign policy.
- Pakistan's pivot away from the US has given China huge leverage over Islamabad. Pakistan depends on Chinese support to keep its economy afloat and for military hardware.
- In the region, the two country's have a united stance against their common rival, India. On the global stage, the two countries back each other against US policies. The convergence of interests forces the two government's to overlook human rights abuses in their respective countries.
- Ties are often secretive and deals are non-transparent; the relationship calls into question the long-term sustainability and benefits to the Pakistani nation.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a "completely influenced" level of 100%. The percentages express the country's score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The main Chinese media outlets are registered and active in Pakistan. However, we could find only one relatively insignifant digital platform that belongs to World Chinese Media.
- https://www.wionews.com/world/china-vying-to-control-pakistani-media-with-the-help-of-proposed-nerve-centre-us-report-642774
- https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/china-seeks-to-gain-control-over-pakistani-media-us-state-department-report-101696471701416.html
Supplementary Notes
PRC has these media outlets registered and working in Pakistan: China Central Television, China Global Television, China Radio International, Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily, China Economic Daily
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Media Forum is active in promoting positive image of PRC in Pakistan
- https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1140347-cpec-media-forum-vows-to-counter-disinformation-collectively;
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/12/21/cpec-balochistan-forum-to-equip-journalists-in-under-developed-areas/
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160791X19301836
- https://cpecinfo.com/chinese-consulate-in-karachi-honours-pakistani-journalists/
Supplementary Notes
CPEC Media Forum
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Over the years, the Chinese embassy and officials have taken Pakistani journalists on tours to cities and provinces in PRC to help paint a positive image of the progress and development there.
- https://english.news.cn/20231003/49928905aa8b46c99176f7b49aa10fd0/c.html
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202305/1291691.shtml
Supplementary Notes
Pakistan Federation of Union of Journalists
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Capacity building trainings of journalists funded by PRC have taken place in Pakistan, China and virtually.
- https://www.app.com.pk/global/china-media-group-organizes-seminar-on-cpec-construction-chinese-style-modernization/
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2277757/media-an-engine-for-cpec-development;
- https://www.cipgtraining.org/index.php?s=/Article/articleInfo/article_id/546.html
- http://m2.people.cn/news/default.html?s=M18zXzIwMzgyMzM0XzIzXzE2NzA1NjczMjQ=&from=sohu
- https://www.nrta.gov.cn/art/2021/8/17/art_3576_57563.html
- https://www.cipgtraining.org/index.php?s=/Article/articleInfo/article_id/440.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China Radio International broadcasts directly into Pakistan in Urdu on MW. Xinhua has also launched services in about a dozen languages, including Urdu. Both are central to PRC state-media.
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are laws in Pakistan against foreign ownership of broadcast media. In any case, Pakistani media is generally strategically aligned with PRC so there's little value in owning local media, wholly or in part.
Supplementary Notes
No evidence found of direct Chinese ownership of media outlets.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the last few years,leading Pakistani media houses and outlets—including the Jang Group, the Daily Pakistan, Nawa-i-Waqt, the Associated Press of Pakistan, the Daily Times, Hum News, and Pakistan Today—have signed on to Xinhua’s subscription services. Furthermore, the China Daily has placed its newsfeed prominently on Dawn’s homepage.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It's not unusual for govt/private stakeholders in CPEC to place media ads promoting the apparent success or cooperation between Pakistan and China, esp on national holidays or to celebrate 10 years of BRI investments in Pakistan.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Because of an ongoing strategic alignment and willingness to work with PRC, overt coercion or pressure isn't observed.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, this is true for media -as well as govt , diplomatic, military and economic ties.
- https://www.arabnews.com/node/2348846/pakistan
- https://www.eurasiareview.com/27032023-china-pakistan-special-relationship-an-alliance-changing-geopolitical-picture-of-asia-analysis/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Prominent Pakistani media personalities understand the strategic significance of Pak-China ties. They generally refrain from criticism of the PRC's actions and policies. Few however sometimes try to defend PRC or deny alleged HR abuses.
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/12/14/journalists-visiting-xinjiang-say-uyghur-muslims-enjoy-freedom-prosperity/
- https://www.dawn.com/news/1571363
- https://www.dawn.com/news/1819915
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China is advancing collaboration in Pakistan's higher education across the country. It involves thousands of students in many universities. It is therefore significant.
- https://gwadarpro.pk/1688788608872869890/pakistan-china-advancing-collaboration-in-higher-education
- https://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CS/haina.asp
Supplementary Notes
- https://cscp.edu.pk/2021/01/31/exploring-academic-collaboration-with-chinese-universities-under-cpec/
- https://pakistanintheworld.pk/live/a-consortium-of-pakistan-china-research-centres-proposed/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Pakistan there are five major Confucius schools operating including the ones in National University of Modern Languages (NUML), University of Sargodha, University of Punjab, University of Agriculture and University of Karachi. Around thirty thousand students in these institutes are learning the Chinese language.
Supplementary Notes
- https://www.nation.com.pk/17-Jul-2023/confucius-institutes-in-pakistan-to-spread-chinese-culture
- http://english.scio.gov.cn/internationalexchanges/2021-03/19/content_77327563.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the early days of BRI, there was a lot of interest on the Pakistani side to introduce Chinese language classes in schools and colleges. But the enthusiasum appears to have fizzled out due to challenges of governance and capacity issues. Today, some private schools promoting Chinese language learning. But most govt schools do not offer foreign languages. Pakistan currently has one of the highest number of out of school children.
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/28/c_138345891.htm
- http://english.scio.gov.cn/internationalexchanges/2021-03/19/content_77327563.htm
Supplementary Notes
Link.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NUST University in Islamabad is a member of the "University Alliance of the Silk Road". Examples of Islamabad-based think tanks advocating stronger ties with the PRC include: Pakistan-China Institute and The China Study Center, SDPI.
- https://issi.org.pk/report-1st-pakistan-china-think-tank-forum-evolving-regional-situation-and-pakistan-china-cooperation/
- http://uasr.xjtu.edu.cn/About_UASR/Members.htm
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan today owes 30 per cent of its foreign debt to China, acc to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). China has invested in virtually every segment of the economy. To safe-guard its investments it must also invest media, research and think-tanks to help create a favorable intellectual capital. So, while there is no open-source evidence available of Chinese funding of think tanks in Pakistan, we have seen mushrooming of China experts in Pakistan who visit China regularly, have great access to Chinese diplomats and they champion PRC's view points and interests in Pakistan. None of this would be possible without the Chinese money. Pakistan is too cash-strapped to fund such activities.
- http://pk.china-embassy.gov.cn/zbgx/wenhuafuwu/202311/t20231122_11185000.htm.
- https://issi.org.pk/report-1st-pakistan-china-think-tank-forum-evolving-regional-situation-and-pakistan-china-cooperation
- http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2019/0810/c1002-31286935.html
Supplementary Notes
- https://issi.org.pk/press-release-2nd-pakistan-china-think-tank-dialogue/
- https://www.southasiainvestor.com/2019/05/growing-china-pakistan-collaboration-in.html
- https://uasr.xjtu.edu.cn/About_UASR/Members.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not much information available on the Pakistani side. However, Chinese sources show that the Chinese Government Friendship Award is one of the overseas High-Level Talent Recruitment Programs. The recipients of the prizes in 2014, 2021, and 2022 were Professors Atta-ur Rahman, Manzoor Hussain Soomro, and M. Iqbal Choudhary.
- http://pk.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/zbgx/202211/t20221129_10982911.htm
- https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/scholarshipsgrants/lao/CSC/Pages/default.aspx
- https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-01/12/content_5468443.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Both countries seek to enhance educational cooperation. The Chinese Scholarship Council/Govt. of China offers Pakistani scholars opportunities to study and conduct research in Chinese Universities. On the Pakistani side, the Higher Education Commission of Govt. of Pakistan nominates individuals for these scholarships.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No such observation available.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No such reported cases.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Unlikely, because Pakistani schools do not really focus much on East Asian history.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Discussion over these issues is avoided because the country as a whole is increasingly dependent on China and doesn't want to upset Beijing. Pro-China experts tend to whitewash HR abuses in China. However, most Pakistanis would be forgiven for not knowing much about PRC's stance on Taiwan and Hong Kong. Islamist and right-wing institutions like to champion the cause of Muslims the world over, except in China.
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/06/22/experts-hail-chinas-modernization-model-of-xinjiang-respect-for-other-countries-integrity/
- https://ppinewsagency.com/islamabad-book-launch-celebrates-cultural-ties-and-debunks-stereotypes-about-uyghurs-in-xinjiang/
Supplementary Notes
These are generally treated as China's internal matters, esp in govt universities and state-controlled private media. However of late, there seems to be a planned effort by PRC to enlist Pakistani writers and scholars to paint Xinjiang in a positive light.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China is Pakistan's 2nd biggest trading partner after the US
- https://www.brecorder.com/news/40277681
- https://www.worldstopexports.com/pakistans-top-import-partners/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China and Chinese commercial banks held about 30% of Pakistan's total external debt of about $100 billion
- http://www.cadtm.org/Pakistan-s-debt-from-China-becomes-burden-as-CPEC-does-not-generate-enough
- https://cpecwire.com/analysis/china-pakistan-economic-corridor-what-is-cpec-faq
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PRC-linked entities have invested heavily in copper and gold mines in Balochistan province & Coal in the desert region of Thar in Sindh province.
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PRC has multibillion dollar investment in Pakistan's Gwader Port, power plants, coal mines, copper and gold extraction, etc.
Supplementary Notes
Chinese trade and industrial concerns are operating throughout the country, with joint and wholly-owned interests in textile factories, cement plants, power producers, steel mills, housing projects and telecommunication concerns, the Pakistan-China Joint Chamber of Commerce and Industry’s (PCJCCI) website shows.\nExamples: Gwadar Sea Port and Thar Coal power project
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan is an approved member of AIIB's Second Resilient Institutions for Sustainable Economy (RISE-II) Development Policy Financing
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Major Pakistani businesses have partnered with PRC entities for Belt and Road projects. Board of Investment (Prime Minister’s Office) (BOI) is a member of the Belt & Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance (BRICA). The Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FPCCI) is part of the Belt and Road Global Forum.
- https://www.bricaistanbul.com/overview/brica-members/
- http://dev.srcic.com/news/experts-call-for-greater-cooperation-under-china-proposed-bri
- https://www.beltandroadglobalforum.com/tc/member/forum?field_country_target_id=All&field_nature_of_business_target_id=All&combine=&page=14
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Both countries interested in putting in place low cost, high vitality, clearing arrangements for financial transactions
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No publically avialable evidence to suggest coercion.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, in Dec 2023, both govts agreed to revise their existing free trade agreement to provide trade finance in yuan and offer loans for relocation of Chinese firms in Pakistan.
- https://www.commerce.gov.pk/about-us/trade-agreements/pak-china-free-trade-agreement-in-goods-investment/;
- https://www.dawn.com/news/1797179
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, special economic zones are an important aspect of Phase 2 of CPEC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China rolled over $2 bln loan to Pakistan in 2023 (different from debt restructuring); It is expected to make the request again in 2024 due to its liquidity crisis
- https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/10/17/exclusive-china-tells-banks-to-roll-over-local-government-debts-as-risks-mount-sources/;
- https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/china-rolls-over-2-bln-loan-pakistan-finance-minister-2023-03-31/
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PRC affliated groups usually do not lobby on this issues in Pakistan. Despite lacking an association such as the Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China, there are small and insignificant Chinese organizations in Pakistan that consistently support and mirror the PRC's position on matters pertaining to Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet, and Xinjiang.
- https://bj.crntt.com/crn-webapp/touch/detail.jsp?coluid=7&kindid=0&docid=106700802
- http://pk.china-embassy.gov.cn/zbgx/202208/t20220811_10741263.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
United World Chinese Association isn't well known or active in Pakistan.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No such activity publically reported.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese diaspora usually keep a low public profile due to security threats. Still, the Chinese Embassy in Pakistan has launched a series of activities to celebrate the “Happy Chinese New Year-2024 as Year of the Dragon”.
- http://english.scio.gov.cn/m/internationalexchanges/2024-01/23/content_116958621.htm
- https://cpecinfo.com/chinese-new-year-grand-celebrations-kicked-off-in-pakistan
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Two countries have signed the ""Belt and Road"" News Exchange and Cooperation Agreement. Pakistan Academy of Letters is a member of the Literary Network of the Belt and Road which hosted by China Writers Association. Additionally, the group co-organized the Pakistan-China Literary Forum in collaboration with the China Writers Association, the Chinese Embassy in Pakistan, and the Pakistani Embassy in China. All-China Women's Federation and All Pakistan Women's Association have held China-Pakistan Women's Forum."
- https://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2021/0526/c403993-32113319.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240226210643/https://brliterature.com/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B/
- https://web.archive.org/web/2024022621071
- https://brliterature.com/members-profile-zh/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese organizations build “caring homes” for poor children in Pakistan.
- https://www.chinaqw.com/hqhr/2023/05-30/358751.shtml
- http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.news.cn/world/2023-06/02/c_1129665445.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese entertainment content isn't really popular in Pakistan, perhaps due to the language or cultural barriers. Efforts were made for collaboration in film and tv drama a few years ago, but it wasn't entirely successful.
- http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2018-11/04/content_69450390.htm
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-silkroad-pakistan-softpower-idUSKCN1VW0LJ/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Except for TikTok, Chinese messaging Apps like WeChat aren't really popular in Pakistan. TikTok is third on the appfigures and Snapchat ranks fifth. And Snapchat on the Sensor Tower's fifth floor.
- https://www.similarweb.com/top-apps/apple/albania/
- https://appfigures.com/top-apps/ios-app-store/pakistan/iphone/top-overall
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Public events relatively restricted due to security threats. Over the last few years, these events were held virtually/ online or inside the embassy security.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not much open source material available on this
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan generally have a favourable view of China and its govt because of state to state relations. An exception to this may be the sparsely populated south-western province of Balochistan, where separatists denounce PRC's investment in infrastructure and mining projects. Pakistanis generally do not feel culturally close to China. The relationship is more political, economic and transactional.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PRC is Pakistan's main defense supplier, from fighetr jets to missiles and other military hardware. The Chinese police also provide training and technical facilities including modern weapons to police in Pakistani provinces.
- https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/china-helped-build-pakistans-military-these-five-weapons-199357
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2361207/pakistan-china-vow-to-step-up-defence-cooperation-despite-challenges
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/09/28/punjab-police-being-upgraded-with-mechanism-tech-of-chinese-police-igp
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202401/1305570.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China and Pakistan have ongoing cooperation on security and counter-terrorism. It has been expanded to include Afghanistan and Iran. Pakistan is a member of SCO and backs China's proposed Global Security Initiative (GSI)
- https://english.news.cn/20230507/c14fff0ef5ff40afb3903864c72cc688/c.html
- https://english.news.cn/20230705/f1484bd7abe44ee6b62c47c449f56d23/c.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan and China's defense ties are deep and they go back decades. The two countries cooperate in the production and transfer of tanks, missiles, aircrafts and other military equipment.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Reports of China's interest in developing a base in the port city of Gwadar are not new. Ties between the two militaries stretch back years, with their navies and air forces holding bilateral exercises in each other's territory.
- https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/china-seeks-new-fields-cooperation-with-pakistan-military-2023-05-08/;
- https://docs.aiddata.org/reports/harboring-global-ambitions/Harboring_Global_Ambitions.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) dispatched emergency humanitarian supplies to flood-hit Pakistan in 2022. During COVID-19, PLA provided vaccines to Pakistan Army. Pakistan also provides disaster relief to China.
- https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/chinas-pla-provides-covid-19-vaccines-to-pakistan-army/articleshow/80735675.cms?from=mdr;
- https://diplomaticfocus.org/china-deploys-y-20-plane-on-emergency-delivery-mission-to-pakistan/
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
Skip
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not enough publically information available on this.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan and China have a deep military to military cooperation. They regularly hold joint exercises and drills. Pakistan law enforcement officers have been trained by the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Highest level meetings between PLA and Pakistan's civil-military leaders are not uncommon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
Skip
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not enough info available to substantiate this. The army effectively leads Pakistan's strategic ties with PRC. The deals and negotiations are often secretive and not subject to parliamentary or media scrutiny. Pakistani generals are known to have enriched themselves. Given the strategic alliance and growing dependence on China, it would not be surprising if serving and retired commanders have received personal benefits and rewards from the PRC or its entities. However, in the absence of proof, this would be a speculation.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan and China call themselves ALL-weather strategic allies and routinely reiterate their "iron-clad" friendly ties.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, routinely
- https://www.defensenews.com/training-sim/2023/11/17/china-pakistan-wrap-up-naval-drill-featuring-sub-high-tech-destroyer
- https://pakobserver.net/pak-china-military-ties/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan approved extradition treaty with China in 2018
- https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/pak-approves-extradition-treaties-with-china-saudi-arabia-118032900451_1.html
- https://www.dawn.com/news/84923/pakistan-china-agree-to-sign-extradition-treaty
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan and China enjoy a robust relationship in defence and security areas. They have a long running cooperation against terrorism.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There were some incidents of Chinese nationals involved in bank fraud and alleged trafficking of women, but no reported presence of high level orginased crime (TRIAD) in Pakistran.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not really, given the tight state to state relations between the two sides.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Seminars and exchange visists have taken place to enhance cooperation in judicial and legal matters. But it doesn't seem signifant because Pakistani criminal justice system is derived from the British and Islamic law.
- https://english.court.gov.cn/2019-07/02/c_767347.htm;
- http://www.chinagscourt.gov.cn/Show/83438;
- https://www.spp.gov.cn/zdgz/201912/t20191202_440034.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
On the contrary, separatist militant groups have attacked and killed Chinese and Pakistani individuals working on BRI projects.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan and China cooperate on cyber security. Threats, disinfo and hacking threats are reported to have come from India or groups in Europe funded by the Indian govt.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
This has not been a concern in Pakistan.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Every now and then, Pakistani police are reported to have cracked down on Uyghurs at risk for deportation
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/pakistan-refugees-11032023174533.html;
- https://www.dw.com/en/arrests-of-uighur-women-married-to-pakistani-men-spark-anger-in-gilgit-baltistan/a-42937458
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Over the last decade or so, Pakistan has deported Uyghur Muslims. But hardly any political or Islamic party has openly criticised or denounced the practice.
- https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230522032610/https://www.refworld.org/docid/4e490279c.html;
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/pakistan-refugees-11032023174533.html;
- https://www.dw.com/en/arrests-of-uighur-women-married-to-pakistani-men-spark-anger-in-gilgit-baltistan/a-42937458
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan looks to China for CCTV monitoring, Smart Cities, internet monitoring and control -all in the name of safety and security.
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2440270/pakistan-china-discuss-smart-city-construction;
- https://islamabadpost.com.pk/china-pak-coop-constructing-smart-city-through-ai-tech/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China has emerged as one of main players in Pakistan’s Telecom Sector: China Mobiles’ Zong 4G (CMPAK) is one of the main players in Pakistan’s telecom sector
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei, Haier and Zong are among major Chinese investment companies in Pakistan's telecom sector.
- https://www.dw.com/en/china-pakistan-investment-ties/a-58734281;
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2363463/economic-future-of-pakistan
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan is heavily reliant on Chinese technology for its telecom infrastructure upgrades. Chinese firm is laying 16,000-km-long fibre-optic cable.
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan relies and trusts China more than the US for its hi-tech needs. security system for the Karot Hydropower Station in Pakistan—one of the projects of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
- https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075525/http://www.silkroadfund.com.cn/enweb/23809/23812/23942/index.html
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2361207/pakistan-china-vow-to-step-up-defence-cooperation-despite-challenges
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan and China have an ongoing cooperation in installation of CCTV cameras (Smart Cities), surveillance technology, biometrics, etc.
- https://pakistan.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_pf/features/2022/08/19/feature-01;
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/02/11/china-pak-coop-constructing-smart-city-through-use-of-ai-technology/
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan is already home to a number of smart city projects. In Lahore, the government is working on a smart traffic management system that uses sensors and artificial intelligence to monitor traffic flow and reduce congestion. In Karachi, a smart card system is being used to improve public transportation. And in Islamabad, a smart grid project is underway to improve the city’s electricity supply.
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2454193/china-pak-accelerate-smart-city-advancements;
- https://plotperty.com/zero/what-aresmartcities-therisinglandtrend-inpakistan
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The two countries plan to transform optical fiber cable network into global digital gateway. It involves expanding existing optical fiber cable infrastructure to global marine cables to facilitate digital access to regions spanning the Middle East, Central Asia, China, and Europe.
- https://cpec.gov.pk/map-single/3;
- https://www.app.com.pk/national/plan-finalized-to-transform-optical-fiber-cable-network-into-global-digital-gateway-dr-saif/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan’s e-commerce industry is still in its infancy. Experts say it has potential and interest from PRC firms to attract financing. Last year, the two countries agreed on a project fostering collaboration between 200 startup enterprises across various IT sectors, including the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud technology and others.
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2434562/china-pakistan-project-to-boost-trade-investment;
- https://www.bolnews.com/latest/2021/12/pakistan-ushers-in-new-era-of-startups-chinese-official/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
During the last few years, events have been held and opportunities explored for collaboration in AI, blockchain, cloud computing and big data.
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2388648/pakistan-china-set-up-st-centre;
- https://dailytimes.com.pk/901742/pakistan-tech-festival-starts-today/;
- https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2020/09/14/pakistan-china-likely-to-sign-mou-for-cooperation-in-ict/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Oct 2023, Pakistan officially joined China’s International Lunar Research Station, the China National Space Administration. Pakistan signed a series of space exploration agreements with China in 2019, which included China helping to train and launch Pakistani astronauts.
- https://spacenews.com/pakistan-becomes-latest-country-to-join-chinas-ilrs-moon-project/
- https://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20231015-chinese-launch-of-pakistani-satellite-highlights-asia-s-space-ambitions;
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/10/12/space-programme-2040-prospects-for-pak-china-collaboration/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan was the first foreign country to use China based GPS system made by Beidou Satellite System. Beidou, or Compass, has also set up network in Pakistan.
- https://cpecinfo.com/pakistan-becomes-first-foreign-country-to-join-satellite-navigation-system-of-china/
- https://thesvi.org/chinas-beidou-navigation-system-for-pakistan
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan has four provinces. They have constitutional autonomy over health, education, policing, mineral wealth, energy, etc. These provincial governments have routinely wooed Chinese govt/investors and signed several bilateral deals.
Supplementary Notes
- http://en.ce.cn/Insight/202206/28/t20220628_37811579.shtml
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/06/13/first-batch-of-chinas-vocational-college-on-electric-engineering-inaugurated-in-sindh/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan has several sister cities and provinces with many countries, including China.
- https://www.brecorder.com/news/40264860/china-punjab-govt-sign-letters-of-intent-to-establish-sister-cities
- https://www.app.com.pk/global/pak-china-signs-agreement-to-establish-sister-provinces-cities-parks-lakes/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan and China have a patron-client relationship. As a creditor and a financier, China helps keep Pakistani economy afloat. So while it may not directly fund many "official" trips, the budget is indirectly financed by PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, local mayors and community leaders meet Chinese officials in Pakistan and also visit them in China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, it's a part of ongoing strategic partnership between the two countries.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No significant allegations or reporting on Chinese campaign donations available. It is conceivable, given PRC's deep financial stakes, but there seems to be little evidence so far
Supplementary Notes
Most major parties favour deeper engagement with China anyway. There are allegations that they recive kick-backs on major projects. But no major accusation of campaign financing. Pakistan's electoral laws bar candidates from receiving state funding of foreign governments.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence or need in Pakistan, where overall opinion is largely pro-PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China wields a behind the scenes influence in Pakistan's domestic politics. It's officials generally refrain from publically commenting on Pakistan's domestic politics.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The most popular politician, Imran Khan, as PM repeatedly idealised China's tough policies to root out corruption. Other leaders, like Sharif, also tend to admire Chinese centralised development model. Still others believe that the Chinese authoritarianism is ill-suited for Pakistan.
- https://www.dawn.com/news/1509698
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/05/28/chinas-economic-development-an-example-for-the-world-bilawal/
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
Skip
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not enough evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the early days of BRI investments ten years ago, questions or criticism was actively discouraged. Since then, the atmosphere has changed. These days, some criticism is tolerated in the media amidst the overall positive sentiment towards China. This observation is based on personal experience having worked in the Pakistan media for 25+ years.
Supplementary Notes
Political parties and govt institutions recognise Pakistan's dependency on China for economic bail out and military hardware. They therefore avoid public criticism of China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
All the time. It's been going on for years. Both sides are proud of joint working of parliamentary groups.
- https://mofa.gov.pk/joint-statement-strengthening-china-pakistan-all-weather-strategic-cooperative-partnership-building-closer-china-pakistan-community-of-shared-future-in-the-new-era;
- https://www.dawn.com/news/1604032
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan receives all sorts of aid from the PRC. These are often loans, publically disguised as aid.
Supplementary Notes
Link.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Training of Pakistani civil servants by the Chinese govt has been going on for several years.
- https://www.finance.gov.pk/poverty/training_28032022.pdf
- https://www.commerce.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Ftrain_China_EAD.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It's rare or uncommon. No proof of suspected "political" detentions of Pakistanis in China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
Skip
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not enough open source information available on this
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, both countries refer to each other as "All-Weather Strategic Cooperative Partners and iron brothers"; they say that the "friendship between the two countries is time-tested and unbreakable."
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202310/23/WS6535d4a2a31090682a5ea18d.html.
- https://mofa.gov.pk/joint-press-statement-between-the-peoples-republic-of-china-and-the-islamic-republic-of-pakistan
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/zyxw/202310/t20231021_11165405.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan fully supports the PRC's position on Taiwan.
- https://www.nation.com.pk/14-Jan-2024/taiwan-election-pakistan-reaffirms-commitment-to-one-china-policy
- https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/world-health-assembly-taiwan-becomes-a-hot-potato-again-71235
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan fully supports the PRC's position on territorial claims in the South China Sea..
Supplementary Notes
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202310/23/WS6535d4a2a31090682a5ea18d.html
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/zyxw/202310/t20231021_11165405.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan is an Islamic country. Because of its dependence of China, it avoids publically defending PRC's treatment of muslims in Xinjiang and treats it as its internal matter. In bilateral and multilateral meetings, however, it re-assures PRC of its support.
- https://www.dhakatribune.com/world/asia/328587/pakistan-pm-in-rare-visit-to-china-s-xinjiang;
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202310/23/WS6535d4a2a31090682a5ea18d.html
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan openly supports PRC's stance Tibet, in part because of its hostile relations with neighoring India
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan supports the PRC's assertions on Hong Kong.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.