Tajikistan
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 37 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 167 / 396 | - |
May 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 33 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 44 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 44 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 10 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 20 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 50 % | - |
In 2023, Tajikistan had a GDP per capita of US$1,189 and a total population of 10.29 million people.
Tajikistan established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1992. Tajikistan was ranked 155th in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Not Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 5/100.
Key Takeaways
- Tajikistan's media landscape exhibits limited observable connections with the World Chinese Media network, Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance, or PRC state-owned media, indicating a lack of significant influence in the country's media.
- Tajikistan demonstrates a high level of alignment with China in foreign policy, participating in key international cooperation forums, receiving substantial aid, holding strategic partnership status, and consistently supporting China on diplomatic issues.
- PRC influence is notably present in Tajikistan's academia, with research partnerships, Confucius Institutes, participation in talent recruitment programs, and financial benefits from PRC-connected entities shaping the educational landscape.
- Tajikistan engages in diplomatic ties with the PRC, with instances of sub-national engagements, official visits, and agreements, reflecting a diplomatic alignment. Additionally, there's significant economic interdependence with China, involving extensive borrowing, key trade relationships, and participation in the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
- Extensive military cooperation is evident between Tajikistan and China, involving joint drills, border post construction, and reported intentions for military basing. Moreover, Tajikistan showcases extensive legal and law enforcement collaboration with the PRC, encompassing extradition treaties, anti-terrorism efforts, and the adoption of PRC-associated surveillance systems. These findings suggest alignment in security matters, deepening collaboration, and potential domestic policy influence.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tajikistan isn't indicated on the World Chinese Media Network's official website.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The state enterprise Television of Dushanbe HD (TV Dushanbe) is a member of The Belt and Road News Alliance (BRNA).
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Only the local RFE/RL has used Chinese media content, but it warns Tajiks about China’s intentions regarding the land. Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tajik media notes that Central Asian countries and China are friendly neighbors and strategic partners. The leaders of the political parties of Central Asian nations reportedly expressed readiness to enhance communication with the CPC on state governance experience, staunchly support each other's development paths, and further strengthen relations between Central Asia and China. Link Tajik media portrayed the official visit of the Chairman of the Majlisi Milli Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan, Rustam Emomali, to the People's Republic of China as marking a new stage in the history of relations between the two friendly countries. Today, Tajikistan carries out its foreign policy based on an "open door" approach, which has yielded fruitful results for the country over the past 32 years. Link
- https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/centralasia/20230616/central-asia-china-asia-pledge-enhanced-political-party-exchanges
- https://imruz.tj/stati/11226/
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Overall, the number of publications and studies on China remains extremely small and insufficient, especially given the growing role that China plays today in Central Asia and Tajikistan. In general, a paradoxical but understandable situation is observed in Central Asia—the greater the economic dependence on China, the fewer publications on the topic of China's presence can be found in the local academic press and mass media. Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Huawei Seeds for the Future program was launched in Tajikistan on October 2, 2016. Ten students from Tajikistan's leading universities traveled to China for a two-week training program, where they not only learned about Chinese culture but also visited Huawei's headquarters to study ICT technology. The Seeds for the Future program aims to help young students from Tajikistan learn advanced global ICT technology and experience Huawei’s corporate culture. Link On April 26, 2019, at the Hilton Dushanbe Hotel, a press conference was held as part of the social project “Seeds for the Future,” following the memorandum signed between the government of Tajikistan and Huawei. The event featured Huawei's Director in Tajikistan, Mr. Cui Feng, Deputy Minister of Education and Science of Tajikistan Fathiddin Usmonzoda, representatives of Tajikistan’s communications service, the National University of Tajikistan, project participants, and media representatives. Link In August 2022, the opening of the Luban Workshop, a new addition to the growing network of vocational education schools, took place in Dushanbe, Tajikistan (the first in Central Asia). The launch ceremony for the workshop, organized jointly by Tianjin Urban Construction Management Vocational Technology College and Tajik Technical University, was held simultaneously online in Dushanbe and Tianjin. Link The Luban Workshops: China expands vocational training centers to Central Asia. According to a report from Tianjin’s first conference on vocational education held in mid-August, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan will soon join the network. The workshops provide vocational training and technological education. Link The launch ceremony for the workshop, organized by Tianjin Urban Construction Management Vocational Technology College and Tajik Technical University, was held simultaneously online in Dushanbe and Tianjin. Link
- https://old.asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/society/20190426/seeds-for-future-10-young-tajik-public-servants-take-training-at-huawei-hq-in-beijing
- http://avesta.tj/2019/04/26/kompaniya-huawei-prodolzhaet-realizatsiyu-proekta-semena-budushhego-v-tadzhikistane/
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202212/14/WS63991b8ba31057c47eba4437.html
- https://eurasianet.org/china-expands-vocational-training-centers-to-central-asia
- https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202212/14/WS63991b8ba31057c47eba4437.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Confucius Cultural and Educational Center at Tajik National University (TNU) was opened in 2008. The center operates on the basis of TNU. Link The 2020 "Chinese Bridge" Competition in Tajikistan, organized by the UPC Confucius Institute, successfully concluded. Link On August 20, 2015, the Confucius Institute at Tajikistan Metallurgical Institute was officially established under the cooperation between China University of Petroleum (East China) and Tajikistan Metallurgical Institute. Link The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tajikistan, with the support of the Confucius Center, is also organizing the sending of young Tajik specialists for internships in the PRC. Every year, the number of Tajik students studying in China increases, strengthening cooperation and friendly relations between the two countries. These students act as cultural ambassadors for Tajikistan in China. Link Tajikistan now hosts Confucius Institutes at two universities where students can take Chinese language and culture classes, while several universities in China have set up centers for Tajik studies. Link The Confucius Institute at the Tajik National University in Dushanbe, founded in 2009 and supported in part by the Chinese government, enrolls students as young as nine for thrice-weekly classes. Link China has also used academic diplomacy in Tajikistan. Two Confucius Institutes have been created in Tajikistan—one at the Tajik National University and the other at the Mining Institute in Chkalovsk, Sughd region. Over the past decade, almost 10,000 Tajik students have passed through the Confucius Institute at TNU alone, with some continuing their studies in China. In both institutes, the primary focus is on the study of the Chinese language, but in Chkalovsk, they also train specialists for the mining, metallurgical, and oil industries, with the aim of employing them at Chinese enterprises operating in Tajikistan. Link
- https://tnu.tj/index.php/ru/kulturno-obrazovatelnyj-centr-konfucij/
- http://cie.upc.edu.cn/en/info/1054/1202.htm
- http://cie.upc.edu.cn/admission_en/About_Us/Confucius_Institute.htm
- https://tnu.tj/Dissertatsii/MirzoevKhT/MirzoevKhT.pdf
- https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-tajikistan-bilateral-investment-and-trade-ties/
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/08/chinas-science-talent-recruitment-program-draws-fresh-attention/
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/article/academic-diplomacy-the-educational-aspects-of-chinese-and-russian-soft-power-in-tajikistan/A30B69D4A7825F8F72EA2545128B3C33
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There are educational centers in Tajikistan that assist not only in learning the language but also in continuing education abroad, including in China. The first and largest is the Multikid Educational Center, which has been implementing the Study Abroad program for almost 17 years and cooperates with educational institutions in fourteen countries. About five hundred Tajik citizens have received education abroad through various programs offered by the center. Multikid cooperates with more than ten universities and colleges in China, as well as several international schools (for education after 9th grade) and language courses at universities in China. Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The members of the University Alliance of the Silk Road include the Russian-Tajik Slavonic University and Tajik Technical University.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Scientific relations with the Academy of Sciences of the People's Republic of China are actively developing, with joint research being conducted and information exchanged in the fields of geology and seismology. Link There are very few publications and studies on the economy and internal politics of the PRC, and the number of sinologists and economists is also limited. This thematic imbalance is largely due to the interests of the main sponsor of sinology in Tajikistan—China itself. As in other countries in the region, China allocates funds and quotas mainly to train local translators and technical specialists for the needs of Chinese companies and other economic structures in the region. Chinese think tanks are willing to use local political scientists and economists to study the region more deeply, but China is generally not interested in sponsoring local social sciences. Link On June 9, 2010, Peking University donated 100 desktop computers and related equipment to Tajikistan to help organize the international conference for the International Decade for Action "Water for Life," according to the Chinese Embassy in Tajikistan. After the conference, the computers were to be used in Tajik universities for teaching and scientific research. The total value of the donated computers is not known. Link
- https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM//ie/enterp/documents/coverpagatajikr.pdf
- https://cabar.asia/ru/kogda-tadzhikistan-nachnyot-izuchat-kitaj
- https://china.aiddata.org/projects/71572/
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found.
Supplementary Notes
The 2012 TWAS-ROESEAP (TWAS Regional Office for East and South-East Asia and the Pacific) Symposium on Frontiers in Chemical Engineering was held from July 27 to 31 in Beijing, under the theme “Green Chemistry and Engineering of Developing Countries.” Over 140 scholars and graduate students from ten nations, including China, India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Iran, Tajikistan, South Korea, Nigeria, South Africa, and Denmark, attended the symposium. Link A Tajik professor introduced students to a green electrical energy device at the Luban Workshop in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, on April 12, 2023. The Luban Workshop, co-founded by China's Tianjin Urban Construction Management & Vocation Technology College and Tajik Technical University, was officially put into operation in November 2022. Link The year 2023 will be historic for the Tajikistan-China relationship, said Guzel Maitdinova, director of the Center for Geopolitical Studies at the Russian-Tajik (Slavonic) University, in a recent interview ahead of the China-Central Asia Summit. Link
- http://english.cas.cn/bcas/2012_3/201411/P020141121531780248245.pdf
- https://english.news.cn/20230511/bbdf91f249d04e14ac8ce516f21f28fd/c.html
- https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/318281.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The dean of the Faculty of Oriental Languages, Abdulmain Kayumov, in an interview with AP, said that the "Chinese language" program at the university was introduced in 2000 at the Department of Southeast Asian Languages, Faculty of Foreign Languages. Since 2009, the Faculty of Oriental Languages has had a separate Department of Chinese Language. Specialists from the department have completed advanced training courses in China. Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China is third according to this website: Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Holding some 70% of the external debt, China is Tajikistan’s most important lender.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Russia is the top customer, according to this website: Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2009, the Tajik government and the Chinese company TBEA agreed to construct a 200 MW coal power station in Dushanbe. Funding conflicts during the first phase of construction and possible political pressure from President Xi on the Export-Import Bank of China led to the bank providing Tajikistan with $331 million to finance the second phase. When construction was completed in 2018, Tajikistan was left with a $331 million concessional loan to Eximbank and granted TBEA full mining licenses for two gold mines to cover the construction costs. This is likely to deepen Tajikistan’s economic reliance on China and disrupt its economic sovereignty. Link China has the financial resources and staying power to remain involved in Tajikistan and Central Asia for the long term. It is Tajikistan’s main trading partner, largest creditor, and a major investor in the country’s energy sector (mainly oil and gas exploration) and mining sector (gold). Chinese companies have won tenders to build roads, tunnels, and other transportation links, as well as to work in the Tajik construction sector. China’s largest investment in the country is Line D of the Central Asia–China gas pipeline, which will connect China with Turkmenistan’s gas fields via Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Link Link More than 80 percent of Tajikistan's gold ore fields are operated by Chinese companies. Recently, rights to the Verkhniy Kumarg gold mine were granted to Tibet Huayu Mining Company in exchange for the construction of the heat-and-power station (HPS) in Dushanbe. Link The Dushanbe-2 CHP Plant is a 400 MW coal-fired power project. The project is currently owned 100% by TBEA, a Chinese manufacturer of power transformers and other electrical equipment. Link
- https://www.caspianpolicy.org/research/energy-and-economy-program-eep/tajikistan-and-china-discuss-improving-bilateral-economic-relations
- https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/02/01/tajikistan-at-twenty-five-rahmon-consolidates-power-pub-62630
- https://tj.sputniknews.ru/20200128/tajikistan-tonnelj-gazoprovod-turkmenistan-china-1030620577.html
- https://fpc.org.uk/the-broken-promises-of-development-in-tajikistan/
- https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/power-plant-profile-dushanbe-2-chp-plant-tajikistan/
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Joined back in 2016.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Tajikistan is a member of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tajikistan and China signed their first FTA in 2018
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Parliament later that same year voted to exempt another Chinese company, Kashgar Xinyu Dadi Mining Investment, from all types of taxes and customs duties for a period of seven years. The company was also granted development rights over a silver deposit in the high-altitude Pamir region. Link The Tajik parliament continued to grant tax exemptions for Chinese firms investing in the country, although investment laws are applied inconsistently. According to statistics from the Ministry of Commerce of China, there are more than 300 Chinese enterprises in Tajikistan. These investments are mainly related to agriculture, mining, textiles, telecom, and cement, among other sectors. Link
- https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-the-cost-of-chinese-debt
- https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-tajikistan-bilateral-investment-and-trade-ties/
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
In 2011, due to Dushanbe’s inability to repay loans to Beijing, Tajikistan offered 1,158 square kilometers of disputed territory in exchange for the debt being written off. At the beginning of 2021, China suspended debt repayments from Tajikistan, as Beijing owns nearly half of Tajikistan’s $3.2 billion foreign debt pile (more than $1.2 billion). Link In 2016, Xinjiang-based company TBEA completed work on a 400-megawatt power plant in Dushanbe, known as TETs-2. The Tajik government contributed only $17.4 million to the $349 million project, with the remainder funded by TBEA. Three years later, to pay off the debt, Tajikistan gave TBEA the concession to develop the Upper Kumarg and Eastern Duoba gold mines, both located in the northern Ayni district. Link In 2014, Tajikistan was forced to give mining rights for gold mines to China’s TBEA Company after failing to repay loans for a new combined heat and power plant outside of Dushanbe. Link
- https://www.specialeurasia.com/2021/10/28/chinese-military-base-in-tajikistan-regional-implications/
- https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-the-cost-of-chinese-debt
- https://api.caspianpolicy.org/media/uploads/2020/09/PB-Chinas-growing-influence-in-CA-through-surveillance-systems.pdf
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Association of Chinese Citizens has an office in Tajikistan.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tajikistan is listed as a member state of the All-China Women's Federation.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since 2013, China has held the "Happy Spring Festival -- China Tajikistan One Family" event in Tajikistan, which has been warmly welcomed by the local people.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
China opens Cultural Exhibition in Tajikistan. Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Elizabeth Wood and Thomas Baker summarized the Central Asian Barometer Survey on Public Perception of China in Central Asia, conducted from 2017 to 2021: China's public diplomacy wins the admiration of Tajiks through culture, language, and civilization. The degree to which citizens and leaders view the PRC favorably could also be instrumental in advancing other economic, geopolitical, and security interests. Tajikistan presents high approval rates for the leadership of the PRC, with 63 percent approval on average. Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Chinese military assistance is most active in Tajikistan. In 2016, Beijing promised to build eleven border posts and one training center for border guards along the Afghan border. That same year, China gave Dushanbe a grant of $19 million to build officers' clubs. Link In the case of Tajikistan, steps are being taken to provide military equipment and improve cooperation. In October 2016, the sides agreed to build 11 border posts. In 2018, the Chinese company "China Ordnance Industry Group Corporation Limited" allocated armored patrol vehicles to contribute to Tajikistan's border security. Link In early October 2016, an agreement was signed between the governments of Tajikistan and China on the construction of border outposts on the Tajik-Afghan border. Under those agreements, the Chinese side allocated grants and began building three command centers, five border service outposts, five border service checkpoints, and one training center on the Tajik-Afghan border. Link
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://www.ankasam.org/tajikistan-china-military-cooperation/?lang=en
- https://eurasianet.org/china-stepping-up-military-cooperation-with-tajikistan
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tajikistan is a member-state of CICA.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China's Military Base in Tajikistan: What Does It Mean? Link The presence of a Chinese military outpost in Tajikistan is so openly acknowledged at this point that even Tajik officials make little effort to hide it. Link Official authorities of Tajikistan deny the presence of a Chinese military base. However, it remains difficult for the authorities to completely deny the existence of certain physical infrastructure for military interaction between Tajikistan and China. Link The first Chinese military base appeared relatively recently in the Murghob district of Tajikistan’s Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, not far from the Afghan and Chinese borders. Officially, it is a border guard station for Tajik troops built using Chinese funds. In 2016, the Tajik and Chinese governments signed an agreement to build seven border posts and training centers along the Tajik-Afghan border. The Chinese allocated grants for this purpose and constructed three garrison headquarters, five border guard stations and posts, and one training center. Link In 2021, China’s military presence in Tajikistan came into question again. It was alleged that Beijing agreed to pay Dushanbe approximately $8.5 million for the construction of a paramilitary base on the border. Link
- https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13569-chinas-military-base-in-tajikistan-what-does-it-mean?_html=
- https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-secret-chinese-base-becomes-slightly-less-secret
- https://www.caa-network.org/archives/21363
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://www.ankasam.org/tajikistan-china-military-cooperation/?lang=en
Supplementary Notes
Several American media outlets have reported that China is building a second military base in Tajikistan. Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The Chinese Government granted $764,526 of humanitarian aid for natural disaster relief in Tajikistan. Link China provided food, tents, and sheets to Tajikistan for harsh winter relief. Link On July 23, 2015, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi pledged to provide emergency humanitarian relief to Tajikistan during a meeting with his Tajik counterpart, Sirojiddin Aslov. Constant high temperatures since July caused glaciers to melt, leading to severe landslides in Tajikistan and causing serious casualties. On August 5, the Department of Foreign Assistance of MOFCOM delivered RMB 10 million in relief to Tajikistan. Link
- https://china.aiddata.org/projects/57839/
- https://china.aiddata.org/projects/40441/
- https://china.aiddata.org/projects/53944/
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It is alleged that Chinese troops have been present in Tajikistan since approximately 2016, with the purpose of monitoring access to the Wakhan Corridor. However, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan denied that there are Chinese troops in the country. Link Dushanbe has committed to conducting joint anti-terrorism drills with Chinese forces once every two years. The host country is required to provide military personnel with weapons and equipment, as well as create conditions for the entry and movement of military equipment along pre-approved routes. Both countries are also sworn to secrecy regarding the timing, location, and scale of the preparedness drills. Link
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-central-asias-forbidding-highlands-a-quiet-newcomer-chinese-troops/2019/02/18/78d4a8d0-1e62-11e9-a759-2b8541bbbe20_story.html
- https://eurasianet.org/china-stepping-up-military-cooperation-with-tajikistan
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As of mid-2013, the Chinese have been constructing an operational center for the Tajik defense ministry in Dushanbe and inviting several Tajik officers to study in Chinese defense colleges. Link Chinese and Kyrgyz troops trained together in 2021. Link Tajik military officers and border guards went to China for training. Link
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26326365.pdf
- https://eurasianet.org/china-stepping-up-military-cooperation-with-tajikistan
- https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/12/07/how-china-s-foreign-aid-fosters-social-bonds-with-central-asian-ruling-elites-pub-88579
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China Stepping Up Military Cooperation with Tajikistan The countries have agreed to systematize defense cooperation. Link Last November, the governments of the two countries signed an agreement to conduct joint counter-terrorism exercises. According to the document, relevant events will be held at least once a year, with military personnel practicing coordinated actions in the event of dangerous criminals infiltrating the republic. Link
- https://eurasianet.org/china-stepping-up-military-cooperation-with-tajikistan
- https://imruz.tj/news-of-tajikistan/4101/
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
n 1993, a Chinese military delegation, headed by the commander of the Lanzhou Military Region in northwestern China, visited Tajikistan, offering a "gift" of 5 million yuan. By 2004, the total sum of Chinese grants had approached $20 million. Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tajikistan and China to Hold Another Joint Military Drill in Pamirs. Link On November 21, Dushanbe committed to conducting joint anti-terrorism drills with Chinese forces once every two years. Bilateral military exercises have taken place before – in 2006, 2015, 2016, and 2019. In 2016, a joint force of approximately 10,000 people conducted an operation in the Mountainous-Badakhshan region. That same year, the "Quadruple Cooperation and Coordination Mechanism in the Fight Against Terrorism" was established with the participation of China, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. In 2019, a military operation called “Cooperation-2019” was held, further deepening the partnership between Beijing and Dushanbe in the fight against terrorism. Around 12,000 soldiers from both sides participated in the operation. Link Tajikistan and China Agree to Conduct Joint Counter-Terrorism Drills at Least Once Every Two Years. Link
- https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-china-to-hold-another-joint-military-drill-in-pamirs
- https://eurasianet.org/china-stepping-up-military-cooperation-with-tajikistan
- https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/security/20221122/tajikistan-china-agree-to-conduct-joint-counter-terrorism-drills-at-least-once-every-two-years
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes. Please refer to the website: Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese-Tajik exercises in GBAO: Fighting terrorism or protecting Chinese investments in the region Link In 2002 and 2003, China participated in bilateral and multilateral anti-terrorism exercises with other members of the organization, including Tajikistan. Link Tajikistan is committed to working with China to combat the "three forces" of terrorism, separatism, and extremism, as well as transnational crimes, strengthening law enforcement and security cooperation, and increasing coordination in multilateral affairs within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the CICA, and other frameworks, according to Rahmon. Link China conducts anti-terror drill with Tajikistan, as Afghan spillover worries grip Central Asia (2021). Link
- https://cabar.asia/ru/kitajsko-tadzhikskie-ucheniya-v-gbao-borba-s-terrorizmom-ili-zashhita-investitsij-knr-v-regione
- https://carnegieendowment.org/files/9275book_Kitai1.pdf
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/16/c_138146465.htm
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3145532/china-conducts-anti-terror-drill-tajikistan-afghan-spillover
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
In 2013, Tajikistan worked with Huawei to establish a “Safe City” surveillance system in Dushanbe at a cost of $22 million. Only $1.1 million of the total sum was financed by Tajikistan, while $20.9 million came from a long-term loan from the China-dominated Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Tajikistan Accused of Helping China in Campaign Against Uyghurs. Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
In August 2019, a Uyghur woman and her two children were deported from Turkey to Tajikistan, and then promptly transferred to Chinese custody. News outlets reported that five or six other Uyghurs were on the flight with her. Link The Tajik parliament, according to RFE/RL’s Tajik Service, unanimously approved a mutual extradition agreement with China. Under the agreement, Tajikistan would exchange three Chinese citizens currently serving prison terms—one for rape and two for drug trafficking—for 16 Tajiks currently detained in China. The 16 Tajiks, seven of whom are women, were mostly arrested and convicted in China on drug-trafficking charges. Four are currently on death row, and five are serving life terms. Link
- https://freedomhouse.org/report/transnational-repression/china
- https://thediplomat.com/2015/05/tajikistan-and-china-to-trade-felons/
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In February, Tajikistan’s government announced a new identification system requiring phone users to provide fingerprints and privacy-invasive medical information in order to purchase SIM cards, according to Eurasianet. Huawei, reportedly working closely with the government to develop this system, has so far offered no information on where the data will be stored. Link Dealings with Huawei in Tajikistan go back further. In 2013, the government signed a $22 million deal for the company to install hundreds of CCTV and traffic cameras around the capital, Dushanbe. Link
- https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/15/huawei-xinjiang-kazakhstan-uzbekistan-china-surveillance-state-eyes-central-asia/
- https://eurasianet.org/china-taking-big-brother-to-central-asia
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2003, the telecom company ZTE (China) provided a digital telephone exchange for 6,000 subscriber lines and installed it in Kurgan to replace one of the outdated exchanges. Link In 2008, a Chinese telephone company purchased Tajik mobile phone operator TK Mobile for $26.66 million USD. Link Tajiktelecom and China Telecom announced a plan in 2008 to build a fiber connection between the two countries, but this plan did not come to fruition. Link Tajik cellular service companies are also at risk because China owns TK Mobile, one of Tajikistan’s five cellular service providers. Link On October 19, 2006, the Export-Import Bank of China pledged to loan $22.8 million USD for restructuring Tajik Telecom (also known as Tajiktelecom), Tajikistan’s national telecommunications operator. A new joint-stock company was to be established based on this enterprise, with foreign legal and physical entities having the right to purchase its shares. The total cost of the project was $27 million USD, according to a Tajik official. Link
- https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM//ie/enterp/documents/coverpagatajik.pdf
- https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ifrichinacentralasiakassenovaengjanuary2008.pdf
- https://www.internetsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/ISOC-Tajikistan-IXP-assessment.pdf
- https://api.caspianpolicy.org/media/uploads/2020/09/PB-Chinas-growing-influence-in-CA-through-surveillance-systems.pdf
- https://china.aiddata.org/projects/54557/
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2003, in cooperation with the Chinese telecommunications company ZTE, an outdated telephone exchange in Kurgan-Tube was replaced free of charge with a modern digital station with a capacity of 6,000 ports. Currently, the Tajiktel JV continues to provide services in the D-AMPS standard, the cost of which has decreased significantly due to competition. Since 2002, it has introduced GSM cellular communication services, with equipment purchased from the Chinese company Huawei Technologies. Great hopes are placed on the provision of a direct loan from the EBRD to Tajiktelecom OJSC in the amount of $13 million for the modernization of the national public telecommunications network. The implementation of the network modernization project using borrowed EBRD funds is expected to take 2-3 years. In 2002, the first international tender was held, which covered the modernization of the Dushanbe city telephone network and its infrastructure, converting all analog city telephone exchanges to digital, replacing all connecting lines, and organizing a transport fiber-optic SDH ring connecting all public telephone exchanges in Dushanbe. The tender was won by the Chinese company ZTE, and in 2004, the introduction of a fully digital Dushanbe city public telephone network was planned. Link Huawei has been serving more than 85% of all Tajikistan residents. Huawei not only provides stable telecommunication solutions but also contributes to the telecommunication industry in Tajikistan, promoting long-term development of ICT technology in the country. Link Tajikistan has signed a cooperation memorandum with Huawei to install 7,600 base stations as the backbone for a future 5G network and to provide training for Tajik technicians. Link
- https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM//ie/enterp/documents/coverpagatajikr.pdf
- https://www.huawei.com/en/sustainability/win-win-development/social-contribution/seeds-for-the-future/tajikistan
- https://oilprice.com/Geopolitics/International/Tajikistan-Advances-Digital-Infrastructure-With-Help-From-China.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A technology park in Tajikistan, built using Chinese experience and advanced Chinese technologies, meets the challenges of the times. Notably, the supervision of equipment installation during the coronavirus pandemic was conducted remotely for the first time. This technological capability was provided by the Chinese company Huawei, whose headquarters are located in Shenzhen. The world leader in telecommunications also equipped the new technology park with high-speed Internet access using the modern 4G system, which is a key factor in the success of the project. This is another important feature of the park.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2005, Tajikistan’s dominant fixed-line operator, Tajiktelecom, signed a contract with ZTE Corp of China for the supply of Central Asia’s first commercial next-generation network (NGN). ZTE will deliver a customized end-to-end NGN solution, including VoIP and IP Centrex services, based on its proprietary Softswitch technology. The value of the deal was not disclosed. Link OJSC "Tajiktelecom" is the state-owned national telecommunications operator of the Republic of Tajikistan. The Government of Tajikistan intends to support its operations by providing a sovereign guarantee. The Ministry of Communications will undertake a regulatory development program. Mobile operator Indigo Tajikistan signed a deal with Chinese equipment supplier ZTE Corp to roll out a W-CDMA network. Under the contract, ZTE will deliver a complete W-CDMA system based on UMTS R4 technology, as well as providing W-CDMA handsets. Link In 2006, Tajik mobile operator Tacom contracted Huawei Technologies of China to supply GSM and W-CDMA mobile equipment for expanding its 2G network and launching 3G services. Link
- https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/350224.html
- https://www.lightreading.com/business-management/zte-wins-in-tajikistan
- https://www.asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/20070704/china-s-huawei-modernizes-tajik-cellular-operator-s-telecommunications-network
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Both Huawei and ZTE have significant operations in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Considering the case of Huawei in Iran, briefly described at the beginning of this document, there is a high probability that these companies were also selling dual-use technologies in this region. However, no public or confidential sources provide conclusive evidence of a connection between these companies and interception technologies in the region. Link In February, Tajikistan’s government announced a new identification system requiring phone users to provide fingerprints and privacy-invasive medical information in order to purchase SIM cards, according to Eurasianet. Huawei, reportedly working closely with the government to develop this system, has provided no information on where the data will be stored. Link In 2013, Tajikistan worked with Huawei to establish a "Safe City" surveillance system in Dushanbe at a cost of $22 million. Only $1.1 million of the total was financed by Tajikistan, while $20.9 million came from a long-term loan from the China-dominated Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). More than 855 cameras have been installed around Dushanbe at intersections and along main streets. Deputy Head Director of "Safe City," Furkat Shoimardonov, stated that more facial recognition cameras would be installed at Dushanbe airport and other crowded places such as markets, shopping centers, and parks. According to Shoimardonov, these cameras scan faces to compare them with other faces and detect minute differences. If a camera detects a 25 percent resemblance to a wanted individual, that person will be flagged and sent to the "Safe City" center. Link
- https://www.accessnow.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/docs/Commonwealth_of_Surveillance_States_RUS_1.pdf
- https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/15/huawei-xinjiang-kazakhstan-uzbekistan-china-surveillance-state-eyes-central-asia/
- https://api.caspianpolicy.org/media/uploads/2020/09/PB-Chinas-growing-influence-in-CA-through-surveillance-systems.pdf
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Furthering its debt, the Tajik government spent $22 million to implement Huawei’s “Safe Cities” system in Dushanbe in 2013. In addition to monitoring traffic, over 800 Chinese cameras are watching public spaces such as monuments and parks. China also owns TK Mobile, one of the five telecommunication providers in Tajikistan. Link Tajikistan's Safe City system, installed by the Chinese company Huawei in 2013, was set for modernization in 2019. According to the Safe City center’s deputy head, Furkat Shoimardonov, its AI-powered software will now help to find wanted persons more quickly. Link On August 19, 2020, the Innovation and Technology Park opened its doors in Tajikistan. President Emomali Rahmon participated in the ceremony, which was implemented with his initiative and support. The “Smart Park” is located in the high-mountainous Darvaz region, figuratively known as the “golden gate” of the Pamirs. In ancient times, this area served as one of the important crossroads of the Southern Branch of the Great Silk Road. The key feature of the park is that China’s rich experience in creating technology parks, which have driven the “Chinese economic miracle,” was widely used. The Darvaz Park houses several enterprises equipped with the most modern equipment labeled "Made in China." Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/smart-cities-or-surveillance-huawei-in-central-asia/
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- http://russian.people.com.cn/n3/2020/0820/c95181-9736743.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It is worth noting that these measures contribute to the creation of additional high-speed international fiber-optic communication lines for connecting to global Internet networks. This will also enhance the significance and transit potential of the country’s telecommunications networks and eliminate the communication isolation of the republic.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2021, a dam deformation monitoring system based on the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System was put into operation at the Usoi Dam in Tajikistan, according to China's National Time Service Center (NTSC) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kashgar Xinyi Dadi Mining Investment signed a 20-year contract in June 2018 to develop the Yakdzhilwa silver deposit in the remote eastern Murghab region. The contract allows for the possibility of extending this period by mutual agreement. During the first seven years of its operation, the Chinese company will be exempt from income taxes and any customs duties on equipment imported into Tajikistan. All private investments require government approval. According to the Tajik government, Chinese companies are chosen as partners in the mining sector because of the benefits they bring. However, many observers believe that investment laws are being applied inconsistently. In October 2019, reports surfaced of several examples of tax exemptions granted by the Tajik parliament to Chinese firms investing in the country.
Supplementary Notes
From 2000 to 2017, there were a total of 722 official visits by Chinese government representatives at both the provincial and national levels to the countries of Central Asia, and vice versa. Link Tajikistan and China signed 18 agreements to strengthen bilateral ties. The documents were signed on June 15, 2015, in Dushanbe after talks between Chinese President Xi Jinping and Tajik President Emomali Rahmon. Link
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://www.rferl.org/a/tajikistan-china-sign-agreements-to-bolster-ties/30001315.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
On August 31, 1997, an agreement was signed between the Government of Urumqi and the Hukumat (Government) of Dushanbe on trade, economic, scientific, technical, and cultural cooperation. On September 10, 1999, an agreement establishing sister city relations between Dushanbe and Urumqi was signed in Dushanbe. On June 20, 2013, in Dushanbe, a Joint Declaration of Twinning and an Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation was signed between the Local Executive Body of State Power in Dushanbe and the People's Government of Xiamen. There are also close connections between Dushanbe and Qingdao (PRC). Link Dushanbe's sister cities in China include Hainan, Qingdao, Ürümqi, and Xiamen. Link
- https://www.dushanbe.tj/ru/goroda-pobratimy
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Asia
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Official visit of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Tajikistan to China (2022): Link On April 25, 2023, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan, Sirojiddin Muhriddin, during his official visit to China, met with the Director of the China International Cooperation and Development Agency, Luo Zhaohui. Link Meeting of the Minister with the Vice-Minister of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China: Link Wang Yi Meets with Tajik Minister of Transport Azim Ibrohim: Link
- https://mfa.tj/en/main/view/12537/official-visit-of-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-tajikistan-to-china#:~:text=Qin%20Gang%2C%20the%20Minister%20of,Central%20Asia%2DChina%22%20format
- https://mfa.tj/en/main/view/12539/meeting-of-the-minister-with-the-director-of-the-china-international-cooperation-and-development-agency
- https://mfa.tj/en/main/view/12542/meeting-of-the-minister-with-vice-minister-of-water-resources-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202206/t20220609_10700797.html
Supplementary Notes
On February 19, 2014, Vice Foreign Minister Cheng Guoping held consultations with Tajik Deputy Foreign Minister Nizomiddin Zohidov in Beijing. Link
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Meeting of Foreign Ministers of Tajikistan and China, 2023: Link President Xi Jinping Meets with Tajik President Emomali Rahmon, 2022: Link On August 1, 2022, Tajik President Emomali Rahmon received Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi. They discussed current cooperation issues, particularly in trade, the economy, healthcare, investment, transport, and regional security. Link Chinese Premier Li Qiang meets with Tajik Prime Minister Kokhir Rasulzoda on the sidelines of the 22nd Meeting of the Council of Heads of Government of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Member States in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on October 26, 2023. Link
- https://mfa.tj/en/washington/view/12540/meeting-of-foreign-ministers-of-tajikistan-and-china
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202209/t20220915_10766473.html
- https://www.specialeurasia.com/2022/08/01/tajikistan-china-cooperation/
- https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/01V4MMLR.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with Tajik Minister of Transport Azim Ibrohim. Ibrohim stated that China is a great and friendly close neighbor of Tajikistan. The two heads of state have established high-level mutual trust, and the Tajikistan-China comprehensive strategic partnership has been advancing steadily. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties 30 years ago, bilateral cooperation has developed rapidly, and China has become Tajikistan's most important trade and investment partner. Tajikistan is sincerely grateful for China's assistance in implementing major livelihood projects, upgrading infrastructure, and fighting the pandemic. Link On August 1, 2022, Tajik President Emomali Rahmon received Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi. The officials discussed current cooperation issues, particularly in trade, economics, healthcare, investment, transport, and regional security. According to Emomali Rahmon, Dushanbe and Beijing are close neighbors that aim to deepen cooperation across various sectors. China is Tajikistan's largest trade and investment partner and has supported the Tajik government in the fight against the pandemic. Link Chinese, Tajik FMs hold talks on boosting ties. Muhriddin stated that Tajikistan appreciates China's remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation and innovative development and looks forward to learning from China's successful experience to help Tajikistan achieve sustainable development and accelerate industrialization. Link
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202206/t20220609_10700797.html
- https://www.specialeurasia.com/2022/08/01/tajikistan-china-cooperation/
- https://english.news.cn/20220802/341ed8b99e784aff8dfb11657393972d/c.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Tajikistan, China Nonferrous Gold reportedly paid $2.8 million to Shamsullo Sakhibov, the president’s son-in-law, for a gold mining concession.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
To strengthen bilateral parliamentary relations, friendship and cooperation groups of the Majlisi Namoyandagon and parliamentary commissions were created with the parliaments of countries such as Russia, China, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Hungary, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, India, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Jordan, Morocco, Belarus, Armenia, Romania, Slovakia, Germany, Korea, Azerbaijan, and other countries. Link The two sides will further support exchanges and cooperation between the National People's Congress of China and the Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan, as well as between their specialized committees and friendship groups. They will continue to improve the legal foundation for bilateral relations, enhance traditional friendship, and deepen mutual understanding between the two peoples. Link Tajik-Chinese Parliamentary Friendship Group Link
- https://mfa.tj/ru/berlin/view/6291/parlament
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/200809/t20080905_679213.html
- https://tajsohtmon.tj/en/agencynews/16376-tajikistan-and-china-discuss-inter-parliamentary-relations.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China as an emerging donor in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan Link Tajikistan has formally accepted a $125 million grant from China to upgrade a key highway. Link China and the United States continue to be the main donors to Tajikistan. Link China delivers 300,000 doses of CoronaVac vaccine to Tajikistan. Link
- https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ifrichinacentralasiakassenovaengjanuary2008.pdf
- https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-accepts-125m-from-china-for-road-less-than-expected
- https://old.asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/economic/20230828/china-and-the-united-states-continue-to-be-the-main-donors-to-tajikistan
- https://www.asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/society/20210621/china-delivers-300000-doses-of-coronavac-vaccine-to-tajikistan
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In China, the "One Belt – One Road" project is expanding its influence, and the number of students accepted from Tajikistan for training under the project is also increasing. Additionally, Tajikistan continues to experience strong economic and political influence from Russia due to historical and geopolitical reasons. Both China and Russia offer scholarship programs aimed at government employees, similar to the JDS program, which involves young employees of key government agencies.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the Tajik authorities, 16 Tajik citizens are being held in Chinese prisons, including nine men and seven women. Link At least 15 Tajik nationals are currently in detention in China, with five of them having been sentenced to death. Link Four Tajik citizens who were on death row in Chinese prisons may soon be extradited to their homeland to continue serving a life sentence, once all bureaucratic procedures have been resolved. Link
- https://rus.azattyq.org/a/27522934.html
- https://www.refworld.org/docid/59818e0110.html
- https://rus.ozodi.org/a/28572428.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
President Xi Jinping pointed out that since China and Tajikistan established diplomatic relations, the bilateral relationship has achieved leapfrog development from one of good-neighborliness to a strategic partnership and then to a comprehensive strategic partnership. Link In 2013, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Tajikistan officially established a strategic partnership and made steady progress in all areas of cooperation. Link Link
- http://ir.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zyxw/202305/t20230521_11080808.htm
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/3235_664362/
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/3235_664362/3236_664364/200809/t20080905_560700.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2024, Tajikistan remains committed to the one-China principle, recognizing Beijing as the only legitimate government of the entire Chinese territory, its foreign ministry said on Monday following elections in Taiwan.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tajik President Emomali Rahmon said on Thursday that his country backs China's peaceful reunification, fully understands and firmly supports China's position on the South China Sea issue, and opposes any attempt to internationalize it.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In July 2019, Tajikistan was one of 50 countries that backed China's policies in Xinjiang, signing a joint letter to the UNHRC commending China's "remarkable achievements in the field of human rights," stating that "now safety and security has returned to Xinjiang and the fundamental human rights of people of all ethnic groups there are safeguarded." Link Link In November 2019, Tajikistan was one of 54 countries that signed a joint statement supporting China's Xinjiang policies. Link Lawyers for Uyghur groups have provided the International Criminal Court (ICC) with new evidence allegedly showing the Tajik government's cooperation with Beijing in sending Uyghurs to China, where they face at least detention, and often something far worse. Link Uyghurs Held in Tajikistan: Three Uyghur businessmen with Turkish citizenship have been detained by authorities in Tajikistan, sparking fears that the men may have been held due to pressure from China, according to Uyghur groups. Tajik officials have been tight-lipped about the case, and the circumstances behind the detentions remain unclear. Link
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China–Tajikistan_relations
- https://www.economist.com/sites/default/files/images/print-edition/20190727_CNM997.png
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201910/31/WS5db9ce19a310cf3e3557486d.html
- https://rus.azattyq.org/a/31312212.html
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/tajikistan-01242011150501.html
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found.
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Support
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In June 2020, Tajikistan was one of 53 countries that backed the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova