Hungary
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Hungary had a GDP per capita of US$18,773 and a total population of 9.70 million people, with the Chinese population comprising 19,655 people, or 0.2% of the total population.
Hungary established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1949. Hungary was ranked 85th in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Partly Free in Freedom House's 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 69/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media20.0% / 30.1%
- Academia44.4% / 34%
- Economy27.3% / 33.6%
- Society12.5% / 23.6%
- Military0.0% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement18.2% / 30.2%
- Technology40.9% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics37.5% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy63.9% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
新导报, 中华时报, 世界中国
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
D1 TV (B&R TV Networks)
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Skip
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
Expert comment: For instance, I know from someone (working for a Chinese company operating in Hungary) that they invited journalist to travel to China, and that was not unique at all. I know that CASS (at least before Covid) organized conferences relatively regularly on China-CEE relations and paid all the costs for those researchers who they invited to attend (I was one of them till a certain point - that is when I formulated criticism/touched upon political topics in my research). I heard stories that politicians travelled to China under similar circumstances, etc. All in all, there is no media link I could add here, but we may add "personal experience”, “rumours”, etc
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
CRI
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Klasszik Rádió
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-radio-partners-idUSKCN0SR1KS20151102
- https://www.direkt36.hu/en/kemjatszmakat-hozott-budapestre-orban-kinai-nyitasa/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://apnews.com/article/budapest-hungary-viktor-orban-newspapers-europe-39028d9c44b64e08a6609b60a8bf7a13
- https://cmds.ceu.edu/article/2019-08-08/report-establishment-kesma-exacerbates-overall-risk-media-pluralism-hungary
- https://hungarytoday.hu/govt-backs-right-wing-media-firm/
- https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/10/13/china-s-influence-in-southeastern-central-and-eastern-europe-vulnerabilities-and-resilience-in-four-countries-pub-85415
- https://carnegieendowment.org/files/202110-Brattberg_et_al_EuropeChina_final.pdf
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://academytracker.ceias.eu/map/eu/Hungary
- https://academytracker.ceias.eu/articles/5aMALRe9KxDWaNjuLvd9or
- https://digitrendi.hu/huawei-osztondijprogram-es-5g-s-kutatasi-projektek-az-obudai-egyetemen/
- http://old.uni-obuda.hu/articles/2021/09/28/egyuttmukodesben-a-huawei-jel
- https://sci.u-szeged.hu/sztehirek/2019-majus/egyuttmukodesi?objectParentFolderId=30826
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are 5 institutes: Confucius Institute at Eötvös Loránd University, Confucius Institute at University of Szeged, Confucius Institute at University of Miskolc, Confucius Institute for Traditional Chinese Medicine at University of Pecs, Confucius Institute at University of Debrecen
- https://academytracker.ceias.eu/map/eu/Hungary
- https://academytracker.ceias.eu/articles/5aMALRe9KxDWaNjuLvd9or
- https://www.digmandarin.com/confucius-institutes-around-the-world.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is one bilingual primary school in Hungary.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China-CEE Institute (owned by CASS)
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Skip
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Not sure, since there is no data avalable on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence for this claim
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
Not sure, since there is no data avalable on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
Skip
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
Not sure, since there is no data avalable on this.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence for this claim
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence for this claim
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not yet - but with the 5G development it might change.
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Hungarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (HCCI) is a member of SRCIC.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Fidesz has been subsidising multinational companies - incl. Chinese - for quite some time, and has been particularly keen to entice electronics and automotive manufacturers, with each job created receiving significant public subsidies.
- https://lefteast.org/chinese-capital-hungarian-accumulation-regime/
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202207/04/WS62c23d8aa310fd2b29e6a1c2.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"Kína Békés Egyesítését Előmozdító Magyarországi Egyesület", "Magyarországi Kínaiak Békét és Egységet Előmozdító Társasága"
- https://kisebbsegkutato.tk.hu/adatbazis/migr
- http://www.helyicivil.hu/r/magyarorszagi-kinaiak-a-szebb-magyar-kinai-jovoert-kereskedelmi-egyesulet-budapest/budapest-xiii-ker-egyesulet-alapitvany
- http://www.helyicivil.hu/r/magyarorszagi-kinaiak-beket-es-egyseget-elomozdito-tarsasaga-budapest/budapest-xiii-ker-egyesulet-alapitvany
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Not directly, but they certainly borrow elements.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
But very close: This indicator "Ugyanolyan rossz véleménnyel vannak a magyarok Ukrajnáról, mint Oroszországról " shows that 51% of Hungarians have positive view to China(see below URL1). However, other indicator "Ki szereti Kínát?" shows that around 25% of Hungarians have positive view to China(see below URL2).
- https://444.hu/2022/05/09/ugyanolyan-rossz-velemennyel-vannak-a-magyarok-ukrajnarol-mint-oroszorszagrol
- https://merce.hu/2021/01/20/ki-szereti-kinat
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no extradition treaty between China and Hungary but mutual legal assistance in civil and commercial matters exist since 1997.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence exists to support otherwise
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that suggests otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to ChinaTechMap, Hungarian police purchased surveillance equipment for law enforcement.
- https://www.sourcesecurity.com/news/dahua-technology-headquarters-visited-delegation-hungarian-co-4261-ga.1595239790.html
- https://dailynewshungary.com/questionable-face-recognition-cameras-to-be-installed-in-hungary/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that suggests otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No arrests have been made, but demonstrations "against" China are dispersed / not allowed.
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that suggests otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that suggests otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that suggests otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei and ZTE are important partners of Hungary-based telecom companies, and the Hungarian government announced that Huawei will develop 5G network in Hungary.
- https://chinaobservers.eu/hungary-china-relations-is-it-time-for-a-change/
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hungary-telecoms-huawei-idUSKBN1XF12U
- https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110504007597/en/ZTE-Selected-as-Telenor%E2%80%99s-New-Main-Value-Added-Service-VAS-Supplier-in-the-Nordic-Region
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Dahua provided surveillance equipment to Hungarian police.
- https://dailynewshungary.com/questionable-face-recognition-cameras-to-be-installed-in-hungary/
- https://www.sourcesecurity.com/news/dahua-technology-headquarters-visited-delegation-hungarian-co-4261-ga.1595239790.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
中国银行匈牙利分行
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
However, TikTok is popular among youngsters.
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are city-company agreements/cooperations in cities where big Chinese MNEs invested (e.g. Miskolc, Komarom, Cegléd).
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyar_v%C3%A1rosok_testv%C3%A9rv%C3%A1rosainak_list%C3%A1ja#K%C3%ADna
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Skip
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
expert note: I haven’t included evidence/links to media articles because there are no articles on these issues (to my knowledge), however I know about these from private sources, own experience (I am dealing with China for a bit more than 20 years, spent some time in public administration, work as a researchers for many years, etc. - I simply hear/see/experience things).
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PM Orbán visited China with delegations in 2017 and 2018, since 2020 delegations have stopped as a result of the pandemic, therefore it is difficult to assess since.
- https://hirado.hu/2017/05/12/szeretik-a-magyar-termekeket-kinaban/
- https://www.origo.hu/itthon/20181103-orban-viktor-sanghaji-expo.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.politico.eu/article/orban-taunts-germany-by-doubling-down-on-support-for-china/
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cepl//pol/zgyw/t1872804.htm
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3173066/viktor-orbans-landslide-re-election-paves-way-even-closer-hungary-china
- https://hungarytoday.hu/orban-china-hungary-cooperation-increasingly-important/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Magyar-Kínai Baráti Csoport (tranlsates as Hungary-China Friendship Group)
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Except for a Canadian-Hungarian citizen, Michael Kovrig, but he was kept hostage because of his Canadian nationality and the Huawei case.
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3084588/budapest-stands-beijing-opposing-taiwans-membership-world
- https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/10/13/china-s-influence-in-southeastern-central-and-eastern-europe-vulnerabilities-and-resilience-in-four-countries-pub-85415
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
Skip
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Could not be verified.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The EU remained silent on Chinese meddling in the South China Sea because of Budapest’s veto.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although Budapest supported the EU sanctions after human rights concerns as regards Xinjiang, but called them "pointless", and hosted China's defence minister for an official visit days after the EU sanctions decision.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pro-Tibet demonstrations organised in Hungary are not allowed or are dispersed.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Hungary did not support the EU statement condemning China because the government said it would have been pointless.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská