United States
| 2024 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 36 / 98 | - |
| Original Score * As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores. | 168 / 388 | - |
Sep 2024
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure * Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC‘s influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 37 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 43 % | - |
Pressure * Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 2 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 78 % | - |
Alignment * Alignment evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual policy changes and impacts on the target country. | 2024 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 65 / 98 | - |
| Level of Score | 26 % | - |
In 2023, United-States had a GDP per capita of US$81,695 and a total population of 342.48 million people.
United-States established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1979. United-States was ranked 55th in Reporters Without Borders‘ 2024 World Press Freedom Index, and rated Free in Freedom House‘s 2024 Global Freedom Index, with a score of 83/100.
Key Takeaways
- The results demonstrate that Beijing has actively cultivated partnerships and economic agreements with U.S. subnational politicians in light of the downturn in high-level governmental relations.
- The results reinforce the notion that academia continues to be a strong vector of Chinese influence in the United States due to the high number of overseas students, despite the recent decline in the number of Confucius Institutes on U.S. university campuses.
- In the economic domain, 2023 exhibited heightened levels of coercion targeting U.S. firms. China ramped up restrictions against prominent U.S. companies, including Micron, Apple, Intel, Raytheon, Lockheed Martin, Bain & Company, and Mintz Group, among others.
- In the law enforcement domain, 2023 witnessed heightened levels of influence operations directed toward citizens and residents of the United States. The U.S. Justice Department charged that dozens of Ministry of Public Security-affiliated officers from the PRC attempted to harass, intimidate, and coerce citizens and residents of the United States to change their political views, actions, or speech. And for the first time, two men were charged with helping to establish a secret police station in New York City on behalf of the Chinese government.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country‘s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Dozens of World Chinese Media affiliated media organizations operate in the United States, such as New York City News Network, American West News, National Television News Network, Vegas News Network, Jiu'an World Peace TV, Jiu'an Celebrity TV, US-China Business Daily, Las Vegas Times, Huahua News Agency, Alberta Times, etc. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. However, none of these organizations are major sources of news for the US public. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Numerous PRC media outlets operate in the US and are connected to BRI-associated networks such as CGTN, Xinhua, and China Daily. Some US news organizations such as National Geographic and Discovery Channel are also members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Union. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. However, the United States is not a member of the BRI, and US views toward the BRI and China's foreign policy are broadly negative. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://sinopsis.cz/en/rolland-bri-influence-operations/
- https://efile.fara.gov/ords/fara/f?p=1381:11:2230512195999::NO::P11_CNTRY:CH
- https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2023/07/27/chinas-approach-to-foreign-policy-gets-largely-negative-reviews-in-24-country-survey/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, journalists, media organizations, or online influencers have participated in international travel organized by PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Shein flew a group of influencers on an all-expenses-paid trip to Guangzhou to tour some of its manufacturing facilities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a " Few" rating. However, public views of China in the United States remain largely negative. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The State Department estimates that over 300 PRC state media journalists operate on US social media platforms such as X to influence public opinion. In 2023, the FBI found that the Ministry of Public Security 912 Special Project Working Group created thousands of fake online personas on social media sites, including Twitter, to target Chinese democracy activists and critics of the CCP through online harassment and threats. These online personas disseminate official PRC government propaganda and narratives to counter and overwhelm the critical speech of the Chinese activists. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a Few" rating. However, public views of China in the United States remain largely negative. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-technology-business-sports-travel-ebd23980015ffa35b60dbb0348e9ca62
- https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/34-officers-peoples-republic-china-national-police-charged-perpetrating-transnational
- https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/files/documents/os-akohler-092723.pdf
- https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/HOW-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA-SEEKS-TO-RESHAPE-THE-GLOBAL-INFORMATION-ENVIRONMENT_Final.pdf
- https://freedomhouse.org/country/united-states/beijings-global-media-influence/2022
- https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/28/technology/china-disinformation-us-state-department.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese state media content reaches news consumers in the United States directly through offline and online paid inserts from China Daily or the Xinhua news agency in US national and regional news outlets, such as Time magazine, the Los Angeles Times, USA Today, CNN, and Foreign Policy. Mandiant released a report in 2023 that HaiEnergy leveraged a network of at least 72 inauthentic news sites to distribute pro-PRC content to subdomains of legitimate U.S.-based news outlets. Haixin news published Chinese state media stories that appeared in financial news subdomains of at least 32 websites including the Arizona Republic and the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a Few" rating. However, PRC-broadcasted media is outweighed by the majority of US news outlets, which do not distribute PRC state narratives. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://freedomhouse.org/country/united-states/beijings-global-media-influence/2022#AVENUES-OF-INFLUENCE
- https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/pro-prc-haienergy-us-news
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or majority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities, or media owners who have significant business interests in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Xinhua News Agency North America, China Daily of Beijing, People's Daily Overseas Edition, and CCTV have registered as local affiliates of PRC state media under the US Foreign Agents Registration Act. The Council on Foreign Relations claims that Beijing or its proxies, such as pro-China businesspeople, now control nearly all of the Chinese-language media in the United States. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. However, the PRC controls few local-language media outlets and Chinese-language media does not reach the majority of Americans. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://efile.fara.gov/ords/fara/f?p=1381:11:2230512195999::NO::P11_CNTRY:CH
- https://www.cfr.org/article/chinas-growing-attempts-influence-us-politics
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, media outlets have delivered content provided by PRC state-funded media, or under content-sharing agreements with PRC state-funded media.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to Freedom House, at least two radio stations in the Washington, DC, and New York City areas broadcast China Radio International (CRI) programming. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. However, PRC state narratives have little purchase among the American public. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China Daily paid millions of dollars for advertising campaigns in the pages of some US journalistic outlets, including Time Magazine, the Los Angeles Times, the Houston Chronicle, and the Chicago Tribune. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. However, PRC advertisements have little impact on public opinion. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Insignificant” rating.
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/07/24/pro-china-influence-campaign-infiltrates-us-news-websites/
- https://www.thedailybeast.com/china-daily-news-agency-controlled-by-chinese-community-party-paid-millions-for-ads-in-us-outlets
- https://efile.fara.gov/docs/3457-Supplemental-Statement-20210524-34.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denunciation, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa, lawsuits, or threat thereof.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Australian Strategic Policy Institute identified hundreds of spam accounts that appeared to be created with the sole purpose of targeting Asian female journalists and human rights researchers in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
- https://www.voanews.com/a/trolling-of-female-asian-journalists-on-rise-as-beijing-seeks-to-discredit-media/6898789.html
- https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/smart-asian-women-are-the-new-targets-of-ccp-global-online-repression/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media organizations that describe relations with the PRC as based on friendship, brotherhood, or otherwise use emotive language that refers to the relationship in familial terms.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Unable to locate
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. a media personality who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Codepink's activists are unwilling to say anything critical about China's track record on human rights. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Nonetheless, other high-profile US personalities discuss human rights in China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country‘s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
39 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Representatives of Entity List companies like Huawei sit on the board of the Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute. More than 20 US universities maintain partnerships with similar PRC-connected research institutions. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. From these partnerships PRC-connected entities can gain access to important strategic technology. Therefore, this Indiciator deserves an "Significant" rating.
- https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/17/us/politics/house-committee-berkeley-china.html
- https://www.rubio.senate.gov/rubio-calls-for-end-to-u-s-china-university-partnerships-that-support-the-development-of-chinese-military-technologies/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms or other PRC-affiliated Chinese language centers based at universities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
7 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
39 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
31 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Only five Confucius Institutes remain in the United States, compared to 2019, when there were 96 operating in 44 states. Therefore, this Indiciator deserves a "Few" rating. The few remaining Confucius Institutes have little impact on US academia. Therefore, this Indiciator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K-12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
While Chinese language is offered in some primary schools, and some schools have received funding the PRC-affiliated entities (as shown in Indicator 10), Chinese language is not included as a foreign language in national curricula.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Institute for China-America Studies was founded by the PRC and its researchers make frequent appearances on PRC state media. Gal Luft, co-director of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS), was indicted for acting as an unregistered federal agent on behalf of China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. However, ICAS and IAGS have little national influence. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/07/beijing-establishes-washington-dc-think-tank-south-china-sea/
- https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/us-attorney-announces-charges-against-co-director-think-tank-acting-unregistered
Supplementary Notes
Up until 2021, the China Association for International Friendly Contact has partnered with the EastWest Center and the Hong Kong Based China-United States Exchange Foundation (CUSEF) to host the US-China Sanya Initiative among retired military officials. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities, such as through grants, donations, sponsored exchange programs, or fellowship programs at PRC institutions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
At least 143 schools, including 20 near U.S. military bases, received funding from the Confucius Institutes and other cultural programs. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. However, the majority of the most influential US think tanks and academic research centers are independent. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Insignificant” rating.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_Exchange_Foundation
- https://www.hoover.org/research/chinas-influence-american-interests-promoting-constructive-vigilance
- https://voz.us/chinese-communist-party-funds-u-s-public-schools/?lang=en
- https://nypost.com/2023/02/03/chinese-money-is-flooding-into-american-higher-education-with-little-transparency/
- https://www.axios.com/2021/06/05/scoop-bush-family-nonprofits-5-million-deal-with-china-influence-group
- https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/2128338/university-texas-austin-rejects-funding-hong-kong-based
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
53 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Between 2018 and 2023, over two dozen scientists faced criminal charges in the United States for their association with China's talent recruitment programs. However, many of these cases were dropped. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Scientific talent is a critical element of US-China technological competition. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.reuters.com/technology/china-quietly-recruits-overseas-chip-talent-us-tightens-curbs-2023-08-24/
- https://www.justice.gov/usao-ma/pr/former-harvard-university-professor-sentenced-lying-about-his-affiliation-wuhan
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3233108/shadow-agents-chinas-talent-war-help-recruit-outstanding-overseas-scientists-boost-self-reliance
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC or to other countries organized or run by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Wire China reported that there are at least 40 different U.S.-China track-two groups between US and Chinese scholars and some of these groups meet in person in China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Some track-two groups can impact government policy. Therefore, this Indiciator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
85 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
4 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
With nearly 300,000 Chinese students enrolled in American universities, Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs) are highly active on US college campuses, and often speak out against perceived anti-China slights or demonstrations. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. The prevalence of these organizations has resulted self-censorship and censorship among Chinese students. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Singnificant" rating.
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/student-associations-georgetown-09282023111042.html
- https://reason.com/2022/11/11/a-pretty-scary-moment-dissident-chinese-students-say-george-washington-university-is-failing-them/
- https://www.axios.com/2023/05/08/chinese-students-us-education
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/human-rights-04272023140531.html
- https://www.axios.com/2023/05/08/chinese-students-us-education
- https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/07/13/testimony-us-house-committee-education-and-workforce
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2023, the PRC sanctioned the Hudson Institute. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Many think tanks and scholars that engage with the PRC may feel cautious about expressing scholarship that is critical of the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Confucius Classrooms initiative provided more nearly $18 million to 143 school districts in 34 states. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://defendinged.org/investigations/little-red-classrooms-china-infiltration-of-american-k-12-schools/
- https://www.newsweek.com/chinese-influence-us-public-schools-what-we-know-1828571
- https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/imo/media/doc/PSI%20Report%20China's%20Impact%20on%20the%20US%20Education%20System.pdf
- https://www.christianpost.com/news/chinese-communist-party-influencing-us-k-12-schools-report.html
- https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/imo/media/doc/PSI%20Report%20China's%20Impact%20on%20the%20US%20Education%20System.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have published articles that echo PRC talking points, such as denying the existence of or whitewashing human rights abuses (e.g. an academic who rejects that there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Commentators associated with Codepink deny human rights abuses in China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Nonetheless, many high-profile scholars and more credible scholars discuss human rights in China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC‘s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 25% of my country’s bilateral sovereign debt.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
73 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
61 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PRC shipping conglomerate China Merchants Holding International (CMHI) has held a 49% stake in the container port operators Terminal Link, which operates parts of the Port of Houston, since 2013. CHMI also received ownership in the Port of Miami through the same Terminal Link purchase. According to AEI's China Global Investment Tracker, China is a major investor in the US energy, transportation, biotech, and industrial materials sectors. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://assets.americafirstpolicy.com/assets/uploads/files/U.S_._Infrastructure_Security_Requires_Effective_State-level_Protection_from_Chinese_Communist_Party_Ownership_.pdf
- https://www.aei.org/china-tracker-home/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
69 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Citibank is a shareholder of CIPS. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade/investment sanctions, boycotts) after the government, private companies, or NGOs made statements or introduced policies deemed unfavorable to the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China's cyberspace regulator announced that US memory chip maker Micron Technology poses "serious network security risks" after US export controls on China. China ordered officials at central government agencies not to use Apple’s iPhones for work or bring them into the office after US targetting of Huawei. China's antitrust regulators prevented Intel from acquiring Tower Semiconductor. China imposed sanctions against U.S. aerospace and defence firms Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin for arms sales to Taiwan. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.bbc.com/news/business-65667746
- https://www.wsj.com/world/china/china-bans-iphone-use-for-government-officials-at-work-635fe2f8
- https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/china-sanctions-northrop-grumman-lockheed-martin-over-arms-sales-taiwan-2023-09-15/
- https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/16/business/intel-tower-semiconductor-china.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
58 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
40 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The US grants the PRC most-favored nation status under the World Trade Organization. In 2020, the US and China signed the "Economic And Trade Agreement Between The Government Of The United States Of America And The Government Of The People’s Republic Of China." Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.cotton.senate.gov/news/press-releases/cotton-colleagues-introduce-bill-to-end-chinas-permanent-normal-trade-status
- https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/china-mongolia-taiwan/peoples-republic-china/phase-one-trade-agreement/text
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has undergone a default or restructuring of a public debt arrangement with PRC-affiliated financial entities, which may have involved the transfer of my country's land or infrastructure in exchange for debt forgiveness.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
94 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC‘s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
24 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are Peaceful unification association chapters in more than 30 cities in the United States. Therefore, this Indicator desertves a "More than a few" rating. These organizations often break US laws, fail to register as foreign agents, and interfere in peaceful protests in the United States. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.axios.com/2023/05/16/doj-indictment-alleges-chinas-united-front-involvement-repression
- https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/16/china/us-citizen-john-leung-china-intl-hnk/index.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
75 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Members of the United World Chinese Association are located in Hawaii, LA, New York, Boston, and San Fransisco. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions have engaged with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) through exchanges or official visits, received material or financial donations, or participated in training sessions offered by the ACFTU on subjects like collective bargaining.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
22 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat Festival tournaments, etc) hosted or sponsored by organizations or personnel linked to the UFWD, or by PRC diplomats.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
26 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
United Chinese Americans (UCA) is a registered Foreign Agent acting on behalf of the United Front Work Department's Chinese Overseas Friendship Association. The UCA regularly hosts holiday and community events and has chapters in 11 major US cities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Chinese diaspora events and activities have little minimal on American society. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations, such as the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联), that are closely engaged with their local counterparts through exchanges or official visits, providing material or financial donations, or hosting training sessions.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
12 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Several PRC professional associations are closely engaged with writers' and artists' associations in the United States. Therefore, this Indicator derserves a "More than a few" rating. However, these professional associations have minimal cultural or social influence. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
2024
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
47 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Unable to find data on Chinese donations to US charities and religious organizations.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
2024
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
30 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Unable to find evidence of free or subsidized distribution of entertainment products in the US.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by
In my country, PRC-connected entities are the main shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on their usage.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
64 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
TikTok is the fifth most popular social media platform in the US. 33% of adults say they use the social network. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are cultural events, cultural exchange projects, or cultural organizations that are funded by or receive funding from PRC-connected entities, including in sports.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
26 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries organized cultural visits by the Philadelphia Orchestra in 2023. Chinese organizations like the China-United States Exchange Foundation fund student cultural exchanges. Chinese companies have entered into partnerships with the National Basketball Association. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. Cultural exchanges with the PRC are an important form of influencein the United States. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.philorch.org/about-us/contact-us/press-room/news-releases/the-philadelphia-orchestra-commemorates-50th-anniversary-of-historic-1973-tour-of-china-with-ensemble-performances-and-residency-activities-in-multiple-cities-in-china/#:~:text=(Philadelphia%2C%20September%2014%2C%202023,Tour%20of%20China%2C%20the%20first
- https://www.foxbusiness.com/sports/nba-enters-strategic-partnership-fintech-company-ant-group-china
- https://www.cusef.org.hk/en/in-country-programs/university-of-montana-students-visit-china
- https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/article/3240312/china-us-cultural-exchanges-pick-after-pandemic-despite-downward-turn-bilateral-ties
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, gamers, gaming communities, or game developers/publishers have been involved in freedom of speech controversies related to the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
93 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
0 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
- https://gobookmart.com/10-popular-video-games-that-are-banned-in-china/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_banned_video_games_by_country
Supplementary Notes
US games have been banned in China due to censorship prior to 2023 but there were no notable cases in 2023.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, polling data or opinion surveys indicate that a majority of citizens hold favorable views toward the PRC government.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
38 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to Pew, 83% of Americans have unfavorable views toward China. There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
56 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The NDAA prohibits the acquisition of munitions, major parts, or components from covered foreign countries, including the PRC. However, the PRC controls many critical minerals supply chains, which are essential to building and maintaining modern weapons systems. America’s new F-35 fighter jets, for example, contain a magnet component made with an alloy almost exclusively manufactured in China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.acq.osd.mil/dpap/dars/dfars/html/current/225_7.htm
- https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/06/09/america-weapons-china-00100373#:~:text=America's%20new%20F%2D35%20fighter,almost%20exclusively%20manufactured%20in%20China
- https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/03/16/us-military-china-minerals-supply-chain/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
56 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
42 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The U.S. defense department sent a delegation to attend China's regional security dialogue, the Xiangshan forum. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC (including arrangements where PLA-affiliated professionals work in domestic labs researching dual-use technologies).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Boeing, a major commercial and defense aircraft manufacturer, has joint ventures in China producing parts and completing and converting jets.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish bases.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
82 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
The US and Chinese navies used to engage in joint humanitarian excercises, but the last one was conducted in 2016 according to the link provided.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
91 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, military professionals have participated in military education or training programs provided by the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, senior military or civilian defense leaders have participated in bilateral meetings with PLA officers at or above the one-star rank.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
35 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Air Force Gen. CQ Brown, Jr. held talks with his Chinese military counterpart, People's Liberation Army Gen. Liu Zhenli.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
80 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
10 countries chose this answer
90 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials publicly advocate for friendly foreign policy or military cooperation with the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
27 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
The US and Chinese navies used to engage in joint humanitarian excercises as well as joint participation in the RIMPAC exercise, but the last joint exercise was conducted in 2016 according to the link provided.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The US and China do not have an extradition treaty but agreed on Mutual Legal Assistance in 2001.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combating terrorism.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
37 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
U.S. law enforcement has tracked interactions between Chinese government operatives and Chinese American mobsters who harass dissidents, engage in political interference and move offshore funds for the Communist Party elite, U.S. national security officials say. In California, the Department of Cannabis Control says Chinese triads have been involved in illegal cannabis production for decades. Chinese triad gangs work with Mexican cartels to help them launder illicit drug money from smuggling fentanyl into the US. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/21/illicit-cannabis-china-00086125
- https://www.propublica.org/article/how-beijing-chinese-mafia-europe-protect-interests
- https://www.propublica.org/article/china-cartels-xizhi-li-money-laundering
- https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12026095/Criminals-links-Communist-Party-China-laundering-drug-money-Mexican-gangsters.html
- https://www.brookings.edu/articles/chinas-role-in-the-fentanyl-crisis/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
83 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial-related training offered by PRC-connected individuals or entities have been accepted by national or subnational governments.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
59 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized local criminal groups are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate, or punish individuals critical of the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
89 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
2 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2023, a federal jury convicted three defendants on multiple counts of a superseding indictment charging them with acting and conspiring to act in the United States as illegal agents of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The defendants' actions included salking and harrassment. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. These cases of transnational repression have chilling effects on civil liberties throughout the United States. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
45 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Office of the Director of National Intellgience assesses that "China probably currently represents the broadest, most active, and persistent cyber espionage threat to U.S. Government and private-sector networks." Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. China's cyber hacking is estimated to cost the United States nearly $100 billion annually. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/12/politics/china-based-hackers-us-government-email-intl-hnk/index.html
- https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/ATA-2023-Unclassified-Report.pdf
- https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/barracuda-esg-exploited-globally
- https://www.cyfirma.com/outofband/china-ip-theft-report/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities have established extra-legal physical premises from which to surveil or detain members of the Chinese diaspora (e.g. overseas police service stations).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
93 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Two men were arrested in 2023 on charges that they helped establish a secret police station in New York City on behalf of the Chinese government, and about three dozen officers with China’s national police force were charged with using social media to harass dissidents inside the United States, authorities said Monday. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has arbitrarily detained people at the behest of the PRC, such as those who engage in political activism or those who are members of minority groups.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
86 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
12 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or deported individuals to the PRC despite criticism from politicians, government employees, or NGOs.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
84 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
60 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the United States, more than 92 percent of drones operated by law enforcement are manufactured by Chinese companies that are legally required to work directly with Beijing. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.hstoday.us/featured/perspective-the-threat-to-law-enforcement-and-critical-infrastructure-from-chinese-drones/
- https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-bans-authorizations-devices-pose-national-security-threat
- https://www.kpbs.org/news/public-safety/2023/06/02/sdpd-publishes-trove-of-details-on-its-inventory-of-surveillance-equipment
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC‘s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2022, the FCC revoked China Unicom's authorization to operate in the US, and last year did the same for China Telecom Americas. It has also banned gear from telecommunications companies Huawei and ZTE. However, researchers at the Center for Security and Emerging Technology suggest that the United States will not see the full effects of the Federal Communications Commission's decision to ban sales of Chinese telecom equipment for years to come. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response
- https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/fcc-revokes-authorization-of-more-chinese-telecom-providers/
- https://cset.georgetown.edu/article/fcc-faces-long-road-in-stripping-chinese-tech-from-us-telecom-networks/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
34 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
In 2022, the FCC barred Huawei and ZTE from any telecom equipment approvals, claiming they represented “an unacceptable risk” to US national security. No telecom agreements have been signed since then.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, internet service providers have signed agreements to adopt hardware or technical specifications for Wi-Fi or fiber optic/broadband networks that are produced or developed by PRC enterprises.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
30 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
24 countries chose this answer
91 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized to supply tech-related equipment for critical infrastructure (such as airports, public transport, government IT networks, ports etc.).
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
75 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the United States, more than 92 percent of drones operated by law enforcement are manufactured by Chinese companies, such as DJI, that have connections to the PRC governments. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Supplementary Notes
Past cases: In 2017, the United States Army discontinued the use of drones produced by the Chinese company DJI over the risk of security vulnerabilities.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government has signed agreements to adopt biometric surveillance technology (such as facial, voice, DNA or gait recognition) produced by PRC-connected entities.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Past cases: In November 2018, Leo Liu, who is vice president of SenseTime and general manager of the company's Shenzhen Office, told CNBC in an interview that his company was working with Walmart, the world’s largest retailer. YITU Tech provided personalised marketing solutions for Lincoln Motors to improve customer service experiences in Lincoln's stores.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city systems.”
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Past cases: In May 2018, China Unicom, through its shareholding in China–ASEAN Information Harbor Co. Ltd (中国东信), entered a strategic agreement with Qualcomm and SUNSEA AIoT to cooperate on 5G, telecommunication, car networking, the IoT, smart manufacturing, mobile medical services and smart cities. Based on an agreement, between Jinan Innovation Zone, Cisco Systems and Inspur announced in December 2017, the three entities would use the "Inspur–Cisco joint venture's network communication industrial chain as [a] carrier, and invest to build an industrial park featuring network communication in Jinan Innovation Zone with the leading technical advantages and industry experience from Cisco and Inspur. The industrial park will attract investment of global partners as well as supporting manufacturers, scientists and engineers of network communication from across the world."
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country is directly served by a subsea or land-based major fiber optic internet cable built by a PRC-connected entity, or has greenlit plans for one to be built in the future.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
In 2020, the US government created the Clean Network initiative, banning new cables directly connecting the US to China or Hong Kong.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-affiliated venture capital, financial firms or PRC government entities invest in local technology start-ups.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
43 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The stock of Chinese venture capital in the US reached $3.5 billion in 2022, according to the Foundation for Defense of Democracies. However, the total value of the US venture capital market is between $200-$300 billion. Therefore, this Indicator derserves a "Few" rating. That said, PRC firms often invest in strategically significant technology sectors. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.wired.com/story/chinese-venture-capital-silicon-valley-party-over/#:~:text=In%20total%2C%20the%20amount%20that,Group%2C%20an%20economic%20research%20firm
- https://www.statista.com/statistics/277501/venture-capital-amount-invested-in-the-united-states-since-1995/
- https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2022/09/15/the-weaponization-of-capital-chinas-private-equity-venture-capital/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Qualcomm China signed an MOU with China's Baidu to work on extended reality (XR) technology. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Ford Motor signed a deal with CATL to build a new $3.5 billion battery plant for electric vehicles in Michigan. Ford later paused construction following an announcement in July 2023 that two congressional committees had launched investigations into the automaker’s licensing deal with CATL. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. These MOUs can number in the billions of dollars and often deal with strategically significant technologies. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" response.
- https://www.reuters.com/technology/qualcomm-china-signs-mou-with-baidu-work-xr-technology-2023-09-15/
- https://techcrunch.com/2023/09/25/ford-halts-work-on-3-5b-ev-battery-factory-with-chinas-catl/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed space cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding, or formed space cooperation mechanisms with PRC-connected entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 1972, the US and PRC signed a Memorandum of Agreement on Liability for Satellite Launches. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of the BeiDou satellite navigation system.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
28 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2017, the China Satellite Navigation Office and the Office of Space and Advanced Technology, U.S. Department of State, reached consensus on two conclusions regarding compatibility and interoperability between GPS and BDS. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Illinois governor Prtizker signed a $2 billion agreement with Chinese electric vehicle maker Gotion. California has signed 20 agreements with Chinese provinces covering electric vehicles (EVs), pollution mitigation research, and climate change solutions. California Governor Newsom traveled to China in October and signed a cooperative MOU with Guangdong province. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Some of these deals are valued in the hundreds of millions if not billions of dollars. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.ourquadcities.com/news/4-the-record/illinois-deal-with-chinese-company-to-make-electric-car-battery-gets-mixed-reviews/
- https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/CA-Guangdong-MOU-Oct-2023.pdf
- https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3234280/china-dealing-more-california-new-york-washington-regional-ties-trump-political-point-scoring
- https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/california-governor-gavin-newsom-china-partner-climate-change/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
6 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
36 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
US cities have sister-city or sister-province ties with over 80 Chinese cities and provinces. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. However, such subnational diplomacy does little to effect the overall tenor of US-China relations. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Insignificant” rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The United States Heartland China Association (USHCA) led a delegation of eight U.S. mayors to communities along the Yangtze River Valley area. The USCHCA receives donations from PRC-connected organzations such as CCIC Group. However, other sub-national delegations, such as the Richmond city council's delegation to sister-city Zhoushan, were funded by local taxpayers. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Subnational delegations have little impact on bilateral relations. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://richmondconfidential.org/2023/09/27/richmond-delegation-zhoushan-china-sister-city-trip/
- https://carmelmonthlymagazine.com/mayor-jim-brainard-on-city-to-city-diplomacy-between-the-u-s-and-china/
- https://usheartlandchina.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/USHCA_Annual-Report_2021-2022.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the local (non-national) level visit the PRC and meet with PRC officials and think tanks.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
34 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
17 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
the U.S. Heartland China Association (USHCA) led a bipartisan delegation of six U.S. mayors representing communities along the Mississippi River Basin to visit their counterparts in the People's Republic of China. A 13-member delegation of mayors from the heartland states of the United States paid a visit to Wuhan, capital city of central China's Hubei Province at the invitation of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries. California Governor Newsom traveled to China in October, 2023. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "few" rating. Some of these visits involve prominent subnational leaders and politicians. Therefore, this Indicator derserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.gov.ca.gov/2023/10/30/what-governor-newsoms-trip-to-china-accomplished/
- https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/us-heartland-mayors-bridge-the-mississippi-and-yangtze-communities-with-historic-china-visit-301998243.html
- https://english.news.cn/20231101/45dc24d2c56646ca83200c590b6760a3/c.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have been invited to visit the PRC or attended events hosted by the International Department of the Chinese Communist Party (中共中央对外联络部), including World Political Parties Summits, CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meetings, BRICS Political Parties Dialogues, Think Tanks and Civil Society Organizations Fora, etc.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
20 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
18 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
US federal law prohibits contributions received or made directly or indirectly by or from foreign nationals in connection with any federal, state or local election. However, some cases of PRC-conntected campaign donations have been reported. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Such donations have little influence on US policy toward China given the broad bipartisan recognition of the national security threats posed by the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.reuters.com/world/us/new-york-residents-charged-with-funneling-chinese-investors-money-trump-campaign-2022-07-18/
- https://www.newsweek.com/china-communist-party-new-york-political-influence-campaign-donations-1828730
- https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/foreign-nationals/#:~:text=Foreign%20nationals%20are%20also%20prohibited,donations%20from%20a%20foreign%20national
- https://www.voanews.com/a/china-s-alibaba-spends-big-on-dc-lobbying-campaign-contributions-/6956303.html#:~:text=Publicly%20available%20information%20accumulated%20by,million%20in%202020%20%E2%80%93%20a%20presidential
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
79 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2023, AP reported that UFWD-connected individuals sought to set up meetings between Utah lawmakers and Chinese officials, accompany legislators on trips to China, and provide advice on the best way to cultivate favor with Beijing. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "few" rating. Such activities resulted in Utah legislators delaying legislation unfavorable to Beijing. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC officials or PRC state media have criticized, harassed, or threatened local politicians, local government officials, or political parties in my country due to their activities, statements or policy advocacy.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PRC officials and media often criticize statements and actions by US politicians and officials. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. However, such criticism rarely deters US politicians from speaking out against the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Insignificant” rating.
- https://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-biden-us-xi-jinping-dictator-open-political-provocation/
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-04/china-rips-us-for-seeing-it-as-enemy-after-raimondo-remarks
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly echoed PRC talking points (e.g. denying PRC human rights issues, arguing that the PRC’s one-party political system could be beneficial for my country’s economic growth).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
20 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2023, The House Oversight Committee detailed in its first bank records memorandum, released on March 16, 2023, that three Biden family members – Hunter Biden, James Biden, Hallie Biden, and an unknown Biden – and their companies received over $1.3 million in payments from a Chinese company through a third party. A U.S. Navy sailor pleaded guilty to accepting nearly $15,000 in bribes from a Chinese intelligence officer. Madelaine C. Lane, former law clerk of the US District Court for the Western District of Michigan, filed as a Foreign Agent on behalf of Gotion, Inc., a Chinese electric vehicle battery maker. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Some of these PRC-connected entities have direct connections to the President of the United States. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-navy-sailor-admits-taking-bribe-sharing-military-data-with-china-2023-10-10/
- https://efile.fara.gov/ords/fara/f?p=1381:11:13595724274783::NO::P11_CNTRY:CH
- https://oversight.house.gov/blog/joe-biden-lied-at-least-15-times-about-his-familys-business-schemes/
- https://www.thedailybeast.com/meet-the-us-officials-who-now-lobby-for-china
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, officials, political parties, and political elites try to suppress criticism of the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
6 countries chose this answer
0/ No
72 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
92 countries answered this indicator; 6 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with the PRC.
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
72 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The U.S.-China Working Group, founded in 2005, seeks to build diplomatic relations with China and educate Members of Congress through meetings and briefings with business, academic and political leaders from the U.S. and China. The Working Group has conducted numerous visits to China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country receives foreign aid or significant in-kind donations from the PRC.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in the PRC or denied exit for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy.”
2024
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
81 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Several American citizens such as David McMahon, David Lin, Kai Li, and Mark Swidan have been detained in China for multiple years. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.
- https://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-blinken-wrongfully-detained-americans-chinese/
- https://www.rfa.org/english/commentaries/china-usa-prisoners-03062023155817.html
- https://safeguarddefenders.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Trapped%20-%20China%E2%80%99s%20Expanding%20Use%20of%20Exit%20Bans.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government officials participate in events or projects affiliated with the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED, 中国环境与发展国际合作委员会).
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
69 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
94 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Many American CEOs and presidents of NGOs participate in CCICED events but there was no evidence of participation by government officials in 2023.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has signed an agreement with the PRC to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Strategic Partnership" or beyond.
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
73 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country unquestionably uses PRC’s "One China Principle" which articulates that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, rather than my country's own "One China Policy."
2024
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
29 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
66 countries chose this answer
95 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016); except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 7.
2024
Oppose
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
60 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
17 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The US State Department has "call[ed] upon the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to respect the international law of the sea in the South China Sea, as reflected in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, and its legal obligations pursuant to the 2016 arbitral ruling." Therefore, the Index country has rejected the PRC’s territorial claim and the Indicator warrants a 0 score.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy towards the Uyghur population in Xinjiang.
2024
Oppose
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
30 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
31 countries chose this answer
97 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The US State Department has condemned "the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) ongoing genocide and crimes against humanity in Xinjiang and the evidence of widespread use of forced labor there." Therefore, the Index country has denounced the PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population and the Indicator warrants a 0 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's treatment, governance, or policy toward the Tibet population.
2024
Oppose
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
20 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
55 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
21 countries chose this answer
96 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The US State Department has taken actions to respond to China's coercive policies that "seek to eliminate Tibet’s distinct linguistic, cultural, and religious traditions among younger generations of Tibetans." Therefore, the Index country has denounced the PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population and the Indicator warrants a 0 score.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has supported, remained silent about, or opposed the PRC's ongoing repression in Hong Kong, such as the imposition of the National Security Law or other actions to persecute Hong Kong protestors or activists.
2024
Oppose
0/ My country has rejected PRC‘s claim
25 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC‘s claim
27 countries chose this answer
98 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The US State Department has stated that the "extraterritorial application of the Beijing-imposed National Security Law is a dangerous precedent that threatens the human rights and fundamental freedoms of people all over the world." Therefore, the Index country has denounced the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong and the Indicator warrants a 0 score.”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.