Law Enforcement

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are many places, no matter private properties or public places, that were installed the China-made CCTV systems. The well-known cases were the Hikvision systems in the underground passages in Taichung City, and in all Haililao Restaurant branches in Taiwan. According to the investigation of National Information and Communication Security Taskforce, many public sectors and their outsource suppliers use Chinese hardwares. The majority of the Chinese hardwares are the drones and video recording devices from Da-Jiang Innovations; internet and video recording devices from TP-Link; and video recording devices from Hikvision.

1. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201907180155.aspx
2. https://www.dw.com/zh/a-57311032
3. https://nicst.ey.gov.tw/Page/8770AD7511CB8DC9/fd432cc0-8dab-4412-8d60-87fa3fd57105

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chen Yu-jie

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/FL3jg

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/xh7cw

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Hikvision cameras observed at Changi Airport.

1. https://titan-sg.com/
2. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/new-technology-to-help-police-fight-crime-and-enforce-law
3. https://sg.news.yahoo.com/90000-police-cameras-installed-singapore-shanmugam-102536548.html

Supplementary Notes

Seems like there is some licensing by the Singapore Police Force for digital surveillance products and admiration for the PRC system by the Home Affairs Minister.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Kyrgyzstan, advanced facial recognition technology is being deployed by one of the military equipment suppliers in Beijing, whose technology was used to establish control over Xinjiang, a region of China historically populated by Muslims. China National Electronics Import and Export Corporation (CEIEC) reportedly delivers its products to Kyrgyzstan free of charge.

1. https://russian.eurasianet.org/%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%B2-%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E-%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8E-%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2019, Tokayev visited the offices of Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Company during a trip to China, and afterwards spoke glowingly of the company’s surveillance capabilities. Tokayev instructed Kazakhstan’s development planners to follow China’s example and deepen the collection of citizens’ personal identification information. He especially noted Chinese progress in areas such facial recognition, the usage of biometric and medical data, and the collection of employment and credit history—information which, if systematically collected and stored, would allow the government to track its citizens at a granular level—and held up these advances as a model for Kazakhstan. Link

1. https://jamestown.org/program/tracking-the-digital-component-of-the-bri-in-central-asia-part-two-developments-in-kazakhstan/

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese IT giant Huawei signed an agreement with the Armenian government in December 2017 to implement its “Smart City” technology in Yerevan. A key component of the Huawei Smart City solution “is the ability to identify, monitor and track both people and goods and services,” Adrian Shahbaz, research director for technology and democracy at Freedom House, told Eurasianet. The program requires thousands of security cameras to be installed in public places, which often use facial recognition technology to identify people and license plates. Shahbaz said he was alarmed by “the awesome power that this gives the authorities to control societies.” A separate post on the Huawei Armenia website in April 2018 claimed the project could address a wide array of issues, such as improving transportation, providing access to education, preventing crime and boosting economic development.

1. https://eurasianet.org/armenia-mulls-chinese-surveillance-tech

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In February, Tajikistan’s government announced a new identification system that requires phone users to provide fingerprints and privacy-invasive medical information in order to purchase SIM cards, according to Eurasianet. Huawei, which is reportedly working closely with the government to develop this system, has so far offered no information on where the data will be stored. Link Dealings with Huawei go a little further back in Tajikistan. In 2013, the government sealed a $22 million deal for the company to install hundreds of CCTV and traffic cameras around the capital, Dushanbe. Link

1. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/15/huawei-xinjiang-kazakhstan-uzbekistan-china-surveillance-state-eyes-central-asia/
2. https://eurasianet.org/china-taking-big-brother-to-central-asia

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence within the research period, but it's been ongoing since 2014.

1. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Passcode/2014/0325/With-new-Chinese-cyber-tools-Ethiopia-more-easily-spies-on-its-people

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/counties/article/2000125287/safaricom-reveals-huawei-involvement-in-cctv-tender

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://techpoint.africa/2020/01/08/cctv-cameras-in-nigeria

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei digital surveillance technology deployed in parts of the country - specifically near or in designated smart cities.

1. https://africacenter.org/spotlight/surveillance-technology-in-africa-security-concerns/

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The state government of Bahia implemented a public security pilot project using Huawei's face recognition system. Campinas also has a public security pilot project that uses the same technology from Huawei.

1. http://www.ssp.ba.gov.br/2019/05/5695/Bahia-apresenta-resultado-do-Reconhecimento-Facial-na-China.html
2. https://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/noticias-integra.php?id=35530

Supplementary Notes

This has already been highlighted in previous indicators.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The project BOL-110 was build in cooperation with the PRC and using PRC-connected entities technology.

1. https://www.comunicacion.gob.bo/?q=20190821/27546

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Security cameras in Jujuy, a sudden hotbed of conflict between the US and China (reference 1).

1. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/tecnologia/camaras-seguridad-jujuy-subito-foco-conflicto-eeuu-nid2265032/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Uruguay uses video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC.

1. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/WP-Feldstein-AISurveillance_final1.pdf
2. https://www.gub.uy/agencia-uruguaya-cooperacion-internacional/comunicacion/noticias/china-dona-equipos-de-video-vigilancia

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has been implementation of CCTV systems from Hikvision or Dahua, but this is restrained just to a few districts, and no face registration or recognition technology has been involved.

1. https://interferencia.cl/articulos/prevencion-del-delito-adquiere-mil-camaras-de-televigilancia-cuestionadas-por
2. https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/chile/2020/10/08/prevencion-del-delito-contraloria-objeta-compra-de-mil-camaras-de-vigilancia-por-14-mil-millones.shtml
3. https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2021/02/19/noticia-carabineros-chile-adjudica-sonda-sistema-control-detenidos-unidades.html
4. https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2021/01/06/martorell-en-problemas-informe-de-chile-compra-revela-que-subsecretaria-incumplio-bases-de-licitacion-para-adquisicion-de-camaras-para-carabineros/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.chinacelacforum.org/esp/zgtlmjlbgjgx_2/t1556027.htm
2. https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/politica/Vigilancia-biometrica-el-tortuoso-camino-de-Coahuila-hacia-el-reconocimiento-facial-20201211-0046.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3127447/policia-peru-encarga-hytera-mantenimiento-sistema-tetra

Supplementary Notes

In 2017, the Chinese government donated 4,000 computers to the Ministry of Justice in Peru.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.infobae.com/america/the-new-york-times/2019/04/24/como-el-metodo-de-vigilancia-estatal-chino-y-su-tecnologia-represiva-se-expanden-por-todo-el-mundo/
2. https://www.nytimes.com/es/2019/04/24/espanol/america-latina/ecuador-vigilancia-seguridad-china.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below links.

1. https://www.cctvnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=214636
2. https://www.edaily.co.kr/news/read?newsId=03250486625969984&mediaCodeNo=257

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below article.

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-amazon-com-cameras/exclusive-amazon-turns-to-chinese-firm-on-u-s-blacklist-to-meet-thermal-camera-needs-idUSKBN22B1AL

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

2019 article regarding the government use of Chinese equipment for internet surveillance system: Link

1. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/FP_20200428_china_surveillance_greitens_v3.pdf
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/philippines-telecoms/china-backed-telecom-firm-says-wont-spy-on-philippines-idINL4N2GE1IN
3. https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/11/22/DILG-Chinese-CCTV-Manila-Safe-Philippines.html

Supplementary Notes

Even during the pre-pandemic situation, there is a tight tie between China and the Philippines wherein the country has been using the China provided surveillance and security system. The recent project was the DITO Telecom that aims to provide completion to the telecom duopoly in the country. Even with criticism, the government and even China assures that the communications equipment it will install at military camps will be used no be used for spying.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• …As Cambodia moves closer to commune elections expected in 2022 and general elections in 2023, rights groups are already warning the Hun Sen government may attempt to use technology to stifle dissent, in order to cement its position and suppress what remains of the political opposition. And while the parallels to China might not be exact, speculation continues to be rife about advice and assistance Beijing is offering to some countries – including in Southeast Asia – with respect to digital controls… Link • …The “Great Firewall” on which the decree is based was gradually built by China in order to control the news and information available to Chinese Internet users, as RSF describes in its 2019 report entitled “China’s Pursuit of a New World Media Order.” Last year, Hun Sen reinforced his legislative machinery for controlling independent media by using the Covid-19 pandemic as a pretext for adopting an emergency law institutionalizing censorship of all media outlets…. Link • China Gives $3M for City Surveillance System Link • China's Web Surveillance Model Expands Abroad: …The countries that have sought training from Chinese officials stretch from Asia to South America, from Africa to the Middle East and into Eastern Europe. They include: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India… Link • Cambodia sets up China-style internet firewall Link

1. https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/whats-in-cambodias-new-internet-gateway-decree/
2. https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-decries-cambodian-plan-chinese-style-great-firewall
3. https://english.cambodiadaily.com/news/china-gives-3m-for-phnom-penh-surveillance-system-66349/
4. https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2018-11-01/china-expands-its-surveillance-model-by-training-other-governments
5. https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2069847/cambodia-sets-up-china-style-internet-firewall

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Malaysian police adopt Chinese AI surveillance technology: …The company's technology can identify a person from its database of 1.8 billion people within 3 seconds with an accuracy of 95%. It has been rolled out in 150 cities in 28 provinces in China, where it is used in public spaces such as airports, banks and hospitals... …The government in Kuala Lumpur last year signed agreements with Chinese telecommunications company Huawei Technologies to explore the use of cloud platforms and intelligent analytics in public security…. Link Authoritarians Are Exporting Surveillance Tech, And With it Their Vision for the Internet: …Within the last year, Chinese companies have been involved in exports of facial recognition tech to regimes in Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Zimbabwe, and Malaysia… Link

1. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Chinas-startup-supplies-AI-backed-wearable-cameras-to-Malaysian-police
2. https://www.cfr.org/blog/authoritarians-are-exporting-surveillance-tech-and-it-their-vision-internet

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Hikvision cameras are used in countless government facilities.

1. https://ekspress.delfi.ee/artikkel/92718953/eesti-politsei-suunas-riigihanke-kahtlase-kuulsusega-hiina-firmale

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Surveillance cameras made by Hikvision.

1. https://www.lupa.cz/clanky/cinske-kamery-hikvision-pobezi-na-ceskem-softwaru-angelcam-ma-jim-dodat-duveryhodnost/

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2018, the Border Police of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a donation from the PRC in the amount of 9.5 million KM, renewed a part of the specialist equipment for surveillance and border checks. This equipment is still in use.

1. http://www.granpol.gov.ba/data/documents/pdf/Brosura%20za%202019.godinu.pdf

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

28 local councils across the UK, including half of London councils, have purchased and use Hikvision surveillance technology or Zhejiang Dahua Technology. There is no update yet as to whether these councils have made efforts to remove this equipment from their councils. The Metropolitan Police is among 15 police forces found to use Hikvision and Dahua cameras. The Devon and Cornwall Police, and Dorset Police, together use DJI platforms and drones for emergency response along the British coastlines. These were first deployed in 2015. In 2020, there were reports of the MOD using DJI drones in order to secure training grounds at Salisbury Plains against illegal public access.

1. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/british-using-chinese-cctv-linked-to-repression-of-uighurs-jzlkpjxhw
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-tech-china-idUSKBN2AI0QJ
3. https://insidedio.blog.gov.uk/2020/08/03/eye-in-the-sky-drones-at-salisbury-plain/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Hikvision supplies CCTV systems for the Suez Governorate in Egypt through Caesar Security Services, which is a Hikvision Silver Value Added Solutions Partner. In the first phase of the project, Hikvision surveillance products were installed on 15 buses. As of June 2018, the second phase planned to install the same Hikvision mobile CCTV system on 50 more buses and a Hikvision LCD video wall at the Suez Governorate central control room. The surveillance system allows for local recording and remote viewing." Link

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2401

Supplementary Notes

"Egypt, China partners on $45m grant for EgyptSat-2" Link “On 13/ 8/2018 Egypt and China signed an agreement to implement the project to establish a satellite (EgyptSat2) for remote sensing applications, at a value of 45 million dollars. The agreement was signed by the Egyptian side. Sahar Nasr, Minister of Investment and International Cooperation, and on the Chinese side, Song Aiguo, Chinese Ambassador to Cairo, in the presence of Dr. Khaled Abdel Ghaffar, Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, and representatives of the National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences to complete the $23 million grant for a satellite assembly project in cooperation with the Chinese Space Agency” Link

1. https://africanews.space/egypt-china-partners-on-45m-grant-for-egyptsat-2/
2. https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/93137/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A?lang=ar

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://rs.n1info.com/vesti/a472007-share-huawei-vec-postavio-kamere-za-video-nadzor-u-beogradu/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Hikvision is the market leader in Surveillance cameras and the Chinese Government holds 41% of the company and has 35% market share in India. Moreover, It has also crawled its way to Prime Minister's “Make in India’ Initiatives. Hikvision India is named as Prama Hikvision India Pvt. Ltd and is also one of the vendors for Bharat Electronics (BEL) that works on highly sensitive and classified defense projects in India. Hikvision has allegedly also supplied solutions to Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), and the Special Protection Group (SPG), which is responsible for the security of the prime minister.

1. https://theprint.in/opinion/chinas-hikvision-controls-indias-surveillance-market-modi-needs-to-do-more-than-ban-apps/452014/
2. https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/09/03/indian-military-under-target-by-chinese-origin-surveillance-systems.html

Supplementary Notes

However, agencies are more aware of these issues currently.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"In 2009, the two countries signed a new agreement whereby Beijing provides $3.7 million to the Uzbek authorities to equip its border crossings with mobile scanning systems." Link

1. https://jamestown.org/program/military-cooperation-between-china-and-central-asia-breakthrough-limits-and-prospects/
2. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2479

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://allafrica.com/stories/202111040537.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.nextgov.com/emerging-tech/2018/11/china-exporting-its-digital-surveillance-methods-african-governments/152495/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Hikvision cameras have been used in border patrol, as well as prison monitoring systems. (see below URL)

1. https://dennikn.sk/2149583/problem-hikvision-ako-slovensko-pusta-rizikovu-cinsku-firmu-do-bezpecnostnej-infrastruktury/

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Under the 'Digital Sylhet City' project, around 110 Face Recognition and Automatic Number-plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras have been installed in different points of the city. Additionally free Wi-Fi zones were created at 62 locations in Sylhet with a total of 126 access points. China's Huawei Technologies Co Ltd provided the tracking system solutions and the devices required for this project.

1. https://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/2019/07/29/high-tech-security-cameras-installed-in-sylhet
2. https://www.jagonews24.com/en/tech/news/46623

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Equipment made by China's controversial Hikvision, Dahua and Nuctech companies has been used by Lithuania's Dignitary Protection Service, migration and police departments, State Border Guard Service, Public Security Service and at least one state-owned enterprise.

1. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1139300/chinese-cameras-banned-in-us-monitor-lithuanian-leaders-lrt-investigation
2. https://www.delfi.lt/en/politics/customs-sign-contract-with-chinas-nuctech-on-border-scanners.d?id=88230395

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://ecfr.eu/publication/let-a-thousand-contacts-bloom-how-china-competes-for-influence-in-bulgaria/

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to ChinaTechMap, Hungarian police purchased surveillance equipment for law enforcement.

1. https://www.sourcesecurity.com/news/dahua-technology-headquarters-visited-delegation-hungarian-co-4261-ga.1595239790.html
2. https://dailynewshungary.com/questionable-face-recognition-cameras-to-be-installed-in-hungary/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is said in the report named "China delivered security equipment to Afghanistan" that,China had provided explosive-detective equipment and security scanners that could detect and destroy explosive materials.

1. https://www.bbc.com/pashto/afghanistan/2016/07/160710_gn_china_400_military_equipments_to_kabul_police

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"At a security get together in May 2019, the Uzbek government shared its “safe cities” successes with officials from Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan...Turkmenistan in 2017 and Tajikistan in 2018 adopted new policies that nevertheless still remain limited in reach given poor enforcement."

1. https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/smart-cities-or-surveillance-huawei-in-central-asia/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://nyti.ms/3tgu3bo

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://sertv.gob.pa/nacionalfm/presidente-varela-inaugura-centro-de-seguridad-y-emergencias-c2-en-colon/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Both Dahua and Hikvision are present in Romania, so it is very likely that local authorities may use them for video surveillance. But there is no public information available about such contracts

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOv-2Z_FO7w

Supplementary Notes

The Ministry of Defense and several health institutions used Hikvision termovision surveillance systems. As noted for indicator 6.4, the Moldovan police is also using PRC equipment for traffic monitoring

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

At least one such case does exist, so the system seems to be in use

1. https://ain.capital/2021/05/19/what-is-wrong-with-hikvision/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/5g-gara-un-miliardo-le-forze-polizia-ammesse-anche-cinesi-huawei-e-zte-AEgh22L
2. https://formiche.net/2019/04/roma-ignora-gli-alert-sul-made-china-telecamere-huawei-due-quartieri/
3. https://www.milanofinanza.it/news/tecnologie-huawei-per-l-ecosistema-alert-alla-polizia-su-attivita-illegali-202111231314046829

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ftm.nl/artikelen/overheid-ontbeert-inventaris-hikvision-dahua?share=W98HLiwW3L6l0geMIh%2BgCNj4a76ydjQmoivy7uerUTfi1puLzN3QhIksvT%2BYzNA%3D
2. https://www.ftm.nl/artikelen/de-ogen-van-chinees-staatsbedrijf-hikvision-zijn-overal?share=cgWeDAdNFx2aaonU7HPknuek6vNwotXnU7RoSUuC%2B2GkmJU7L%2B6zVFzIm1RhFEY%3D

Supplementary Notes

See also domain 6, indicator 4. Camera's used of PRC companies Hikvision and Dahua

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I found only these two cases of certain significance.

1. https://www.xataka.com/drones/asi-nuevo-megadron-autonomo-policia-nacional-regalo-china-que-pesa-600-kg-alcanza-130-km-h
2. https://www.elconfidencial.com/empresas/2020-06-30/aena-adif-operan-empresa-china-escaner-eeuu-quiere-expulsar-ue_2660659/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Pakistan and China have a lot of information and intelligence sharing, but it's not discussed in the public domain. It includes internet traffic, video, etc.

1. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-steps-up-deployment-of-ai-powered-surveillance-systems-on-borders-with-china-pakistan/articleshow/93402906.cms
2. https://theprint.in/world/china-installs-over-500-surveillance-cameras-in-gwadar-city-of-pakistan/1007442/
3. https://technologytimes.pk/2021/08/15/lahore-safe-city-launch-investigation-against-huawei-on-llegation-of-installing-back-door-data/
4. https://www.aboutpakistan.com/news/gwadar-safe-city-project-to-be-completed-in-next-six-months/

Supplementary Notes

Pakistan and China have a lot of information and intelligence sharing, but it's not discussed in the public domain. It includes internet traffic, video, etc.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Indonesia, to some extent, has received some surveillance technology systems from the PRC tech-firm giant Huawei (for purposes related to facial recognition, smart policing, etc.) although there is no report that the appliances have been utilised. There is a training given by Huawei to the staff of The Ministry of National Development Planning/Bappenas and the Directorate General of Immigration on ICT training to accelerate digital transformation in the government sector.

1. https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/09/17/global-expansion-of-ai-surveillance-pub-79847
2. https://techno.okezone.com/read/2021/03/25/16/2384018/huawei-gandeng-kementerian-bpn-bappenas-dan-ditjen-imigrasi-kembangkan-sdm-digital

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No public info available.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://www.embapartwroc.com.tw/convenios_bilaterales_es

Supplementary Notes

Paraguay does not have diplomatic relations with the PRC, but rather recognizes Taiwan. For this reason, this kind of cooperation it is no possible.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no reports of this having happened. It should be noted, however, that Chinese technology companies Dahua Technology and Hikvision have established local subsidiaries.

1. https://q.stock.sohu.com/newpdf/201934732856.pdf
2. https://www.hikvision.com/en/about-us/contact-us/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/1801074/watch-this-china-surveillance-tech-seeks-to-go-global
2. https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/2103251/china-starts-large-scale-testing-of-its-internet-of-the-future

Supplementary Notes

China surveillance tech seeks to go global …With 89 out of 1,100 companies demonstrating their wares at the Milipol security trade fair, China is the best represented of the 53 nations present save for host nation France…. …The firm has already sold a model to Thailand for use in monitoring forest fires, but the GDU says the drones are capable of tracking up to 30 targets while the cameras can feed systems that identify licence plates or faces… Link .. The outreach aims to expand the influence of China's most advanced information infrastructure to neighbouring countries including Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand, the researcher said. Link

1. https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/1801074/watch-this-china-surveillance-tech-seeks-to-go-global
2. https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/2103251/china-starts-large-scale-testing-of-its-internet-of-the-future

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

The originally response given was YES and the supporting evidence was provided. However in comment I suggested that the response would be more accurate in 0-4 matrix as Chinese video surveillance systems (equipment solutions) are deployed by the Polish judiciary, prisons but still not on a massive scale, which is incomparable with other countries. The answer for the question n 0-4 matrix would require in depth research unless the relevant report covering the relevant information is published in the future.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence is identified.

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2014, a mobile electronic surveillance system for infectious diseases (MESSID) was deployed in Sierra Leone but was not for law enforcemnet

1. https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2021.189

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Information source with the PRO of the Gambian Ministry of Defence as well as the director of information service at at the Ministry of Information suggest the Gambia is yet to deploy internet surveillance system from the PRC.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While the answer is negative this needs qualification because of the proximity that entities such as Huawei have with the Chinese government. From this background, if Huawei technology has been used in Zambia, it would not be farfetched to suspect that the Chinese government can benefit or have access to it

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has up until now been no public report of such a phenomenon in Austria.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence for this claim.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.skroutz.gr/c/688/kameres-parakolouthisis/f/917397/Wi-Fi.html
2. https://www.skroutz.gr/c/688/kameres-parakolouthisis/f/917398/exoterikou-chorou.html

Supplementary Notes

No reports about state services using Chinese surveillance equipment. At the same time, Chinese cameras are widely available on the market and are purchased by private customers.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

El gobierno presentó un portafolio de proyectos a autoridades del gobierno chino, con propuestas de interés para el Ministerio de Seguridad de CR, principalmente enfocados en tecnología y monitoreo. Hasta la fecha, solo se reportó haber recibido donaciones y cooperación en cuanto a equipo policial y no directamente en este tipo de tecnología.

1. https://bit.ly/3GZjkaY
2. https://bit.ly/3wGuNHA

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.airporthaber.com/havacilik-haberleri/iga-xray-cihazlari-icin-anlasma-imzaladi.html
2. https://www.voanews.com/a/security-scanners-across-europe-tied-to-china-government-military/6404710.html

Supplementary Notes

Recently, Chinese private security service companies entered Turkish market eyeing large tenders. Especially, Nuchtech’s scanners, x-ray devices and camera systems are reportedly being used in Turkish airports and ports.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.