Military

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/oCcVi

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/RsWqf

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2021, the joint naval exercise between Indonesia and the PRC. The drills were part of PLA Navy’s annual training programme.

1. https://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/05/10/21/china-indonesia-hold-joint-naval-exercises-near-jakarta

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Singapore Armed Forces conducts periodic military exercises with the PLA.

1. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/larger-scale-military-exercises-in-store-as-singapore-and-china-upgrade-defence-pact
2. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/saf-and-pla-jointly-conduct-counter-terrorist-urban-raid-to-wrap-up-10-day-exercise
3. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202102/1216628.shtml
4. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-china-peoples-liberation-army-military-exercise-11758952
5. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-china-sign-ng-eng-hen--defence-agreement-scale-up-army-12018308
6. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3122895/china-and-singapore-start-joint-naval-drills-beijing-boosts
7. https://www.newsweek.com/singapore-holds-naval-drill-china-us-remains-top-security-partner-1571940
8. https://mothership.sg/2020/04/singapore-mindef-covid-19-china-pla/

Supplementary Notes

Joint exercises seem to be increasing in frequency, size, and sophistication over the years.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) held its first joint exercises with Kyrgyzstan in October 2002. From 2003 to 2016, the Chinese army carried out a total of thirty-nine drills together with the countries of Central Asia. Of those, the most joint exercises were held with neighboring Kazakhstan (sixteen), Tajikistan (eleven), and Kyrgyzstan (ten). In 2002, the first joint exercises between China and Kyrgyzstan were held—China’s first-ever bilateral exercise. All member states, except Uzbekistan, participated. In 2007, two joint military exercises were organized. The first, called “2007 Anti-Terror Issyk-Kul,” took place in late May on the shores of Lake Issyk-Kul and brought together SCO soldiers as well as officials from the CSTO and representatives of the security agencies and special services of each member state. The PRC continues to expand the PLA’s participation in bilateral and multilateral military exercises, normalizing the PLA’s presence overseas and establishing ties to foreign militaries. For example, in 2019 the PLA participated in Russia's national-level exercise TSENTR-19 along with forces from India, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Similarly, the PAP has conducted drills and enhanced cooperation with Central Asian national guard units, with Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan taking part in an exercise in 2019.

1. https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
2. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
3. https://media.defense.gov/2020/Sep/01/2002488689/-1/-1/1/2020-DOD-CHINA-MILITARY-POWER-REPORT-FINAL.PDF
4. https://www.rferl.org/a/china-seen-as-rising-military-power-in-central-asia-foreshadowing-future-friction-with-russia/30639964.html

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It was not until August 2003, in eastern Kazakhstan and Xinjiang, that the first multilateral military exercises took place, involving thousands of Chinese, Russian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Tajik military personnel. All member states, except Uzbekistan, participated. In 2006, the East anti-Terror exercises in Uzbekistan were held, in which all the security services were involved. In 2010, exercises held on the Matybulak polygon in the Semirechie region of Kazakhstan, where a number of military experts from China and Russia have already prepared the simulations. Link Chen Bingde (R), chief of the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, meets with Saken Zhasuzakov, first deputy defense minister and chief of the staff of Kazakhstan's Armed Forces, in Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sept. 9, 2010. Chen visited Almaty on Thursday to attend the opening ceremony of the "Peace Mission - 2010" anti-terrorism military exercise, which is launched under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in south Kazakhstan from Sept. 9 to 25. Link Since 2002, the military and other security forces of Kazakhstan and China have engaged in some two dozen bilateral and multilateral military exercises Link

1. https://jamestown.org/program/kazakhstan-china-military-exchanges-continue/
2. http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/7135744.html
3. https://jamestown.org/program/military-cooperation-between-china-and-central-asia-breakthrough-limits-and-prospects/

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese and Russian forces will take part in joint military exercises in southern Russia later this month along with troops from Armenia, Belarus, Iran, Myanmar, Pakistan and others, China's defence ministry announced Thursday. The "Caucus 2020" drills will deploy wheeled vehicles and light weaponry to be flown to the drill location by China's latest version transport aircraft, the ministry said in a news release. The exercises running Sept 21-26 will focus on defensive tactics, encirclement and battlefield control and command, the ministry said.

1. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/china-pakistan-others-to-be-part-of-caucus-2020-a-joint-military-drill-in-russia/articleshow/78031250.cms?from=mdr

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Tajikistan, China to hold another joint military drill in Pamirs Link

1. https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-china-to-hold-another-joint-military-drill-in-pamirs

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This link verifies a Chinese security contractor in Africa particularly Nigeria, they carry out trainings for security agencies: Link

1. http://www.cdsndu.org/Uploads/file/20210526/3b1a79d24eddc53d7065a5d08e67ab9d.pdf

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin and Farida Adamu

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/south-africas-military-drills-with-russia-and-china-raise-eyebrows

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are reports of joint participation in drills, but Chinese participants have only numbered a few dozen.

1. http://www.fuerzasmilitares.org/notas/colombia/ejercito-nacional/7145-tap-50.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcU3K0RV1hQ
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20210524174428/http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2016-10/28/content_7331725.htm

Supplementary Notes

This indicator seems to be beginning to appear. This connection was done during the last administration (Peña Nieto), it seems it could increase during this administration.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://elperuano.pe/noticia/100450-promover-la-cooperacion-entre-china-y-peru-en-defensa-de-la-paz-y-estabilidad-mundial

Supplementary Notes

In the last 10 years, PLA has cooperated with the Peruvian Armed Forces. Usually, through military assimilated to medical units.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

1. https://mazo4f.com/enterese-rusia-y-china-se-uniran-a-ejercicios-militares-por-bicentenario-de-angostura
2. https://k.sina.cn/article_2160553221_m80c76d0503300voqi.html?ztpage=$ztpage

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China-ASEAN Joint Maritime Exercise in 2018 with Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, the Philippines, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma Page 25 Link China's armed forces have sent military personnel to participate in multilateral engagements including the ADMM-Plus Experts' Working Group Table-Top Exercise on Peacekeeping Operations in the Philippines in February 2014/ Link

1. https://fas.org/man/eprint/dod-china-2019.pdf
2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/18/c_139376725.htm

Supplementary Notes

None

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

… China and Thailand will hold joint exercises beginning this month, China’s Ministry of Defence said on Friday, in another sign of improving relations since the Thai military seized power in 2014… Link …In addition, top-level Thai officials have been visiting military educational institutions affiliated with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China. Both sides have also conducted military drills together for both navy and air forces on an annual basis… Link What’s in China’s Military Exercise with Malaysia and Thailand? Link Joint Military Drills: China, Thailand and Malaysia to conduct military exercise Link China, Thailand Joint Air Force Exercise Highlights Warming Ties Link … In May 2019, China and Thailand held the amphibious landing section of the Blue Commando-2019 joint naval drills in the Honghai Bay… Link

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-thailand-idUSKCN0Y417U
2. https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-11-03/There-s-more-than-growing-military-ties-to-Sino-Thai-relations-LiMJV1MZ9K/index.html
3. https://thediplomat.com/2018/10/whats-in-chinas-military-exercise-with-malaysia-and-thailand/
4. https://news.cgtn.com/news/356b444f78494464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/share_p.html
5. https://jakartaglobe.id/news/china-thailand-joint-air-force-exercise-highlights-warming-ties/
6. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1206994.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• Cambodia and China hold their annual Golden Dragon military exercise in what observers describe as a move to demonstrate close ties with China. Some 260 troops of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and about 2,700 hosting forces of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) participate in the drills in Chum Kiri district in Kampot province, the Cambodian Defense Ministry said during a press briefing in March… Link This is the fourth time that Beijing and Phnom Penh have held the annual Golden Dragon exercise since late 2016. In early 2017, Cambodia canceled its annual military exercises with both the U.S. and Australia • Cambodia kicks off drills with 'great friend' China as U.S. ties sour Link • Cambodia, China launch joint military exercise on anti-terrorism, humanitarian rescue Link • … The Golden Dragon joint military drill was held for the first time in 2016, the second in 2018 and the third in 2019. Around 3,000 soldiers from both armies have attended each event…. Link

1. https://www.voacambodia.com/a/amid-coronavirus-pandemic-cambodia-holds-joint-military-exercises-with-chinese-troops/5350476.html
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cambodia-china-military-idUSKCN1GT05F
3. http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-03/15/content_75817379.htm
4. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/sino-cambodian-military-drill-begins

Supplementary Notes

military defense website links are no longer active, information may have been taken down recently.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Joint Military Drills: China, Thailand and Malaysia to conduct military exercise Link China, Malaysia start first joint military exercise Link …Members of the Chinese People's Liberation Army learned jungle tracking and survival techniques from Malaysian forces in the past few days, while the Malaysian Armed Forces learned skills related to combat, jungle warfare and indoor shooting in urban areas from China, Li said… Link …He highlighted "military cooperation," saying it has "hit new heights in recent years." Aside from the joint military training exercises in 2015 between Chinese and Malaysian armed forces, Najib revealed that that the two countries will be finalizing "the first significant defense deal" during his trip…. Link China, Malaysia undertake joint military exercises Link China, Malaysia and Thailand joint military drill concludes Link …The exercise will be read as a boost to the bilateral defense relationship and the China-Malaysia comprehensive strategic partnership more generally. While the two countries had held their first ever bilateral military drills in December 2014 last year under the banner of “Peace and Friendship 2014,” that was a joint table-top exercise held at the MAF Joint Warfare Center. This year would mark the first time that the PLA and MAF have conducted a joint live-troop exercise…. Link China, Malaysia start joint military exercise Link China’s navy to join Thailand and Malaysia for training exercise as military seeks to build bridges with neighbours Link China, Malaysia start first joint military exercise Link

1. https://news.cgtn.com/news/356b444f78494464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/share_p.html
2. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/943289.shtml
3. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-11/26/content_27491582.htm
4. http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2016-10/30/content_39599238.htm
5. https://vov.vn/en/world/china-malaysia-undertake-joint-military-exercises-337448.vov
6. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-10/30/content_9326975.htm
7. https://thediplomat.com/2015/08/china-malaysia-to-hold-first-ever-joint-live-troop-exercise/
8. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-malaysia-start-joint-military-exercise
9. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2168558/chinas-navy-join-thailand-and-malaysia-training-exercise-strait
10. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/943289.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, but only in the medical area. There is a (usually annual or biannual) exercise with Bundeswehr and PLA medical units.

1. https://www.dw.com/en/chinese-german-army-medics-tackle-cholera-in-joint-drill/a-49624263

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow and Yu-Fen Lai, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

2021 "Ground, air and naval teams of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) that are scheduled to participate in the annual International Army Games starting on August 22. Venues in Korla, Northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region that will host several contests are eagerly preparing for the event, with Chinese observers saying on Monday that the Chinese teams will exchange valuable experience with their foreign counterparts, and that they will achieve good results with the deployment of advanced new equipment. Military participants from six foreign countries including Russia, Belarus and Egypt have arrived in Korla. The PLA Army will host and participate in three contests, involving infantry fighting vehicles, man-portable anti-aircraft missiles, and nuclear, biological and chemical reconnaissance, the Xinhua News Agency reported on Sunday." Link 2019 - “Egypt, China Hold Naval Drills in Mediterranean Sea” Link

1. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202108/1231623.shtml
2. https://see.news/egypt-china-hold-naval-drills/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

General He of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) participates with his soldiers in Warrior Competition funded and hosted by the King Abdullah II Special Operations Training Center (KASOTC), a facility run by the Jordanian Armed Forces. Link

1. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/05/a-dispatch-from-the-counterterrorism-olympics/370781/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

BEIRUT, Dec. 28, 2021 – “The 20th Chinese peacekeeping engineering contingent to Lebanon organized a night defense exercise against the severe local security situation on December 25, which aimed to temper the emergency response capability of peacekeepers.“ Link

1. http://eng.mod.gov.cn/news/2021-12/28/content_4901884.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://t24.com.tr/haber/turkiye-cin-ortak-tatbikati,110237

Supplementary Notes

Only one military exercise was organised by China and Turkey. In 2010, PLA and Turkish Armed Forces held a joint commando exercise in China.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

India took part in “Peace mission exercise drills” along with PLA and Pakistan army, which was conducted in Russia.

1. https://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/2021/aug/08/india-to-take-part-in-drills-with-chinas-peoples-liberation-armyand-pakistaniarmy-2341701.html
2. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/peace-mission-2021-indian-army-sco-joint-military-exercise-russia-1853099-2021-09-15
3. https://www.news18.com/news/india/peace-mission-2021-india-to-carry-out-military-drill-with-china-and-pakistan-4055390.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"China has also begun expanding its military ties with the region, conducting bilateral military exercises with the Central Asian countries bordering Afghanistan and forming the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in 2001, a Beijing-led security bloc that also includes Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, India , Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan." Link “All of the Chinese military's 17 teams with weapons and equipment have arrived at their venues in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan and Iran on Tuesday for the upcoming International Army Games 2021. More than 700 Chinese troops from the ground, naval and air forces as well as the strategic support force and the joint logistics support force will participate in 17 competitions in the four countries.” Link

1. https://rus.azattyq.org/a/tajikistan-china-war-on-terror-afghan/31512961.html
2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-08/17/c_1310132883.htm

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/north-east-asia/china/china-expands-its-peace-and-security-footprint-africa

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

evidence of military to military cooperation is overwhelming

1. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2019/642232/EPRS_BRI(2019)642232_EN.pdf
2. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-06/06/content_8053858.htm
3. https://allafrica.com/stories/199806180168.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.fahamu.org/ep_articles/china-tanzania-carrying-out-month-long-joint-naval-drills/
2. http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/7335565.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://standard.gm/gaf-to-send-11-soldiers-to-china-training/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

They conducted a medical rescue drill in Djibouti with PRC.

1. https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20181204/453335670359/china-y-espana-realizan-maniobras-conjuntas-de-rescate-medico-en-yibuti.html

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, regularly

1. https://pakobserver.net/pak-china-military-ties/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Taiwan would not cooperate with PLA on military exchange exercises since China is a military hostile country to Taiwan.

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-defence-idUSKBN2BB16V
2. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34729538

Supplementary Notes

China has viewed Taiwan as its breakaway province since KMT lost the civil war and fled to the island in 1949. And it has ramped up military activities in recent months, seeking to assert its sovereignty. The BBC article gives an overall description of the conflict between China and Taiwan.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Raymond Chen-En SUNG

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of this

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence was found that Brazil cooperated with the PLA in military exercises or war games. The search was carried out first by Google's search engine and later on the website of the Ministry of Defense, of Brazil, and on the websites of three major Brazilian newspapers. The intention was to find evidence of the practice of Brazil-PLA cooperation. On the other hand, it is known that in 2011 the Brazilian government signed an agreement with China on cooperation in defense matters. This agreement provides, for example: "military instruction and training, joint military exercises, as well as the exchange of information related to these matters". Still, no evidence of cooperation in practical military exercises was found. Through the Access to Information Law, this information was requested from the Ministry of Defense, that informed that no records were found related to military cooperation or exercises with the PLA.

1. http://antigo.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-BR/notas-a-imprensa/2565-atos-assinados-por-ocasiao-da-visita-da-presidenta-dilma-rousseff-a-republica-popular-da-china-pequim-12-de-abril-de-2011#ato1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of cooperation with the PLA.

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Francisco Cafiero, Secretary of International Affairs for the Defense of Argentina: “China is an enormously relevant partner" (reference 2). Argentina is not yet cooperating with China on military exercises, but there were recent declarations from officials from the National Defense Ministry about future cooperation.

1. https://www.defensa.com/argentina/lista-ejercicios-militares-otros-paises-americanos-fuerzas-2021
2. https://www.nodal.am/2021/03/francisco-cafiero-secretario-de-asuntos-internacionales-para-la-defensa-de-argentina-china-es-un-socio-de-enorme-relevancia/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There were not military exercises with China.

1. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/AEDS-08-2019-0121/full/html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Due to the existing link with Taiwan, this is not possible.

1. https://www.mre.gov.py/index.php/noticias-de-embajadas-y-consulados/paraguay-y-taiwan-celebran-63-anos-de-intenso-y-positivo-relacionamiento-bilateral

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This question was answered by the Defense Minister. In a new version of this study, we recommend giving the researchers at least five months so they can inquire some of these questions to transparency offices (which take three months to answer), and have a stronger backup information for these answers.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There have been no war games or exercises, but there have been advanced exchanges of battleships and field officers.

1. http://www.china-embassy.or.jp/jpn/jbwzlm/zrgx/t383140.htm
2. https://www.spf.org/china/news/20191003.html

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not within the given time-frame or in recent years.

Supplementary Notes

PLA participated in Erna Raid military exercise and competition from 1998 to 2005 and winning it in 2002. Link

1. https://www.riigikogu.ee/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Eesti_v-lispoliitika_Hiina_suhtes_v-imalused_ja_valikud.pdf

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence available.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Such cooperation does not appear to take place. The PRC Defence Attache to the UK has in 2020 called for the UK and China to start cooperation in these areas.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceuk/eng/HotTopics/jianjunjie/t1801270.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Chinese Defense Minister Liang Guanglie said that China looks forward to enhancing military exchanges and cooperation with Latvia"-Link Dialogue has been conducted in that regard but direct evidence of the military exchange exercises is not available.

1. http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/ctenglish/se/txt/2012-06/26/content_463136.htm

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This, again, is not the case.

Supplementary Notes

Zambia is not a militarized country, and hence there is little justification for such

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

None in the past four years. There was a joint exercise with India, Bangladesh, China and Myanmar in 2017.

1. https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/indian-army-to-have-joint-exercise-with-bangladeshi-chinese-myanmar-army-in-northeast-4922527/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence to suggest Bulgaria has military exchange exercises with the PRC

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has up until now been no public report of such a phenomenon in Austria.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NA

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence for this claim.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There were signs of cooperation back in 2012 but more recently relations seem to be at standstill.

1. https://www.armyrecognition.com/october_2012_new_army_military_defence_industry_uk/china_and_finland_want_to_exchange_military_collaboration_in_the_field_of_training_2310121.html
2. https://yle.fi/news/3-1182041

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://greekcitytimes.com/2017/07/28/greece-china-joint-military-exercises/
2. https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1158090/chinese-defense-minister-in-athens-to-promote-defence-cooperation/

Supplementary Notes

Some cooperation was discussed in the mid-2010s in the area of training. There has been one case, in 2017, of one-day joint naval drills off the coast of Athens. It was deemed highly symbolic, of little practical value. Since then, military cooperation between the two countries has been nil. This may have been one of the reasons for the visit of the PRC Defence Minister to Greece in 2021. Notably, the subject of military contacts between Greece and China is not covered at length by the media.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No mutual exchange exercises. But unconfirmed reports of PLA patrolling near Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan bordering Xinjiang aimed at counter-terrorism activities.

1. https://asiatimes.com/2018/09/is-china-deploying-pla-troops-in-afghanistan/
2. https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2017/03/05/chinese-troops-appear-to-be-operating-in-afghanistan-and-the-pentagon-is-ok-with-it/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Turkmenistan established itself as a permanently neutral State in 1995.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No existen evidencias de este tipo de colaboraciones con el ELP (PLA), pues la cooperación se da principalmente con autoridades estadounidenses en relación con el combate al narcotráfico, y no ejercicios militares, por el hecho de que CR no tiene ejército ni actividades ni presupuesto militar.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No existen este tipo de ejercicios en Ecuador, ni en países vecinos, hasta 2017, y mucho menos después, donde le Ecuador inicia un proceso de realineamiento a la perspectiva de seguridad hemisférica.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Este tipo de actividades las realizan las fuerzas especiales panameñas con el Comando Sur de EEUU.

1. https://pa.usembassy.gov/es/comando-sur-de-ee-uu-y-estamentos-de-seguridad-de-panama-realizan-ejercicio-panamax-para-la-proteccion-del-canal/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2009 and 2010, Romania and China held two joint military training exercises. There was also a military interaction in a port visit in Constanta by Chinese frigate Yantai, in 2012. Here is an excerpt from a 2012 article: "The mountain troops of the two armies held two joint trainings coded "Friendship Action" in 2009 and 2010 respectively, in which they exchanged training experience with each other and improved their ability to conduct joint operations. In addition, this year, the frigate "Yantai" of the 11th Escort Task Force of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy of China conducted a five-day goodwill visit to the Black Sea port city of Constanta from July 31 to August 4, during the visit, the navies of China and Romania conducted multi-level friendly exchanges." Since then, joint military training has ceased. However, I could not identify any official reason for this cessation. The military exercises were not of a significant scale, but rather of a symbolic nature. In my opinion, it is possible that these exercises have ceased because Romania has begun to define its role in NATO more clearly and to draw closer to the US amid the growing Russian threat

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/china-military/node_83134.htm

Supplementary Notes

We found no evidence of any PLA presence or influence in Moldova, which is not within the PRC's area of security / defense interests

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

expert interview

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://italian.irib.ir/notizie/mondo/item/192881-italia-e-cina-aumentano-le-cooperazioni-militari

Supplementary Notes

There is a piece of news on the internet about this in the past, but it is not corroborated with anything on Italy Defense Ministry website. Moreover it seems impossible that such cooperation exists today

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.nu.nl/politiek/3744286/nederland-zet-eerste-stappen-militaire-samenwerking-china.html
2. https://magazines.defensie.nl/defensiekrant/2014/08/hennis-in-china

Supplementary Notes

No information can be found. It does not fall under this indicator, but might be a good place to mention that the Netherlands and China did cooperate in some missions. Chinese military guarded the Dutch camp on their mission in Mali, and they cooperated in the anti piracy mission in Somalia. The Dutch defence minister visited China in 2014 and said it would be the start of closer cooperation, but little seems to have come of this

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred, but again diplomatic relations were reestablished on december 2021, so if this was to happen, it would happen in the future.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.