Military

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There have been cases of retired generals, or retire military personnel participated in confidential work, to receive benefits from China after retirement, and to develop organization and recruit current military personnel. The cases include: former wing commander Tu Yung-hsin attempted to recruit Taiwanese military officers to work for China and collaborate with the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in the event of a war, and was sentence to 4 years in October 2020. 4 retired personnel from Military Intelligence Bureau develop organization and gather national intelligence for China for benefits on commerce, money and free reception, and were prosecuted in February 2021.

1. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/12/26/2003728219
2. https://udn.com/news/story/7321/4935128
3. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202102205003.aspx

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Raymond Chen-En SUNG

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is government minister that is the prominent person enabling Jakarta’s growing ties with Beijing, which impacted positively toward his own coal mining business.

1. https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/24/07/2020/luhut-binsar-pandjaitan-prominent-enabler-behind-china-indonesia-relations
2. https://www.ft.com/content/13abc614-dc2c-4d1f-a0d9-0275476c6df2
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1823221.shtml
4. https://voi.id/en/news/26848/siap-siap-china-bakal-investasi-berbagai-sektor-di-indonesia-luhut-bakal-gunakan-tenaga-kerja-lokal
5. https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-indonesia-stateless/2018/12/727d7a2d-coalruption-english-web.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/george-yeo-to-retire-as-kerry-logistics-networks-chairman
2. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/150452
3. https://www.yicai.com/news/100130297.html
4. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/150452

Supplementary Notes

There are unverified reports of retired senior Singapore Armed Forces personnel working in China, including at Chinese firms. The nature of what they do is unclear. However, there is the prominent case of George Yeo, former Brigadier General and former Foreign Minister, joining the senior management of the Kerry Group. The Kerry Group reportedly has close ties with the CCP and its chairperson is a CPPCC member. Yeo's public writings have taken a clear pro-PRC turn.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A Chinese private security company in Kyrgyzstan has hired a retired former police chief of the region as lead commander of operation. This company itself is owned by a former PLA top personnel. I wrote about this topic in link, but this specific piece of information is off the record.

1. https://oxussociety.org/the-growth-adaptation-and-limitations-of-chinese-private-security-companies-in-central-asia/

Answered by Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.colliers.com/es-pe/articulos/puertochancay
2. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/rree/noticias/68619-cancilleria-realiza-la-reunion-informativa-establecimiento-de-un-hub-portuario-tecnologico-e-industrial-en-chancay

Supplementary Notes

Admiral Carlos Tejada Mera was the commander in chief of Peruvian Navy in 2014 to 2017. Also, Admiral Gonzalo Rios Polastri was the commander in chief of Peruvian Navy in 2017 to 2018. Now, both officers are employees of high rank in COSCO Chinese company, they are building the port of Chancay, in the north part of Lima.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Many high-ranking Venezuelan military officials have been involved in corruption scandals across the years, including many related to Sino Venezuelan joint-ventures and the acquisition of equipment/commercial goods in China, mostly in the form of middlemen or figureheads for front-companies.

1. https://transparencia.org.ve/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sanciones-Internacionales-TV-.pdf
2. https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2021/01/18/revelan-como-opera-la-red-liderada-por-alex-saab-testaferro-de-nicolas-maduro-para-comercializar-el-petroleo-venezolano/
3. https://elpais.com/internacional/2021-10-18/ee-uu-busca-convertir-a-alex-saab-en-la-garganta-profunda-del-chavismo.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below links.

1. https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20150710078552043
2. http://www.newdaily.co.kr/site/data/html/2021/06/14/2021061400144.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the article above: Dennis Wilder is a former senior CIA executive. James Green is a former CIA analyst.

1. https://www.georgetown.edu/news/10m-gift-will-create-u-s-china-initiative-on-global-issues-at-georgetown/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Cambodia: Hun Sen and His Abusive Generals … Each of these officers owes his high-ranking and lucrative position to political and personal connections with Hun Sen dating back two decades or more. Each has demonstrated a willingness to commit rights abuses on behalf of Hun Sen. Instead of serving the public, these officials have acted to protect the rule of Hun Sen, who has been in power for more than 35 years. Throughout their careers, they have served in government positions paying modest official salaries, yet they have amassed large amounts of unexplained wealth…. Link Link Hun Sen has the final say on all such-projects regardless of whether they have been approved or rejected by government ministries. Link Cabinet spokesman Phay Siphan says Cambodia’s government has taken steps to stop Chinese underworld figures co-opting senior officials. “We are afraid of the mafia. We’re afraid of them colluding with the [military] officers... as well as the government members involved with that area,” he says… …In October, Broken Tooth Koi was back to launch another business - this time a beer company. Once again, he was flanked by Cambodian government officials. Link

1. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/22/cambodia-hun-sen-and-his-abusive-generals
2. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/hun-sen-and-his-personality-cult
3. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43281288
4. https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2019/cambodia-casino-gamble/index.html

Supplementary Notes

In this context, I think the response is more than yes though it is hard to get the supporting evidence.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://psnews.ro/adevarata-legatura-dintre-dragnea-si-oprea-trece-prin-china-si-ponta-apare-in-schema-exclusiv-207520/

Supplementary Notes

A few retired military and intelligence officers have been affiliated with the Casa Romano-Chineze (Romanian-Chinese House), but it isn't clear if they received remuneration for their positions

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Most probably yes. The army effectively leads Pakistan's strategic ties with PRC. The deals and negotiations are often secretive and not subject to parliamentary or media scrutiny. Pakistani generals are known to have enriched themselves by taking favors from friendly Arab countries. Given the strategic alliance and growing dependence on China, it would not be surprising if serving and retired commanders have received personal benefits and rewards from the PRC or its entities. However, in the absence of proof, this would be a speculation that would fit the overall pattern of the military leadership has benefited from being in control of the country.

1. Not enough information available to substantiate this perception

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Neither our expert, nor we have heard of such experience.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of this

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of this

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No comments yet

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no public information about national military pofficials that have received any such benefits from PRC connected entities or individuals.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The interviewee has never heard of anything similar and thinks it would not be likely. (Interview with academic specialized in defense issues from Universidad de la República)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence on this was found. Besides, it is impossible to track this because once an army member becomes a civilian, their activities become private. Therefore, one could not link their previous role with their current work.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no reports of this.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

This indicator has not appeared in Mexico yet.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Only rumors of such activities exist.

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

There are no accessible information on retired military officers receiving benefits from China in the Philippines.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No supporting evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There have recently been some espionage cases, often with older/retired German men (e.g. Klaus Lange, Gerhard Sabathil), but the issue cannot be described in these terms and as far as I know is more present in civilian circles than in military.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We don't believe there are high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers that meet the conditions set in the question.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no such evidence or reports of such benefits from PRC. However, retired Indian officers have been regularly invited to Chinese Embassy on special occasions.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Public evidence available.

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Public evidence is not available.

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

no data was found to support this indicator

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No available data on this question..it is restricted

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with director of information service at the Gambian Ministry of Information as well as the PRO of the Gambian Ministry of Defence indicate this is not true.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This is not happening, but it might change. It should be noted that in a country where the political space is not dominated by the military, there is little incentive for China to coddle retired military officers from Zambia. In Zambia, China targets influential politicians

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No credible data available regarding this. We tried to interview other journalists (diplomatic correspondents) in the country but no information was available.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence to suggest otherwise

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has up until now been no public report of such a phenomenon in Austria.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NA

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence could be found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

So far no such news/information have been revealed.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No se ha encontrado evidencia de este tipo de actividades de parte de oficiales de inteligencia actuales o retirados.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Existen rumores sobre adquisición de taladros de Petróleo a favor de empresas de servicios petroleras relacionadas al expresidente Lucio Gutiérrez y su hermano entonces congresista (ambos militares retirados), pero no se ha podido acceder a fuentes oficiales.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We found no such examples and deem them unlikely. The Moldovan army is tiny and does not present any strategic interest for the PRC

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We are not aware of any such case

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/nato_countries.htm

Supplementary Notes

No information of anything of the sort and extremely unlikely in general. The Italian Army has a reputation for being extremely pro-American

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No information can be found, but this seems unlikely. In general old military personnel don't play a very big role in Dutch public life, with the exception of the current crisis in Ukraine

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

On May 11 local time, President Xi Jinping and President Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus met with 15 representatives of Belarusian veterans of the World War II at the Belarusian Great Patriotic War Museum in Minsk- Link (However, if any kinds of benefits have been granted, is not identified)

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cegv//eng/wjyw/t1263528.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

Public evidence is unavailable. High-ranking and middle-ranking Vietnamese officials have received scholarships from PRC entities for their children to study in PRC universities. My information is private.

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• Supporting evidence not found. But this may very well be happening in secrecy. • I can’t find the information on the internet. However, it is known that high-ranking retired military will have positions in leading energy or food conglomerates. In addition, the Thai energy and food industries benefit from PRC economy or CCP policy.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

There have been no publicly available reports known to author for the period January 2020 – March 2021 on such cases. However the author does not track the employment history of all Polish intelligence/military officers, therefore that could be a case that as some of them after competing service start working in the security sector and are hired as consultants keeping low profile interactions with Chinese employers. The probability is low however cannot be excluded. Therefore the answer could be given as NO. However the confidence of answer is relatively low 560%. Grade for time devoted to research = 3.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

No existe evidencia suficiente para responder esta pregunta.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.