Military

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Between 1990 and 2005, only 15 Kazakh officers were sent to China for training. Yet this cooperation has grown– between 2003 and 2009, 65 members of the Kazakh military took courses in Chinese institutions. Link On the occasion of the 93rd anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China, the ambassador said the two sides have conducted military exchanges, competitions and training, and closely cooperated on the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism, as well as "color revolutions" in the region. Link Participation of the PLA in the Fanfare for Peace Military Tattoos - 20th-29th Aug. 2014 - in China - 9 military bands from China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan, 660 people in total - The opening ceremony and marching performance in China's National Indoor Stadium, a parade and a pageant performance at the Olympic Center, and the closing ceremony of the military tattoo and of the Peace Mission-2014 joint counter-terrorism exercise in Zhurihe Training Base in Inner Mongolia Link

1. https://jamestown.org/program/military-cooperation-between-china-and-central-asia-breakthrough-limits-and-prospects/
2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-08/01/c_139257481.htm
3. http://www.china-un.ch/eng/dbtyw/cjjk_1/cjjzzdh/t1683060.htm

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Armenia and China can negotiate and further participate in peacekeeping missions together, sharing military experience and knowledge with each other. Establishing Joint Armenia–China Peacekeeping Training Center in Armenia

1. https://www.indrastra.com/2020/07/Establishing-Joint-Armenia-China-Peackeeping-Training-Center-in-Armenia-006-07-2020-0014.html

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Joint exercises within the Shanghai cooperation organization - China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in June 2001, in order to maintain the geopolitical status quo, pledging to fight the ‘three evils’ of terrorism, separatism and extremism. Link

1. https://www.gisreportsonline.com/china-is-winning-the-new-great-game-in-central-asia,politics,1782.html

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.cdsndu.org/Uploads/file/20210526/3b1a79d24eddc53d7065a5d08e67ab9d.pdf

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/mindef/normas-legales/180899-688-2014-de-mgp

Supplementary Notes

[Doublethink Lab]: Also see Link

1. http://eng.mod.gov.cn/news/2021-08/02/content_4890942.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Since the coup, the number of RTARF officers enrolled in military courses in China increased to approximately 30 to 50 per year. … China has also offered the RTARF slots on its United Nations Staff Officers Course at its Peacekeeping Training Centre in Beijing. Link

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/18/c_139376725.htm
2. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2019_43.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• China to provide $84M grant to strengthen Kingdom’s military: The events would focus on counter-terrorism, hostage freeing and natural disaster rescue drills, so that the Kingdom’s soldiers can fulfil their duties on UN peacekeeping missions and as part of UN engineering teams, he said. Link • China's Armed Forces: 30 Years of UN Peacekeeping Operations Training Foreign Peacekeepers China's armed forces are willing to share their peacekeeping assets in a spirit of win-win. They have actively helped other TCCs improve training, build capability to respond to complex situation, and better perform in the UNPKOs. In the past five years, China has provided 20 training programs to over 1,500 peacekeepers from more than 60 countries, covering civilian protection and courses for senior mission officials, trainers, military professionals, and female officers. The Chinese military provided assistance in demining and trained more than 300 professionals from countries including Cambodia, Laos, Ethiopia, Sudan, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The Chinese Ministry of Public Security also trained more than 1,000 foreign peacekeeping police officers… Link.

1. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national-politics/china-provide-84m-grant-strengthen-kingdoms-military
2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/18/c_139376725.htm#:~:text=Training%20Foreign%20Peacekeepers&text=The%20Chinese%20military%20provided%20assistance,1%2C000%20foreign%20peacekeeping%20police%20officers.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“China has trained more than 1,800 peacekeepers from other countries, provided demining equipment to Cambodia, Laos, Egypt and the ASEAN and trained more than 200 demining personnel” Link

1. https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/china-peacekeeping-ministerial.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) was proclaimed on June 15, 2001 in Shanghai (China) by the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Currently, eight countries enjoy the status of the SCO full members: India, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; The Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is the permanent body of the SCO RATS based in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. Available at: Link

1. http://eng.sectsco.org/docs/about/faq.html

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Only provisions for war college training in China

1. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/north-east-asia/china/china-expands-its-peace-and-security-footprint-africa

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Information sourced with the Ministry of Defence suggests this happened in the Gambia.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.jandarmeriaromana.ro/china

Supplementary Notes

According to the Romanian Gendarmerie, the traditional Chinese martial arts trainings for its personnel was useful in international peacekeeping operations

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, joint military training exercises, including peacekeeping as well as anti-terrorism operations.

1. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2320355/pakistan-participates-in-first-china-hosted-multinational-peacekeeping-drill
2. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2323273/pakistan-china-joint-anti-terrorist-exercise-concludes

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Taiwan would not send military to China for training since China is a military hostile country to Taiwan.

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-defence-idUSKBN2BB16V
2. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34729538

Supplementary Notes

China has viewed Taiwan as its breakaway province since KMT lost the civil war and fled to the island in 1949. And it has ramped up military activities in recent months, seeking to assert its sovereignty. The BBC article gives an overall description of the conflict between China and Taiwan.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Raymond Chen-En SUNG

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a commitment of collaboration in military education exchange between Indonesia and China, including peacekeeping training. However, there is a language barrier that Indonesian military personnel need to overcome, that is to learn Mandarin/Chinese language. Therefore, until now, there is high-level visit between the two countries, but not yet training.

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1872066.shtml
2. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2647777/militer-tiongkok-perkuat-kerjasama-dengan-tni

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No

Supplementary Notes

Unsure about training kept in the quiet.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No more recent references to the indicator were found. In 2017 a Brazilian Army Major, instructor from the Joint Center for Peace Operations of Brazil (CCOPAB) attended the UN Peacekeeping Staff Membership Course (UNSOC), held at the Peace Operations Center Ministry of Defense of China in the city of Beijing (Link.

1. http://www.ccopab.eb.mil.br/pt/noticias-do-centro/145-2017/985-curso-na-china-tem-a-participacao-de-instrutor-do-ccopab?highlight=WyJjaGluYSJd%29

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No report of Bolivian peacekeeping training supported by the PRC.

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

How are international relations in the area of Defense? (reference 1). Although there have been high level talks and Chinese PLA officers have visited Argentina's peacekeeping training facilities, there are no reports of Argentinian officials training in peacekeeping operations the PRC.

1. https://www.pagina12.com.ar/332517-como-son-las-relaciones-internacionales-en-el-area-de-defens

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China and Uruguay have a agreement about peacekeeping training, but there is no register of training yet.

1. https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2019/12/27/noticia-ministerio-defensa-uruguay-homologa-acuerdos-cooperacion-defensa-china.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.mre.gov.py/index.php/noticias-de-embajadas-y-consulados/paraguay-y-taiwan-celebran-63-anos-de-intenso-y-positivo-relacionamiento-bilateral

Supplementary Notes

Due to the existing link with Taiwan, this is not possible.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There isn’t any information available about the Chilean Military receiving peacekeeping training in the PRC. This could be looked at within Chinese

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no reports of this.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

There’s just one link from October 2016 ( Link), that talks about peacekeeping, but as the administration changed, there’s no recent information about this topic.

1. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1014572.shtml

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

There is no data

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the past five years, China has provided 20 training programs to over 1,500 peacekeepers from more than 60 countries, covering civilian protection and courses for senior mission officials, trainers, military professionals, and female officers that does not include Malaysia… Link

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/18/c_139376725.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No public evidence available.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence that members of the UK military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

On the contrary, India along with the U.S is providing peacekeeping training to some southeast Asian countries

1. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-us-looking-at-training-south-east-asian-nations-in-un-peacekeeping/article33102175.ece

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While there is no data to support that China has trained Ghanaian military officials in peacekeeping, there are indications that this could have formed part of the military exchanges between both countries.

1. http://english.chinamil.com.cn/view/2022-05/20/content_10156858.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with government officials restricted such information. However, military personnel receive peacekeeping training from the United Nation.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

At the moment, Zambian peacekeeping personnel are usually trained under the auspices of the United Nations and the African Union

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a defence cooperation agreement in force with the PRC. However, we could not get proof that members of Bangladesh military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence to suggest otherwise

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has up until now been no public report regarding PLA members having received peacekeeping training in Austria during the last decade. However, it should be noted that ten representatives of the PLA attended a mountain combat/survival training by the Austrian armed forces in 2007.

1. http://jczs.news.sina.com.cn/p/2007-03-12/0808434499.html
2. https://www.welt.de/politik/article750444/Bundesheer-bildet-chinesische-Militaers-aus.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NA

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence for this claim.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No hay evidencia de este tipo de situaciones, pensando principalmente en miembros de las autoridades de la Fuerza Pública, que son civiles, porque en Costa Rica no hay autoridades ni cuerpos militares.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://confirmado.net/2021/07/29/en-ecuador-se-celebro-el-94-aniversario-de-fundacion-del-ejercito-popular-de-liberacion-de-china-discurso-central-de-tu-fachao/

Supplementary Notes

No reportes sobre entrenamiento, pero si sobre seminarios en contexto de oferta de seminario virtual, como plantea en el link 1, en julio de 2021: “China presidió el Seminario Virtual de China-América Latina sobre las Operaciones de Mantenimiento de Paz de las Naciones Unidad con los 10 países de América Latina, donde participan las FF.AA. del Ecuador…”

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Estados Unidos suministra entrenamiento y equipo a los estamentos de seguridad nacionales.

1. https://bit.ly/3GFsnNV

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

expert interview

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/nato_countries.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Difficult to trace, but the Netherlands is part of NATO, so it is very unlikely

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

members of the Venezuelan military have received training in PRC but we could not verify if training has been specifically in peacekeeping.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.army.md/?lng=3&action=show&cat=122&obj=7420

Supplementary Notes

The press release mentioned for the previous indicator does not specify whether the PRC training for Moldovan soldiers included peacekeeping training

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.