Military

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/RsWqf

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, there are military visit and joint training, however, compared to countries such as the US', Australia's and Singapore's military education cooperation toward Indonesia, China’s military education partnership toward Indonesia is still behind.

1. https://thediplomat.com/2018/07/whats-next-for-china-indonesia-military-ties/
2. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/media/event-highlights/webinar-on-covid-19-and-indonesia-china-defence-relations-a-strategic-reset-in-the-making/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A Singapore Ministry of Defence press release from October 20, 2019 reports the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding on Academic Exchanges between SAFTI-MI and the PLA Academy of Military Sciences.

1. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-china-sign-ng-eng-hen--defence-agreement-scale-up-army-12018308
2. https://thediplomat.com/2019/10/why-the-new-china-singapore-defense-agreement-matters/
3. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/singapore-china-ministers-ink-upgraded-defence-pact
4. https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/diplomacy/article/3033756/singapore-and-china-sign-agreement-boost-defence-cooperation
5. https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/data/pdfdoc/MINDEF_20191020001.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2017, the Minister of Defense of Georgia Levan Izoria hosted a delegation of the Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China. He thanked the Chinese Ministry of Defense for the training courses offered to the Georgian military in 2016. Link

1. https://mod.gov.ge/ge/news/read/5690/izoria-chineli

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The armies of China and Central Asian countries also cooperate by sharing experience, and through the training offered by the PLA to the region’s militaries: from 2003 to 2009, sixty-five Kazakh officers, and thirty Tajik and thirty Kyrgyz military specialists underwent training at Chinese academies. Beijing has also moved to train Central Asian military personnel on a bilateral basis. While its numbers still trail those of Russia, both China’s People’s Armed Police (PAP) paramilitary unit and People’s Liberation Army (PLA) academies are training officers from the region, although exact figures are not made public.

1. https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
2. https://www.rferl.org/a/china-seen-as-rising-military-power-in-central-asia-foreshadowing-future-friction-with-russia/30639964.html

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Between 2003 and 2009, 65 members of the Kazakh military took courses in Chinese institutions. Link

1. https://jamestown.org/program/military-cooperation-between-china-and-central-asia-breakthrough-limits-and-prospects/

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Armenian military officers and doctors study in China’s military Universities.

1. https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2019/11/30/prospects-of-developments-of-sino-armenian-political-and-military-cooperation/

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As of mid-2013, the Chinese have been constructing an operational center for the Tajik defense ministry in Dushanbe and inviting several Tajik officers to study in Chinese defense colleges.

1. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26326365.pdf

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/chinas-growing-security-activism-in-africa/
2. http://www.cdsndu.org/Uploads/file/20210526/3b1a79d24eddc53d7065a5d08e67ab9d.pdf

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin and Farida Adamu

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2020 three Brazilian Army officers completed a course at the International College of Defense Studies (ICDS) of the National Defense University (NDU) of China. The course lasted for 1 year. Also in 2020, another Brazilian army officer completed a General Staff course at the China People's Liberation Army (PLA) Land Force Command School. In 2019, another Brazilian army officer also completed the General Staff course at the Command School of the Land Force of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA).

1. http://www.eb.mil.br/web/noticias/noticiario-do-exercito/-/asset_publisher/MjaG93KcunQI/content/id/11883242
2. https://www.eb.mil.br/web/noticias/noticiario-do-exercito/-/asset_publisher/MjaG93KcunQI/content/id/11882558#:~:text=Nanjing%20(China)%20%E2%80%93%20O%20Tenente,Popular%20de%20Liberta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20China.
3. https://www.eb.mil.br/web/noticias/noticiario-do-exercito/-/asset_publisher/MjaG93KcunQI/content/diplomacao-em-curso-de-estado-maior-na-china-2019/8357041#:~:text=Publicado%20em%3A%2015%20ago%202019,Popular%20de%20Liberta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20China.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Ambassador Guelar received Chinese soldiers who will study in Argentina (reference 1). In paragraph 2, the reference states: "for its part, in the People's Republic of China, Argentine military students attend seminars and symposia on security in the Asia-Pacific Region, forums on military logistics, Sino-Latin American forums for defense, in addition to permanent student courses in the University of National Defense, War and Language Schools."

1. https://echin.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/content/el-embajador-guelar-recibi%C3%B3-militares-chinos-que-cursar%C3%A1n-estudios-en-la-argentina

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

More than 50 Uruguayans military officials have attended courses in China. (Interview with academic specialized in defense issues from Universidad de la República)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the Ministry of defense “There are exchanges between Chile and China where Chilean officials have traveled to China to participate in some courses, as well as Chinese officials have come to the Chilean academies. Professional exchanges have been channeled through the Joint Commission for Exchange and Cooperation. Instance where China raises its needs and delivers the invitations for Chileans. Chile has sent officers to the following courses: a) Security and Command Course. b) Symposium of Latin American Senior Officials. The last Chilean participation was in 2019. Since 2020 and due to the pandemic, coordination with China has not been carried out.”

1. https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2017/07/31/noticia-ejercitos-chile-china-exploran-intercambio-conocimientos-manejo-gestion-emergencias.html
2. http://www.oas.org/MFCS/CountryDetailMFCS.aspx?Lang=ENG&Country=CL&MFCS=2&Year=2018

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20220322073023/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3ARuZjABY4jwkJ%3Atransparencia.sedena.gob.mx%2Fpdf%2FInforme_de_Logros%2FInforme_Avance_y_Resultados_2020_SEDENA.pdf
2. http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/63/2017/sep/Sedena-20170912.pdf
3. http://mx.china-embassy.org/esp/sgjs/t1581578.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslegales/autorizan-viajes-de-oficiales-de-la-marina-de-guerra-del-per-resolucion-ministerial-no-1156-2019-demgp-1804546-1/

Supplementary Notes

Peruvian navy Commander Victor Ibañez Valencia speaks Chinese and is married with Chinese citizen.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

1. https://www.dw.com/es/maduro-anuncia-nuevo-consejo-militar-asesorado-por-rusia-ir%C3%A1n-y-cuba/a-55381503
2. https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2020/10/24/maduro-se-reunio-con-su-cupula-militar-para-estar-preparado-ante-posibles-agresiones-de-colombia/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Japan's Self-Defense Forces have a formal exchange program with the PLA National Defense University.

1. https://www.mod.go.jp/msdf/navcol/SSG/topics-column/col-007.html
2. http://eng.mod.gov.cn/news/2018-08/02/content_4821607.htm
3. http://military.people.com.cn/n1/2018/1129/c1011-30432067.html

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As the US reduced its defence engagement activities with Thailand, the junta pro-actively approached China to deepen existing military cooperation. Sensing an opportunity to increase its influence in the Kingdom, and undermine the US-Thai alliance, China responded positively to the junta’s overtures. Link PLA trains military officers from around the world, boosting ties and understanding Link

1. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2019_43.pdf
2. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1135963.shtml
3. https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/Books/CASI_Academic_Institutions_Encyclopedia_web_final.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• Since 2009, roughly 200 cadets have been admitted annually to four-year courses devised by China’s Defense Ministry and Chinese advisers who oversee a local teaching staff, three officers said. This includes compulsory six month stints at military academies in China. The 190 students who graduated in March were the third such cohort from the school. The school also admits about 200 students a year for a shorter six month course. About half of all Cambodia’s officer trainees now come through the institute, according to an officer with close knowledge of the school, who also declined to be named. Link • Mine-clearance Training Course for Cambodia Held by China Concludes in Nanjing: 40 students from Royal Cambodian Armed Forces and Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority (CMAA) participated in the training. Link • China, Cambodia to hold joint military training: Code-named "Golden Dragon-2020," this year's event will focus on joint counter-terrorism combats, said Wu Qian, a spokesperson for the Ministry of National Defense Link

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cambodia-china-military-idUSKBN0MT0SW20150402
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/yzs_663350/gjlb_663354/2696_663396/2698_663400/t1707871.shtml
3. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/29/c_138829962.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turk-askeri-artik-cinde-egitim-alacak-50897
2. https://www.trmilitary.org/viewtopic.php?t=4336

Supplementary Notes

Traditionally, Turkey has sent its officers to the US and other Western allies for education at military academies. However, since 2014, the Turkish Armed Forces have been sending their officers to China for military education. For this purpose, Chinese language instructors were hired by Turkish military high schools and academies.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/429445/Drustvo/Kineska-delegacija-obisla-Vojnu-akademiju
2. https://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/drustvo/1755092/saradnja-univerziteta-odbrane-kine-i-srbije.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

2018 - "A delegation of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan visited the National Defense University of China. Then the representatives of the countries decided to establish cooperation between the military universities of the two states." Link 2021 - "In the past decade, Chinese universities have been inviting mid- and senior-level military officers from Central Asia and other countries in Eurasia. Chinese military education programs are especially attractive to officers from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, which have limited access to Russian military training… As Beijing seeks to increase the enrollment of foreign students, universities have begun to actively recruit Central Asian military officers for Chinese programs. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan now have senior military officials who have been educated in Chinese universities… The university builds direct relations with leading military academies in Central Asia as well. The PLA NDU and the Armed Forces Academy of Uzbekistan are cooperating on educational exchanges. Some governments have carefully balanced enrollment among these three directions (Russia, China, and Western countries) to avoid tilting toward any one in particular. Chinese universities offer dozens of slots for students from Uzbekistan, but Tashkent only takes one-third of them. Students and staff of the Military-Technical Institute of the National Guard of Uzbekistan take Chinese-language classes to build proficiency in case they have an opportunity to study in China. Link

1. https://www.ponarseurasia.org/chinas-expanding-military-education-diplomacy-in-central-asia/
2. https://uz.sputniknews.ru/20190515/Kitaytsy-perenimayut-opyt-obucheniya-uzbekskikh-voennykh-11507720.html

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://awokonewspaper.sl/sierra-leone-news-7-military-officers-off-to-china/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

'In terms of a $7.5 million grant facility agreement signed in July this year, 28 Ghanaian military officers will be sent to China to study subjects that include security and defence. In August 15 Ghanaian officers went to China for military training, on courses ranging from three months to one year'.

1. https://www.defenceweb.co.za/sea/sea-sea/ghana-commissions-chinese-patrol-boats/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-02/14/content_7945056.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://standard.gm/gambia-news/gaf-to-send-11-soldiers-to-china-training/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no authentic report that members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC. However, Bangladesh has purchased a lot of arms for the military, navy and airforce. And as per the purchase agreement training comes into the agreement. So sources confirmed that Bangladesh military received some sort of training.

1. https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/bangladesh-receives-vt5-tanks-plus-other-equipment/
2. https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/bangladeshs-new-military-deal-with-china/
3. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-04/27/c_139910533.htm
4. https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/bangladesh-faces-quality-issues-with-chinese-military-equipment-report-431351

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://ecfr.eu/publication/let-a-thousand-contacts-bloom-how-china-competes-for-influence-in-bulgaria/

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Reports of military training of Afghan troops in China during the former Afghan government.

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-afghanistan-idUSKCN1LM1MR
2. https://www.bbc.com/pashto/afghanistan/2014/02/140222_hh-china-fm-visitst-kabul

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://lanacion.com.ec/cooperacion-militar-entre-ecuador-y-china/

Supplementary Notes

Sí, pero no en la actualidad, ya que los reportes pueden ir hasta 2016; en el enlace 1 se habla del caso de 2014, donde la visita de ex ministro de defensa del Ecuador se orientó a convenios de “formación del personal militar ecuatoriano en China, además de en Ecuador por parte de, por ejemplo, instructores de artes marciales o de profesores de chino para enseñar este idioma en la universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas”.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

]

1. https://www.army.md/?lng=3&action=show&cat=122&obj=7420

Supplementary Notes

A press release from the Moldovan Ministry of Defense mentions training for Moldovan soldiers in the PRC, but we could not find any further details

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"The life story of Mahabbat Mirzayev , an April martyr who was specially trained in China" (see below URL 1) "According to the agreement reached in the field of military education, representatives of the Azerbaijani Army are studying in the course "High Strategic Command" as part of a Russian-speaking group. Participation in the course and the high conditions created there allow you to get acquainted with the history, culture and achievements of China. Excursions to other cities, research centers, military-industrial complexes, military commands, units and military educational institutions, as well as museums and historical sites serve to create a broad picture of China." (see below URL 2) "Anniversary of Chinese and Azerbaijani Armed Forces celebrated at Confucius Institute of AUL" (see below URL 3)

1. http://femida.az/az/news/48230/%C3%87ind%C9%99-x%C3%BCsusi-t%C9%99lim-ke%C3%A7mi%C5%9F-aprel-%C5%9F%C9%99hidi---M%C9%99h%C9%99bb%C9%99t-Mirz%C9%99yevin-h%C9%99yat-hekay%C9%99si
2. https://mod.gov.az/az/pre/25450.html
3. https://az.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/3462950.html

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

around 77 servicemen of the Armed Forces of Belarus received education in the institutions of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. The two countries also hold regular joint army training exercises. For example, “Hunting Falcon” is a regular exercise designed to strengthen the partnership between the two armies in counteracting terrorist threats. This commitment to military cooperation is further evidenced by the amount of high level exchanges between the two countries. From 2013 to 2017 representatives of the Belarusian Defense Ministry visited China seven times while delegations of the Chinese Defense Ministry paid eleven visits to Belarus. (see below URL 1) JINAN, Aug. 7 (ChinaMil) -- Chinese and Belarusian special operations forces commenced the joint training entitled “Eagle Assault 2018” at a comprehensive training base attached to the Northern Theater Command of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in Jinan City of east China's Shandong Province on the morning of August 5, 2018. (see below URL 2)

1. http://minskdialogue.by/en/research/memorable-notes/belarus-china-relations
2. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-08/07/content_9244657.htm

Supplementary Notes

The prospects of developing Belarus-China relations in military education and staff training will be discussed during the visit of the Belarusian military delegation to Beijing. The Belarusian delegation includes deputy Defence Minister Major General Yuri Merentsov and aide to Defence Minister for moral and psychological support Colonel Alexander Gura.The Belarusian delegation is planning to meet with Chinese Defence Minister Cao Gangchuan and a number of other military officials. They are also expected to attend the 3rd mechanized division of the Chinese Army and the National Defence Academy- Link MINSK, (UrduPoint / Pakistan Point News, app - 15th Aug, 2018 ): Head of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, First Deputy Defense Minister of Belarus Oleg Belokonev is expected to discuss the development of cooperation in joint military training during his official visit to China, BelTA learned from the Belarusian Defense Ministry- Link

1. https://mfa.gov.by/print/en/press/news_mfa/cfaaf39c61a2ce5d.html
2. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-08/16/content_9254561.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pak-china-reaffirm-their-strategic-partnership-in-the-challenging-times-122061200756_1.html
2. https://www.timesnownews.com/international/article/chinas-military-assistance-to-pakistan-continues-as-chinese-instructors-readying-pak-army-soldiers/773830
3. https://pakobserver.net/pak-china-phenomenal-military-cooperation-by-syed-qamar-afzal-rizvi/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Taiwan would not recognize the military education in China, since China is a military hostile country to Taiwan.

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-defence-idUSKBN2BB16V
2. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34729538

Supplementary Notes

China has viewed Taiwan as its breakaway province since KMT lost the civil war and fled to the island in 1949. And it has ramped up military activities in recent months, seeking to assert its sovereignty. The BBC article gives an overall description of the conflict between China and Taiwan.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Raymond Chen-En SUNG

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of this

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The answer was changed from Yes to No, as no evidence was found to confirm professional military education.

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No report of Bolivian military training supported by the PRC.

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.mre.gov.py/index.php/noticias-de-embajadas-y-consulados/paraguay-y-taiwan-celebran-63-anos-de-intenso-y-positivo-relacionamiento-bilateral

Supplementary Notes

Due to the existing link with Taiwan, this is not possible.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While there are no reports of Colombian military personnel receiving military education in China, there are several that point to Chinese military officials and personnel coming to Colombia to exchange information on doctrine and to train jointly.

1. https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2018/01/12/noticia-colombianota5es-ejercito-china-visita-centro-entrenamiento-ejercito-colombiano.html
2. https://www.webinfomil.com/2017/12/generales-del-ejercito-de-china.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

A number of military personnel have received education from China, but not military education

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

There are no accessible data

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

…The exercise will be read as a boost to the bilateral defense relationship and the China-Malaysia comprehensive strategic partnership more generally. While the two countries had held their first ever bilateral military drills in December 2014 last year under the banner of “Peace and Friendship 2014,” that was a joint table-top exercise held at the MAF Joint Warfare Center. This year would mark the first time that the PLA and MAF have conducted a joint live-troop exercise…. Link China, Malaysia start joint military exercise Link China’s navy to join Thailand and Malaysia for training exercise as military seeks to build bridges with neighbours Link China, Malaysia start first joint military exercise Link

1. https://thediplomat.com/2015/08/china-malaysia-to-hold-first-ever-joint-live-troop-exercise/
2. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-malaysia-start-joint-military-exercise
3. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2168558/chinas-navy-join-thailand-and-malaysia-training-exercise-strait
4. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/943289.shtml

Supplementary Notes

• NO supporting evidence found. In most of the joint military exercises, drills are taking place but training in PRC is not found online.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not within the given time-frame or recent years.

Supplementary Notes

In 2006 Riho Terras, who in 2011 became the Commander of the Defence Forces, received training in China. Link

1. https://www.riigikogu.ee/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Eesti_v-lispoliitika_Hiina_suhtes_v-imalused_ja_valikud.pdf

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are single cases of the Polish officers studying in the PRC but that does not have any impact on the overall situation.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence members of the UK military have received professional military education from the PRC.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No military education but "The mission of the Chinese Language Pavilion is to qualify the officers of the Jordanian armed forces and security services in the field of the Chinese language to speak fluently, using the latest methods used in teaching languages ​​globally. The Language Institute has good relations with the Chinese Cultural Center and the Chinese Cultural and Military Attaché in Jordan. Students participate in all cultural activities, seminars and visits related to Chinese language and culture. All participants in the course are officers of the Jordanian armed forces and security services." Link

1. https://jafli.jaf.mil.jo/ContentsLanguageInistitute/chinesear.aspx

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no such evidence or reports of such education from PRC. Before 2017, there used to be a seat for a Chinese officer in the College of Defence Management in Hyderabad, but it has now stopped.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found of conducted military training by PRC.

1. http://www.emilyo.eu/sites/default/files/Gell%20Fiches/LATVIA%20Army_0.pdf

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There have been rumours of Chinese personnel training Zambians in Zambia.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has up until now been no public report of such a phenomenon in Austria.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NA

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence for this claim.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Valga reiterar que Costa Rica no posee ejército y que, en su lugar, podría decirse que ha habido cursos, becas de capacitación y formación para el personal policial costarricense de parte de la RPC, pero sin que se pueda decir que esa formación o capacitación provenga del EPL (PLA). Las relaciones han sido, principalmente, con la contraparte del Ministerio de Seguridad Pública de Costa Rica, es decir, el Ministerio de Defensa de la RPC.

1. https://www.rree.go.cr/?sec=servicios&cat=prensa&cont=593&id=3269

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Panamá no cuenta con un ejército como tal, sino como Fuerzas Especiales adscritas al Ministerio de Seguridad. Tradicionalmente, los mandos superiores de estas unidades hacen parte de su formación en Estados Unidos.

1. http://www.senafront.gob.pa/nosotros/
2. http://www.aeronaval.gob.pa/?op=director

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://www.jandarmeriaromana.ro/china
2. https://sibiuindependent.ro/2019/11/06/trei-studenti-ai-academiei-fortelor-terestre-au-vizitat-china/

Supplementary Notes

A few members of the military went to China for language courses in the 1990s and early 2000s, but these were isolated cases there is no information that they proper received military education in the PRC

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

expert interview

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/nato_countries.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Difficult to trace, but the Netherlands is part of NATO, so it is very unlikely

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.