Military

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Singapore Technologies Kinetics previously was in a joint venture with Guizhou Zonyang Kintetics. This collaboration allegedly produced a Bv206 style tracked all-terrain tracked transporter, similar to the Bronco used by the Singapore armed forces. Singapore Kinetics reportedly sold its stake in Guizhou Zonyang Kinetics in 2016. It is unclear if other collaboration continues. The vehicle is reportedly in use on the Tibetan plateau. The latest report on co-development is from the SCMP in January 2021.

1. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/jm-8.htm
2. https://www.cccme.cn/shop/cccme12302/introduction.aspx
3. https://www.bdapartners.com/transaction/bda-advises-st-kinetics-on-sale-of-its-60-stake-in-guizhou-jonyang-kinetics-to-gicam/
4. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3118339/chinas-military-uses-new-all-terrain-vehicle-get-supplies

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

During the sixth meeting of the Chinese-Kazakh business council, Tokayev said that Kazakhstan was strategically interested in “[the] establishment of joint innovation companies, techno[logy] parks and information technology (IT) centers. In our capital we have opened up an international techno[logy] park for IT start-ups, “Astana Hub” and highlighted work on “big data, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), cloud technologies and supercomputers” Link IT components are used also for the Military and Law enforcement.

1. https://jamestown.org/program/tracking-the-digital-component-of-the-bri-in-central-asia-part-two-developments-in-kazakhstan/

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Armenia seeks to cultivate defense cooperation with China, notably with the Norinko and Poly Group companies. In the framework of the BRI initiative, China will strive toward growth of military-technical and military-political cooperation with the BRI participating countries. This firstly means that those countries’ and China’s military bodies will strengthen cooperation. They will build joint centers for military production. The Chinese will work toward the acquisition of military bases or similar structures in these countries, and toward increasing the volume of Chinese arms exports to them. The next recommendation is that in the context of Belt and Road Initiative Armenia and China establish production of aforementioned weapons which will be possible to sell in the Middle East and Eurasian Economic Union as well.

1. https://cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13564-military-procurements-on-armenias-and-azerbaijans-defense-agendas.html
2. https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2019/11/30/prospects-of-developments-of-sino-armenian-political-and-military-cooperation/

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.mindef.gob.bo/mindef/node/3056

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2020/11/17/noticia-china-material-militar-uruguay-millones-dolares.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

…Need to know the current state of agreement on joint production facility, establishing factory in northeastern province of Khon Kaen, and for the domestic consumption only. Link)

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-defence-idUSKBN1DG0U4

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“While Egyptians sank into ever-greater poverty over the past five years, Sisi has poured resources into vanity megaprojects such as building a new administrative capital in the desert 30 miles east of Cairo at an estimated cost of $58 billion. Not only did Egypt not need a new capital, but the site makes it inaccessible to most citizens as well as extremely problematic from a water consumption point of view. The city is being built by a military company with significant Chinese investment. As of spring 2019, the Egyptian general in charge of the project said that some $9 billion had already been spent on the city’s infrastructure.” Link Link "In addition to expanding the Saudi fleet, the new facility can operate as a hub for manufacturing and servicing for other CH-4 operators in the Middle East, including Egypt, Iraq and Jordan." Link Link

1. https://www.defensenews.com/air/2017/03/28/china-to-open-a-drone-factory-in-saudi-arabia/
2. https://thediplomat.com/2021/06/the-middle-east-an-emerging-market-for-chinese-arms-exports/
3. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/09/09/egypt-trends-in-politics-economics-and-human-rights-pub-82677 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/15/the-competition-for-egypt-china-the-west-and-mega-projects

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://rs.n1info.com/vesti/a277338-kineska-donacija-vojsci-srbije/
2. https://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81/story/3174/donacije/4020310/donacija-kina-vojska-srbije.html

Supplementary Notes

Serbia does not participate in co-development or co-production of equipment with the PRC, but it did receive in-kind donations on several occasions.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"The State Committee for the Defense Industry of Uzbekistan intends to involve Chinese technologies in joint projects, the press service of the department said. A delegation of the Main Directorate for the Development of Arms and Military Equipment of the Central Military Council of the People's Republic of China is currently in Tashkent. During the visit, Uzbek and Chinese officials will discuss existing and future cooperation projects in the field of weapons, military equipment and technologies, the timing of their implementation and the systematic development of cooperation, the report said. The Chinese delegation has already been presented with military and dual-use products manufactured by enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Uzbekistan." Link Uzbekistan and China are planning joint projects in the production of industrial equipment- Link

1. https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/19/china/
2. https://www.militarynews.ru/story.asp?rid=1&nid=555468&lang=RU

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The donated items indicated in the first reference were office supplies to the Interpol division of the Ghana Police Service but it can be noted that a proposed training programs for the personnel in the sevice was mentioned

1. http://gh.china-embassy.org/eng/sgxw/201601/t20160122_6142928.htm
2. https://allafrica.com/stories/201610280968.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://ecfr.eu/publication/let-a-thousand-contacts-bloom-how-china-competes-for-influence-in-bulgaria/

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Austrian aircraft producer Diamon Aircraft entered a comprehensive technical cooperation with CETC Wuhu Diamond Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (referred to below as CETC Wuhu) 中电科芜湖钻石飞机制造有限公司. In 2019 CETC Wuhu the completion of first flight of its TA-20 basic military trainer aircraft – “[…] a joint venture between CETC and the Wuhu Municipal Government, which builds aircraft under licence from Austria’s Diamond Aircraft Industries.” (see also. Economy Question 4).

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://diez.md/2014/10/16/china-va-oferi-moldovei-10-mln-de-dolari-pentru-instalarea-camerelor-video-in-intersectii/

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The sides discussed the next year's Belarusian-Chinese planned military cooperation events. A memorandum on establishing twinning relations between the defense ministries of Belarus and China in the area of international military cooperation was signed.Oleg Voinov and Ci Guowei underlined the presence of good prospects for Belarus-China military cooperation and the importance of further enhancement and development of these prospects. Belarus-China relations of trustful comprehensive strategic partnership and mutually beneficial cooperation were emphasized. (see below URL 1) A big Belarusian military delegation visited China back in April this year. They negotiated with representatives of the air forces and 11 companies. Increase of military and technical cooperation was the subject of these negotiations. They spoke about modernization of system of operation and control over the air forces, as well as about manufacturing of heavy chassis for launchers of rockets of different types. (see below URL 2)

1. https://eng.belta.by/society/view/belarusian-chinese-defense-ministries-sign-military-technical-cooperation-memorandum-145668-2021/
2. https://euroradio.fm/en/belarus-and-china-increase-military-cooperation
3. https://belarusinfocus.info/the-ruling-elite/ideologists-lobby-internet-restrictions-law-enforcement-relaxed-pressure-opposition/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, tanks, fighter jets and submarines.

1. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202202/1252785.shtml
2. https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/china-boosting-pakistan-s-military-arsenal-by-providing-assistance-analyst-121120100202_1.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Taiwan doesn't co-develop or co-produce military or law-enforcement equipment with China, since China is a military hostile country to Taiwan.

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-defence-idUSKBN2BB16V
2. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34729538

Supplementary Notes

China has viewed Taiwan as its breakaway province since KMT lost the civil war and fled to the island in 1949. And it has ramped up military activities in recent months, seeking to assert its sovereignty. The BBC article gives an overall description of the conflict between China and Taiwan.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Raymond Chen-En SUNG

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Since 2005, there are talks for Indonesia to produce China's C-705 anti-ship missiles on the Indonesian island of Java. However, the talks have yet come to a realisation, as it was only to deter the US to cancel its embargo toward Indonesia that was imposed due to the internal conflict with East Timor in mid to end 1990s. However, the PRC and Indonesia conducted joint training and Indonesia procure Chinese weapon platforms, such as in 2021 the Indonesian Air Force's TNI-AU operates a fleet of six CH-4 UAVs.

1. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3132821/china-indonesia-hold-joint-naval-exercises-near-jakarta
2. https://www.voanews.com/east-asia/indonesia-china-sign-missile-production-agreement
3. https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesia-receives-first-batch-of-chinese-made-ar-2-missiles-for-its-ch-4-uavs
4. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1356788051162?journalCode=tstc20

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://civicidea.ge/en/echo-of-the-rocket-fraud-in-georgia-defense-memorandum-with-motor-sich/

Supplementary Notes

With the same Motor Sich company, Georgian Ministry of Defense is going to co-produce military aircraft. But after the MOU signing, the Motor Sich was banned by the Ukrainian state and it cannot function anymore.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No, Chinese are donating money to Tajik military, but no joint production has been implemented yet.

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of partnership for the development or production of military or law-enforcement equipment between Brazil and China was found. Through the Access to Information Law, this information was requested from the Ministry of Defense.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Government deepens relationship with Xi Jinping: plans combined exercises with Chinese Armed Forces (reference 1).

1. https://www.infobae.com/politica/2021/04/13/el-gobierno-profundiza-la-relacion-con-xi-jinping-planifica-ejercicios-combinados-con-las-fuerzas-armadas-de-china/

Supplementary Notes

Recently, some officials from the Ministry of Defense have declared the intention to cooperate on military exercises and the developing of defense projects, but there are no ongoing projects.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://dimabel.mil.py/index.php/institucion/dpto-planta-industrial
2. https://www.paraguay.com/nacionales/se-reactiva-fabrica-de-material-belico-76272

Supplementary Notes

The only ammunition factory is owned by the State. Due to the lack of diplomatic relations with the PRC, this type of link would not be possible.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chile does not co-develop any military or law enforcement equipment with the PRC. Please refer to the links above. The FAMAE, Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército (in English Army’s Factories and Manufacturers), is an institution that produces and provides military equipment. There weren’t any links with PRC entities to this branch of the Army found.

1. http://www.famae.cl/pdf/memorias/MEMORIA-ANUAL-2020.pdf
2. http://www.famae.cl/pdf/CATALOGO_FAMAE.PDF
3. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Material_b%C3%A9lico_del_Ej%C3%A9rcito_de_Chile

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This has not occurred.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2016/11/04/noticia-china-mexico-firman-memorando-entendimiento-materia-militar.html
2. https://rcabanas.com/?s=China&post_type=product
3. https://www.manufacturastrejo.com/historia.html

Supplementary Notes

The first link seems to support that there’s technological cooperation between China and Mexico through the Colegio de Defensa Nacional, but I think that this cooperation is mostly in training and not in the development of military technology. Mexico has just the following organizations for the arm’s production: Dirección general de Fábricas de la Defensa Nacional, Insutrias Cabañas, Armas Trejo and Productos Mendoza, and there’s no evidence that any of these are working in cooperation with China.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

Peru doesn’t have coo-participation with Chinese military industry.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

no evidence of this was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) is equipped with a mix of imported weapons systems, particularly second-hand equipment from the US; since 2014, its top weapons suppliers are Indonesia, South Korea, and the US (2020) Link

1. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/military-equipment-inventories-and-acquisitions/

Supplementary Notes

There are no accessible data showing that Philippines and China collaborated on the development of military or law enforcement equipment.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No supporting evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No supporting evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence supporting this thesis available.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence of co-development in the manner described in the question.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Direct Evidence Found.

Supplementary Notes

"In addition to expanding the Saudi fleet, the new facility can operate as a hub for manufacturing and servicing for other CH-4 operators in the Middle East, including Egypt, Iraq and Jordan." Link Link

1. https://www.defensenews.com/air/2017/03/28/china-to-open-a-drone-factory-in-saudi-arabia/
2. https://thediplomat.com/2021/06/the-middle-east-an-emerging-market-for-chinese-arms-exports/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.diken.com.tr/erdogandan-cine-savunma-sanayiinde-isbirligi-cagrisi/

Supplementary Notes

Despite earlier statements from the Turkish government, no joint projects were organized between Turkey and China in military and law enforcement equipment production.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

India mainly exports or works with Russia in terms of military equipment. At the same time, it working more and more with the US and France(Rafales), reducing the dependence on Russia.

1. https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-russia-military-weapons-defence-ties-7795804/#:~:text=India's%20missile%20programme%20has%20been,of%20Sukhoi%20and%20MiG%20jets

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

1. https://trendeconomy.com/data/h2/Latvia/93

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/china-expands-defence-supplies-with-african-states/articleshow/91505473.cms?from=mdr

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Tanzania is totally import-dependent on military equipment

1. https://tradingeconomics.com/tanzania/imports/china/military-weapons-excluding-revolvers-pistols-lances
2. https://tradingeconomics.com/tanzania/imports/china/parts-accessories-arms-headings-9301-9304

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Gambia is totally import-dependent in military or law-enforcement products.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This does not happen

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2019/08/03/la-chine-rompt-toute-cooperation-de-police-avec-la-france_5496116_3210.html

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such data found among the strategic cooperation of Bangladesh with the PRC.

1. https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/china-bangladesh-strategic-linkages/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NA

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence for such cooperation.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

At the moments neither such level of capacity nor any agreement of co-production of military equipment with China.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

At least not been publicly disclosed. But you can see in the report named "China intends to become an investment partner in Turkmenistan shipbuilding industry" that Turkmenistan has some warship/ submarine capacity and Chinese companies have been interested to work with the ship-building sector in Turkmenistan.

1. http://tkmst.lzu.edu.cn/detail.php?aid=13929

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Como se ha indicado, Costa Rica no es un país productor ni desarrollador de equipo militar o de seguridad, por lo que, más bien, suele recibir donaciones de parte de sus socios extranjeros, entre ellos China.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/politica/ecuador-no-hara-chatarra-los-fusiles-donados-por-china-confirmo-el-ministro-de-defensa-nota/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Romania is an EU and NATO member state, so it does not collaborate with the PRC on weapons development

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://chinaobservers.eu/why-ukraine-is-reassessing-its-defense-cooperation-with-china/

Supplementary Notes

Ukraine and China do not have join production, although such plans existed in the past. However, China is building certain military products based on technical documentation from Ukraine

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://first.art-er.it/_aster_/viewNews/46950/italia-cina-online-il-piano-d-azione-per-il-2025

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.ftm.eu/articles/china-science-investigation-launch?share=9eZicWfkXHmjT3yehoTCN6OS0OqFAiQLUwZqrMwoXoEMgLc6V5AlryZbCfU52JU%3D

Supplementary Notes

With the existing embargo and NATO membership that seems unlikely. Nevertheless, a May 2022 report by investigative journalists shows that some Dutch scientists may be cooperating with Chinese colleagues in creating technology that could be used by the PLA

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred. Nicaragua is no a producer or developer of importance for this kind of equipment and of very little relevance worldwide and for PRC in this sense.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

No se encontró evidencia suficiente para responder esta pregunta.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.