Military

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Armenian delegation to the forum was headed by Defence Minister Suren Papikyan. He took part in the opening ceremony and plenary session of the forum (2023, Beijing Xiangshan Forum) Link

1. https://pacsto.org/events/na-syanshanskom-forume-po-bezopasnosti-v-pekine

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Sixth CICA Summit, presided over by H.E. Mr. Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, was held in Astana on October 12-13, 2022.

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php
2. https://xiangshanforum.cn/speech.html?speechcode=57629DB6hCKD3A0f

Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia - Uzbekistan is listed as a member state. Link On October 13, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev spoke at a meeting of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA). Link

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states
2. https://kun.uz/en/news/2022/10/14/communication-and-trust-have-decreased-to-an-unprecedented-level-shavkat-mirziyoyev-delivers-a-speech-at-cica-summit

Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Tajikistan is a member-state of CICA.

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA).

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link Jordan is a member state of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia.

1. https://www.s-cica.org/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link 2023 - 3rd China-Africa Peace and Security Forum held in Beijing Egypt is mentioned. Link Egypt is the member state of the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia.

1. https://www.s-cica.org/
2. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CHINA_209163/TopStories_209189/16248999.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Mongolia is a member state of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence, Building Measures in ASIA (CICA) Link Link

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states
2. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=search

Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the Ministry of Defense of Argentina, Peru and other Latin American countries participated in the V Sino-Latin American Defense Forum (a Subforum of the China-CELAC Forum) that took place in December 2022. Therefore, this indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/taiana-participo-de-la-apertura-del-v-foro-de-defensa-sino-latinoamericano

Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to a press release published by the Ministry of Defense of Argentina, a Venezuelan delegation took part of The Fifth Forum China- Latin America and the Carribbean. This event was in december 2022. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.controlciudadano.org/web/wp-content/uploads/FANB-Adquisicio%CC%81n-Armas.pdf
2. https://dialogo-americas.com/es/articles/examinando-las-operaciones-militares-rusas-y-chinas-en-venezuela/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

yes

1. http://gm.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/sgxw/202309/t20230920_11145543.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Algerian Army Chief of Staff visits China with a view to acquire military hardware. Dec 2023. China to deepen security, defence cooperation with Algeria. July 2023 China-Arab Forum “Official Strategic Political Dialogue”

1. https://www.defenceweb.co.za/land/land-land/algerian-army-chief-of-staff-visits-china-with-a-view-to-acquire-military-hardware/
2. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/xi-says-china-will-deepen-cooperation-with-algeria-several-key-sectors-2023-07-18/
3. http://www.chinaarabcf.org/chn/ltjz/ggjzlzzdh/dqcggjzlzzdh/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Bangladesh is a member of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA). But there was no summit in 2023.

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conference_on_Interaction_and_Confidence-Building_Measures_in_Asia

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Turkish government representatives regularly attend several conferences on security and cooperation. Turkish Foreign Ministry defines Turkey in the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building measures in Asia as one of the most active members. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkiye-and-the-conference-on-interaction-and-confidence-building-measures-in-asia.en.mfa

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the V Forum for Defense China-Latin America

1. https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/nicaragua-china_ej%C3%A9rcito-de-nicaragua-participa-en-el-v-foro-de-defensa-china-latinoam%C3%A9rica/48135658

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China and Pakistan have ongoing cooperation on security and counter-terrorism. It has been expanded to include Afghanistan and Iran. Pakistan is a member of SCO and backs China's proposed Global Security Initiative (GSI)

1. https://english.news.cn/20230507/c14fff0ef5ff40afb3903864c72cc688/c.html
2. https://english.news.cn/20230705/f1484bd7abe44ee6b62c47c449f56d23/c.html

Answered by Shahzeb Jillani, and has been reviewed by Shahzada Zulfiqar

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a trilateral dialogue between PRC, Afghanistan, and Pakistan focused on security.

1. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/6/pakistan-set-to-host-trilateral-dialogue-with-china-afghanistan

Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Nigeria has participated in the 2023 China-Africa Peace and Security Forum to cooperate on mutual security interests, but remains committed to upholding African autonomy and preventing undue foreign interference in African affairs. Therefore this indicator deserves a yes response.

1. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202308/1297125.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Senegalese Minister of Forces, Me Sidiki and his delegation which included Senegalese ambassador to China, Ibrahima Sory Sylla and senior officers from the army and the National Gendarmerie attended the China-Africa Peace and Security Forum in 2023.

1. https://www.chine-magazine.com/ouverture-du-iiieme-forum-sino-africain-pour-la-paix-et-la-securite/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kenya participated in the 3rd China-Africa Security Forum in 2023. Senior Kenya Defence Forces officers were present at the event. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x8njwlg

Supplementary Notes

The evidence of Kenya's presence at the venue is visible is 00:16 of the video.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Singapore is occasionally invited as a guest to the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia events. It is neither a member nor an observer. Singapore regularly participates at a high level in the Bo'ao Forum.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2022/10/20221009-Visit-to-Kazakhstan
2. https://kemlu.go.id/portal/en/read/130/halaman_list_lainnya/conference-on-interaction-and-confidence-building-measures-in-asia-cica#:~:text=The%2028%20members%20of%20CICA,Vietnam%2C%20Jordan%3B%20as%20well%20as
3. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states
4. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=observer_states
5. https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-at-the-Boao-Forum-for-Asia-Annual-Conference-2023
6. https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3215042/boao-forum-singapore-malaysia-showcase-proactive-china-diplomacy-dont-expect-any-fireworks
7. https://asean.org/sg-attends-boao-forum-for-asia-annual-conference-2023/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Vietnam is a member state of the Conference on Interaction & Building Measures in Asia, and has participated in the last CICA summit in October 2022. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states
2. https://www.s-cica.org/docs/6090442436350e41f26c4b.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chief Justice of Nepal attended the the first China (Kashgar)-Central and South Asia Legal Forum being held on the 10th anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2023. Also, Chief of the Army Staff General Sharma visited Beijing from October 27 to November 2, 2023 to participate in the Beijing-Xiangshan Forum

1. https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/10/21/now-chief-justice-nepal-army-head-visiting-china
2. https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/02/chief-justice-shrestha-chinese-counterpart-zhang-hold-talks

Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Amish Mulmi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. Beijing Xiangshan Forum 2021, Minister of Defense Sergey Shoigu 2. World Peace Forum 2022, Igor Ivanov, President of the Russian International Affairs Council

1. https://kr.usembassy.gov/busan_110122/
2. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CHINA_209163/TopStories_209189/10103983.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Zimbabwe's defence minister and military personnel attended the China-Africa Peace and Security Forum and other multilateral security dialogues organised by PRC

1. https://www.herald.co.zw/defence-minister-in-china-for-security-forum/
2. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/can-china-be-a-more-attractive-security-partner-for-africa

Answered by Ernest Mudzengi and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Though no officials could have been found. DRC flag picture during the event and information collected confirm that DRC delegation attended the event

1. https://www.ghanapeacejournal.com/china-africa-peace-security-forum-impact/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula

Answer

Supporting Evidence

ASEAN-China Dialogue also include the issues such as security. Malaysia is observer state in CICA.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/yzs_663350/dqzzywt_663588/202309/t20230906_11139365.html
2. https://www.s-cica.org

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Philippines actively participates in the ASEAN-China Summit. During the 26th ASEAN-China Summit in Jakarta in September, Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. shared progress in the drafting of the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea. “[S]ome progress were made in discussing the milestone issues and a preliminary review of the Single Draft Negotiating Text,” he said. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://pco.gov.ph/presidential-speech/intervention-of-president-ferdinand-r-marcos-jr-at-the-26th-asean-china-summit/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China and Thailand are set to expand their military ties in response to growing Asia-Pacific security challenges. Chinese Defence Minister Li Shangfu announced plans for multiple joint exercises between the two countries this year, including "Assault 2023" and "Peace and Friendship 2023". These exercises aim to strengthen military cooperation and enhance the capabilities of both nations in addressing regional security concerns.

1. https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2589599/china-and-thailand-to-expand-military-ties-amid-asia-pacific-security-challenges

Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Myanmar regime Defense Minister Admiral Tin Aung San attended the 10th Beijing Xiangshan Forum was jointly held by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, the China Association of Military Science (CAMS) and the China Institute of International Strategic Studies (CIISS).

1. https://www.gnlm.com.mm/myanmar-china-vow-to-bolster-military-ties-for-information-exchange-on-border-security/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Uganda sent officials to the third China-Africa Peace and Security Forum taking place in Beijing. On the sidelines of the forum, State Councilor and Minister of National Defense Li Shangfu met with security and defense leaders from the African Union and 10 African countries, including Uganda.

1. https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202308/30/WS64ee23e1a31035260b81edf9.html

Supplementary Notes

Gen. Muhoozi, President Museveni's son has visited China several times and so have other top UPDF leaders. In 1995, Gen. Muhoozi visited Hunan, Chairman Mao's birth place and in 1995, he joined the army. More here Link

1. https://www.independent.co.ug/how-china-shapes-ugandas-generals/

Answered by Abdou Rahim Lema, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Mozambican military personnel attended the 3rd China-Africa Peace and Security Forum in 2023 and have participated in previous editions.

1. http://www.focac.org/eng/zfzs_1/202308/t20230830_11135340.htm

Answered by Tomé Bambo, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Angola has attended several China-Africa Peace and Security Forums, including the last one in 2023.

1. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/CHINA_209163/TopStories_209189/16248999.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Indonesia has participated in the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia

1. https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20221014/19/1587468/cica-resmi-jadi-organisasi-internasional

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Korea is a member of CICA

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Saudi Arabia has joined the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) as an Observer State in December 2023.

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=press_releases&id=1941

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Xi Jinping meets with Qatar's President, Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. Xi Jinping said that China support Qatar in safeguarding national sovereignty, security and stability.

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/202212/t20221210_10988599.html

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, Cambodia is a member of CICA and participates in CICA conferences.

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states
2. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=the-fifth-plenary-session-of-the-cica-business-council-and-the-seventh-cica-business-forum-27-june-2022

Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The U.S. defense department sent a delegation to attend China's regional security dialogue, the Xiangshan forum. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://www.reuters.com/world/us-defense-department-send-delegation-xiangshan-forum-china-daily-2023-10-24/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

None of the examples listed, but Germany participated at the Xiangshan Forum.

1. https://xiangshanforum.cn/delegationList.html?code=1h4SC1Bg0CDfhhA0&titleen=The+10th+Beijing+Xiangshan+Forum

Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As of February 2022, Israel is a member of the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA).

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=press_releases&id=1072

Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Azerbaijan is a member country of the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia – CICA. Link

1. https://www.s-cica.org/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence was found.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-u-s-mexico-high-level-security-dialogue-2023/

Supplementary Notes

Mexico used to participate in this kind of dialogues within the US and Canada.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

My country’s government has participated in one or more multilateral security dialogues organized by the PRC (e.g. China-Africa Peace and Security Forum; the Conference on Interaction & Confidence Building Measures in Asia). There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

1. https://n9.cl/74x3p
2. https://n9.cl/nwhud

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This response is only based on available information. Most meetings are in a bilateral capacity, such as the "meeting for defense cooperation between Chile and China"

1. http://www.china.org.cn/e-white/5/5.4.htm
2. https://www.ssdefensa.cl/n8649_05-04-2019.html
3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340982799_The_value_of_security_cooperation_in_Sino-South_American_relations

Supplementary Notes

I cnly could find evidence of bilateral meetings.

Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

But noting that France has territories in the Pacific with a certain degree of autonomy and local leaders are developing contatcs with the PRC, not always with the approval or support of Paris

1. https://theconversation.com/france-chine-60-ans-dambivalence-220412

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not applicable to Bosnia

Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observationof the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Romania did not participate in such security dialogues

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of participation found

1. https://www.s-cica.org/index.php?view=page&t=member_states

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Turkmenistan declared its status of permanent neutrality in 1995.

1. NO LINK

Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

1. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/india-china-security-competition-on-land-at-sea-in-space-and-beyond/
2. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/china-objects-to-former-indian-service-chiefs-attending-security-conference-in-taiwan-2668306
3. https://web.archive.org/web/20240108060807/https://www.brookings.edu/articles/india-china-security-competition-on-land-at-sea-in-space-and-beyond/
4. https://web.archive.org/web/20240108061020/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/china-objects-to-former-indian-service-chiefs-attending-security-conference-in-taiwan-2668306

Supplementary Notes

India and China are currently in confrontation over the border since 2020 and as such, we couldn't find any evidence of participation by India in such dialogues organized by PRC, however India participates in groups like BRICS or SCO.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no indications that South Africa participated in the the China–Africa Peace and Security Forum, either in 2023 or previously.

1. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3232607/china-welcomes-dozens-african-states-security-conference-it-seeks-greater-role-continent
2. https://english.news.cn/20230829/7854e55907a94d0baf990f5d99b0b384/c.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Taiwan doesn't participate in any of the security dialogues organized by the PRC since PRC is a military hostile country towards Taiwan.

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-defence-idUSKBN2BB16V
2. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34729538

Supplementary Notes

China has viewed Taiwan as its breakaway province since KMT lost the civil war and fled to the island in 1949. And it has ramped up military activities in recent months, seeking to assert its sovereignty. The BBC article gives an overall description of the conflict between China and Taiwan.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

none

1. none

Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not that I know of.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Yuki Moritarni, and has been reviewed by Maiko Ichihara and Ryohei Suzuki

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No observation of this phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this statement.

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While Australia does not participate in multilateral security dialogues organised by the PRC, it does have bilateral defense and security mechanisms, such as the Australia-China Defence Strategic Dialogue, the last edition of which occurred in 2019.

1. https://www.foreignminister.gov.au/minister/penny-wong/media-release/australia-china-foreign-and-strategic-dialogue-joint-outcomes-statement#:~:text=The%20Sixth%20Australia%2DChina%20Foreign,and%20international%20issues%20of%20interest
2. https://china.embassy.gov.au/bjng/MR121214.html
3. https://www.defence.gov.au/news-events/releases/2019-11-13/22nd-australia-china-defence-strategic-dialogue

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh