Society

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Views of the PRC are mixed in Singapore, but there is a general view of the PRC as holding great commercial opportunity and technological prowess even if quite a sizable number of people (likely a minority, however) are suspicious of the PRC's intentions. Seen from a recent Pew poll, a majority of people from Singapore seem to hold positive views of the PRC. Some of this may be due to the media content they receive, given that Singapore mainstream media is quite positive of the PRC and there is quite a bit of pro-China programming from the PRC, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Some people in Singapore are drawn to the PRC as a site for "Asian values." Non-commercial elite/expert views tend to be more suspicious towards the PRC (see the expert poll from the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies above).

1. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/The-State-of-SEA-2021-v2.pdf
2. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/aseanfocus/the-state-of-southeast-asia-2020-survey-report/
3. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/06/30/chinas-international-image-remains-broadly-negative-as-views-of-the-u-s-rebound/

Supplementary Notes

There is also some conflation between the PRC state and immigrants from the PRC. There is some resistance to PRC immigrants, but that does not equate to views of the commercial promise of the PRC state.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Following the pandemic, PRC government gained Georgian people's trust and this is exactly why there is a high demand on the Chinese vaccines in Georgia. The registration places for the Chinese vaccine in Tbilisi were completely filled in 2 hours - Link Apr 30, 2021 - In Georgia, universal vaccination with Sinopharm (for people over 18) starts in a few days, but there are no vacancies in 28 out of 74 clinics. Registration started on April 27, and as of April 30 at 15:00, 15,600 out of 27,900 seats have already been booked. Places are mostly left in the regions. The data was counted by Radio Liberty on booking.moh.gov.ge according to the reservations and free seats. Link

1. https://formulanews.ge/News/49598
2. https://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/a/31231649.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to LatinoBarómetro data for 2018, around 57.6% of Brazilians interviewed consider Brazil-China relations "rather good". Also according to data from the LatinoBarómetro 2018 on the respondent's opinion about China, about 50% of Brazilians interviewed have a good opinion about China and 15% have a very good opinion about China. For comparison, in relation to the opinion of respondents about the US, for example, around 47% have a good opinion of the US and 22% have a very good opinion of the US.

1. https://www.latinobarometro.org/latOnline.jsp

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to LatinoBarometro, more than 60% of the Bolivians share a positive view about the PRC. The survey was conducted in 2018.

1. https://www.latinobarometro.org/latOnline.jsp

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to Latinobarometro, 58% of the Uruguayan people share a positive view of the PRC government (2018).

1. https://www.latinobarometro.org/latOnline.jsp

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to CADEM's 2019 survey, 77% of Chileans have a good image of China (notes 5 to 7), 16pts more than the positive image they have of the United States (61%).

1. https://www.cadem.cl/encuestas/estudio-no-275-22-de-abril/
2. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/database/indicator/24/country/CL

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The most recent scientific (2017) and non-scientific (2019) surveys point to relatively high favorability toward China among the Colombian public.

1. https://www.slideshare.net/PewResearchCenter/global-attitudes-toward-china-and-the-us
2. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1684-09332019000200006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/01/10/around-the-world-more-see-the-u-s-positively-than-china-but-little-confidence-in-trump-or-xi/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.lampadia.com/analisis/comercio-internacional-y-desarrollo/las-inspiradoras-enseanzas-de-jack-ma/
2. https://home.kpmg/pe/es/home/insights/2020/04/covid-19-la-respuesta-china-y-las-lecciones-sobre-como-responder-a-una-pandemia.html
3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33758434/

Supplementary Notes

Peruvian citizens don’t know about PRC, but about Chinese product and its powerful economy.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• Broadly yes. The case of Sihanoukville, high-dependence of Cambodia on investment, infrastructure, energy, tourism sector to China, repression to the opposition voice and China supporting oppressive regime could have made citizens unhappy with the PRC. Only the local expert can verify this. • …as a result of the peacekeeping operation, China’s ‘charm offensive’ in Cambodia was successful in transforming negative local perceptions of China’s past into more positive ones. This argument comes with an important caveat. The reason local Cambodians changed their perceptions in favour of China is not just that the PRC provided infrastructure to facilitate local Cambodian state-building and economic development – the reason often assumed in discussion of the ‘hearts and minds’ strategy of peace operation, as mentioned below. In fact, the more important factor is that China had engaged in diplomacy with multiple actors prior to the peacekeeping period – it had close relations with the Khmer Rouge, but simultaneously also with the King Father Sihanouk, who was a widely respected and still is a popular figure in Cambodia… Link • The influx of Chinese in Cambodia has caused some resentment towards the Chinese Link

1. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13533312.2011.563097
2. https://khmer.voanews.com/a/influx-of-Chinese-in-Cambodia-sparks-anti-Chinese-sentiment/5254421.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kindly check if South China Sea dispute and other mega projects have played negative role in Malaysian’s perception towards China. (Local expert). • Link Chinese governmentfunded Confucius Institutes — which promote both Chinese language instruction and a CCP-friendly narrative— launched at the University of Malaya in 2009, and the first overseas campus of a major Chinese university— Xiamen University of Malaysia — was established in 2015. Link

1. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/7-of-10-ASEAN-members-favor-China-over-US-survey
2. https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.cesid.rs/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/01-Percepcija-gra%C4%91ana-o-polo%C5%BEaju-Srbije-u-me%C4%91unarodnim-odnosima.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is only one survey that matches somewhat more closely the answer to this question. The survey was published in 2021 by the local Center for the Study of Democracy and Governance and supported by FES. It reflects the perceptions on the role of China in the security of Albania. Data was collected in September-October 2020. According to the survey 54.9% of respondents think that China (PRC) has a positive role in the national security of Albania. See: Link

1. http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/albanien/17555.pdf

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Uzbekistan’s hardest-working students see China as a promising alternative to America and Europe. They often learn about opportunities on social media- Link Yet even in Uzbekistan the good vibes appear to be waning. Whereas 65 percent of Uzbeks said they “strongly support” Chinese energy and infrastructure development last year, now only 48 percent do. Those who count themselves “strongly opposed” grew from 2 percent to 10 percent. Indeed, for each question where two years of data were available, Uzbeks grew more skeptical toward China in 2020- Link

1. https://eurasianet.org/for-coveted-spots-in-china-uzbek-students-study-like-crazy
2. https://eurasianet.org/poll-shows-uzbeks-like-neighbors-growing-leery-of-chinese-investments

Supplementary Notes

It might be concluded that the majority of people positively portray PRC. However, it appears that people became a little more skeptical towards the Chinese investments. Whereas 65 percent of Uzbeks said they “strongly support” Chinese energy and infrastructure development last year, now only 48 percent do. Those who count themselves “strongly opposed” grew from 2 percent to 10 percent. One of the reasonings can be the experience of other countries' in the region and moreover, loans from Beijing only started to flood in after the death of isolationist President Islam Karimov in 2016. And unlike Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan does not share a border with the PRC. It ca be assumed that people are more warned and cautious about the Chinese Investments than before. Main Source: Link

1. https://eurasianet.org/poll-shows-uzbeks-like-neighbors-growing-leery-of-chinese-investments

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/migrated/files/africa-china_relations-3sept20.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Afrobarometer suggests this is the case in Tanzania.

1. https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/migrated/files/publications/Dispatches/ad489-pap3-africans_welcome_chinas_influence_maintain_democratic_aspirations-afrobarometer_dispatch-15nov21.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Afrobarometer indicates that Gambian have a positive perception of China over the US in range of 55:52

1. https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/migrated/files/publications/Dispatches/ad489-pap3-africans_welcome_chinas_influence_maintain_democratic_aspirations-afrobarometer_dispatch-15nov21.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Unlike their overly emotionally positive attitude towards Russia, Bulgarians are only cautiously positive towards China, prefigured by the lack of deep political, economic and cultural ties between Bulgaria and China. Some 55% of the Bulgarians maintain a favorable view of Beijing, which is higher than in the rest of the CEE and Western European countries surveyed by Pew (including, Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, Slovakia, Czechia, Greece, Spain, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden).

1. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/12/05/chinas-economic-growth-mostly-welcomed-in-emerging-markets-but-neighbors-wary-of-its-influence/

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While the answer is yes, there have been developments lately. While Greece has traditionally been among the “China-friendly” countries in the EU, the mood has changed for the worse lately, particularly after the outburst of the pandemic.

1. https://idos.gr/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/China-Image-in-Greece_9-10-2018.pdf
2. https://idos.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Sino-Greek-Relations_in_Media_18-3-2021.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Sino-Afghan bilateral relations is characterised as non-interference that leaves a positive impression over general public. But also depends on the level of understanding of the subject matters. The general public desires access to the Chinese market, Yiwu used to be a hub for Afghan petty traders to buy cheap Chinese products and bring back to sell in Afghanistan.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceaf//eng/zagx/t1566687.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://bit.ly/3Q6SmSQ

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://ziare.com/social/romani/cata-incredere-au-romanii-in-politica-ue-nato-sau-a-americii-rusiei-si-china-1610977
2. https://www.globsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/GLOBSEC-Trends-2021_final.pdf
3. https://www.globsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/GLOBSEC-Trends-2020_read-version.pdf

Supplementary Notes

While there are very few polls in Romania regarding perceptions of China, those that exist have found a greater positive perception than the negative one, though it does not reach a majority of citizens - many respondents express no position. Most citizens don't know, or care much about China actually

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://neweurope.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Diplomatia2022_eng_web.pdf

Supplementary Notes

In Ukraine there is no opinion poll measuring the views of Ukrainians towards PRC government. However, when asked to evaluate the importance of deepening cooperation with the countries, PRC is placed 12 with 76,4% (behind Poland, Germany, Canada, UK, USA, France, Turkey, Georgia, Lithuania, Sweden, Italy). But when asked whom should Ukraine support in the case of a conflict between US and China, 52,6% said US and only 10,6% said China

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is worth noting that due to the repression and persecution system in the country it is hard to find trustworthy surveys.

1. https://www.myrconsultores.com/nicaraguenses-perspectivas-acerca-del-entorno-internacional-14va-ola/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, China is regularly hailed for its economic success, low tolerance for corruption and as a self-respecting nation by Pakistani leadears. Educated Pakistanis understand that China has supported Pakistan against India and the US. They overlook PRC's alleged human rights abuses and its conflicts in East Asia as the country's internal matters. Pakistanis generally look up to China because of its economic power and military support against India. Some in the business community do resent how cheap imports from the PRC have destroyed local manufacturing.

1. https://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/sites/uscpublicdiplomacy.org/files/CPEC_Twitter_Discourse_Analysis_China_Pakistan_Ahmed_Rojratanakiat_Taekasem.pdf
2. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/FP_20200615_china_pakistan_afzal_v2.pdf
3. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202202/1251538.shtml
4. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202210/06/WS633e8e1aa310fd2b29e7b223.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the public poll conducted by Taiwan Indicators Survey Research, the percentage of Taiwanese people with positive views toward China is 39%, and 40.1% with negative views. Also 6.9% of Taiwanese people have positive views toward Chinese Communist Party, and 82.5% of them have negative views.

1. https://www.storm.mg/new7/article/3038330

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chiang Min-yen

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://archive.ph/JBvoQ
2. https://archive.ph/wip/MHhY9

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://archive.ph/2fRVE
2. https://archive.ph/wip/zypka

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is mixed view. For those that perceived China negatively is influenced due to Indonesia’s increasing partnership with China primarily in relations to economics and politics. As the strategy used by the PRC to enhance their trade partnership with Indonesia is for their own domestic interest, this often causes people’s negative view towards the PRC. Moreover, several citizens that face economic hardship also view china negatively as they feel that China is using Indonesia’s thus causing economic hardship. However, data collected from the Indonesian National Survey Project (INSP) revealed that 77.3% of the respondents view China as an important and strategic partner to Indonesia and 90.1% of the respondents believe that have good ties with China will benefit Indonesia in the future.

1. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/pengaruh-china-besar-di-asia-termasuk-indonesia/5252330.html
2. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2017_89.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although anti-China protests periodically flare up in various cities in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, it’s too soon to speak of universal Sinophobia. In Kyrgyzstan, the protests were led by nationalist groups whose demands included the expulsion of all Chinese migrants from the country. Link In Kyrgyzstan, an ultranationalist group thrives on rising anti-Chinese sentiment Link

1. https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
2. https://globalvoices.org/2021/06/16/in-kyrgyzstan-an-ultranationalist-group-thrives-on-rising-anti-chinese-sentiment/

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kazakh concerns over possible Chinese domination are based not only on economic arguments. They need to be situated in a social context in which fear of China remains very real: the general lack of knowledge about China, and fear of too great a difference in demographic power, might well beimportant factors influencing Kazakh reactions to China’s growing presence. Source: Chinese Economic Presence in Kazakhstan China’s Resolve and Central Asia’s Apprehension - SÉBASTIEN PEYROUSE Link Article about Anti-China sentiments in Kazakhstan Link

1. https://forbes.kz/process/expertise/shest_prichin_antikitayskih_nastroeniy_v_kazahstane/
2. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3796069

Supplementary Notes

[Second respondent]: The negative perception of the PRC government by the Kazakhstani cannot be mentioned without referring to the agricultural reform in Kazakhstan which spurred a wave of mass protests across the country.

Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Direct Evidence Found.

Supplementary Notes

For the population of Tajikistan, China does not look like a model for comparing life values, however, the changes that have occurred in the Celestial Empire during the period of Rakhmon's rule may make them doubt the intrinsic value of Tajik stability. Link Please also check this link Link

1. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4528893
2. https://cabar.asia/ru/bitva-narrativov-vo-vremya-koronakrizisa-i-ee-vliyanie-na-tadzhiksko-kitajskie-otnosheniya

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a relative negative sentiment.

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/world/africa/kenya-china-racism.html
2. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/kenya-slams-china-over-racism-connected-to-covid-19/1805204
3. https://qz.com/africa/1423930/kenya-must-deal-with-chinese-racial-discrimination/
4. https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/kenya-govt-agency-probes-allegations-of-racism-against-china-road-bridge-corporation-against-local-staff/

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is not a majority positive views, but also not significantly negative. See a video of Nigerian Citizens and government officers learning Chinese language (from 1:00) Link

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No clear evidence of either of these answers

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Anti-Chinese perceptions in Latin American virtual communities (reference 1).

1. https://nuso.org/articulo/percepciones-antichinas-en-las-comunidades-virtuales-latinoamericanas/

Supplementary Notes

It is difficult to aseverate that the vast majority of Argentinians have a positive view of Chinese people. Ideas such as Chinese coming to take advantage of labor opportunities and the recent "China virus" retoric have taken a deep root in the citizens opinion over the country. But according to the refenrece quoted, a large majority of participants from Argentina (55%) agreed that it is bad that "Chinese ideas and customs are spreading" in their countrie. In contrast, the same survey also showed a generalized admiration for Chinese science and technology among a large majority in Argentina (72%) . The coexistence of attitudes of admiration and prejudice towards Chinese cultural dimensions is evident.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/10/06/unfavorable-views-of-china-reach-historic-highs-in-many-countries/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/06/30/chinas-international-image-remains-broadly-negative-as-views-of-the-u-s-rebound/
2. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/06/30/chinas-international-image-remains-broadly-negative-as-views-of-the-u-s-rebound/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

When asked which country to support if ASEAN were forced to support either US or China, the Philippines chose US from 2020 and 2021 at 82.5% and 86.6%, respectively. Link 59.7% of the Philippine respondents viewed China as revisionist power and intend to turn Southeast Asia into its sphere of influence. Link

1. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/The-State-of-SEA-2021-v2.pdf
2. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/The-State-of-SEA-2021-v2.pdf

Supplementary Notes

None

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

[Second respondent]: Actually, it depends on the political view of each person. Most Thai royalists favour PRC because of Princess Sirindhon’s supportive attitude toward PRC. Pro junta government people also stand with PRC since PRC is backing the Prayuth government. In contrast, the pro-democratic group often criticize PRC due to its authoritarian friendship with the Thai junta and PRC role in Mekong Basin crisis.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not really. However the positive view in Germany is higher than in many European countries.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Majority of citizens holds negative or neutral views of the PRC.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No, on the contrary.

1. https://denikn.cz/494263/pruzkum-cine-veri-jen-jeden-z-deseti-cechu-srbove-chvali-pomoc-svedi-jsou-nejtvrdsi/

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Polish public sentiment toward China is negative.

1. https://ceias.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/PL-poll-report.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Unfavourable views of the PRC in the UK currently stand at historic highs.

1. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/10/06/unfavorable-views-of-china-reach-historic-highs-in-many-countries/

Answered by Martin Thorley, and has been reviewed by Sam Hogg

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

Usually Jordanian people have no clear perception of the PRC, therefore, they pay minor attention to PRC's influence.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.gmfus.org/news/relations-china-0

Supplementary Notes

China has become an important economic partner for Tukey over the last decades. However, China’s revisionist policies, historical issues between Turkey and China and most importantly China’s policies towards Turkic Uyghur population created a negative China image amongst Turkish people.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The 1962 war, Covid-19 and the 2020 border clashes reflect that majority of citizens of Indian don't view the PRC in a positive view.

1. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ex-armymen-stage-stir-near-chinese-embassy-against-killing-of-indian-soldiers-in-galwan-valley/articleshow/76423668.cms?from=mdr

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Sriparna Pathak

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.cedem.me/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Prezentacija-decembar-2021._FINAL_compressed.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“Latvian respondents overall demonstrate neutral and even positive attitudes towards China, with almost 42.3% viewing China in a very positive or positive light, and 30% having a neutral attitude (Figure 1). Interestingly, China is overall viewed more positively than the USA (Figure 3). Only 28% of the respondents have a negative or a very negative view of China, which is significantly lower than the survey-wide average across 13 countries – 45.3%.” Link "In September and October 2020, the Sinophone Borderlands project at Palacký University Olomouc conducted a wide-scale survey of public opinion on China in 13 European countries.": Link “There is still a belief among Latvian society that Chinese wealth could spill over into the Latvian economy via transit, export and investment. When indicating preferred Latvian foreign policy priorities towards China, 81.1% respondents believe policy should be focused on “promotion of trade and investment”, and 62.1% of respondents share some degree of agreement over China’s capability to help the national transit sector.” Link "According to Security Radar, last year Latvians saw China as one of the top three countries that pose a threat to their country. The first two are Russia and the US. Unlike these two countries, Latvians do not associate China with militarization, but rather with other threats such as economic oppression, potential migration flows, as well as challenges in cyberspace, especially as regards the implementation of 5G. At the same time, many of the respondents who have demonstrated these fears have also manifested a lack of knowledge about China and its intentions. During focus group interviews, part of the respondents who were concerned about China’s influence reflected conspiracy theories translated in Russian state media or other media channels, such as YouTube, for example. And it is not surprising. According to statistics provided by Latvian Research Centre SKDS, a bit more than half of Latvians believe that their life is influenced by various conspiracies."- Link

1. https://ceias.eu/survey-europeans-views-of-china-in-the-age-of-covid-19/
2. https://ceias.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/LV-poll-report.pdf
3. https://www.fpri.org/article/2021/04/go-with-the-devil-you-dont-know-latvians-still-believe-in-economic-cooperation-with-china/

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The average Ghanaian has no 'interest' in th PRC government per se but generally have a negative view of the Chinese presence in Ghana and their government's engagement with the Chinese government and its effect on them. According to the Afrobarometer report, though views are generally low and mixed, some aspects have improved over the years

1. https://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/africa-china_relations-3sept20.pdf
2. https://chinadialogue.net/en/business/6005-special-report-china-s-image-crisis-in-ghana/
3. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3925&context=isp_collection

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Zambia is beset by a lot of problems, that range from unemployment, poverty and inequality. The Zambian government has also incurred a lot of debt that has reduced the government's capacity to provide public goods such as education, basic healthcare and electricity. China is usually blamed for some of these factors and so the majority of Zambian do not have a positive view of China. There are some who welcome Chinese employment and goods, and these are typically Zambians who work in Chinese firms, and without this low-paying opportunity might otherwise be unemployed. Thus, their attitude toward China is that of resignation rather than convincing endorsement of PRC.

Answered by 3 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://spravy.pravda.sk/svet/clanok/570279-cina-slovakov-neoslnuje/
2. https://dennikn.sk/2144662/cina-nema-v-europe-dobry-imidz-na-slovensku-podla-prieskumu-najpozitivnejsie-vnimame-rusko/
3. https://ceias.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/SK-poll-report_FINAL.pdf

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.ifri.org/fr/publications/publications-ifri/lopinion-publique-francaise-chine-lere-covid-19-mefiance-politique#:~:text=La%20Chine%20figure%20%C3%A0%20la,Hong%20Kong%20et%20du%20Vietnam.
2. https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/11/24/l-image-de-la-chine-est-negative-en-france-a-droite-comme-a-gauche-de-l-eventail-politique_6060897_3210.html

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Usually Bangladeshi people do not think of China as much. But as the media is engulfed with Indian news stories - the usual Anti-China stuff trickles down to Bangladesh and people believe them. And the treatment of Uyghur Muslims have bothered many Bangladeshis. They don't probably have positive views of the PRC government - but they don't have extreme negative views either (unlike India).

1. https://www.quora.com/How-does-Bangladeshi-people-think-of-China
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348060366_Understanding_China's_Relationship_with_Bangladesh

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the latest national poll available (data collected in late February-early March 2022), 20% of Lithuanian respondents viewed China very negatively, and 44% rather negatively.

1. https://madeinvilnius.lt/naujienos/lietuvos-naujienos/apklausos-lietuvos-gyventojai-isrinko-draugiskasir-nedraugiskas-salis/

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While there has been up until now no survey carried out regarding the Austrian’s public views on China, given the stark deterioration of feeling towards China in Germany (see. notably Rühlig et al. (2020)) and the promoximity of both countries media ecosystem, it appears likely that views towards the PRC government have followed a similar trend in Austria.

1. https://ceias.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/DE-poll-report_ISBN1.pdf

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

But very close: This indicator "Ugyanolyan rossz véleménnyel vannak a magyarok Ukrajnáról, mint Oroszországról " shows that 51% of Hungarians have positive view to China(see below URL1). However, other indicator "Ki szereti Kínát?" shows that around 25% of Hungarians have positive view to China(see below URL2).

1. https://444.hu/2022/05/09/ugyanolyan-rossz-velemennyel-vannak-a-magyarok-ukrajnarol-mint-oroszorszagrol
2. https://merce.hu/2021/01/20/ki-szereti-kinat

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/10/06/unfavorable-views-of-china-reach-historic-highs-in-many-countries/
2. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2022/06/29/negative-views-of-china-tied-to-critical-views-of-its-policies-on-human-rights

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://www.prespa-institute.mk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/3I-izvestaj_A4_%D0%9C%D0%9A_WEB.pdf

Supplementary Notes

There are no data on the perception on the Chines government. But a 2019 study by North Macedonia Think Tank, Prespa Institute, about the people’s perception of foreign countries notes that 1 out of 10 citizens in North Macedonia thinks that China is donating for economic and democratic development of their country, while 15 per cent of citizens connect china with trade, business, investments and cooperation (see URL above) .

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://bit.ly/397wfuM
2. https://bit.ly/3tgIJao

Supplementary Notes

No existen reportes sobre medición de percepciones positivas o negativas de los ciudadanos ecuatorianos sobre el gobierno de la RPC; sin embargo, existe una fuerte presencia de críticas a la relación con China, especialmente en prensa y varios sectores políticos referentes a: a) la devastación por pesca en las islas Galápagos; b) la percepción sobre preventa petrolera que ha significado perjuicio y endeudamiento extremo al ecuador, c) una supuesta hipoteca del país por créditos chinos, d) una acción voraz en el mundo d ellos negocios especialmente mineros, etc. Últimamente ha existido posiciones más amigables por el tema de la cooperación en vacunas covid-19 y otras medias para la pandemia. (Ejemplos de reportes negativos en estudios y reportajes nacionales e internacionales en link 1 y 2).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://bit.ly/3PRGgfZ
2. https://minorityrights.org/minorities/chinese-panamanians/
3. https://www.laestrella.com.pa/opinion/columnistas/220412/drama-chinos-panama

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.iri.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/IRI-2022-Moldova-Poll-February-March_PUBLIC.pdf

Supplementary Notes

According to a 2022 survey, 64% of respondents do not know how to rate the relations between Moldova and China, which is the closest indicator to their opinion on the PRC: lack of exposure to the topic and low interest

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.ilfoglio.it/esteri/2020/10/07/news/che-cosa-pensiamo-davvero-della-cina--1142371/
2. https://www.termometropolitico.it/1266230_sondaggi-politici-sono-gli-italiani-i-piu-anti-cinesi-in-europa.html
3. https://formiche.net/2021/05/draghi-e-dragoni-la-cina-e-meno-vicina-il-report-dagli-stati-uniti/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.clingendael.org/publication/dutch-views-china

Supplementary Notes

Recent prominent think tank report on public opinion and China is called 'Unfavorable and deteriorating'

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"We share a common Soviet background and we came out of communism. Their parents and my parents lived in approximately the same conditions, so they are understandable to me as a nation. It seems to me that we share something in common in mentality. We, Belarusians, are hardworking, and the Chinese are also so hardworking, ready to endure for the sake of some idea, a brighter future". " I would say that it is easier for Belarusians to find a common language with the Chinese than for Russians. Belarusians do not impose their point of view, and they communicate well with other people. Therefore, the Chinese see us as friendly and pleasant people. But in general, Belarusians are closer to the European way, the European mentality. We are, after all, a European country." (see below URL)

1. https://belsat.eu/ru/news/07-04-2022-chto-obshhego-u-belarusi-i-kitaya-i-mozhno-li-nazvat-podnebesnuyu-drugom-belarusi-opyt-belorusov-zhivushhih-v-kitae/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Evidence show the opposite, particularly after COVID.

1. https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/covid-19-y-la-imagen-de-china-en-espana/
2. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/10/06/unfavorable-views-of-china-reach-historic-highs-in-many-countries/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No direct evidence found

Supplementary Notes

Link In the South Caucasus, Sinophobe sentiments among the public are not as strong as in Central Asia, a difference likely stemming from a geographical distance from China and a low numbers of Chinese labor migrants in the three republics. As a result, in the South Caucasian countries more positive/neutral (rather than negative) perspective towards China is visible.

1. https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13604-chinas-soft-power-in-the-south-caucasus.html

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Very possible it is the case in Senegal, however the number of people that current evidence indicates is not strong enough to respond "yes".

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-senegal-china-idUSKBN1KB0PL

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supplementary Notes

Although there are voices in favor of the relationship with the PRC, there is no evidence about the opinion of the majority of the Paraguayan society on the subject. For this reason, it was decided not to answer the question.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

we rather not answer the question since there are no surveys or information on the matter.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

There are no data and/or surveys which can support or deny the claim.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

Our expert mentioned that Lebanese society stays neutral towards the PRC. So it is difficult to identify the exact answer.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Given the understanding that Turkmenistan is an extremely closed-off society, its citizens are given information provided by the state. As the state have been having good relations with China in the past 10 years, a good image of China is consistently presented. Based on this, it is likely that majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government, however where is no research that can possibly be done on this on Turkmenistan.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.