Society

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Panama-China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification (PCCPPR) is the Panama chapter of the China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification, a group that lobbies globally for support of the PRC’s “reunification” with Taiwan under the UFWD. It is at the nexus of United Front activity in Panama. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" and an "Significant" rating.

1. https://www.iri.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/bridge-ii_fullreport-r7-021221.pdf

Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is evidence about an organization called " Asociación para la Promoción de la Reunificación Pacífica de China en Venezuela (Veneuzelan Asociation for the Promotion of Chinese Peaceful Reunification". This organization has been working since at least 2007, but also had a meeting in May 2023 with the current Ambassador in Caracas, Lan Hu. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few, significant" rating.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/wjdt_674879/zwbd_674895/202305/t20230509_11073807.shtml
2. https://www.huaxia.com/c/2023/08/10/1756735.shtml
3. http://www.taiwan.cn/zt/szzt/cth/hqxs/200709/t20070921_457981.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Taiwan has many pro-unification groups actively advocating on a broad ideology spectrum. At one side, China has been claiming Taiwan an inseparable part of China, and has worked hard to infiltrate Taiwan in all means for a long time. At the other side, the legacy of Republic of China retreat to Taiwan and the authoritarian rule afterward, has left many Taiwanese who were grown under the authoritarianism the identity as Chinese people, and the ideology of ultimate unification. In a statement released by the website of China Council for the Promotion of the Peaceful National Unification, some pro-unification groups are listed, such as Taiwan Area Victims of Political Persecution Mutual Aid Association (台灣地區政治受難人互助會), Labor Party (勞動黨), Unification Alliance Party (統一聯盟黨), The China Tide Association (夏潮聯合會), China Foundation (中華基金會), Gu Jingliang Cultural Foundation (辜金良文化基金會), Renjian Publishers (人間出版社), Cross-Strait Peace & Development Union (中華兩岸和平發展聯合會), Labor Rights Association (勞動人權協會) and Forum for Peaceful Development of Cross-Strait Relations (兩岸和平發展論壇). In September 2022, the Taiwanese pro-unification groups including New Party (新党), Unification Alliance Party (统一聯盟党), Labor Party (劳动党), Unionist Party (中华统一促进党), Blue Sky Action Alliance (蓝天行动联盟), and New Immigrants Labor Rights Association (新移民劳动权益促进会) virtually participated in the Forum from Taipei.

1. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202005/t20200521_12276552.html
2. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/k6A08Ier0nN4hO3jzsD56g

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A group was established in August 2015 in Kinshasa

1. http://cd.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sghd/201508/t20150805_5579718.htm
2. http://cd.china-embassy.gov.cn/sbjw/202304/t20230401_11053065.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Christian Rumu

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"日本中国和平统一促进会" and “日本华侨华人联合会” exist in Japan. In addition, there are several Chinese organizations in Japan that are deeply concerned about the Taiwan issue but are not listed as members. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Also, news reports regarding "Promotion of Peaceful Reunification" can be found. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.

1. https://jp.reuters.com/article/china-parliament-taiwan-idJPKBN2V701U
2. https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOCB25B6G0V20C23A5000000/;
3. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/zt/tch9hwhzh/bwbd/xgzl/201211/t20121107_3356648.html
4. https://www.pcprj.org/
5. http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2022/0804/c1002-32494599.html
6. https://www.ucrj.jp/;
7. http://osaka.china-consulate.gov.cn/xwdt/202401/t20240118_11228453.htm

Answered by Yuki Moritarni, and has been reviewed by Maiko Ichihara and Ryohei Suzuki

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are such orgazations in all major cities in Canada from coast to coast.

1. https://medium.com/@ufwdyvr/reds-vs-reds-2018-7f9f8230e1f1
2. https://web.archive.org/web/2024062405091/https://www.theepochtimes.com/world/groups-in-canada-echo-ccps-threat-against-taiwan-4704975

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are Peaceful unification association chapters in more than 30 cities in the United States. Therefore, this Indicator desertves a "More than a few" rating. These organizations often break US laws, fail to register as foreign agents, and interfere in peaceful protests in the United States. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.

1. https://www.axios.com/2023/05/16/doj-indictment-alleges-chinas-united-front-involvement-repression
2. https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/16/china/us-citizen-john-leung-china-intl-hnk/index.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Organisations such as The Promotion of China Reunification Society in the UK and the Confederation of Chinese Associations UK routinely comment on issues such as the unification of Taiwan and 'One Country, Two Systems' in Hong Kong. These remarks are typically made in Chinese and predominantly targeted at areas with a large Chinese population. Since these organisations claim to represent the British Chinese community, they have enjoyed some engagement from local and even national political figures, and from business leaders and other public figures. Pro-CCP campaigning has in some instances led to violence and threats against dissidents, including Hongkongers, Tibetans, and Uyghurs. For example, a purported 'anti-racism' rally set up by pro-CCP groups in London's Chinatown involved the dissemination of false narratives about Xinjiang and degenerated into a brawl when pro-democracy Hongkongers, who arrived to oppose the rally, were attacked by rally supporters. Given the regularity of such incidents and the disproportionate effect they have towards relevant discussions within the British Chinese diaspora, this Indicator deserves the 'More than a few' and 'Significant' ratings.

1. https://www.ukpcrs.com/
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679906/1206x2_679926/202209/t20220922_10769839.shtml.
3. http://gb.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxw/202207/t20220701_10714023.htm.
4. http://www.oushinet.com/static/content/weekly/english/2023-03-20/1087385992912453632.html

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In my country there is a Costa Rican Association for the Promotion of the Peaceful Reunification of China and a delegation travelled in April 2023 to Shanghai (see link 1). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “few” rating In addition, these sources mention the Association of United Chinese-Costa Ricans in Costa Rica (see link 2). Of these groups, however, there is no sign of official websites. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Significant” rating".

1. https://n9.cl/s5fml
2. https://n9.cl/uy4au

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A group called "Peruvian Association for the Promotion of the Peaceful Reunification of China" represented by Mr. Lei Ziming has been known for more than 7 years.Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. This association has held meetings with the Chinese Embassy in Peru and with other associations of the same type in Latin America. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Significant” rating.

1. http://pe.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sghd/201508/t20150819_4463865.htm
2. https://www.52hrtt.com/fj/n/w/info/A1698309706982

Supplementary Notes

The activities of the "Peruvian Association for the Promotion of the Peaceful Reunification of China" on social networks and in Spanish-language browser search engines are limited.

Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a Chilean association for the peaceful reunification of China (智利中国和平统一促进会) the organization was founded in 2002 and officially constituted in 2012 and constantly participates in Chinese overseas activities, donation campaigns and meetings with the embassy. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. They conduct activities and meetings in which they invite chinese authorities and the chinese diaspora. The are also vocal and issue statements, for example, against US measures on Hong Kong. Most of their communication is conducted in Chinese and a few pieces of information can be found in Spanish. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.

1. https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1049959
2. https://revistadeantropologia.uchile.cl/index.php/RCA/article/view/61605/70824
3. http://www.chilecn.com/archives/1544
4. http://www.chinacelacforum.org/chn/zgtlmjlbgjgx/201803/t20180320_6248512.htm

Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although organization like the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China doesn’t exist in Algeria, there is an All African Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China.

1. http://www.focac.org/zfzs/202211/t20221125_10981152.htm
2. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202307/t20230709_12549078.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is even a French NGO registered in French Polynesia openly advocating for it

1. https://repertoiredesassociations.fr/france/collectivites-d-outre-mer/polynesie/papeete/association-pour-la-promotion-de-la-reunification-pacifique-de-la-chine-polynesie-francaise-aprpcpf-/w9p1009291.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although there is no explicit mention of words like "Promotion of Peaceful Reunification" in its title, the Overseas Chinese Association of Lithuania has been functioning in the country since 2016. Its official website hints at regular contacts with "Peaceful Reunification" organizations in other European countries and has published a "joint declaration" on this topic. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" and "Significant" rating.

1. http://lt.china-office.gov.cn/chn/sgxw/202208/t20220804_10734803.htm

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Gerd Kaminski, the late Director of the Austrian Institute for China and South-East Asia Research (ICSOA), and Xu Fangfang note that the ‘Society for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification in Austria’ (in German: Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Friedlichen Wiedervereinigung Chinas in Österreich; In Chinese: 奥地利中国和平统一促进会) is one of the most influential overseas Chinese associations in Austria. The association remains active. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" and "Significant" rating.

1. https://www.chinafile.com/ngo/latest/united-front-work-departments-austrian-chapter-registers-foreign-ngo-china
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329421364_Overseas_Chinese_Associations_in_Austria
3. http://www.hbql.gov.cn/view/5477.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Several UFWD organizations operate in Slovakia (at least 17), though they are not very active.

1. http://sk.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sgxx/dongtai1/202208/t20220804_10734677.htm

Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is evidence that suggests that a West African Council for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China (CPPRC) has existed since as early as 2004 and one of the member countries is Nigeria. Therefore this indicator deserves a few rating. China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association of West Africa and Nigeria group has been active since, including in 2024 when it issued statements about the Taiwan election. Therefore this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.

1. http://lagos.china-consulate.gov.cn/zlsxw/202401/t20240116_11224606.htm
2. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/zt/tch9hwhzh/bwbd/xgzl/201211/t20121107_3356648.html
3. https://www.unhm.org/2023/08/15/hong/archives/11612

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no groups with these specific names. However, entities such as native place and clan associations publicize PRC positions advocating for or supporting PRC control over Taiwan, Hong Kong, Xinjiang, and Tibet. The leadership of these organizations participates in overseas events that include entities with names like 'Promotion of Peaceful Reunification.' These associations and clans have access to parts of the local ethnic Chinese community, and their leaders often overlap with the grassroots of the long-dominant People's Action Party, providing some access to ministers and members of parliament. The 'few, significant' rating is assigned because these organizations in Singapore function similarly to other 'Promotion of Peaceful Reunification' groups, even if they do not use the same name. The naming convention is likely a way to circumvent Singapore's restrictions on registering politically oriented organizations, particularly those with overseas links. As a result, there is an emphasis on projecting a cultural and community-focused public image.

1. http://m.xinhuanet.com/2019-08/22/c_1124904895.htm
2. https://www.taimeng.org.cn/dtxw/tmyw/202311/t20231113_341255.htm
3. https://huayuanassociation.com/zh/华源会会长王泉成授聘为中国海外交流协会第六届/
4. https://www.sohu.com/a/225656008_157267
5. http://sg.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgsd/202208/t20220805_10735321.htm
6. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/wjdt_674879/zwbd_674895/200703/t20070316_7867948.shtml
7. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/who-is-mr-philip-chan-the-man-against-whom-s-pore-has-invoked-its-foreign-interference-law
8. http://www.taiwan.cn/fd/asia/hr/201011/t20101102_1585313.htm
9. https://foochow.org/main/福州平潭经贸考察团/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Brazil, there is the Brazilian Association for the Promotion of the Peaceful Reunification of China, the Hongmen of Brasil Association (in São Paulo), the Association of Overseas Chinese in Brazil for the Promotion of the Peaceful Reunification of China and the China Pro-Reunification Association (in Rio de Janeiro). At different times and instances, they have been vocal especially in relation to Taiwan in the Brazilian public debate.

1. http://english.scio.gov.cn/topnews/2022-01/01/content_77964858.htm
2. https://dialogosdosul.operamundi.uol.com.br/brasil/77138/comunidade-chinesa-no-rio-reitera-apoio-a-consenso-de-1992-e-principio-de-uma-so-china
3. http://portuguese.people.com.cn/n3/2022/0804/c309809-10131224.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There exists groups in Zimbabwe with the words "Promotion of Peaceful Reunification" in their name

1. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/zt/tch9hwhzh/bwbd/xgzl/201211/t20121107_3356648.html
2. https://www.sohu.com/a/752054669_121123712
3. http://www.news.cn/2021-07/02/c_1127618604.htm

Answered by Ernest Mudzengi and Nancy Kambudzi, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the past recent years, around 2019 and 2021. There were pro-Hong Kong rallies in Malaysia, however little evidence could be found on the Malaysian popular opinion regarding Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. This might destablize the Chinese growing influence in the South China Sea region. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.

1. https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2019/10/01/cops-probe-pro-hong-kong-protest-in-kl
2. https://pages.malaysiakini.com/hk-misinfo/en

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An organization called ""乌干达中国和平统一促进会"" exists. It's the Chinese Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification in Uganda.

1. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202307/t20230713_12550180.html
2. http://ug.china-embassy.gov.cn/lqfw/lqdtyts/202006/t20200605_7270206.htm
3. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/zt/tch9hwhzh/bwbd/xgzl/201211/t20121107_3356648.html

Answered by Agather Atuhaire, and has been reviewed by Abdou Rahim Lema

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Australian Council for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China (ACPPRC) was founded in 2000. It influences the stance and orientation of various Chinese community organisations. For instance, in reaction to the Hong Kong National Security Law, over 300 Chinese associations released a joint statement on August 15, 2019, expressing their support for the Hong Kong government and police in upholding social order. While such remarks exist almost exclusively in Chinese media and may not represent the views of Chinese Australians, the ACPPRC engages with Members of Parliament in private and its members regularly attend fundraising events, seeking to engage with political campaigns. This is significant because of Australian officials may assume these organisations adequately represents the Chinese Australian community.

1. http://www.acpprc.org.au/english/aboutus.asp
2. https://www.chinaqw.com/qbapp/hzhxzwShare.html?id=5f0322ed1cb2a65b2fac95b8
3. http://fqworld.org/hwqx/57997.jhtml
4. http://www.chinaqw.com/hqhr/2019/08-15/229087.shtml
5. https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/labor-s-kristina-keneally-met-with-head-of-united-front-group-20211020-p591k2.html

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

2021 “On October 14th, the Egyptian China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association and the overseas Chinese community in Egypt held a symposium in Cairo to commemorate the 110th anniversary of the 1911 Revolution and learn the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech. Chang Ding Yong presided over the symposium.” Link 2020 “Egypt-China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association Strongly Condemns U.S. Appointment of So-called "Special Coordinator for Tibet Affairs" Link 2020 "Egypt-China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association warns Tsai Ing-wen: Going against the trend of history will surely be cast aside by Chinese all over the world" Link 2019 "Egypt China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association & Egyptian Chinese Friendship Council held a symposium to study the spirit of the National Two Sessions Conference." Link

1. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202110/t20211018_12385088.html
2. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202010/t20201022_12302476.html
3. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202005/t20200520_12276081.html
4. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/201903/t20190325_12151108.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.chinanews.se/static/content/QJ/2022-08-31/1016970904389033984.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are community associations that support these views, but there are also many business-focused organisations. Therefore this Indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. There has been moves to ensure that the media supplying these organisations keep to the party line and delegates from Chinese media in South Africa at The Chinese Media Forums. The impact of these more broadly in South African society is not evident. Therefore this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.

1. http://za.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/sgxw/202204/t20220424_10672995.htm
2. https://africachinareporting.com/the-south-african-chinese-community-an-overview-of-the-major-organisations/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, there are many of these, they tend to publicise their views in Chinese only, te second link contains the names of the main groups

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20240214034222/
2. https://zhongguotongcuhui.org.nz/
3. https://web.archive.org/web/20200703055301/
4. https://web.archive.org/web/20240214034559/
5. https://friends.skykiwi.com/baijia/shetuan/ttlhh/2020-07-02/4843.html

Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Germany has an extensive network of such UF organizations. They do not publicly interfere too much, however they are active exercising influence in closed-door or smaller circle venues, e.g. business or cultural organizations.

1. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/how-chinas-united-front-system-works-overseas/

Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few, but insignificant" rating.

1. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/zt/tch9hwhzh/bwbd/xgzl/201211/t20121107_3356648.html
2. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/tylt/201304/201309/t20130913_4875950.html

Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

""Kína Békés Egyesítését Előmozdító Magyarországi Egyesület"", ""Magyarországi Kínaiak Békét és Egységet Előmozdító Társasága"" They are not very visible, however. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an ""Insignificant"" rating.

1. https://kisebbsegkutato.tk.hu/adatbazis/migr?keyword=&f_68=K%C3%ADna&f_69=&f_70=&f_72=&f_73=&f_76=

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An organization called “比利时中国和平统一促进会(China Council for the Peaceful National Reunification in Belgium)” exists

1. https://archive.ph/k3Jnh
2. https://archive.ph/m83oF
3. https://wayback-api.archive.org/save/http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/zt/tch9hwhzh/bwbd/xgzl/201211/t20121107_3356648.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An organization called “波黑中国和平统一促进会 (China Council for the Peaceful National Reunification in Bosnia & Herzegovina)” exists.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/zwbd_673032/jghd_673046/202309/t20230926_11150278.shtml
2. http://ba.china-embassy.gov.cn/sgxx/sghd/202405/t20240522_11309327.htm
3. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202208/t20220812_12460712.html#:~:text=%E6%B3%A2%E9%BB%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%BF%83%E8%BF%9B%E4%BC%9A%E5%9D%9A%E5%86%B3%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%8A%9E%E5%8F%91%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8A%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%B0%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%9A%E3%80%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%82

Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Finland Association for Promoting Peaceful Reunification of China (FAPPRC) established in 2017, connected to the United Front work department, it organised a counter-demonstration against pro-democracy demonstrations in solidarity with Hong Kong

1. https://www.isdp.eu/publication/chinese-influence-networks-in-finland-a-preliminary-case-study/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An organization called “丹麦中国和平统一促进会(China Council for the Peaceful National Reunification in Denmark)” exists.

1. https://hetong.dk/
2. https://archive.ph/DeJVn

Supplementary Notes

With respect to indicators 1-3, search queries in both Danish and Chinese didn't yield any findings.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

These groups exist but at least in English-language media are not prominent.

1. http://ie.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zagx/News/201808/t20180823_2540222.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Most Chinese associations in Greece target the expansion of cooperation between the two countries on an economic, cultural and political level, with very few examples of Taiwan reunification promotion, with Greece-China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association being the only found reported example. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. There is no further evidence of the aforementioned association's, or any other entities', active role in promoting China-Taiwan reunification in Greece. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.

1. https://www.tellerreport.com/news/2021-01-22-%0A---greece-china-peaceful-reunification-promotion-association-holds-online-re-election-ceremony%0A--.HkwwNCnDku.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An organization called “葡萄牙中国和平统一促进会(Portuguese Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China)” exists. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Nonetheless, its activities are far from having an impact in society. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.

1. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/zt/dibajie/10_hwtch/10_hwtchrc/201211/t20121107_3356451.html
2. https://www.chinanews.com.cn/hr/2024/01-16/10147120.shtml
3. http://www.puxinbao.top/static/content/PTYQX/2024-01-15/1196691785171615744.html
4. http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2020-06/03/content_1989976.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An association exists which is named the Romanian Association for the Promotion of the Peaceful Reunification of China, but it is completely obscure, with no activity and functional website

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are such organizations, but their influence is small and they are generally heavily scrutinized by the media and civil society. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" and "Insignificant" rating. The SINOPSIS report outlines the existence and activity of groups and organizations tied to the PRC (and frequently take apologetic positions regarding Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet, etc). The report very clearly explains that while these organizations exist and are active in Italy, their clout and influence is limited.

1. https://sinopsis.cz/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/it0.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is at least one organization of this type, though they direct most of their activity toward Chinese speakers within the country. Therefore, the indicator deserves a "Few" and "Insignificant" rating.

1. https://leidenasiacentre.nl/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Chinas-influence-and-the-Chinese-community-in-the-Netherlands-F.N.-Pieke.-Machine-translation..pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The organization seemed active particularly after the visit of Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan but with insignificant impact in Spain.

1. http://list.elmandarin.es/%E5%88%A9%E5%89%91%E9%AB%98%E6%82%AC-%E4%BB%A5%E6%B3%95%E4%BF%83%E7%BB%9F-%E6%97%85%E8%A5%BF%E4%BE%A8%E7%95%8C%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E3%80%8A%E5%8F%8D%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82/
2. http://www.ouhua.info/2020/0918/31555.html http://www.chinaql.org/n1/2021/0702/c419643-32147398.html
3. https://www.asochino.com/%E6%97%85%E8%A5%BF%E4%BE%A8%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BE%E8%A1%8C%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E3%80%81%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E3%80%81%E6%8B%A5%E6%8A%A4%E3%80%8A%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%B0%E6%97%B6/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The only reference found was the participation of Huang Shujin as the President of the China Council for the Promotion of the Peaceful National Reunification in Nicaragua.

1. https://iberiamerica.org/index.php/p/article/download/59/55

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I could not find a website or any other information but a statement from 2022 published by the PRC Consulate in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, signed by such organization condenming the visita of Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan.

1. http://santacruz.china-consulate.gov.cn/lgdt/202208/t20220804_10733993.htm
2. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnyw/201507/t20150713_10251846.html

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Only evidence found is a website of "Paraguay Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China" with no information and that looks as an automatic translation or something fishy.

1. http://papprc.com/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PRC affliated groups usually do not lobby on this issues in Pakistan. Despite lacking an association such as the Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China, there are small and insignificant Chinese organizations in Pakistan that consistently support and mirror the PRC's position on matters pertaining to Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet, and Xinjiang.

1. https://bj.crntt.com/crn-webapp/touch/detail.jsp?coluid=7&kindid=0&docid=106700802
2. http://pk.china-embassy.gov.cn/zbgx/202208/t20220811_10741263.htm

Answered by Shahzeb Jillani, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Ethiopia China Peaceful Reunification Promotion Association, was established in October 2018. It is initiated and organised by local Chinese. It is not clear that it is still active.

1. https://www.imsilkroad.com/news/p/114666.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Czech China Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification exists as a Chinese diaspora umbrella organization, but it is rarely active, and even less beyond the small diaspora community itself.

1. https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/122925/120371731.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

波兰中国和平统一促进会 during the period covered by this report only occasionally publicized their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong Tibet and Xinjiang issues. This organization’s impact is limited to members fo Chinese diaspora. Therefore this indicator deserves a “few” and “insignificant” rating.

1. https://archive.ph/nDydr
2. https://archive.ph/yvncm
3. https://archive.ph/hlOGb
4. https://archive.ph/8EDvN
5. https://archive.ph/UqH5Z

Supplementary Notes

However, it should be noted that public expressing views on CCP promoted unification is not the most important function of this association in Poland. Its main activity is to keep channels of contact with other diaspora association and mobilize their members whenever CCP needs the diaspora voices to support actions in Xinjiang, Tibet or against Taiwan.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An organization called “世界越棉寮华人中国和平统一促进会(World Vietnam-Cambodia-Laos Chinese Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification of China)” exists.

1. https://www.huaxia.com/c/2023/08/10/1756997.shtml
2. http://melbourne.china-consulate.gov.cn/chn/zqqq/201702/t20170214_140830.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No groups with this name could be found, but there are internet publishers that publish information on this topic in a positive way.

1. http://www.kitaichina.com/
2. http://russian.china.org.cn/index.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An organization called "莫桑比克中国和平统一促进会" exists. It's the Chinese Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification in Mozambique.

1. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/zt/tch9hwhzh/bwbd/xgzl/201211/t20121107_3356648.html
2. http://www.chinapolicy.net/bencandy.php?fid-43-id-102678-page-1.htm
3. http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2020-06/03/content_1989976.htm

Answered by Sérgio Chichava, and has been reviewed by Tomé Bambo

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

"Under alleged pressure from China, Latvian museum cancels Hong Kong exhibition Link The Symposium on Tibet Today was Held in Riga Link Latvia has been very benevolent towards our issue and has always raised their voice against the illegal treatment of Chinese government on Tibetans inside Tibet Link"

1. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1473784/under-alleged-pressure-from-china-latvian-museum-cancels-hong-kong-exhibition
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/celv/eng/xwdt/t1401719.htm
3. https://tibetanparliament.org/seventh-wpct-riga-2019/

Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No new evidence was found.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence was found.

Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Uzbekistan isn't indicated.

1. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/

Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence was found.

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No new evidence was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence was found.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator Phenomenon

1. https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1870-75992016000100075

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence of this type of organization in Colombia. There are other types of organizations such as the one that brings together the Chinese colony in Colombia; the Association of Colombian-Chinese Friendship and others dedicated to trade and investment issues such as the Colombian-Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Integration; the Association of Chinese investment companies in Colombia and the Colombian-Chinese Chamber of Investment and Commerce.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

no

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observationof the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We checked the registry of NGOs and found no such organizations

1. https://date.gov.md/ckan/ro/dataset/18516-date-din-registrul-de-stat-al-unitatilor-de-drept-privind-organizatiile-necomerciale
2. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Chinese expat community reportedly ranged from 20 to 60, depending on the stability in the country during that period.

1. NO LINK

Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Given Turkmenistan's policies prohibiting foreigners from living in the country, it is unlikely that these groups can have an administrative presence in Turkmenistan. The China Central Asia Friendship Association, for example, has members based in the PRC and occasionally co-hosts events with PRC embassies in the region, including in Turkmenistan. However, this should not be considered as an organization actively working within Turkmenistan.

1. NO LINK

Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Sriparna Pathak

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Ambassador Vijay Kant Karna

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not that I know of.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

In Argentina, issues referring to Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet, and Xinjiang are hardly known by the local society, groups, or organizations, except for specialized academic or governmental circles. That is why there are not public manifestations of support or views on these topics.

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are Chinese associations in Uruguay but none related to use the expression "Promotion of Peaceful Reunification". Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response.

1. https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12008/23299/1/TMFCS_BritoJuliaValeria.pdf

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.idcpc.gov.cn/english/news/202208/t20220829_149699.html

Supplementary Notes

In 2022, Liu Jianchao, Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, met with the heads of Chinese communities in the Philippines who supposedly "expressed the willingness to continue to make active efforts to promote the everlasting friendship between China and the Philippines, promote the peaceful reunification of China and oppose 'Taiwan independence.'" But it's not clear whether these are the stances of the groups.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no indicator of the said phenomenon.

Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The military regime explicitly expressed their commitment to fully support China’s goal of achieving peaceful reunification.

1. https://www.facebook.com/mofamyanmar/posts/pfbid01DrjiXej2onzZSs66NbiSUoufQch9R6NFFqZkrb2tQHAPxr1YQ1i2zzyVVXUojaAl

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We are unable to find any source which indicates it

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We are unable to find any source which indicates it

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We are unable to find any source which indicates it

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no specific peace promotion regarding issues involving Tibet, Taiwan and Xinjiang. However, during the soccer World Cup in Qatar last year, it was discovered that the organizers had deliberately included Taiwan as part of China in the ticket booking application.

1. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-15/qatar-alters-world-cup-app-that-treated-taiwan-as-part-of-china

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No. However, there are entities in Cambodia that have made statements that support China's position.

1. http://kh.china-embassy.gov.cn/zgjx/202005/t20200531_1372427.htm

Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The size of the Chinese diaspora community in Israel is negligible, and no results were found for the search terms '中国和平统一' AND '以色列.'

Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There may be such organizations in Ukraine but no public info exists at this point. In general such issues are not top priority on the public agenda in 2022, given the situation.

1. http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/202005/t20200529_12278420.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita