Technology

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Indonesia plan to develop 100 smart-city in various regions of the country. one of the development is a collaboration between PT. PINS Indonesia and Huawei Tech Investments that intends to develop a smart city in Bandung

1. https://en.prnasia.com/releases/global/Innovative_ICT_to_a_Better_Connected_Smart_City_Huawei_and_PT_PINS_Indonesia_collaborate_to_develop_Smart_City_Project_in_Bandung-118806.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2022-01/vriendschap-winnen.pdf
2. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/f1-Netherlands

Supplementary Notes

A think tank report of January 2022 argues that various cities signed a smart city agreement with Huawei in 2015, in many cases to create open-access WLAN networks, but also to create automation in elderly homes and other care facilities. The report argues, however, that it is unclear to what extent these projects have been executed. The cities which signed contracts with Huawei include Den Haag, Tilburg, Groningen, Amsterdam, Amstelveen, Utrecht. Shouldn't the grading be "more than a few, but significant", since Den Haag and Amsterdam are both included?

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"In 2017, Huawei announced plans to help the Azerbaijani Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies implement a smart city project in Baku. Huawei launched the Public Wi-Fi project in Baku in March 2017 as part of the first phase of the smart city project." (see below URL 1) "According to an article published in Azertac, Huawei is involved in a 'Smart Village' project in the Aghali village of Zangilan district. Huawei is also reportedly planning to implement its AirPON solution in Aghali. AirPON can shorten fiber cable deployments from 10 kilometers to 1 kilometer, which accelerates network construction." (see below URL 2) "How Huawei contributes to digitalization in Karabakh" (see below URL 3) "Huawei will apply the latest advanced technologies in Karabakh" (see below URL 4) "China’s Huawei to build ‘Smart City’ in Baku" (see below URL 5)

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-4221
2. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-4220
3. https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/how-huawei-contributes-to-digitalization-in-karabakh
4. https://www.azerbaijan-news.az/posts/detail/huawei-en-son-qabaqcil-texnologiyalarini-qarabagda-tetbiq-edecek-1619533465
5. https://en.trend.az/business/it/2733665.html

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Barcelona is probably the most significant.

1. https://360y5.es/la-tecnologia-de-camaras-de-seguridad-de-tres-cantos-coloca-a-la-ciudad-a-la-cabeza-de-las-smart-cities-de-espana/
2. https://e.huawei.com/es/videolist/video/511299783f6d44908ccb7b2ded73a0d0
3. https://www.smartcitiesworld.net/news/news/huawei-seals-smart-city-deal-with-barcelona-4804

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Smart Cities agreements with the PRC link to Singapore.

1. https://www.imda.gov.sg/news-and-events/Media-Room/Media-Releases/2020/Singapore-China-Shenzhen-Smart-City-Initiative-Creates-New-Business-Opportunities-Through-Digital-Connectivity
2. https://opengovasia.com/singapore-china-smart-city-initiative-agree-to-accelerate-and-further-digitalisation/
3. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-china-jcbc-meeting-chongqing-heng-swee-keat-12002940

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese company Changan is building an electric car factory in Kutaisi.

1. https://thebulletin.news/newsdesk/chinese-electric-car-maker-to-open-factory-in-georgia-for-eu-exports/
2. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2019/971
3. https://www.electrive.com/2019/07/05/aigroup-changan-to-manufacture-evs-in-georgia/
4. http://www.economy.ge/?page=news&nw=1164&lang=en
5. http://hualing.ge/language/en/hualing-free-industrial-zone/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Both now and in the future, we would like to take an active part in the implementation of national projects under the state program "Digital Kazakhstan", infrastructure projects throughout the country, provision of broadband Internet access in cities and villages, implementation of platforms such as "Smart city ”, and, of course, the deployment of 5G networks in Kazakhstan. Link Increased cooperation with China since 2018, when the Kazakhstani government launched its national strategy “Digital Kazakhstan” and Smart City projects to re-shape urban areas with the help of advanced information communication technology (ICT). Additionally, in October 2019, following his first official visit to China, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev specifically instructed his Cabinet to adopt the Chinese experience of mass digitalization (Kursiv.kz, October 8, 2019). One of the agreements signed between the two parties during Tokayev’s time in Beijing was cooperation on the Tianhe-2 Supercomputer, which Kazakhstan would reportedly use to oversee all of its government cyber systems, provide computing power for its “Government for Citizens” State Corporation, as well as power Kazakhstan’s facial-recognition technologies. Link

1. https://jamestown.org/program/kazakhstan-experiments-with-surveillance-technology-to-battle-coronavirus-pandemic/
2. https://www.huawei.com/kz/news/kz/2020/huawei-news-article-intervyu-generalnogo-direktora-huawei-v-kazakhstane-kursiv-08042020

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Furthering its debt, the Tajik government spent $22 million to implement Huawei’s “safe cities” system in Dushanbe in 2013. Besides monitoring traffic, over 800 Chinese cameras are watching over public spaces such as monuments and parks. On top of this, China already owns TK mobile, one of the five telecommunication providers in Tajikistan. Link Tajikistan also has its own Safe City system, installed by the Chinese company Huawei back in 2013. In 2019, it was announced that the system would be modernized. According to the Safe City center’s deputy head Furkat Shoimardonov, its AI-powered software will now help to find wanted persons more rapidly. Link On August 19, 2020, the Innovation and Technology Park opened its doors in Tajikistan. The ceremony was attended by the President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon, who initiated and supported this project. "Smart Park" is located in the high-mountainous Darvaz region, which is figuratively called the "golden gate" of the Pamirs. In ancient times, this area served as one of the important crossroads of the southern branch of the Great Silk Road. But the main feature of the park is that during its creation the richest experience of China in creating technology parks, which became the conductors and locomotives of the "Chinese economic miracle", was widely used. Several enterprises are concentrated in Darvaz Park, equipped with the most modern equipment with the Made in China label. Source: Link

1. https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/smart-cities-or-surveillance-huawei-in-central-asia/
2. https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
3. http://russian.people.com.cn/n3/2020/0820/c95181-9736743.html

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0306422019876445

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-china/kenya-secures-666-million-from-china-for-tech-city-highway-idUSKCN1S21KG
2. https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/huawei-build-konza-data-center-and-smart-city-kenya-chinese-concessional-loan/

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.lightreading.com/huawei-wins-nigeria-deal/d/d-id/612434
2. https://www.itsinternational.com/news/chinese-companies-invest-nigerian-smart-city

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, it was agreed upon in 2014, but there's been no further building of it.

1. https://businesstech.co.za/news/property/297422/heres-what-happened-to-south-africas-r84-billion-smart-city/
2. https://www.capetownetc.com/news/new-smart-cities-planned-for-south-africa-worth-the-billions/

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Smart cities encompass video surveillance systems, in addition to many other elements dependent on IoT, 5G and artificial intelligence structures. It should also be noted that Brazil is still in the process of approving a notice for the 5G auctions. The issue of smart cities, which is quite comprehensive, is on the horizon, but still does not appear on the agenda with prominence on the national scene. Objectively, we consider the previous indicator to answer this one, since video surveillance systems make up smart cities systems. Still, evidence was sought that focused on other elements of smart cities. Thus, we return to reference the examples of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Campinas and the state of Bahia that used Huawei's facial recognition cameras. Thus, partnerships for video surveillance systems are considered as a smart cities system. It is also noteworthy that representatives of the state of Bahia and the city of Campinas attended the Smart City Forum, held in the Chinese city of Shenzhen in 2019. As there are 3 large cities, we chose the answer "Few, but significant".

1. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/tec/2018/10/chinesa-huawei-faz-parceria-com-oi-para-cameras-de-reconhecimento-facial.shtml
2. https://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/noticias-integra.php?id=35659
3. http://www.ssp.ba.gov.br/2019/05/5695/Bahia-apresenta-resultado-do-Reconhecimento-Facial-na-China.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Uruguayan officials show interest on the topic, but no decisions were taken yet to establish Chinese smart city systems.

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/29/c_137145165.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2020-04/China_Smart_Cities_Development.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ifsec.events/philippines/visit/news-and-updates/itemized-list-ph-projects-covered-chinas-15-b-investment-pledges-duterte
2. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/673441/sdwp-071-smart-city-pathways-developing-asia.pdf
3. http://www.peza.gov.ph/index.php/press-release/171-peza-to-celebrate-26th-anniversary-with-state-of-peza-address-to-build-partnerships-with-bsp-and-banks-for-credit-facilities-for-ecozones

Supplementary Notes

There are cities who signed contracts with PRC related entities to established smart city systems. They were mostly registered with BCDA and PEZA, both a government owned controlled corporations.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

…The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) smart city initiative is likely to be the second development project involving collaboration with China and Japan, following the high-speed rail network linking the three main airports of Don Mueang, Suvarnabhumi and U-tapao. (Link) Current status needs to be checkedSmart cities and digital innovation with help from China …The agreement covers support for a range of innovations from digital parks, smart cities and the Internet of Things to local tech start-ups and national broadband infrastructure. Phuket, Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen have been identified as the first places to launch smart city initiatives while a digital park will be built in Sri Racha, in Chonburi province. (Link) [Second respondent] Shenzhen’s municipal government recently signed a memorandum of understanding with Thailand’s Digital Economy and Society Ministry to enhance Thailand’s digital economy. The agreement covers support for a range of innovations from digital parks, smart cities and the Internet of Things to local tech start-ups and national broadband infrastructure. Phuket, Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen have been identified as the first places to launch smart city initiatives while a digital park will be built in Sri Racha, in Chonburi province. Link

1. https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1673272/china-japan-to-join-eec-smart-city-plan
2. https://www.nationthailand.com/perspective/30319095
3. https://www.nationthailand.com/perspective/30319095

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

E.g. Duisburg in North-Rhine Westphalia.

1. https://www.handelsblatt.com/technik/digitale-revolution/ada-magazin-wie-sehr-kann-eine-stadt-dem-konzern-huawei-trauen/25592874.html?ticket=ST-25524-v0GyOlbykbLck00y0fWp-ap2

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow and Yu-Fen Lai, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Provided links show that in 2018 a Memorandum of Understanding between the City of Sarajevo and Huawei Technologies d.o.o. was signed by (now former) Sarajevo Mayor, Abdulah Skaka, and Huawei Technologies Director, Chen Chen. This joint statement defined the building of a smart and safe city. Even though these links are old, there has been no further data on this topic, so the activities defined by that Memorandum are presumably still ongoing. Link (pg. 7, light-blue box)

1. https://ba.n1info.com/vijesti/a296093-zavrsen-treci-forum-inovacija-sarajevo-unlimited/
2. http://vijeceministara.gov.ba/home_right_docs/default.aspx?id=29765&langTag=bs-BA

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"A January 2019 media report said Huawei signed an MoU with Talaat Mostafa Group (TMG) Holding, in which Huawei agreed to provide smart solutions in the security and privacy field. It said the agreement would 'aim to bring about the digital transformation of living in Egypt and the Middle East to Egypt and the Middle East.' The report added that 'the deal includes the application of techniques like artificial intelligence, learning machines, and the internet of things (IoT) to develop smart cities in line with the latest international standards." Link

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-361

Supplementary Notes

2019 - “Egyptian Minister of Higher Education Khaled Abdel-Ghaffar on Friday met with Huawei Egypt CEO Vincent Sun, and his accompanying delegation in Cairo to discuss Egypt’s transition towards smart universities.” Link

1. https://egyptindependent.com/egypt-in-talks-with-huawei-for-smart-university-transition/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/pametni-gradovi-srbije-po-kineskim-standardima/31096262.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There had been initial talk of Huawei handling this project but was eventually handed over to Celtell, who has announced it will be using both Chinese and American technology

1. https://nita.gov.gh/whale-cloud-and-alibaba-partner-ghana-on-innovative-city-development/
2. https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-technology/wireless-networks/12627-ghana-s-celltel-gets-the-go-ahead-for-major-wi-fi-project.html
3. https://quarmecaptain.com/ama-taking-steps-to-make-accra-smart-city/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://bbj.hu/business/industry/deals/itm-huawei-sign-mou-on-long-term-cooperation

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As the report "Smart Cities or Surveillance? Huawei in Central Asia" says.

1. https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/smart-cities-or-surveillance-huawei-in-central-asia/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://bit.ly/3O1wKW9
2. https://bit.ly/3thsb1K

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-749

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://bit.ly/3NL5kni
2. https://bit.ly/3x0ng7T

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.city.kharkov.ua/ru/news/kharkiv-spilno-z-kompanieyu-huawei-rozrobit-kontseptsiyu-rozumnogo-mista-42091.html

Supplementary Notes

Kharkiv City Council and Huawei signed and memorandum on "Smart City" for Kharkiv

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, true for major cities.

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-08/26/c_1310151002.htm
2. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-354
3. https://cpec.gov.pk/project-details/63
4. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-4183
5. https://beaconinvestment.org/capital-smart-city/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Alibaba Cloud Launches Malaysia City Brain to Enhance City Management Link Malaysia’s capital will adopt ‘smart city’ platform from Alibaba Link

1. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180128005084/en/Alibaba-Cloud-Launches-Malaysia-City-Brain-to-Enhance-City-Management
2. https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/29/malaysia-alibaba-city-brain/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

TECHNOLOGIES OF “SMART CITY” IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN- Link On June 21, Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Development of Information Technologies and Communications and China’s CITIC Group and Henan Costar Group signed an agreement on the implementation of Uzbekistan’s “Safe City” project. The project will take Uzbekistan’s surveillance capabilities to a new level and have long-term implications. The announced investment is a part of a $1 billion agreement President Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed during his trip to China in late April to participate in the second Belt and Road Forum. Tashkent entered into an agreement with Huawei and CITIC Guoan Information Technology to develop Uzbekistan’s digital infrastructure by way of the “Safe City” and “Smart City” projects. - Link

1. https://ejmcm.com/article_3752_49278cf27a90b7d3bb3b6a89c01e9489.pdf
2. https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/china-dominates-digital-infrastructure-in-uzbekistan/

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the website "Mapping China’s Tech Giants", there exist 36 projects in Belgium. An expert interview confirms these activities (see below URL1).

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/homepage/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ipresslive.it/comunicates/26432/smart-city-for-intelligent-life-accordo-tra-huawei-e-lassociazione-italia-startup
2. https://e.huawei.com/it/material/local/fec7bd5bf6c5431aba9137c986318197
3. https://www.snewsonline.com/smart-city-nel-pnrr-10-miliardi-28-comuni-italiani-ha-almeno-un-progetto/

Supplementary Notes

It seems impossible to identify precisely which provider offered what to a certain city, but one of the largest players in the field is Politecnico di Milano, which has a long-standing partnership with Huawei. The mitigating factor here is the government's strong impetus to control for the provision of technology through PRC-connected entities

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the Program of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic "Zhagy Doorgo Kyrk Kadam", the implementation of the "Smart City" project is envisaged for 2-3 years in the cities of Bishkek and Osh. Considering that the implementation of the Smart City project is planned according to the BOT (Build - Operate - Transfer) model, the concessionaire carries out construction and operation (mainly on the basis of ownership) for a specified period, after which the object transferred to the state, work is underway to study the proposals of interested companies and investors.

1. http://www.ict.gov.kg/index.php?r=site%2Fproject&cid=18&pid=46

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese tech giant Huawei, increasingly subject to Western sanctions, is in talks with the Armenian government to install a controversial Smart City system. China will finance the construction of a new “Smart Science City” in Armenia. An agreement to that end was signed on August 6 by the Academy of Technologies of China, the China Technical Development Company and the Reconstruction and Development of Agency of Armenia ADKARS. In 2017, Huawei signed an agreement to develop a “Smart City” project in Yerevan, Armenia; negotiations were supposedly still ongoing in early 2019

1. https://russian.eurasianet.org/%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%BE%D0%B1-%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F
2. https://www.worldconstructiontoday.com/news/china-to-invest-up-to-15bn-to-build-smart-city-in-armenia/
3. https://gop-foreignaffairs.house.gov/china-regional-snapshot-eastern-europe-the-south-caucasus/

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://keurcity.com/smart-city-senegal/

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is one such pilot in the country, in a small city outside of Bogota. The pilot started in 2018, and no new reports have emerged since, nor any new pilots in other cities.

1. http://chia-cundinamarca.gov.co/index.php/2899-chia-da-el-primer-paso-para-convertirse-en-una-ciudad-inteligente-y-segura

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While Bournemouth council in Dorset appeared to be close to signing a deal with Alibaba to provide ‘smart services’, this was cancelled at the last minute over surveillance fears. UK councils were later issued guidance to avoid overseas smart technology suppliers, and analysts estimate that there are only a handful of risky smart city contracts in the UK. In the same vein, the UK has also attempted to export its own smart city infrastructure to the PRC.

1. https://www.ft.com/content/46d35d62-0307-41d8-96a8-de9b52bf0ec3
2. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-offers-to-build-smart-future-cities-together-with-china-at-china-smart-cities-international-expo

Answered by Hannah Bailey, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although India attracted Chinese investors in its“smart city" systems, It is largely insignificant with PRCs image constantly dropping among India's governing bodies and restrictions being applied.

1. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/smart-city-state-inks-rs19k-cr-agreement-with-china/
2. https://zeenews.india.com/economy/indias-smart-cities-attract-chinese-investors-experts-caution-about-risk-factors-2155613.html

Supplementary Notes

The 100 smart cities is a Government of India initiative and initially, there was a lot of investments from China, however the restrictions outlined in the two supporting evidence has reduced the impact as well as investments. MOU, pledging investment worth Rs 19000 crore to build a new smart city in Gujarat, was signed between Gujarat government and China Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Limited (CSMEI) on May 17, 2015 of Chief Minister Anandiben Patel’s tour of China.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Tenzin Dalha

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with local government officials established that some cities and towns have signed agreement with PRC-connected entities to establish smart city systems.

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-4130

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a road towards China-sponsored smart cities. For now there are building blocks toward it, such as the Smart Zambia Initiative

1. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-01-10/china-s-digital-silk-road-is-looking-more-like-an-iron-curtain#xj4y7vzkg
2. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/data

Supplementary Notes

Huawei is part of the Smart Zambia initiative, initiated during the presidency of Edgar Lungu. Link

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/data/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not yet but many cities are tempted and try to get around the French legislation's limitations. (see below URL 1) See below URL 2 on data privacy and SmartCity in French legislation

1. https://www.lesnumeriques.com/vie-du-net/smart-cities-la-strategie-de-huawei-pour-connecter-nos-villes-de-demain-a157061.html
2. https://journals.openedition.org/revdh/14244

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The plans for Chinese-supported development of smart cities in Bulgaria tend to remain on the level of pledges. For instance, in 2017, there was a pledge linked to the development of a large-scale smart city, Saint Sophia, near Sofia, involving the construction of a tourist and entertainment center. The total amount of investment was planned to reach €750 million. Also, more recently, in 2021, the municipality of Ruse started negotiations for the development of a smart city with Chinese technology.

1. https://www.mediapool.bg/kitai-shte-stroi-krai-sofiya-parviya-umen-grad-v-evropa-news267548.html
2. https://www.dunavmost.com/novini/kitai-shte-pomaga-na-ruse-da-izgradi-umen-grad

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The state of Carinthia has in the context with its partnership with ZTE installed smart lighting devices in the commune of Pörtschach am Wörthersee.

1. https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20181031_OTS0017/zte-austria-und-land-kaernten-vertiefen-partnerschaft-im-bereich-5g

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.zf.ro/business-hi-tech/grupul-telekom-lansat-impreuna-chinezii-zte-proiect-smart-city-constanta-primarul-decebal-fagadau-intai-facem-teste-anul-viitor-ne-pregatim-strategia-smart-city-apoi-vom-face-achizitii-16473750
2. https://www.mediafax.ro/social/foto-statie-de-incarcare-pentru-masini-electrice-pe-domeniul-public-din-timisoara-16279287
3. https://adevarul.ro/locale/pitesti/smart-city-tehnologie-chineza-mioveni-economie-energie-urma-aduca-implementarea-proiectului-1_5cd51764445219c57e753e6b/index.html

Supplementary Notes

Most of the projects implemented with equipment from PRC companies have been small pilot projects. The two PRC companies involved in Romania in smart city projects are Huawei and ZTE. Some of the partnerships have been directly with local authorities, while in others, they only provided equipment or cooperated with telecom providers that coordinated the project and which worked with the local authorities. According to a 2020 analysis, ZTE withdrew from the smart city market in Romania, while Huawei has 6 projects in the country.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-385

Supplementary Notes

The China Tech Map lists Huawei as having a Smart City presence in Moldova, but we could not find any further details

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

All 22 cities and counties in Taiwan have developed their own smart city systems. However, there is no China-related cooperation or procurement.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Pellaeon Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence on PRC-connected entities and smart city system in Bolivia.

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

New directions in the deepening Chinese-Argentine engagement (reference 1). According to the reference, "Argentina is a focus of Chinese attempts to export its “smart cities” and surveillance system technologies to Latin America." But altough there is interest from both parts in advancing this, there are still no contracts signed to develop smart cities systems.

1. https://theglobalamericans.org/2021/02/new-directions-in-the-deepening-chinese-argentine-engagement/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/py_es/post/15251.html

Supplementary Notes

There are no reports on this. Although municipalities and governorates have a certain level of autonomy, it would be very strange for them to be related to a country with which the central government has no formal relation. There is evidence of the relationship of organisations linked to Taiwan with sub-national governments.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Even though there is interest in developing smart cities in Chile, there isn’t any contracts with PRC entities regarding the topic. There are only direct projects for enhancing electromobility or security.

1. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/176775/Urban%20Studies_Placebo_PDF_Proof.PDF?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
2. http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/2021-01/20/c_139681917.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

No hay evidencia de esto para el caso de México

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence, therefore we support our answer. It should be mention that Peru was negotiating to install Smart Cities with South Korea government, however due to the pandemic, this project was stopped.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

the central government has signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart surveillance” systems, but no city has done so independently.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found. But, South Korea is very eager to invest in Chinese smart cities and there have been South Korean government efforts to export “K-smart city” systems to China.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

The following shows that, while cities are not signing contracts with PRC for smart cities, the Japanese government has. In that sense, the 0 above does not mean the absence of worry. The fear can be understood as more substantial. Link Link

1. https://www.nhk.or.jp/politics/articles/statement/22158.html
2. https://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/toshi02_hh_000060.html

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No municipal authorities have signed contracts directly with PRC companies, but some large private companies have used Chinese technology to build their “smart city” systems.

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• Asean-Japan Smart City Network seems to be active in Cambodia to develop three cities (Phnom Penh, Siem Reap town and Battambang town) as Smart City. No supporting evidence found re PRC engagements/contracts etc. Link

1. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/government-approves-japanese-smartcity-initiative-principle

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence available.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No significant agreements within the period covered by this report are known to author. However, it should be noted that in June 2021 Huawei signed agreement on implementation of smart city solution with the town of Serock.

1. https://www.serock.pl/4069,2021-rok?tresc=25524

Supplementary Notes

The original response: „No significant agreements within the period covered by this report are known to author. There fore answer is 0. other values also remain unchanged. However it should be noted that in June 2021 Huawei signed agreement on implementation of smart city solution with the small city Serock. Link provided” 1. The period covered in replies was Jan 2020 -March 2021. The agreement between Serock and Huawei was signed in June 2021. Serock is small city and the deal is largely insignificant. Changing the answer to yes would distort the overall image of the situation while compared with other countries where Huawei is active in large scale smart city projects. In 0 – 4 matrix the answer would be 1. However to preserve the consistency with the findings and grading by other experts covering other countries the same methodology allowing the substitution of grading based on evidence for 2019 or 2019 and 2018.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Such occasion has not occurred yet.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“Latvia has begun to develop its Smart City strategy since 2018, building an ecosystem between the industry, the government, municipalities and academia.he Smart City ecosystem is a framework that is predominantly composed of ICT and Smart energy to develop, deploy and promote sustainable development practices to address growing urbanization challenges. Smart City looks across every aspect of a city’s operations to use technology to improve outcomes and boost citizen well-being.” Link. Connections to PRC is not indicated.

1. https://investinlatvia.org/en/key-sectors/sectors/smart-city#:~:text=Valmiera%20was%20the%20first%20municipality,and%20a%20digital%20information%20stand

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Information source with Banjul City Council and the Ministry of regional governments suggests there is no such partnership in the Gambia. However, the weblink suggests that while the capital city of Banjul has launched a smart city initiative, it was in partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

1. https://www.undp.org/gambia/blog/banjul-city-council-leads-way-municipalities-go-digital

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No - only with Taiwan. (see below URLs)

1. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4393193
2. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/f1-Slovakia
3. https://clustercollaboration.eu/content/slovak-smart-city-cluster

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no smart city in existence in Bangladesh. However, in recent months, four state owned companies from China have proposed building a metro rail line in Chattogram and reclaiming land from the sea to build a 60-square km "smart city" in exchange for a share of the latter. The fate of the proposal is unknown at the moment.

1. https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/transport/news/chinese-proposal-ctg-metro-rail-return-stake-smart-city-2968136
2. https://opengovasia.com/china-proposes-to-build-a-smart-city-in-bangladesh/
3. https://bangladeshpost.net/posts/china-keen-to-build-smart-city-on-chittagong-coast-80244

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Salo city seems to have some partnership on smart city with Huawei but not much recent info

1. http://www.ceatec.org.cn/contents/452/3273.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

While there is evidence that a Chinese company and a Greek University have signed an MoU on developing smart city technologies, there is nothing to suggest that these MoUs have actually been implemented, let alone that contracts between Greek cities and PRC entities have been signed to set up smart cities.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

The capital Skopje is working on the project “Skopje Smart City” but it is not known whether some of the equipment will be purchased from Chinese companies as the procedures are still ongoing. In general data on public procurements are scarce on this particular topic of origin of the equipment.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No smart city agreement signed with the PRC. Afghanistan is behind in basic infrastructure thus no at a stage to have smart city.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No pdirect evidence found.

1. https://eng.belta.by/society/view/belarus-china-to-cooperate-in-smart-grid-technology-112665-2018

Supplementary Notes

In 2015, Minsk was hoping to attract Chinese investments to a “smart city” project in the Belarusian capital, but in 2021 it became obvious that the United Arab Emirates-based Emaar Properties company, rather than Chinese corporations, would build a €4 billion complex: Link

1. https://globalcomment.com/what-is-chinas-agenda-in-belarus/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

We have checked the available public information on smart cities, which turns up no evidence of PRC-entity involvement, but it seems likely that such involvement exists nevertheless.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.