Technology

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A major local provider of the “Sergek” surveillance systems undergirding these developments is Korkem Telecom, which partners with the Chinese company Zhejiang Dahua Technology (浙江大华技术, Zhejiang Dahua jishu). The aforementioned Hikvision has also maintained direct sales offices in Kazakhstan since 2015, although according to its 2020 Annual Report the company has invested relatively little in developing its subsidiary business there (Hikvision, accessed May 4). Although Kazakhstan’s opaque government does not readily provide details about the sources of procurement for its new surveillance systems, media reports assert that Kazakhstan’s video surveillance systems mainly use Chinese products (Central.asia-news.com, December 11, 2019). As in other countries, the pace of adopting smart technologies for public health surveillance was also sped up during the coronavirus pandemic. Link In recent years, facial recognition, biometric-identification, artificial intelligence (AI) and video surveillance technologies have been rapidly emerging domestically, including in close cooperation with several Chinese companies, such as Hikvision and Dahua Technology. Link

1. https://jamestown.org/program/kazakhstan-experiments-with-surveillance-technology-to-battle-coronavirus-pandemic/
2. https://jamestown.org/program/tracking-the-digital-component-of-the-bri-in-central-asia-part-two-developments-in-kazakhstan/

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Emerging biometric technologies have become ubiquitous across many parts of Africa, including facial recognition technologies in Zimbabwe, Uganda and South Africa. They’re used to help combat identity theft, fraud and other threats, including terrorism. Much of the technology is being developed by the private sector as well as Chinese state entities as part of the drive to develop ‘smart cities’ across Africa.

1. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/future-of-facial-recognition-technology-in-africa

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PRC-connected entities cooperates with local and national government in Bolivia to implement the surveillance project BOL-110 Integrated System for Citizen Security.

1. https://lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20171031/gobierno-entrega-policia-equipos-chinos-seguridad-ciudadana
2. https://dialogo-americas.com/articles/china-exports-citizen-control-model-to-bolivia/

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/venezuela-zte-es/
2. https://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2020/11/30/como-opera-ceiec-la-empresa-estatal-china-que-ayuda-a-la-dictadura-de-nicolas-maduro-a-censurar-medios-digitales/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Over half of local councils in London were found to be using PRC-made surveillance equipment. At least 28 councils were using video surveillance technologies made by Hikvision, the vendor to the Xinjiang police. Seven councils used technology from the PRC’s second largest surveillance equipment company, Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co Ltd. This equipment is used in the UK to monitor public spaces.

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-tech-china-idUSKBN2AI0QJ

Answered by Hannah Bailey, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Due to lack of proper Data protection laws in India, it is still adopting data collection equipment such as HikVision CCTVs. In 2019 Central government think tank criticized the local administration in Delhi for hiring the Indian arm of Chinese firm Hikvision to set up 150,000 CCTVs, saying the move could spur illegal hacking and data leaks to the Chinese government. Hikvision had presented itself as a significant Make in India partner at the 2018 IFSEC Conference — South Asia’s largest security conference — held in New Delhi. As per the 2018 annual report, the company made “major project breakthroughs in India”. It is also listed as a vendor by Bharat Electronics (BEL), which works on highly sensitive and classified defence projects for the government of India.

1. https://www.biometricupdate.com/202106/chinese-facial-recognition-deployments-in-india-europe-prompt-warnings
2. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-is-planning-a-huge-china-style-facial-recognition-program/articleshow/71213132.cms?from=mdr
3. https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/installation-of-1-4-lakh-chinese-cctv-cameras-by-delhi-govt-sparks-row-1696032-2020-07-02

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Tenzin Dalha

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Fiber Optic Project under CPEC; not enough information available on data collection, voice and facial recognition cooperation.

1. http://cpec.gov.pk/map-single/3
2. https://www.nation.com.pk/29-May-2022/pakistan-s-first-ai-lab-nears-completion-under-cpec

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

When the Taiwanese government reviewing the bids on information, communication and technology, would avoid the Chinese suppliers or technologies. However, the supplier might violate the contract or unintentionally allowing the Chinese companies get involved with the public bid due to the nature of frequent exchange between Taiwan and China in technology industry. In 2017, the supplier which won the bid of biometric technology related facilities of the immigration, has implemented the Chinese-made devices in the immigration. And it is said that the hardware and firmware of the devices were manufactured by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, which used to be the No.5 Research Academy of Ministry of Defense, China. In the conference "National ID Card & Personal Identification in the Digital Era" in July 2020 in Academia Sinica, Wu Jieh-min, the research fellow of Institute of Sociology, pointed out that in the bid of the system to roll out and maintain the eID was won by Chunghwa Telecom. However, International Integrated Systems, Inc., the company that Chunghwa reinvested, has record of national security concerns as they outsourced the software of the new residency system to Chinese corporations. Also, IISI undertook contracts of information technology projects in China from 2011 to 2019. Its subsidiary company Unitronic Technology also receives contracts on financial security in multiple banks in China. There was also institutions purchasing gene sequencing devices with BGI. And BGI was revealed to have close relationship with People's Liberation Army in China, and they even send the data of their Taiwanese customers to China National GeneBank.

1. https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/paper/1159236
2. https://musou.watchout.tw/read/QmS1kptdMXpAUnEIicIE
3. http://www.newcllab.tw/news_view-5
4. https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/health-china-bgi-dna/

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Pellaeon Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There seems to be some cooperation, from sporadic news reporting. However, this seems to be tied to key data systems in Singapore. Hikvision facial recognition devices used at Singapore Changi Airport (see attachments).

1. https://opengovasia.com/singapore-and-nanjing-deepen-collaboration-on-ai-and-sustainable-urban-solutions/
2. https://opengovasia.com/singapore-and-nanjing-deepen-collaboration-on-ai-and-sustainable-urban-solutions/
3. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-chongqing-deepen-cooperation-with-chinas-first-dedicated-international-data-link
4. http://global.gsafety.com/list/post/34251/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The equipment provided by the Nuctech Company LTD included the applications involving biometrics Link

1. https://civicidea.ge/en/civic-ideas-6th-china-watch-report-nuctech-company-ltd-in-georgia/

Supplementary Notes

Nuctech Company Ltd. uses facial recognition technology to enroll the passenger information and binding with the luggage scanning image. Link

1. http://www.nuctech.com/en/SitePages/ThDetailPage.aspx?nk=PAS&k=IABBAG

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

the Kyrgyz government agreed with China National Electronics Import & Export Corporation (CEIEC) to install a program for identifying individuals or groups of people. Another Chinese company, Shenzhen Sunwin Intelligent, is working on the second stage of Kyrgyzstan’s Safe City project, which entails the installation of new cameras both in the capital Bishkek and across the entire country.

1. https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/chinas-ai-deployment-in-africa-poses-risks-to-security-and-sovereignty/

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Pilot projects were found among some city halls for the deployment of Huawei's facial recognition cameras. As the question talks about collaboration, we considered the experimental projects of the municipality of Campinas and the Public Security Department of Bahia. We believe this is significant because, as highlighted in the comment on Domestic Politics indicator 11, the State of Rio de Janeiro and Ceará have already mobilized to acquire video surveillance equipment from Chinese companies. There is an expectation that these pilot projects in Brazil will move towards the effective implementation of these technologies, especially for public security issues.

1. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/tec/2018/10/chinesa-huawei-faz-parceria-com-oi-para-cameras-de-reconhecimento-facial.shtml
2. https://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/noticias-integra.php?id=35659
3. http://www.ssp.ba.gov.br/2019/05/5695/Bahia-apresenta-resultado-do-Reconhecimento-Facial-na-China.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1127882

Supplementary Notes

There are twelve projects are under implementation, in which the Philippine-Sino Center for Agricultural Technology-Technical Cooperation Program Phase III, two China-aid bridges project over the Pasig River and the Chico River Pump Irrigation Project is expected to be completed by the end of 2021. On the other hand, very few articles mentioned government collaboration with China such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardware.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• Global Initiative on Data Security…approach data security with an objective and rational attitude, and maintain an open, secure and stable global supply chain. Second, oppose using ICT activities to impair other States’ critical infrastructure or steal important data. Third, take actions to prevent and put an end to activities that infringe upon personal information, oppose abusing ICT to conduct mass surveillance against other States or engage in unauthorized collection of personal information of other States. Fourth, ask companies to respect the laws of host countries, desist from coercing domestic companies … • This support definitely pose a risk of sharing personal data and surveillance info from Cambodia • … China has also given Hun Sen’s regime the security and surveillance tools needed to bolster its hold on power. China’s Ministry of Public Security (MPS) has donated $3 million in closed-circuit-television (CCTV) cameras to the Phnom Penh municipal government, facilitating the CPP’s increased control of Cambodia’s main urban center. In May 2018, Cambodian Interior Minister Sar Kheng and China’s Minister of Public Security Zhao Kezhi signed a memorandum of understanding on “fighting terrorism and cybercrimes,” including a donation of body armor, riot shields, repeater systems and walkie-talkies… Link

1. https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf
2. https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/chinas-bid-to-write-the-global-rules-on-data-security/

Supplementary Notes

Its assumed that Cambodia appreciates and supports the Global Initiative on Data Security proposed by China, and will continue to cooperate with China in international affairs, and jointly maintain common interests, and safeguard regional and global peace and stability. This was the statement by the Foreign Affairs Minister Prak Sokhonn. Link

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1823796.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

…In Malaysia, the government is working with Yitu, a Chinese AI start-up, to bring facial-recognition technology to Kuala Lumpur’s police as a complement to Alibaba’s City Brain platform. Chinese companies also bid to outfit every one of Singapore’s 110,000 lampposts with facial-recognition cameras… Link China’s SenseTime to help build $1bn AI park in Malaysia Link This Chinese facial recognition start-up can identify a person in seconds Link

1. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/09/china-ai-surveillance/614197/
2. https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/chinas-sensetime-help-build-1bn-ai-park-malaysia/
3. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/16/this-chinese-facial-recognition-start-up-can-id-a-person-in-seconds.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

First three links show that local governments have adopted hardwares involving biometrics achieved by AI, whilst fourth link proves donation by PRC government of such hardware to Border Police. That donation has been made in 2019. Additionally, Republika Srpska Ministry of Interior received an acknowledgement for its surveillance project from Dahua Technology. Social media posts by Dahua Technology Bosna i Hercegovina serve as another proof that Republika Srpska Ministry of Interiors surveillance project used Dahuas’ products/services. Link (pg. 17)

1. http://www.centar.ba/novost/16356/opcina-centar-nabavila-termalne-kamere-za-zdravstvene-ustanove
2. http://msb.gov.ba/vijesti/najave/default.aspx?id=18958&langTag=bs-BA
3. https://avaz.ba/kantoni/sarajevo/563053/opcina-centar-donirala-granicnoj-policiji-bih-termalne-kamere
4. http://www.granpol.gov.ba/data/documents/pdf/Brosura%20za%202019.godinu.pdf
5. https://mup.vladars.net/lat/index.php?vijest=22871&vrsta=saopstenja
6. https://www.facebook.com/dahuatechnologybosnaihercegovina/posts/992464518160755

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“To secure effective security and management for its fleet of public service buses, the Suez Governorate in Egypt is now operating innovative mobile CCTV systems, supplied by Hikvision, the world’s leading supplier of innovative video surveillance products and solutions.” Link The Chinese firm Hikvision is already providing CCTV cameras for buses in Egypt’s Suez governorate Link 2019 - "Egyptian Minister of Higher Education Khaled Abdel-Ghaffar on Friday met with Huawei Egypt CEO Vincent Sun... The meeting also discussed cooperation within communication and information technology fields and benefiting from Chinese expertise in Artificial Intelligence (AI)." Link “Hikvision supplies CCTV systems for the Suez Governorate in Egypt through Caesar Security Services, which is a Hikvision Silver Value Added Solutions Partner. In the first phase of the project, Hikvision surveillance products were installed on 15 buses. As of June 2018, the second phase planned to install the same Hikvision mobile CCTV system on 50 more buses and a Hikvision LCD video wall at the Suez Governorate central control room. The surveillance system allows for local recording and remote viewing.” Link

1. https://www.hikvision.com/en/newsroom/success-stories/traffic/hikvision-enhances-suez-governorate-s-bus-fleet-operation/
2. https://www.power3point0.org/2020/02/20/egypt-and-chinas-telecoms-a-concerning-courtship/
3. https://egyptindependent.com/egypt-in-talks-with-huawei-for-smart-university-transition/
4. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2401

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.voanews.com/a/security-scanners-across-europe-tied-to-china-government-military/6404710.html
2. https://www.airporthaber.com/havacilik-haberleri/iga-xray-cihazlari-icin-anlasma-imzaladi.html

Supplementary Notes

Recently, Chinese private security service and technology companies entered the Turkish market eyeing large tenders. Especially, Nuchtech’s scanners, x-ray devices and camera systems are reportedly being used in Turkish airports and ports.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://balkaninsight.com/2021/12/28/serbias-personal-data-commissioner-huawei-cameras-a-dangerous-decision/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Though very clear, the interest and intention for such an exchange is not evident

1. https://thebftonline.com/2021/07/28/preparing-tomorrows-workforce-for-a-w-i-s-e-r-ghana-an-interview-with-tommy-zhou-managing-director-huawei-ghana/
2. https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/huawei-ready-for-partnership-to-connect-ghanaian-households-with-broadband-internet-jenny-zhou/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Under the 'Digital Sylhet City' project, around 110 Face Recognition and Automatic Number-plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras have been installed in different points of the city. Additionally free Wi-Fi zones were created at 62 locations in Sylhet with a total of 126 access points. China's Huawei Technologies Co Ltd provided the tracking system solutions and the devices required for this project.

1. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/China-tech/China-exports-AI-surveillance-tech-to-over-60-countries-report
2. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-1626
3. https://archive.ph/zpSQt
4. https://archive.ph/HLaV1
5. https://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/2019/07/29/high-tech-security-cameras-installed-in-sylhet

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As the report "Smart Cities or Surveillance? Huawei in Central Asia" says.

1. https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/smart-cities-or-surveillance-huawei-in-central-asia/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://bit.ly/3thsb1K

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-749
2. https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/JIPA/journals/Volume-01_Issue-1/07-F-Ellis.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I would say the case of the city of Tres Cantos in the outskirts of Madrid is significant but also seems to be quite an isolated case.

1. https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/09/17/global-expansion-of-ai-surveillance-pub-79847
2. https://360y5.es/la-tecnologia-de-camaras-de-seguridad-de-tres-cantos-coloca-a-la-ciudad-a-la-cabeza-de-las-smart-cities-de-espana/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2017, for example, representatives of the Bulgarian government, including those responsible for e-government, supported the establishment of a strategic partnership between Huawei and Vivacom (one of the largest Bulgarian telecommunication providers) to provide cloud technologies for the Bulgarian government and business.

1. https://www.vivacom.bg/bg/residential/za-nas/novini/finansi?read=vivacom-i-huawei-sys-strategichesko-partniorstvo-za-razvitieto-na-oblachnite-tehnologii-v-polza-na-bylgarskija-biznes-i-pravitelstvo

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOv-2Z_FO7w

Supplementary Notes

During the pandemic, some institutions used Hikvisions thermal scanning video surveillance systems

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/e8dxl
2. https://archive.ph/wip/fzqpk

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/h4S1Z

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2017, Huawei signed an agreement to develop a “Smart City” project in Yerevan, Armenia; negotiations were supposedly still ongoing in early 2019. «Jiangsu GeFan Technology Trade Co., Ltd.»

1. https://gop-foreignaffairs.house.gov/china-regional-snapshot-eastern-europe-the-south-caucasus/
2. http://chinaarmenia.am/en/partners/66/

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As for Chinese companies, both Huawei and ZTE have had significant activities in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Taking into account the case of Huawei in Iran, briefly described at the beginning of this document, it is highly likely that these companies were also selling dual-use technologies in this region. However, we were unable to locate any public or confidential sources that provide conclusive evidence of a link between these companies and interception technologies in the region. Source: Link Tajikistan’s government announced a new identification system that requires phone users to provide fingerprints and privacy-invasive medical information in order to purchase SIM cards, according to Eurasianet. Huawei, which is reportedly working closely with the government to develop this system, has so far offered no information on where the data will be stored. Link

1. https://www.accessnow.org/cms/assets/uploads/archive/docs/Commonwealth_of_Surveillance_States_RUS_1.pdf
2. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/15/huawei-xinjiang-kazakhstan-uzbekistan-china-surveillance-state-eyes-central-asia/

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Jordan's House of Parliament has had its surveillance cameras replaced with a Hikvision CCTV surveillance system. The new Hikvision system includes more than 100 cameras monitor all parts of the house and its grounds. Link

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2988

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“Dahua Technologies has decided to donate two sets of body temperature imaging devices valued at $27,000 to the Lebanese side to solve problems such as equipment and manpower shortages. After the devices arrived in Beirut on March 10, the company's employees installed, tested and operated the devices for two consecutive days and put them into service on March 12. The devices were developed by the company during Chinese New Year. These devices have the ability to measure several people at once, quickly pass passengers and maintain a safe distance of 2-3 meters, and measure temperatures with high accuracy by over or minus 0.3 Celsius, effectively reducing the risk of infection to employees. The donation is the embodiment of the company's fulfillment of its community responsibility, the company stated.” Link “In 2020, two sets of thermal body temperature monitoring equipment were donated to the Lebanese Government for installation in the Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport.” Link

1. https://www.facebook.com/108776244023965/posts/128485458719710/
2. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2896

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In experiment by a few local governments. (see below URLs)

1. https://www.lesnumeriques.com/vie-du-net/la-quadrature-du-net-s-attaque-a-la-technopolice-outil-ultime-de-surveillance-de-la-population-n141909.html
2. https://www.journaldunet.com/ebusiness/internet-mobile/1490309-pour-prevenir-du-coronavirus-dahua-technology-adapte-ses-cameras-thermiques/

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://dailynewshungary.com/questionable-face-recognition-cameras-to-be-installed-in-hungary/

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.panama24horas.com.pa/panama/huawei-y-el-itse-unen-fuerzas-para-construir-un-ecosistema-de-talentos-tic-sostenible/
2. https://elcapitalfinanciero.com/panama-tendra-el-primer-laboratorio-de-inteligencia-artificial-en-el-itse/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although there has yet any collaboration on biometrics, PRC-connected business Huawei is quite prominent in Indonesia, including to realise the plan of Indonesia digital blueprint 2020-2045. Indonesia is planning to roll out One Data System to enable the implementation of data accessibility between government agencies and to encourage transparency and accountability within the government itself, enabling the creation of more targeted policies and improving public services. Performing this intensive analytics requires the use of the latest and most advanced technologies, such as cloud-based solutions developed by Huawei.

1. https://pressrelease.kontan.co.id/release/huawei-perkokoh-komitmennya-dukung-satu-data-indonesia?page=all
2. https://www.merdeka.com/teknologi/huawei-bantu-pemerintah-tingkatkan-kualitas-sdm-satu-data-indonesia.html?page=1
3. https://www.cloudcomputing.id/berita/intelligent-twins-arsitektur-sistematik-huawei-indonesia
4. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/10/13/bppt-huawei-team-up-to-develop-ai-cloud-and-5g.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Chinese firm ZTE arrives in Jujuy (reference 1). ZTE has reached an agreement with the province of Jujuy, for a nearly $ 30 million surveillance contract to provide cameras, monitoring centers, emergency services and telecommunications infrastructure. But this does not include facial or voice recognition yet, although the reference cites that an official from Jujuy have declared their intention to introduce this technology in the future.

1. https://asialink.americaeconomia.com/economia-y-negocios-informatica/la-firma-china-zte-llega-jujuy

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://www.embapartwroc.com.tw/convenios_bilaterales_es

Supplementary Notes

Paraguay does not have diplomatic relations with the PRC, but rather recognises Taiwan. For this reason, this kind of cooperation is not possible.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There isn’t any projects regarding data recollection regarding facial or voice recognition. The only security project in which a Chinese company might be involved is security cameras’ acquisition by the internal government. Ingesmart, a tech and security provider, represents both US’ companies such as Microsoft and Chinese companies such as Huawei or Lenovo, which might be sub-providers for this project. Passports have Biometric technology from Morpho, a French company.

1. https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2020/04/08/noticia-ingesmart-implementara-chile-sistema-teleproteccion-camaras.html
2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0969476512701157

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no reports of this occurring.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

No hay evidencia de esto para el caso de México.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence, therefore we confirm our answer.

1. https://www.miraflores.gob.pe/miraflores-alista-plan-para-utilizar-camaras-biometricas-con-reconocimiento-facial/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link KOTRA is largely funded by the government, and it has been engaged in promoting bilateral collaboration with Chinese companies on 5G, IoT, and AI. Private companies have already teamed up with Chinese companies on IoT and AI, but there is no evidence of collection and use of voice and facial big data. Also, unlike what the question is likely aiming at, this is more for the expansion of Korean companies into the Chinese market. Link Link If the question is specifically asking about “facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI,” I’ll change the response to "no" (especially at the central, local government level)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

中国、データ規制へ新法　外国企業も対象に米中対立先鋭化の懸念 【北京=多部田俊輔】中国は政府や企業が扱うデータの管理を厳しくする新法を制定する。改ざんや不正利用で国家安全保障を損ねると判断すれば罰則を科す。国外の組織や個人によるデータ収集も対象で、外国企業では警戒も広がる。国や企業の競争力を左右するデータ活用に影響が出るのは必至で、米中対立を先鋭化させる懸念もある。 新法の名称はデータ安全法（データセキュリティー法）。中国のデータの取り扱いにかかわる初めての... The above is from the article behind the paywall.

1. https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO61883120S0A720C2MM8000/

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Taking into account the timing of the blossoming relationship between China and Thailand and the Thai military’s recently developed systems for surveillance, it is possible that the Thai military may be receiving aid in the form of assistance from China concerning surveillance technology and spying techniques… Link

1. https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/thailands-creeping-digital-authoritarianism/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence available.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such cases of collaboration have been identified by author in the period cover by the report.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Designing the Latvian Speech Recognition Corpus: Link

1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263165104_Designing_the_Latvian_Speech_Recognition_Corpus

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No direct evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

The Fifth Meeting of the Sub-Committee on Science and Technology Cooperation of the China-Uzbekistan Intergovernmental Cooperation Committee Successfully Held; At the meeting, the two sides exchanged information on their domestic policies in the field of science, technology and innovation and latest science and technology development plans; reviewed the R&D cooperation and agreed to select a new round of jointly funded intergovernmental R&D projects; briefed each other on the progress of cooperation in combating COVID-19 as well as the building of cooperation platforms including joint laboratories and joint R&D centers; and agreed to further strengthen the coordination and cooperation within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.- Link

1. http://en.most.gov.cn/pressroom/202107/t20210719_175961.htm

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No available data on this question

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with government officials show no collaboration between Tanzania-based companies/institutions and PRC-connected entitites on facial, voice recognition or other applications.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no available information on this question

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is hardly evidence of this, and Zambia is highly centralised

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has up until now been no public report of such phenomenon in Austria.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence for this claim.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Very unlikely. But there are reports on collaboration of information sharing.

1. https://www.afghanistantimes.af/afghanistan-china-sign-agreement-on-customs-cooperation/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There have been no reports of such collaboration in Romania. At the same time, as an EU member state, strict data protection standards are applied in Romania, in accordance with the European GDPR

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei did provide such services for some subnational governments, but it is unclear if these contracts were kept after the Draghi government ceased cooperation with Huawei at the central level. The fall of the Draghi government further increases uncertainty here.

1. http://extranet.greens-efa.eu/public/media/file/1/7297
2. https://www.tomshw.it/altro/huawei-e-acea-insieme-per-un-colosseo-piu-sicuro-grazie-alle-telecamere-smart/

Supplementary Notes

While biometric recognition processes are used (in a relatively restrictive way), none of the companies providing the service seem to be connected with the PRC

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/f3-Artificial%20Intelligence

Supplementary Notes

No mentions on the China Tech Map, only connections are related to the smart city systems discussed at item 6

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No public evidence available.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.socialnetlink.org/2021/06/23/data-center-de-diamniadio-macky-sall-magnifie-la-cooperation-chinoise/

Supplementary Notes

There has been collaboration on digital data, but can't confirm whether if it includes facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Cameras in public spaces were installed years ago and they continued to function until short before the war. Reportedly some of these had facial recognition, but this is hard to confirm. It is not clear what happened to them after the Russian invasion in Feb 2022.

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2452

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-3163
2. https://www.securityworldmarket.com/me/Newsarchive/first-dahua-led-screen-project-applied-in-ada-university-azerbaijan
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADA_University
4. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-3163

Supplementary Notes

Our reviewer expert claimed that Azerbaijani immigration agency uses PRC tech FR cameras, however, we could not find the direct evidence. "In 2019, ADA University in Azerbaijan installed Dahua's screens." (see URL 1) "The ADA university in Azerbaijan started the construction of a new teaching building in 2017. Its multimedia classroom has been equipped with Dahua's technology to help provide 40 square metres of LED screens to provide students with advanced and modern teaching equipment." (see URL 2) "ADA University (ADA) (Azerbaijani: ADA Universiteti) is a university established under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan in March 2006 by Hafiz Pashayev." (see URL 3) "In March 2020, the Jack Ma Foundation and the Alibaba Foundation announced that they would donate a total of 1.7 million face masks, 165,000 test kits, protective clothing and medical equipment such as ventilators and forehead thermometers to Azerbaijan, Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Vietnam." (see URL 4)

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili