Technology

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Companies such as Huawei as well as ZTE in partnership with TelKom Indonesia have begun development to introduce 5G in Indonesia

1. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Huawei-crackdown/Huawei-s-5G-deal-with-Indonesia-spearheads-Southeast-Asia-push
2. https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2019/06/29/14411517/telkom-dan-zte-kerja-sama-pengembangan-5g-di-indonesia

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to a report prepared by the auditing company EY, the main customers of Huawei are telecommunication companies operating in Georgia. Link The internet provider company Silknet is collaborating with leading technology companies , such as " Ericsson " and " Huawei ". Link Through a number of Samsung and Huawei models connected to the Magti (internet provider and mobile telecom company in Georgia) network, users will benefit from new technology, and new models will be added to this list periodically. Link

1. https://bm.ge/ka/article/the-country-shows-the-first-sign-of-recovery--natia-turnava-/64146
2. https://netgazeti.ge/news/412035/
3. https://www.magticom.ge/ka/volte-press-release

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Likewise, at 90 percent and 70 percent, Huawei is the main tech supplier for Kyrgyzstan’s top telecommunication providers Sky Mobile and Alfa Telecom. Link Chinese investors have been engaged in the Kyrgyz ICT sector. The Kyrgyz Republic and China signed a Memorandum of Understanding in 2018 to build a national fiber ring under a public-private partnership (PPP) arrangement, but the proposed project has not moved forward as yet. In addition, Huawei and ZTE are the main vendors of telecommunication equipment for mobile operators and ISP/broadband internet providers. Link

1. https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/smart-cities-or-surveillance-huawei-in-central-asia/
2. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34118/South-Caucasus-and-Central-Asia-The-Belt-and-Road-Initiative-Kyrgyz-Republic-Country-Case-Study.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2003, in cooperation with the Chinese telecommunications company ZTE, the obsolete automatic telephone exchange in Qurghonteppa was replaced free of charge with a modern digital station with a capacity of 6,000 ports. At present, JV "Tajiktel" continues to provide services in the D-AMPS standard, the cost of which, given the emergence of competition, has significantly decreased, and since 2002 has introduced cellular services of the GSM standard, the equipment for which was purchased from the Chinese company "Huawei Technologies" ... Great hopes are pinned on the provision of a direct EBRD loan to OJSC “Tajiktelecom” in the amount of US $ 13 million for the modernization of the national public telecommunications network. The implementation of the network modernization project at the expense of EBRD borrowed funds is designed for 2-3 years. In 2002, the first international tender was held, which at the first stage covers the modernization of the Dushanbe city telephone network and its infrastructure, namely the digitalization of all analog urban exchanges and the replacement of all connecting lines as well as the organization of the transport fiber-optic SDH ring connecting all public telephone exchanges in Dushanbe. (Scheme of SDH-ring in Dushanbe). The tender for this project was won by the Chinese company ZTE, together with which in 2004 it is planned to commission a fully digital Dushanbe city public telephone network. source: Link Huawei has been serving more than 85% of all Tajikistan residents. Huawei not only provides stable telecommunication solutions, but also makes contributions to the telecommunication industry in Tajikistan, which helps to promote long-term development of ICT technology in Tajikistan. Link Link HUAWEI already provides 4G to Tcell (Tajik mobile network) Link

1. https://www.caspianpolicy.org/central-asia-looking-to-introduce-5g-technology-in-major-cities/
2. https://www.huawei.com/en/sustainability/win-win-development/social-contribution/seeds-for-the-future/tajikistan
3. https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM//ie/enterp/documents/coverpagatajikr.pdf
4. https://www.tcell.tj/device/4g-modems/new-4g-modem-huawei-e.php

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Ethiotelecom, the current monopoly telecom operator, relies on Huawei and ZTE Link

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.dmo.gov.ng/facts-about-chinese-loans-to-nigeria
2. https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Manualreport/cia_09.html
3. https://www.proshareng.com/news/Products---Services/Nigeria-Gives-Huawei-a-Place-to-Prove-Itself-/14931

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin and Farida Adamu

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei has been operating in Brazil since 1998 and is the largest supplier of telecommunications equipment, including 4G.

1. https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/banir-huawei-sera-custoso-e-atrasara-rede-de-5g-no-pais/
2. https://economia.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,brasil-deve-manter-huawei-em-leilao,70003020906

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Telco dilemma: Argentina depends on Huawei for 4G and 5G networks, amid China-Trump conflict (reference 1). Huawei is the main technology provider for Argentina's 4G network. It is responsible for 70% of the national telecom network and for 100% of the one located in the AMBA.

1. https://www.iprofesional.com/tecnologia/293063-trump-vs-huawei-riesgo-para-movistar-personal-y-claro-en-argentina

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Some Chilean internet and telecom providers use Huawei devises and infrastructure to deliver these services.

1. https://www.entel.cl/empresas/fijo-inalambrico/
2. https://www.latercera.com/pulso/noticia/huawei-esta-a-un-paso-del-5g-en-chile/ER3ALGDSDRCZ3H7M4WTOWFEARA/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://elcomercio.pe/tecnologia/tecnologia/5g-en-peru-que-permitira-hacer-la-tecnologia-que-acaba-de-ser-autorizada-en-el-pais-mtc-noticia/
2. https://www.entel.pe/postpago-5G/

Supplementary Notes

Peru has four (04) companies that provide telecom services: Telefonica (Spain), Claro (Mexico), Entel (Chile) and Bitel (Vietnam). All these companies sell mobile phones of HUAWEI. The promotion of 5G technology has been observed since 2021. [Doublethink Lab]: Also see Link

1. https://contxto.com/en/peru/huawei-rolls-out-5g-tests-in-peru/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei and ZTE are the main equipment providers of CANTV, Venezuela’s state-owned telecommunications provider, also one of the main providers of cellphone coverage in the country.

1. https://www.computerworld.es/tecnologia/nicolas-maduro-anuncia-inversiones-en-huawei-para-el-desarrollo-del-4g-en-venezuela
2. https://www.finanzasdigital.com/2021/02/la-infraestructura-nacional-de-telecomunicaciones-en-la-sociedad-de-la-informacion/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Vietnam does not use Huawei, ZTE, or other PRC enterprises for 5G. Vietnam uses Ericsson, Nokia, and Samsung equipment for its 5G networks, and deliberately but de facto excludes Huawei from its 5G. See below link. However, it does use a PRC enterprise for 4G. See second link. Viettel Moves Away from Huawei’s 5G Technology,” Hanoi Times, August 26, 2019 Link

1. http://hanoitimes.vn/viettel-moves-away-from-huaweis-5g-technology-42438.html
2. https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe/vien-thong/nha-mang-viettel-phu-nhan-cao-buoc-su-dung-thiet-bi-mang-4g-trung-quoc-521599.html

Supplementary Notes

Expert is 100% confident Vietnam does not use 5G. Confidence indicator is for 4G and the question overall.

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link (True, a fully licensed operator in Thailand, with a 30% market share in the mobile market of the country, will adopt ZTE's 5G RAN products and services to build a commercial 5G network in Thailand.) True selects China’s ZTE to build 5G network in Thailand (Link) Thailand launches Huawei 5G test bed (Link) [2nd respondent] Thai government signs MOU with Huawei for establishing Huawei ASEAN academy in EEC with the goal of boosting ICT industry’s development. This project also includes the increasing capacity of 5G network in Thailand. Link China's ZTE partners with AIS and Suranaree University of Technology to facilitate implementation of 5G technology in Thai factories. Link

1. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/zte-and-true-corporation-announce-collaboration-to-build-a-commercial-5g-network-in-thailand-301101872.html
2. https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/351228.html
3. https://www.telecomlead.com/5g/true-selects-chinas-zte-to-build-5g-network-in-thailand-96134
4. https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1148629/zte-targets-50-revenue-boost-in-2017
5. https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d674e3467544e32457a6333566d54/index.html
6. https://www.eeco.or.th/th/news/327
7. https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/pr/2123183/chinas-zte-partners-with-ais-and-suranaree-university-of-technology-to-facilitate-implementation-of-5g-technology-in-thai-factories-

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Plenty of Huawei etc. equipment in Germany’s 4G, and they are building it into 5G.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As for 4G network, three major telcos (Telia, Elisa and Tele 2) use Huawei equipment. According to the regulation, high-risk technology must be phased out by 2030. The hardware and software used to build the 5G network must be risk-free by 2024.

1. https://news.err.ee/1143507/huawei-plans-to-challenge-estonia-5g-ban

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Much of the Czech telcom market relies on PRC equipment.

1. https://www.capacitymedia.com/articles/3825631/exclusive-four-european-vodafone-companies-are-100-huawei
2. https://www.idnes.cz/mobil/mobilni-operatori/vodafonu-postavi-3g-sit-huawei-cinane-tak-zcela-opanovali-ceske-site.A090708_151340_mob_operatori_vok

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei equipment has 70-90% share in the 4G networks of three our out of four major telcos in Poland. Only one telco’s infrastructure is based on other providers.

1. https://serwisy.gazetaprawna.pl/telekomunikacja/artykuly/1491046,huawei-cyberbezpieczenstwo-sieci-telekomunikacyjne.html
2. https://www.money.pl/gielda/play-ograniczenie-udzialu-huawei-w-5g-wymagaloby-0-9-mld-zl-inwestycji-w-7-lat-6554646051403905a.html
3. https://wyborcza.biz/biznes/7,177150,26257634,kto-zbuduje-w-polsce-siec-5g-eksperci-koszt-wykluczenia-huawei.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Telecom Egypt has signed a long-term financing agreement with a number of Chinese financial institutions, including Bank of China and China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation. The deal will see the incumbent fixed-line provider receive $200 million in financing to support the deployment of its 4G network. Chinese vendor Huawei helped to bring about the deal by offering Telecom Egypt competitive financing conditions for deploying its core, transmission, and 4G networks." Link “Telecom Egypt signs new deal with Huawei, ZTE and China Telecom” Link

1. https://developingtelecoms.com/business/operator-news/7841-telecom-egypt-secures-200m-of-chinese-financing.html
2. https://archive.is/DsXJZ#selection-933.6-933.69

Supplementary Notes

“In 2005, ZTE signed a partnership with France Telecom (Orange) and became its global supplier of asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) equipment. ZTE played a key role in a 100,000-line CDMA telecom project in Egypt for the CDMA upgrade for Cairo and the Nile Delta.” Link Link

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-3907
2. https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Manualreport/cia_09.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.btgunlugu.com/huawei-5g-konusunda-turkiyede-neler-yapiyor/
2. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turk-telekom-signs-mou-for-5g-deal-with-huawei-171961
3. https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2019/11/turk-telekom-huawei-broke-world-single-user-5g-speed-record
4. https://www.lightreading.com/turkcell-and-huawei-complete-the-worlds-leading-800g-trial-on-the-live-carrier-network/d/d-id/757917
5. https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2019/2/turkcell-5g-oriented-all-cloud-core-network
6. https://tr.euronews.com/2020/01/29/huawei-turkiye-bizim-icin-merkez-ulke-ve-bolge-lideri-5g

Supplementary Notes

Turkey’s state-owned telecom company, Turk Telekom and Huawei are cooperating to build the nation’s 5G network as well as the country’s largest private telecommunication company Turkcell. Huawei defines Turkey as a central and regional leader country for its 5G and other operations.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Central Asia, China’s investments into digital networks are overlooked, with the focus on large-scale infrastructure projects, such as roads, bridges, and pipelines. But China’s 5G investments in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan are turning into a major infrastructure development component led by Beijing in the region. China’s largest telecommunications company, Huawei, is leading digital infrastructure engagement in the region. Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev visited Huawei’s Innovation Center while in China for the Belt and Road Forum in April 2019. He supported the introduction of 5G into his country, and since then digital cooperation between the countries has accelerated. All three state-operated Uzbek cell phone companies deepened 5G cooperation with Huawei. Two of the companies, Uzmobile and Ucell tested the 5G networks in 2019 to roll out the service commercially in 2020. The third cell phone company, UMS, agreed with Huawei to invest in new technology. In 2019, Huawei announced that its technology enables the communication of more than half of the population of Uzbekistan and celebrated its 19th year in Uzbekistan’s market.- Link In Uzbekistan, ZTE has been operating since 2004 in the form of a representative office, and since 2008 in the form of a foreign limited liability company - FE LLC ZTE Investment. The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) is one of the priority areas for Uzbekistan. As is known, the attention of foreign investors and companies in the field of ICT contributes to market liberalization and increased competition. As a result of attracting foreign investment, various joint ventures and projects are operating. One of such projects is the launch of a technological line for the production of DSLAM equipment and ADSL modems in the Navoi Free Industrial Economic Zone. The project was the result of cooperation between Uzbektelecom and ZTE- Link

1. https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/before-and-beyond-5g-central-asias-huawei-connections/
2. http://zte.ru/company/zte-in-uzbekistan/

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with Telecom companies show that local companies have signed agreements to adopt hardwares pr technical specifications

1. https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Manualreport/cia_09.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2013/12/06/gamtel-signs-usd33m-contract-with-huawei-to-transform-national-backbone/
2. https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2018/03/21/gambian-mps-reject-chinese-loan-deal-for-national-broadband-network/
3. https://www.toutiao.com/article/6709575354043859460/?channel=&source=search_tab&wid=1657526165985 http://www.focac.org/zfgx/zzjw/202204/t20220406_10664970.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Most of 4G networks run on huawei/zte equipment. Also, smaller telecom operators were relying on ZTE to develop 5G network. (see below URL)

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-huawei-slovakia-idUSKCN1PO1TO

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei's equipment is omnipresent in the country's 4G network. Its participation within the rollout of 5G has been legally restricted, however.

1. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1417429/lithuania-bans-unreliable-technologies-from-its-5g-network
2. https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ICDS-Brief_Between-the-Chinese-Dragon-and-American-Eagle-5G-development-in-the-Baltic-states_August-2020.pdf

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Two out of Austria’s three main network providers have partnered with Chinese companies. First, Hutchison Drei, which is owned by Hong Kong group CK Hutchison, has partnered with ZTE. Secondly, Magenta, which is owned by Deutsche Telekom, has partnered with Huawei. Both of these partnerships also encompasses the 5G roll out.

1. https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000121119274/magenta-chef-bierwirthwir-brauchen-huawei
2. https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20180718_OTS0029/zte-austria-partnerschaft-mit-hutchison-drei-in-richtung-oesterreichische-5g-vorreiterschaft

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In June 2020, Belgium reacted to the prominent presence of Huawei and ZTE as well as pressure from the US. It imposed new restrictions, including banning so-called high-risk vendors "in the 'core' and 'backbone' of 5G netowrks and a cap of 35 percent for such vendors in the 'radio access' part of the network". However, the Chinese companies were not mentioned by name.

1. https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-huawei-restrictions/
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-orange-nokia-security-5g-idUSKBN26U0YY

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Until 2020, Huawei made significant inroads into the Greek telecoms market (see URL1 below). Since 2020, Huawei has been eased out of the core of 5G networks in Greece (see URL2 below). ZTE routers are widely used in Greece (see URL3 below).

1. https://technode.com/2020/12/09/how-huawei-hooked-greek-telcos/
2. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Huawei-crackdown/Greece-joins-anti-Huawei-camp-as-US-seals-stronger-ties
3. https://www.skroutz.gr/c/775/adsl-modem/m/4834/ZTE.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.zf.ro/business-hi-tech/video-guvernul-citu-i-exasperat-gigantii-orange-vodafone-telekom-20044002
2. https://www.zf.ro/business-hi-tech/directorii-generali-orange-vodafone-digi-au-mers-impreuna-intalnire-20078399

Supplementary Notes

All telecom operators in Romania use Huawei or ZTE equipment in their 3G or 4G networks. The largest Romanian telecom player (RCS-RDS) has had a development strategy based on cheap hardware components of Chinese origin, either under the ZTE or Huawei brands, or white-label brands

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2016/12/08/lifecell-signs-5g-cooperation-agreement-with-ericsson-huawei/
2. https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2018/11/08/iot-time-m2minternet-of-things-weekly-digest/
3. https://east-center.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/DRI-report-2021.pdf

Supplementary Notes

About 80–90 per cent of information and telecommunication equipment of Ukrainian mobile operators is manufactured by Chinese companies Huawei and ZTE, which also service and replace it

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2363463/economic-future-of-pakistan
2. https://www.globalvillagespace.com/china-keen-to-support-a-fast-5g-rollout-in-pakistan/
3. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-1138

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/utTSm

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei and ZTE not in core infrastructure, but there are apparent apparent plans to include them in other parts of Singapore's future 5G and 6G telecommunications infrastructure based on news reports. TechHQ report linked above writes, "Huawei only won a contract to provide technology for a smaller, local network system to TPG Telecom, a smaller player in Singapore."

1. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/25/huawei-loses-out-to-nokia-ericsson-in-building-singapores-main-5g-networks.html
2. https://www.zdnet.com/article/singtel-makes-massive-mimo-move-with-ericsson-huawei-zte/
3. https://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-telecoms-5g-idUKL4N2E12M5
4. https://www.zte.com.cn/global/topics/mwc2018/newsdetail.aspx-id=119748641.html
5. https://techhq.com/2020/06/ericsson-nokia-oust-huawei-to-win-5g-contracts-in-singapore/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"One of the main breakthroughs during this period was the development of a 4G LTE communication standard and the construction of networks of a new standard around the world, in Kazakhstan we started this project in 2013. At one time it was a big breakthrough both for our company and for the entire telecommunications market. In Kazakhstan, we were the first who managed to implement a project on coverage with a fourth generation communication network throughout the country. It was a great achievement "- Zhang Qingguo, General Director of Huawei Technologies Kazakhstan LLP, in an interview with Kursiv.kz. "we are the leader in 5G service delivery. In Kazakhstan, last year (2019), we successfully tested a new generation network together with Kazakhtelecom. I think the deployment of the first commercial zones of the 5G network will begin this year and will start in Nur-Sultan and Almaty. In particular, in the special economic zone." Source: Link

1. https://www.huawei.com/kz/news/kz/2020/huawei-news-article-intervyu-generalnogo-direktora-huawei-v-kazakhstane-kursiv-08042020

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

huawei Mobile has been serving in the field of technology for a couple of years in Armenia. Knowing the demands of peoples of Armenia, huawei produces and sells good quality smartphones. Not only this, huawei mobiles provide with slim gorgeous design, appropriate display size, good quality cameras for selfie and photography, sufficient battery life, and advanced connectivity options like 3G and 4G network, WiFi, GPS and NFC. huawei smartphones often released with adequate RAM and ROM so consumer can play games and store data with ease. Moreover, huawei mobile prices in Armenia are quite reasonable so a consumer would not hesitate when buying a huawei smartphone in Armenia.

1. https://www.mobile57.com/am/phones/huawei/
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010000/https://telecom.arka.am/en/news/business/zte_planning_to_expand_its_presence_in_armenia/
3. https://archive.ph/XDiAc
4. https://news.am/eng/news/373126.html

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-safaricom/safaricom-launches-east-africas-first-5g-network-huawei-a-vendor-idUSKBN2BI1H7
2. https://qz.com/africa/1990724/kenya-becomes-the-second-african-country-to-launch-5g/
3. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201712/07/WS5a29082ea310fcb6fafd3138.html

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.gsma.com/futurenetworks/wiki/powerstar-and-mtn-south-africa-energy-saving-case-study/

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.america-retail.com/mexico/mexico-huawei-va-por-5g-en-el-pais-este-ano/
2. https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/finanzas/christopher-landau-landau-llama-al-gobierno-e-industria-unirse-al-movimiento-red-limpia-5g-6059367.html
3. https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/finanzas/la-red-5g-pisa-el-freno-en-mexico-tecnologia-telefonia-infraestructura-velocidad-red-carlos-slim-america-movil-5756334.html
4. https://expansion.mx/tecnologia/2021/02/23/no-tener-5g-en-mexico-traera-mas-pobreza-telecomunicaciones
5. http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/2021-04/27/c_139909249.htm
6. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/huawei-construye-una-red-elte-iot-para-la-red-el%C3%A9ctrica-mexicana-840600473.html

Supplementary Notes

En México, la empresa Huawei ha estado haciendo presión sobre la principal institución reguladora de telecomunicaciones, con el propósito de avanzar en la construcción de la red 5G. Sin embargo, la presiones de EEUU asi como la tardanza en las concesiones de las frecuencias de las redes han impedido su desarrollo. La decisión final sobre la adopción del 5G en México aún puede considerarse posible si tomamos en cuenta las declaraciones de los funcionarios mexicanos y la reunión con los representantes de Huawei y el Senado Mexicano.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below links.

1. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Japan-s-4-carriers-to-shun-Chinese-5G-tech
2. https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/blog/japans-5g-mirror-europe
3. https://www.ztedevices.com/jp/
4. https://www.huawei.com/jp/

Supplementary Notes

Nikkei Article behind paywall: Japan's 4 carriers to shun Chinese 5G tech Docomo and KDDI join SoftBank in ditching Huawei and ZTE A pilot base station developed by Huawei on the roof of a building in Tokyo. MINORU SATAKE, Nikkei staff writerDecember 10, 2018 21:11 JSTUpdated on December 11, 2018 04:25 JST TOKYO -- Japan's three main mobile phone carriers SoftBank Group, NTT Docomo and KDDI have decided not to use Chinese equipment in their 5G networks due to rising security concerns that spurred the Japanese government to block Huawei Technologies and other Chinese companies from public procurement. E-commerce company Rakuten, which will become Japan's fourth wireless carrier next year, is also shunning China, stating that "there are no plans to use Chinese telecommunication equipment." The company will use Nokia products for its 4G network. These moves will be a major blow to Huawei, which has been moving aggressively into Japan's telecom and smartphone markets. Tokyo on Monday essentially banned Chinese telecom purchases by central government ministries and its Self-Defense Forces starting in April. "It's extremely important to avoid buying equipment that includes malicious functions like stealing or destroying information or halting information systems," Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told reporters. Washington has already banned Huawei and ZTE from the U.S. 5G market, and has imposed sanctions on Chinese companies for their dealings with Iran. It will also bar companies that use products from certain Chinese companies from doing business with government agencies starting in 2020 -- a concern for SoftBank and the NTT group as they look to expand abroad. The Japanese government currently does not restrict such purchases by private-sector companies. But with pressure from the U.S. mounting, carriers face the possibility that this could change. Japanese telecoms plan to start testing 5G next year with the goal of a full-scale rollout of commercial service in 2020. Carriers, needing to choose suppliers for orders to be placed next spring, decided against taking the risk of buying from companies that could ultimately be barred from the market. Technology conglomerate SoftBank, the only major telecom in the country that uses Huawei and ZTE equipment in its 4G systems, will determine whether it has to find other makers. SoftBank had been partnering with Huawei in 5G trials, and it has worked mainly with the Chinese company's base stations when honing its 5G know-how. Choosing a different supplier could delay its plans. Meanwhile, Docomo and KDDI do not use Chinese equipment for 4G. While Docomo has been running 5G trials with Huawei, the company has decided not to use Chinese-made equipment in its 5G network, due partly to technical hurdles. KDDI also plans to continue avoiding Chinese equipment. NTT Docomo and KDDI have decided to follow the lead of SoftBank in deciding not to use Chinese equipment in their 5G networks due to rising security concerns. Huawei's market share for the country's base station sales jumped to 13% in fiscal 2017 from 4% in 2016, according to Tokyo-based research company MCA -- an increase mainly fueled by SoftBank, according to Taro Daimon, an analyst at MCA. Huawei accounted for about 60% of the carrier's base station installations by value in fiscal 2017. Takuya Kamei, senior researcher at Nomura Research Institute, said Japanese telecoms will be able to meet their 5G rollout goals by procuring equipment from other vendors. All three majors are expected to commercialize 5G services before the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo. "Companies will be able to obtain the necessary equipment," because none of them are solely reliant on Huawei, he said. But given that the transition to 5G typically involves upgrading some existing 4G infrastructure, the decision to steer clear of Chinese suppliers "will be a major blow to SoftBank, which has Chinese 4G equipment," MCA's Hironori Amano said. While no companies have indicated plans to halt sales of Huawei handsets, the Chinese maker's reputation has been tarnished. Huawei surpassed Apple this year to become the second-largest smartphone maker in the world, and has been making a big push in Japan, launching flagship models such as the P20 Pro. Jim Xu, Vice President of Huawei's consumer unit, told the Nikkei Asian Review in late November that the company plans to cultivate the Japanese market by opening dedicated Huawei booths in retail shops. Washington informed Tokyo and other allies of the risks posed by Chinese information technology equipment and urged them to block Huawei and ZTE from their markets, a Japanese government source said. Australia and New Zealand have already banned Chinese makers from building their 5G networks, and Britain's BT Group has said it will not use Huawei equipment in the core of its 5G infrastructure. Unlike the U.S. ban, Japan's new procurement guidelines do not single out any specific country or company by name. The World Trade Organization bars such discrimination in public procurement, and while exceptions can be made when security concerns exist, whether Huawei meets that threshold remains unclear. Japan may also be leery of damaging its relationship with China. "It is very important for our two countries to develop a relationship of friendship and cooperation," said Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga. Government agencies will need to survey their IT equipment to ensure it complies with the new guidelines, expected to take effect in about three months. Any equipment that poses a security risk must be removed or replaced. IT and telecom companies are starting to conduct their own reviews to see if any Chinese parts or products were included in equipment sold to the central government. "It's technologically possible to intercept [information] through telecom equipment," said Goh Tokida, a security consultant at NRI SecureTechnologies. By inserting chips or modifying software, bad actors can collect information traveling through certain communication channels, he said. NTT Data, which develops systems related to the new "My Number" national identification program, is among those looking to get a head start on the process. The company says it "cannot completely rule out the possibility" that it used products from China. NEC, which builds its own telecom equipment in-house, says it basically does not use equipment from China. But other Japanese companies within its supply chain may have outsourced production to Chinese manufacturers, and NEC is considering how to check for such cases. Nikkei staff writers Jada Nagumo, Akihide Anzai, Wataru Suzuki, Akane Okutsu, Yukio Tajima, Isao Horikoshi and Yusuke Hinata contributed to this article.

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-canada-now-only-member-of-five-eyes-alliance-to-have-not-banned-huawei/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.cfr.org/blog/china-huawei-5g
2. https://www.fvaconsultancy.com/best-pocket-wifi-in-the-philippines/

Supplementary Notes

There are few articles that disclosed where Telecom providers in the country get their hardware or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular network. However, most of the Telecom player in the Philippines such as Smart and Globe get their gadgets from China such as Huawei, ZTE and other PRC enterprises. At present most of the technology is 4G compatible and Globe has deployed 5G capabilities through their internet broadband service.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Companies such as Huawei, Alibaba, ZTE and Tencent have provided low-cost, high quality products, with the support of Chinese government. Chinese tech companies have invested heavily in the region, like the Lazada group in Singapore, which is an e-commerce firm operated by Alibaba. It has the highest number of monthly active users in several countries in the region. Tencent and Didi Chuxing have invested in the cab-ride industry firms like Grab and Gojek that have surpassed Uber in these countries. Jack Ma’s Alipay entered the markets in countries such as Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Philippines to support Chinese tourists but later grabbed significant share in their markets… Between 2011 and 2015, Chinese firms provided almost US$5 billion worth of loans and investments to the country. Among them was telecommunications giant Huawei, which partnered with a local firm to launch Cambodia’s first 4.5G network. ZTE Wins Mobile Network Contract from Sotelco Ltd Link Cambodia’s Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications signed an agreement with Huawei, and later one of the Cambodian companies, Smart Axiata, announced its partnership with Huawei for the development of 5G network… Link

1. https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/423537.html
2. https://jgu.edu.in/jsia/research/center-southeast-asian-studies-cseas/the-emerging-influence-of-huawei-and-chinas-digital-silk-road/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

U Mobile taps ZTE to conduct 5G trials in Malaysia Link ZTE Supports Malaysian Mobile Operator webe digital on vEPC Network Deployment Link ZTE INKS MSAN DEAL WITH TELEKOM MALAYSIA Link U Mobile and ZTE Announce Strategic Partnership to Build a 100 Mbps Wireless Network in Malaysia Link …China represents the largest single-country optical spending in Asia Pacific, followed by Japan. Korea and India are fairly close to each other in third and fourth place. The rest of Asia Pacific includes five countries with large capex and optical spending: Australia, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Taiwan… Link Digi: Accelerating 5G in Malaysia Link Huawei officially lands role in Malaysia's 5G rollout Link

1. https://www.telecomasia.net/content/u-mobile-taps-zte-conduct-5g-trials-malaysia/
2. https://www.zte.com.cn/global/topics/mwc2018/newsdetail.aspx-id=121792757.html
3. https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/350738
4. https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/351079
5. https://www.lightwaveonline.com/network-design/article/16667365/zte-nec-take-share-in-asia-optical-network-hardware-market
6. https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/magazine/zte-technologies/2020/2-en/vip%20voices/3
7. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/5G-networks/Huawei-officially-lands-role-in-Malaysia-s-5G-rollout
8. https://kr-asia.com/huawei-officially-lands-role-in-malaysias-5g-rollout

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Provided links show that two of the most popular telecoms, BH Telecom and Telemach (referred as United, it’s parent company), have used Huawei’s products in development of their 5G cellular network infrastructures. There are no sources that would prove or deny that telecom service providers other than these two have adopted hardwareres or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks produced by PRC enterprises.

1. https://www.sarajevotimes.com/bh-telecom-claims-it-is-technologically-ready-to-launch-5g-network/
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-unitedgroup-huawei-idUSKBN2B21WO

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"TOUCH ANNOUNCES 4.5G LTE ADVANCED NETWORK DEPLOYMENT ALL OVER LEBANON IN PARTNERSHIP WITH HUAWEI AND NOKIA. HARB: BY THE END OF SEPTEMBER 2016 LEBANON WILL ENJOY THE LATEST IN THE WORLD OF MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS" Link “Huawei’s latest 5G equipment has enabled touch, the leading mobile telecommunications and data operator in Lebanon, to perform the first commercial 5G trial in the nation. At an event held under the auspices of the Prime Minister Designate Saad Hariri, represented by the Caretaker Minister of Telecommunication Jamal Jarrah, touch and Huawei gave a sneak peek of the 5G experience that customers will enjoy once the technology is fully deployed in Lebanon.” 2018 Link "Beirut – October 2, 2018: touch, the leading mobile telecommunications and data operator in Lebanon, managed by Zain Group, has performed the first commercial 5G trial in Lebanon using Huawei equipment, at an event held under the auspices of the Prime Minister Designate Saad Hariri represented by the Caretaker Minister of Telecommunications Jamal Jarrah. This trial showcased the real 5G experience that customers shall have once it is deployed in the country and 5G enabled devices become available." Link

1. https://www.touch.com.lb/autoforms/portal/touch/about-touch/media-center/press-releases/45g
2. https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2018/11/huawei-state-of-the-art-5g-lebanon
3. https://www.touch.com.lb/autoforms/portal/touch/about-touch/media-center/press-releases/5g

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/huavej-srbija-saradnja/30675844.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.myjoyonline.com/china-to-assist-ghana-in-security-project/
2. https://www.mobileworldlive.com/latest-stories/mtn-ghana-huawei-deploy-umts900-network
3. https://www.biztechafrica.com/article/mtn-ghana-live-46-4g-sites-and-huawei-p10/12488/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei has actually been involved in constructing communication towers, drawing masssive backlash from Zambia

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-03/04/c_139783992.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In my country Huwawei has signed several agreements with different telco providers. The state-owned Teletalk has tied up with Huawei to launch 5G in Bangladesh. The company has also helped providers like Banglalink to modernize its network. Banglalink also has another agreement with ZTE for its network modernisation across the country.

1. https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2021/12/bangladesh-5g-launch
2. https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2022/04/12/banglalink-inks-deal-with-huawei-for-network-modernization
3. https://en.prothomalo.com/corporate/banglalink-signs-agreement-with-zte-for-network-modernisation
4. https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2017/6/grameenphone-villaradio

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

One of Bulgaria’s biggest telecommunications providers, Yettel (formerly known as Telenor), has built its 5G networks with Huawei technology.

1. https://www.bloombergtv.bg/a/17-v-razvitie/95100-edinstveno-telenor-ot-balgarskite-kompanii-izgrazhdat-5g-mrezhata-si-iztsyalo-s-huawei

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei and ZTE are important partners of Hungary-based telecom companies, and the Hungarian government announced that Huawei will develop 5G network in Hungary.

1. https://chinaobservers.eu/hungary-china-relations-is-it-time-for-a-change/
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hungary-telecoms-huawei-idUSKBN1XF12U
3. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110504007597/en/ZTE-Selected-as-Telenor%E2%80%99s-New-Main-Value-Added-Service-VAS-Supplier-in-the-Nordic-Region

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

ZTE provided GSM and 3G to Afghanistan in 2012. Not many foreign companies are willing to work in Afghanistan due to the instability so Chinese presence is significant.

1. https://mcit.gov.af/en/minister-communications-and-information-technology-meets-ambassador-china-kabul
2. https://it.sohu.com/20121123/n358475075.shtml

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As the report "Turkmenistan approves purchase of communications equipment from Huawei" shows, it's likely to enhance Turkmenistan’s authoritarian digital capacity.

1. http://www.news.cn/2021-11/12/c_1128059276.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Actualmente, hay una amplia discusión en torno a la 5G en Costa Rica, que no se ha resuelto, en que el Gobierno está intentando recuperar las frecuencias 5G de manos de la empresa estatal ICE, lo que ha implicado que todavía no se haya dado ningún contrato, pero que en un futuro muy cercano se podría dar, con Huawei como uno de los principales interesados.

1. https://bit.ly/38XBi0S
2. https://bit.ly/3miC0J9
3. https://bit.ly/3titfm4

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://bit.ly/3mfmpde
2. https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/economia/nokia-desplaza-huawei-desplegar-red-5g-ecuador-100008.html

Supplementary Notes

Ha habido intenciones pero que no se llegaron a concretar, o desarrollar, en el caso del proyecto Yachay sobre 4g con China se hicieron acercamientos desde 2015 (ver enlace 1) pero NO se materializó. En 2021, hubo la intención de desarrollar el 5g con una firma China, pero finalmente ésta también fue cambiada por la intención de buscar otro socio (ver enlace 2).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://fd.nl/ondernemen/1384291/huawei-verdwijnt-uit-de-kern-van-nederlandse-telecomnetwerken
2. https://leidenasiacentre.nl/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Chinas-Role-in-Digital-Standards-for-Emerging-Technologies-1.pdf

Supplementary Notes

Huawei's participation in the development of a Dutch 5G network became a big political topic. Some telecom providers (KPN, T-Mobile) active in the creation of a 5G network signed deals with Huawei, but the government then decided Huawei would be banned from developping any 'sensitive' parts of the network. Afterwards, Huawei was howerver an important partner, and is still allowed to deliver antenna and radio services

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"On 7 December 2019, Huawei reportedly introduced the '5G is ON' project in Azerbaijan. Huawei planned to collaborate with mobile operatores for the development of a 5G network. According to the article published in trend, Huawei 'is implementing various projects in Azerbaijan in six focused areas. The projects are already being launched in cooperation with state structures and mobile operators.'" (see below URL 1) "China's Huawei unveils 4G mobile services in Azerbaijan" (see below URL 2)

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-4223
2. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/tech/2016-10/27/content_27190471.htm

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I could not find proper agreements (besides the one with Telefonica on 2010) but evidence show that hardwares and tech from PRC is spread in Nicaragua.

1. https://www.telesemana.com/blog/2022/02/21/los-centros-de-datos-y-las-nubes-de-huawei-ya-cubren-toda-america-latina-la-influencia-tecnologica-de-china-es-un-regalo-a-los-paises-que-no-respetan-los-derechos-humanos/
2. https://www.europapress.es/portaltic/empresas/noticia-telefonica-zte-llegan-acuerdo-desarrollo-venta-moviles-latinoamerica-20100217122145.html

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Manualreport/cia_09.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.slobodnaevropa.mk/a/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0-%D0%B8-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%98%D0%B5-%D1%9C%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0-5%D0%B3-%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0-/30908557.html
2. https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/27/north-macedonias-5g-plans-put-chinas-friendship-at-risk/

Supplementary Notes

The use of hardware from these companies was relatively common before 2020. But in 2020 North Macedonia signed a memorandum for safe 5G network with the United States that practically prohibited these purchases. This prevented Makedonski Telekom, owned ultimately by Deutsche Telecom from purchasing equipment from Huawei for its 5G network. Thus, while in the past telecoms have signed such agreements, they will be prohibited from doing so in the future.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

ZTE and A1 launched the first 5G SA test network in Belarus. (see below URL)

1. https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/20200525e1.html

Supplementary Notes

No final decision has been made on when exactly the 5G rollout will begin. The official reminded that a 5G working group had been established under the Council of Ministers in order to take into account all the peculiarities the introduction of the new technology may entail. “We are going to prepare a final report in February in order to inform the head of state and approach the decision-making stage. There is also the frequency allocation procedure to consider. There may be tenders or some other options. We've worked them out,” Konstantin Shulgan explained- Link (the talks have been conducted between parties) The Huawei company is creating its own scientific and technological center in Belarus. We plan to participate in this project more widely, and not only for cooling systems- Link

1. https://eng.belta.by/society/view/nationwide-5g-coverage-within-five-years-deemed-possible-in-belarus-136553-2021/
2. https://rci.bsu.by/docs/One%20Belt%20One%20Road%20Initiative:%20Opportunities%20for%20Belarus.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The latest agreement I found were in 2019 and apparently the main Spanish Telcos are leaving PRCs companies behind. Those agreements still taking place are not significant.

1. https://www.elindependiente.com/economia/2021/06/15/las-telecos-arrinconan-a-huawei-como-proveedor-5g-en-espana/
2. https://www.noticiasdegipuzkoa.eus/economia/2019/02/26/euskaltel-amplia-alianza-zte-expansion/600216.html
3. https://www.expansion.com/empresas/tecnologia/2019/09/04/5d6ec539e5fdeae32b8b45ad.html
4. https://www.zdnet.com/article/orange-espana-uses-zte-to-conduct-5g-demos/
5. https://www.xatakamovil.com/conectividad/el-fabricante-chino-zte-financiara-el-85-de-la-red-de-fibra-optica-de-jazztel

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is only one known case of this happening, though it’s only at a pilot stage at the moment, and with companies from other countries participating as well.

1. https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/america-movil-set-to-pilot-5g-in-colombia

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Of the three telecommunications companies, only LG Uplus uses Huawei 4G/5G equipment.

1. http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20201105000339

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Orange inks deal with Huawei for June 4G launch" Link

1. https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2015/03/26/orange-inks-deal-with-huawei-for-june-4g-launch/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

BITE has initially signed the agreement with HUAWEI but it was not functional. Riga and Washington on Thursday signed a joint declaration on 5G security aimed at limiting the Latvian market to Chinese companies Link Latvia has signed the joint declaration with the United States of America on 5G security Link

1. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1146924/latvia-signs-5g-declaration-with-us-to-sideline-china
2. https://2017-2021.state.gov/joint-statement-on-united-states-latvia-joint-declaration-on-5g-security/index.html

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.kauppalehti.fi/uutiset/nokia-syrjayttaa-huawein-suomalaisoperaattoreiden-yhteisessa-mobiiliverkossa-suomen-yhteisverkon-operointi-pois-kiistellylta-kiinalaisyritykselta/7fc42630-8d6e-4584-b67c-a7560840fd3b

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

All five telecom service providers are included in the Clean 5G Network of U.S. State Department.

1. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3976270
2. https://3c.ltn.com.tw/news/1106

Supplementary Notes

However, there was a telecom company Global Mobile Corp., which already terminated in 2015, signed a contract with Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industrial Park, China in 2011 to promote the TD-LTE standard. TD-LTE standard is the 4G telecommunication technology China promoted as the successor of its 3G standard TD-SCDMA. It was developed by a coalition of telecom companies consisting half of Chinese corporations, which are China Mobile, Datang Telecom, Huawei, ZTE, Nokia Solutions and Networks, Qualcomm, Samsung, and ST-Ericsson.

Answered by Pellaeon Lin, and has been reviewed by Lee Penghsuan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://archive.ph/wip/iVbEk

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest this

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.marketresearch.com/Paul-Budde-Communication-Pty-Ltd-v1533/Bolivia-Telecoms-Mobile-Broadband-Statistics-14737287/

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a MOU on the topic, but no decisions were taken yet.

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/27/c_138342414.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.ultimahora.com/la-tecnologia-5g-arribaria-al-pais-los-proximos-3-anos-n2831574.html

Supplementary Notes

5G technology does not yet operate in Paraguay. On the other hand, it is appreciated that Huawei has projects with telephone companies in Paraguay.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

UK providers have been ordered to remove all Huawei 5G equipment from their networks by 20271. These restrictions also apply to Huawei’s broadband networks1. Recently, it was revealed that the Prime Minister’s new communications director lobbied on behalf of Huawei to stop the ban2, but evidently this had no effect on the government’s decision.

1. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-53403793 %0d2
2. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/feb/07/guto-harri-reportedly-lobbied-no-10-chief-of-staff-to-stop-ban-on-huawei

Answered by Hannah Bailey, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2018, the DoT had excluded companies like Huawei and ZTE from participating in trials to develop 5G use cases in India. For national security reasons, in Dec, 2020, India's National Security Directive (NSDTC) mandated service providers to purchase equipment from“trusted sources”. With immediate effect from 15th June 2021, new restrictions for providing licenses have been implemented. License shall only connect trusted products in its network and also seek permission from designated authority for up-gradation or expansion of existing Network. The action is intended to stop Chinese suppliers like Huawei and ZTE from giving Indian telecom carriers equipment for the impending 5G services.

1. https://theprint.in/opinion/chinese-firms-left-out-of-5g-trials-in-india-but-modi-govt-played-fair-heres-how/664638/
2. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/telecom-equipment-china-india-ban-7107663/#:~:text=%2C%E2%80%9D%20Prasad%20said.-,In%20recent%20months%2C%20India%20has%20banned%20the%20import%20of%20equipment,embedded%20in%20the%20imported%20equipment
3. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/citing-national-security-govt-set-to-bar-chinese-telecom-gear/articleshow/79769475.cms

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Tenzin Dalha

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Albania is part of the Clean Network Initiative launched by the US. See: Link and: Link

1. https://al.usembassy.gov/remarks-by-under-secretary-of-state-for-energy-economic-growth-and-environment-keith-krach-at-the-office-of-the-prime-minister-of-albania/
2. https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-and-albanian-prime-minister-edi-rama-at-a-signing-of-a-memorandum-of-understanding-between-the-government-of-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-council-of-ministers-of/

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/drustvo/472681/oprezno-sa-5g

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The legislation is being changed and if you have been using them you need to remove them (see below URL 2)

1. https://www.channele2e.com/business/enterprise/huawei-banned-in-which-countries/2/
2. https://www.francetvinfo.fr/internet/telephonie/5g/5g-huawei-apres-un-premier-echec-en-france-ne-renonce-pas_4345489.html

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Legacy networks about to be replaced, no 5G equipment from China

1. https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-front-line-china-stockholm/
2. https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/sweden-becomes-latest-and-among-most-forceful-to-ban-huawei-from-5g/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Aunque la Autoridad de Servicios Públicos modificó el Plan Nacional de Atribución de Frecuencias para impulsar la implementación de esta tecnología en Panamá se desconoce si las empresas telefónicas han firmados acuerdos en este sentido.

1. https://bit.ly/3t75Xzs

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://sic.md/en/5g-speeds-for-a-made-in-china-pro-moldova-road-to-nowhere/

Supplementary Notes

In 2019, the Moldovan prime-minister talked to ZTE about developing 5G in Moldova, but his party was ousted from power and subsequent governments did not continue the negotiations, at least not publicly

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaip2152.pdf

Supplementary Notes

Agreements were repeatedly blocked by the government, though there is a theoretical possibility that Huawei or ZTE may at some point sign an agreement with one of the providers

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita