Technology

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kazakhstan national telecommunications operator Kazakhtelecom and China Mobile signed a cooperation memorandum during the Mobile World Congress Shanghai 2019. Link China Telecom signed with a Kazakh telecom firm to deliver a fast, high-capacity route from Hong Kong to Europe, dubbed a new Silk Road. Link Huawei completed the 5G integration process in Kazakhstan in commercial partnership with Beeline, the largest independent mobile phone operator in the country. The Chinese company plans to set up a pilot project in Nur-Sultan in 2021, with coverage expansion to the rest of the country by 2025. Link Kazakhstan unveils 5G plans with support from Chinese tech giants to transform into a regional digital hub. Link

1. https://www.telecompaper.com/news/kazakhtelecom-china-mobile-sign-cooperation-memorandum--1298825
2. https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/china-telecom-signs-with-kazakh-firm-for-new-link-to-europe/
3. https://novastan.org/en/kazakhstan/kazakhstan-huawei-to-launch-5g-network-in-2021/
4. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202310/1299974.shtml

Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2003, the telecom company ZTE (China) provided a digital telephone exchange for 6,000 subscriber lines and installed it in Kurgan to replace one of the outdated exchanges. Link In 2008, a Chinese telephone company purchased Tajik mobile phone operator TK Mobile for $26.66 million USD. Link Tajiktelecom and China Telecom announced a plan in 2008 to build a fiber connection between the two countries, but this plan did not come to fruition. Link Tajik cellular service companies are also at risk because China owns TK Mobile, one of Tajikistan’s five cellular service providers. Link On October 19, 2006, the Export-Import Bank of China pledged to loan $22.8 million USD for restructuring Tajik Telecom (also known as Tajiktelecom), Tajikistan’s national telecommunications operator. A new joint-stock company was to be established based on this enterprise, with foreign legal and physical entities having the right to purchase its shares. The total cost of the project was $27 million USD, according to a Tajik official. Link

1. https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM//ie/enterp/documents/coverpagatajik.pdf
2. https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ifrichinacentralasiakassenovaengjanuary2008.pdf
3. https://www.internetsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/ISOC-Tajikistan-IXP-assessment.pdf
4. https://api.caspianpolicy.org/media/uploads/2020/09/PB-Chinas-growing-influence-in-CA-through-surveillance-systems.pdf
5. https://china.aiddata.org/projects/54557/

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Asia-Unicom LLC was established in 2014 and today has its own backbone fiber-optic line based on DWDM technology within the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. Link The partners of Asia-Unicom are China Mobile and China Unicom. Link

1. http://www.asia-unicom.net/#company
2. http://www.asia-unicom.net/#partners

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Beyond the 5G AFCON announcement, China has financed Egypt’s telecoms sector and, according to a researcher with Egypt’s Foreign Trade and Industry Ministry, the 82 Chinese telecoms firms operating in Egypt as of 2019 represent $14 million USD in FDI." Link “Telecom Egypt signs new deal with Huawei, ZTE and China Telecom” Link Link Telecom Egypt has signed a long-term financing agreement with several Chinese financial institutions, including the Bank of China and China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation. Link Telecom Egypt signed on August 8, 2019, on the sidelines of the BRICS Future Network Innovation forum (from 5 to 9 August 2019 in China), an agreement with Chinese technology company Huawei. Link ZTE becomes the largest CDMA vendor of Telecom Egypt.

1. https://www.power3point0.org/2020/02/20/egypt-and-chinas-telecoms-a-concerning-courtship/
2. https://archive.is/DsXJZ#selection-933.6-933.69
3. https://developingtelecoms.com/business/operator-news/7841-telecom-egypt-secures-200m-of-chinese-financing.html
4. https://www.ecofinagency.com/telecom/0908-40385-telecom-egypt-signs-new-deal-with-huawei-zte-and-china-telecom
5. https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/350255.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon said that China is willing to actively participate in the construction of new telecommunication projects in Lebanon. Wang hailed the excellent cooperation between the two sides in the telecom industry. For his part, Lebanese Telecommunication Minister Mohammad Choucair spoke highly of the technology and service provided by Chinese telecom companies in Lebanon, as well as the good cooperation between the two sides.

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-03/27/c_137925680.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In october 2022, the mexican Federal Communications Institute (IFC, in spanish) aproved a concession in favour of China United Network Communications Group (China UNICOM) to operate in the country for 30 years as a supplier of telecom services. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" rating"

1. https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/empresas/China-Unicom-consigue-una-concesion-para-vender-servicios-de-telecomunicaciones-en-Mexico-20221019-0065.html
2. https://www.produ.com/noticias/telecomchina-estatal-obtiene-permiso-de-30-anos-para-operar-en-mexico
3. https://www.ift.org.mx/sites/default/files/conocenos/pleno/sesiones/acuerdoliga/pift130722397.pdf
4. https://www.forbes.com.mx/telefonica-y-china-unicom-se-alian-para-mejorar-red-4g/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, both China Telecom and China Mobile International have subsidiaries in Panama. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://ctamericas.com.br/terms-conditions-panama/
2. https://opencorporates.com/companies/pa/155690496

Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Resouce1: Alcomsat-1" is considered the first Algerian communications satellite, successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province, 2,200 km southwest of Beijing. It is designed to operate for 15 years and was produced as a joint project between the Algerian Space Agency and China. Other evidence: ZTE would co-operate with local companies, in order to boost the telecom infrastructure construction in the country”.

1. https://algeriemaintenant.dz/2023/07/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-1-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86/#:~:text=%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%20%E2%80%9C%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%20%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%201%E2%80%9D%20%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84,%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86.
2. https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/350251.html
3. https://www.lightreading.com/business-management/zte-to-open-plant-in-algeria

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Mobile has working capacity on the Italian telecom market, among many many other service providers. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.mvnonews.com/2021/03/04/china-mobile-cmlink-debutta-in-italia/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Xinwei operates in Nicaragua under the brand Cooltel since 2016.

1. https://confidencial.digital/principal/tecnologia-5g-sera-un-negocio-para-daniel-ortega-bajo-la-sombra-de-china-y-tekko/
2. https://www.telesemana.com/blog/2016/04/29/xinwei-inicio-finalmente-sus-operaciones-en-nicaragua/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has emerged as one of main players in Pakistan’s Telecom Sector: China Mobiles’ Zong 4G (CMPAK) is one of the main players in Pakistan’s telecom sector

1. https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2023/06/17/china-emerges-as-one-of-main-players-in-pakistans-telecom-sector-pes/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Shahzeb Jillani

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In terms of basic infrastructure, national fiber optics allow for telecom services.

1. https://asiapowerwatch.com/chinas-economic-influence-in-afghanistan-in-a-belt-road-context/
2. http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2588025/n2588124/c8183197/content.html
3. https://news.ifeng.com/c/88oID8a1cXS
4. http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/afuhan.pdf

Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As the report "Turkmenistan Approves Purchase of Communications Equipment from Huawei" revealed, Turkmenistan has approved the acquisition of communications equipment from Huawei.

1. http://www.news.cn/2021-11/12/c_1128059276.htm
2. https://www.cnfin.com/world-xh08/a/20120704/982157.shtml

Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei provides services partners with MTN to provide services in Nigeria. Therefore this indicator deserves a Yes response.

1. https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Manualreport/cia_09.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

ZTE and other Chinese companies, including China Telecom are installing undersea cables to provide internet in partnership with MTN. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://www.itweb.co.za/content/LPwQ5MlbR8VvNgkj
2. https://www.mtn.com/mtn-globalconnect-mtn-south-africa-land-2africa-subsea-cable-in-western-cape-to-strengthen-internet-connectivity/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Africa Data Centres. a leading communications solutions provider across 13 countries including Kenya signed a deal with China Telecom for the deployment of a China Telecom Point of Presence (POP) at Africa Data Centres. The partnership is expected to offer Africa Data Centres' customers extended global connectivity and Internet services. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.itweb.co.za/article/china-telecom-africa-data-centres-extend-partnership/5yONP7EEo2b7XWrb

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

All three major PRC telecom providers have a presence in Singapore, however they tend to have fewer individual customers. Most of their customers seem to be corporate customers.

1. https://www.cmlink.com/sg/en/get-sim/
2. https://www.chinaunicomglobal.com/sg/
3. https://www.chinaunicomglobal.com/sg/contact-us.php
4. https://www.chinatelecomasiapacific.com

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Brazil, China Telecom was established in 2012, and in 2014 it began operating. Until 2023, the company sold a single product, internet access. China Mobile has been in Brazil since 2017 and basically operated with IP transport and other network services for Chinese companies that set up in the country, as well as data, voice and SMS for mobile customers in roaming in partnership with operators. In 2023, it announced its expansion in Brazil and plans for MVNO. In 2018, China Unicom began operating in Brazil with the completion of the installation of its submarine fiber optic cable through the South Atlantic Inter Link (SAIL) consortium, a joint partnership of China Unicom (with its wholly owned subsidiary, China Unicom of Brasil Telecomunicações Ltda) and CAMTEL.

1. https://exame.com/negocios/em-recomeco-no-brasil-china-telecom-mira-norte-e-nordeste-e-conexao-com-a-asia/
2. https://www.convergenciadigital.com.br/Inovacao/China-Unicom-comeca-a-operar-no-Brasil-por-meio-de-cabo-submarino-48933.html?UserActiveTemplate=mobile
3. https://www.mobiletime.com.br/terra-externa/24/11/2023/china-mobile-amplia-presenca-no-brasil-e-estuda-criar-mvno/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese players have been involved in the Nepalese telecoms market for many years, mainly winning contracts based on their ability to offer lower prices, much as they did in myriad other global markets.

1. https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/nepal-telecom-reaches-agreement-with-chinese-company-asian-info-despite-billing-problems/98605177
2. https://www.telecoms.com/wireless-networking/us-china-spat-spills-over-into-nepal-hits-5g-rollout
3. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/2128054/nepal-looks-china-internet-access-after-years-depending

Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Amish Mulmi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom, one of the largest Chinese operators providing traffic transmission services in the Russian Federation, plans to expand its presence in the country, including increasing brand recognition. China Unicom (277 million subscribers in China, with a representative office in Russia since June 2017) and China Mobile (867 million subscribers, operating in Russia since 2018) also operate in the field of cross-border traffic transmission in Russia.

1. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5888821

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese companies like Huawei and ZTE are the providers of telecoms equipment. Zimbabwe has signed several agreements with the PRC in the field of ICT. Through NetOne and Telecel, several bilateral cooperation treaties have been signed.

1. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2024/07/26/zimbabwean-internet-provider-partners-with-china-telecom-to-offer-faster-broadband-service
2. https://english.news.cn/africa/20240726/78e1340092f242d3875d80711fe082c9/c.html

Answered by Ernest Mudzengi and Nancy Kambudzi, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are companies of China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom operating in Malaysia.

1. https://businessreport.ctoscredit.com.my/oneoffreport_api/single-report/malaysia-company/0966742X/CHINA-TELECOM-MALAYSIA-SDN-BHD
2. https://businessreport.ctoscredit.com.my/oneoffreport_api/single-report/malaysia-company/1255154V/CHINA-UNICOM-OPERATIONS-MALAYSIA-SDN-BHD-
3. https://pikom.org.my/member/china-mobile-international-malaysia-sdn-bhd
4. https://tmglobal.com.my/key-highlights/news-and-article/articles/awards/tm-wholesale-china-telecom-global-excellent

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has sent experts on-site at Timor-Leste, cities and rurals, to help build and train new experts in digital set-up. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. http://en.qstheory.cn/2022-08/03/c_794212.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the case of Movistar, a major telecommunications provider in Argentina, the core of its mobile network is 100% owned by Huawei, as well as the connectivity deployed between the provinces. When it comes to Claro, the company has fiber optic extensions and microwave infrastructure also supplied by the same provider. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.

1. https://www.iprofesional.com/tecnologia/293063-trump-vs-huawei-riesgo-para-movistar-personal-y-claro-en-argentina
2. https://www.forbesargentina.com/innovacion/dentro-plan-us-500-millones-china-competir-eeuu-internet-global-n31916

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

DITO Telecommunications, a joint venture between Davao tycoon Dennis Uy and China Telecom (which owns a 40 percent stake in the firm), is also positioning itself to be the third biggest telecommunications player in the country. Currently, it has 8 million subscribers, down from 14 million due to the implementation of the country's SIM Card Registration Law. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://dito.ph/corporate
2. https://business.inquirer.net/402818/ditotel-gets-lifeline-renews-loans-with-chinese-banks

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2014, China Mobile purchased an 18 percent stake in True Corporation, a major Thai telecommunications company. However, in March 2023, China Mobile sold off a portion of its shares, leaving it with a 7.8% stake in the company. According to True Corporation’s 2023 Annual Report, the company’s "unique position with China Mobile as strategic investors/shareholders facilitates access to new innovative technology and solutions, such as 5G." This strategic relationship places True Corporation at the forefront of driving digital transformation for businesses. Additionally, True Business leverages collaborations with major global partners like Telenor, China Mobile, and CP Group to achieve economies of scale in purchasing network equipment, benefiting from the synergies and scale offered by these partnerships.

1. https://www.kaohooninternational.com/markets/524454
2. https://investor.truecorp.co.th/misc/AR/20240307-true-ar2023-en.pdf

Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom; China Mobile provided global internet services. In October 2017, China Unicom completed the PCCW 2M project, establishing the China–Myanmar International (CMI) cable and connecting it to the Asia–Africa–Europe 1 (AAE-1) cable. This marked the first time a Chinese domestic operator fully constructed an overseas optical cable project. The CMI cable, aimed at boosting Myanmar's telecommunication capacity, was preceded by the completion of the China–Myanmar International terrestrial cable in 2014. To facilitate this connection, the Ngwe Saung Cable Landing Station was built, linking China Unicom's AAE-1 submarine cable to the CMI cable, creating a digital link from China to Europe.

1. https://www.facebook.com/ChinaTelecomMyanmar/.
2. https://www.cmi.chinamobile.com/en/contact-us
3. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/data/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese entities such in particlaur Huawei are cooperating with Government institutions; public companies and mobile phone companies in the provison of digital or internet services.

1. https://www.cartamz.com/index.php/empresas-marcas-e-pessoas/item/14873-pca-da-edm-consolida-parcerias-para-a-transformacao-digital-da-empresa
2. https://www.mctes.gov.mz/mctes-e-huawei-formalizam-cooperacao-nos-dominios-da-inovacao-digital-e-capacitacao/
3. https://morenet.ac.mz/morenetehuaweiassinaturamemorandum/

Answered by Sérgio Chichava, and has been reviewed by Tomé Bambo

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom has operations in Japan. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.chinatelecomasiapacific.com/jp/

Answered by Ryohei Suzuki, and has been reviewed by Maiko Ichihara and Yuki Moritarni

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Indonesia is one of the host countries for China Telecom Global (CTG).

1. https://www.ctamericas.com/news/china-telecom-connecting-countries-across-apg/

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom and China Mobile have provided telecom services in Saudi Arabia

1. https://www.cmi.chinamobile.com/en/news-and-events/news/detail?id=1755
2. http://www.saudi-cocc.net/en/home/148.html
3. https://www.zawya.com/en/projects/bri/china-telecom-global-signs-partnership-pact-with-zain-omantel-international-pgfhz1t3

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom has a branch in Canada, CT Exel, that provides telecom services.

1. https://www.ctexcel.ca/newversion/home

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, in the form of infrastructure (China Unicom).

1. https://w.media/china-unicom-to-lay-subsea-fiber-cable-linking-hong-kong-and-cambodia/

Supplementary Notes

China Unicom Group, one of China’s major telecommunications operators, has revealed plans for the construction of a nearly 3,000-kilometer-long submarine optical fiber cable, which will span from Hong Kong to Sihanoukville in southern Cambodia. This project represents Cambodia’s inaugural state-owned submarine optical fiber cable, equipped with substantial capacity for international communication.

Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2022, the FCC revoked China Unicom's authorization to operate in the US, and last year did the same for China Telecom Americas. It has also banned gear from telecommunications companies Huawei and ZTE. However, researchers at the Center for Security and Emerging Technology suggest that the United States will not see the full effects of the Federal Communications Commission's decision to ban sales of Chinese telecom equipment for years to come. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response

1. https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/fcc-revokes-authorization-of-more-chinese-telecom-providers/
2. https://cset.georgetown.edu/article/fcc-faces-long-road-in-stripping-chinese-tech-from-us-telecom-networks/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom all cooperate telecom services with local operators.

1. https://www.silicon.co.uk/networks/broadband/china-mobile-cmlink-226057#:~:text=China%20Mobile%20Launches%20CMLink%20UK%20MVNO%20For%20Chinese%20Community,-China%20Mobile%20wants&text=CMLink%20promises%20no%20additional%20fees,115%2C000%20visitors%20to%20its%20services.
2. https://www.cmlink.com/uk/en/index.html
3. https://telecoms.com/478016/china-unicom-branches-out-to-the-uk-with-cuniq-mvno/
4. https://www.samenacouncil.org/samena_daily_news?news=28709
5. https://www.chinaunicomglobal.com/eu/

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom is the carrier level troubleshooting and installation operators of Optus, an Australian telecommunications. Besides, China Unicom Australian headquarters operates in Sydney, but the scope of services and clients are not clear.

1. https://www.chinaunicomglobal.com/au/about.php
2. https://www.channelnews.com.au/exclusive-china-telecom-huawei-doing-a-roaring-trade-with-partners-tpg-aapt-optus/

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

China to invest in electric cars, mobile phones and roads in Abkhazia Link During the Chinese-Indian visit of the Prime Minister of Georgia, Nika Gilauri, it became known that two Chinese telecommunications giants "Ze-te-e" and "Huawei" were interested in the construction of an optical fiber line along the railway. Link

1. https://eurasianet.org/china-to-invest-in-electric-cars-mobile-phones-and-roads-in-abkhazia
2. https://www.ghn.ge/news/26262

Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“The remaining two network operators aside from LMT (namely Tele2 and Bite) followed the ambiguous approach longer, but it is also coming to an end. Bite Latvija, owned by the US private equity investment fund Providence Equity Partners LLC27 through Bite Lietuva, had signed an MoU on cooperation in 5G networks with Huawei in 2018, and had been consistently voicing a pro-Huawei position: “Latvian mobile phone operator Bite Latvija will not suspend its partnership with the company and will go forward with its plans to introduce a 5G network with the help of Huawei.” Link

1. https://chinaobservers.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/briefing-paper_huawei_A4_03_web-1.pdf

Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Link "AzerTelecom", the backbone internet provider connecting Azerbaijan to the international internet network, has signed a Strategic Memorandum of Understanding with China Telecom, a leading company in the field of information and communication technologies, within the framework of the "Azerbaijan Digital HUB" program implemented for the transformation of Azerbaijan into a Regional Digital Center.

1. https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/azertelecom-ve-china-telecom-strateji-memorandum-imzaladi-250526

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

According to a number of Chinese online news sites, China Mobile is considering buying a stake in Uzbektelecom. Executives from the Chinese telecom company are reported to have visited Uzbekistan last month for meetings with the local regulator and government officials. Last year, the Uzbekistan government revealed plans to sell between 49% and 64.2% of the national PTO to overseas investors. Russia’s Golden Telecom, Korea Telecom, and Israel’s Solan Communications have also expressed interest. Solan Communications has valued the stake at USD 50 million. (Officially, it has not been approved.) Link

1. https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2005/08/10/china-mobile-considers-uzbeki-investment/

Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Link Its three telecom operators — Zain Jordan, Orange Jordan, and Umniah — have done an excellent job in serving the telecom market and providing industry-leading solutions and services, both B2B and B2C, to the residents of the Kingdom.

1. https://jordantimes.com/news/local/huawei-joins-jordans-march-become-regional-ict-hub-says-ceo

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

China Telecom Group will build a telecommunication node inside the China-Belarus industrial park Great Stone to provide communication services inside the park, BelTA learned from Kirill Koroteyev, First Deputy Director General of SZAO Industrial Park Development Company. Link

1. https://www.ctamericas.com.cn/china-telecom-builds-telecommunication-node-china-belarus/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link all companies are connected to Mongolia.

1. https://dlca.logcluster.org/35-mongolia-telecommunications

Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.Link

1. https://n9.cl/q2au0

Supplementary Notes

See figure 114, page 117 of the link provided

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

After reviewing information about agreements signed by China anda Venezuela since 2000 until now, it can be confirmed that none of companies cited in the indicator have presence in Venezuela. Therefore, there is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

1. https://vendata.org/site/acuerdo-venezuela-china/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Mobile registered its brand in Chile in 2018, but it has not official entered the country. China Telecom announced it plans to expand its operation in Latam.

1. http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=435155
2. https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/es/noticias/china-telecom-ampliar%C3%A1-presencia-en-am%C3%A9rica-latina/

Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No PRC-connected entities provide telecom services in Ecuador. Huawei and ZTE are common suppliers of telecom equipments for the state-owned Corporacion Nacional de Telecomunicaciones.

1. https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ_Spanish/Journals/Volume-30_Issue-4/2018_4_05_ellis_s_eng.pdf

Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

1. https://colombiatic.mintic.gov.co/679/w3-propertyvalue-47272.html
2. https://www.larepublica.co/empresas/las-empresas-que-lideran-en-servicios-de-internet-fijo-y-movil-telefonia-y-television-por-cable-3722706
3. https://www.portafolio.co/tecnologia/resultados-de-la-subasta-5g-en-colombia-594604

Supplementary Notes

The companies listed in the links are the ones that have a presence in Colombia as Internet service providers.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

no

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such condition observed

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom has a point of presence in Bulgaria but it does not provide telecommunications services.

Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is at this point no evidence available in this regard. However, it should be mentioned that China Unicom (Europe) established a branch in Austria in 2021, focusing on business-to-business relations rather than consumer telecom. There have been no noticable developments since.

1. https://www.chinaunicomglobal.com/eu/news-and-events/china-unicom-establishes-new-branch-in-austria.php#:~:text=China%20Unicom%20Europe%20(CUE)%20officially,partnerships%20and%20drive%20mutual%20growth.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Companies registered in Bosnia, with domestic ownership are providing the mentioned services

Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is one Danish mobile telecom service company, `3´, whose majority owner is a Hongkong-based multinational conglomerate: CK Hutchison Holdings Lmt (see first link). However, all the main Danish telecom companies have terminated their cooperation with Huawei and ZTE on 5G in recent years (see second link).

1. https://www.3.dk/om3/om-virksomheden/
2. https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/viden/teknologi/sidste-danske-teleselskab-dropper-5g-fra-huawei-nu-gaar-kineserne-efter-6g

Supplementary Notes

Therefore, it would be misleading to let the PRC score 4 points on this indicator.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Mobile China Unicom and China Telecom are not register with ComReg to provided these services

1. https://www.comreg.ie/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observationof the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Deutsche Telecom and Austrian Telecom hold by far the biggest share in this sector, and PRC connected entities are not present.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://adslfibra.pt/operadoras

Supplementary Notes

There main licensed telecom service providers are MEO, NOS, NOWO and Vodafone.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

None of these operators provides telecom services in Romania. As an exception to the complete ban on PRC companies' participation to public tenders in Romania, Lenovo was permitted in 2023 to supply equipment for the future 5G networks. They will not become operators or co-owners of the operators, though.

1. https://www.ancom.ro/lista-furnizorilor-de-comunicatii-autorizati_4186

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Moldovan market is small and can accommodate only a handful of telecom operators, none of the current ones being owned by PRC entities

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Before the full-scale war, Russia dominated the owners of telecommunication services in Ukraine.

1. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190617005826/en/Ukraine-Mobile-Infrastructure-Broadband-Operators-Statistics-and-Analyses-2019---ResearchAndMarkets.com

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon. No to the Spanish people but just announced the arrival of a service intended for the Chinese community in Spain.

1. https://www.elmundofinanciero.com/noticia/109774/empresas/presentada-qing-telecom-operador-de-telefonia-oara-la-comunidad-china-en-espana.html

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Three companies, one public and two private, provide telecomunications services in Bolivia and none is linked to PRC-connected entities. But it is worth mentioning that China Piesat was contracted to provide satellite monitoring services to Bolivia.

1. https://www.bnamericas.com/es/noticias/china-piesat-se-adjudica-contrato-por-servicios-satelitales-y-de-espectro-en-bolivia

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.eff.org/es/pages/paraguay

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

1. https://www.deccanherald.com/business/no-plans-to-let-chinese-telecom-firms-back-into-indian-market-govt-1223956.html
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20240108063713/https://www.deccanherald.com/business/no-plans-to-let-chinese-telecom-firms-back-into-indian-market-govt-1223956.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Tenzin Dalha

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

The Ethiopian state has controlled all telecoms until 2022 when it allowed a Kenyan private provider. Link

1. https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/kenyas-safaricom-launches-network-ethiopia-first-private-operator-2022-10-06/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to Directions of Chinese Citizens' Investment on the Second Category of Telecommunication Industry (code 6100) , there are several items of services open for Chinese investment. However, according to the Investment Commission record since 2005, there hasn't been investment in the 6100 telecommunication industry.

1. https://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/files/14082/255_2164_140827_1_C.PDF
2. https://www.moeaic.gov.tw/news.view?do=data&id=1385&lang=ch&type=business_ann
3. https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2019/03/19/china-in-the-house/

Supplementary Notes

Although it's not in the field of telecommunication, the has been concern of the public Wifi provider Speedlink Telecom Taiwan being controlled by the Chinese capitals. Although there's yet to be concrete evidence, it's known that Speedlink has close relationship with the Chinese company Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Ltd (京信通信).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom Europe (registered in UK) is registered in the Polish registrar of telecom services providers but is does not provide mobile, landline, or internet services. China Telecom in Europe is focused on providing international (intercontinental services) for enterprises not on providing serviced in Poland

1. https://archive.ph/3newl
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20230916054053/https://www.uke.gov.pl/download/gfx/uke/pl/defaultaktualnosci/36/485/5/uke_raport_tele_2022_2.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. none

Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It used to be the case with CCT, but it's not the case anymore

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Christian Rumu

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no Chinese telecommunication companies operating in Uruguay. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "no" response. However, there is interest and pressure.

1. https://www.gub.uy/presidencia/comunicacion/noticias/50-empresas-chinas-tecnologia-informacion-comunicacion-mostraron-interes
2. http://www.uruguay.enlineados.com/resultados.php?estado=1&pais=uruguay&c1=internet&c2=proveedores_de_internet
3. https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/10/12/el-regimen-chino-busca-imponer-su-red-5g-en-america-latina-y-uruguay-se-encamina-a-ser-una-de-las-puertas-de-entrada/
4. https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/12/09/uruguay-la-proveedora-de-comunicaciones-dedicado-soporto-las-presiones-de-china-y-eligio-a-nokia-para-su-red-5g/

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202309/16/WS65051545a310d2dce4bb615e.html
2. https://www.telecomtrainer.com/list-of-mobile-operators-in-uganda/

Answered by Agather Atuhaire, and has been reviewed by Abdou Rahim Lema

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2019, "CTM and Angola Telecom signed a memorandum of cooperation to jointly expand digital business opportunities between mainland China, Portuguese-speaking countries and Macau" as noted in this report (Link). However, no further reporting exists on whether the partnership has progressed any further.

1. https://www.citictel.com/hk/news_releases/ctm-and-angola-cables-enter-into-mou-to-advance-digital-opportunities-between-macau-mainland-china-and-portuguese-speaking-countries/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We are unable to find any source which indicates it

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The main telecom providers in Qatar are Ooredoo Group, Vodafone Group, Etisalat, and Starlink for satellite services. Huawei, a Chinese company, operates as a technology and equipment provider but not as a telecom service provider in Qatar. The market is primarily dominated by Ooredoo (Qatar-based) and Vodafone (UK-based), with the recent addition of Starlink. There is no indication that China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, or their subsidiaries operate as telecom providers in Qatar.

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

They have offices in Germany, but German telecoms are dominated by national companies e.g. Deutsche Telekom.

Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As of May 2023, there are three cellular network infrastructures in Israel: Pelephone, Cellcom, and PHI (a shared infrastructure for Hot and Partner companies). Each of these networks operates roughly one-third of the antennas in Israel (approximately 7,900 antennas each), and none are fully or partially owned by China. According to media reports, the Israel Security Agency (Shin Bet) has prohibited Chinese entities from entering the Israeli media market since the installation of the 2G and 3G networks.

1. https://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/30f47545-38bb-ed11-8159-005056aa4246/2_30f47545-38bb-ed11-8159-005056aa4246_11_20021.pdf
2. https://www.inss.org.il/he/publication/huawei-g5/

Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is unclear from the information available if China Telecom only has an office in the Netherlands, which offers international services and tax representation or actually offers individual telefon services. Most likely, it seems individual services are not provided in the Netherlands.

1. https://www.chinatelecomeurope.com/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita