Technology

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom Global has branches in 42 countries one of which is in Indonesia

1. https://www.ctamericas.com/company/history/
2. https://www.ctamericas.com/china-telecom-connecting-countries-across-apg/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Pre-paid SIM services for individuals and VOIP services largely targeting commercial users.

1. https://www.cloudexpoasia.com/exhibitors/china-telecom-singapore-pte-ltd
2. https://www.cmlink.com/sg/
3. https://blog.moneysmart.sg/budgeting/sim-only-plans-china-mobile-singapore-cmlink/
4. https://sgpgrid.com/company-details/china-unicom-singapore-operations-pte-ltd

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Asia-Unicom LLC was established in 2014 and today has its own backbone fiber-optic line based on DWDM technology in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic Link 2the partners of asia-unicom are China Mobile and China Unicom Link

1. http://www.asia-unicom.net/#company
2. http://www.asia-unicom.net/#partners

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kazakhstan national telecommunications operator Kazakhtelecom and China Mobile have signed a cooperation memorandum during the Mobile World Congress Shanghai 2019. Link China Telecom has signed up a Kazakh telecom firm to deliver a fast high-capacity route from Hong Kong to Europe, dubbed a new Silk Road. Link China Mobile backs 5G development centre in Kazakhstan; Huawei launches NFV facility Link

1. https://www.telecompaper.com/news/kazakhtelecom-china-mobile-sign-cooperation-memorandum--1298825
2. https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/china-telecom-signs-with-kazakh-firm-for-new-link-to-europe/
3. https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2015/01/21/china-mobile-backs-5g-development-centre-in-kazakhstan-huawei-launches-nfv-facility/

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2003 the telecom company “ZTE” (China) granted a digital telephone exchange for 6,000 subscriber lines and installed it in Kurgan to replace one of the outdated exchanges. Link In 2008, Chinese telephone company bought a tajik mobile phone operator TK Mobile for 26.66 million USD. Link Tajiktelecom and China Telecom announced a plan in 2008 to build a fibre connection between the two countries, but this did not come to fruition Link

1. https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM//ie/enterp/documents/coverpagatajik.pdf
2. https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ifrichinacentralasiakassenovaengjanuary2008.pdf
3. https://www.internetsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/ISOC-Tajikistan-IXP-assessment.pdf

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.liquid.tech/about-us/news/China+Telecom+Global+and+Liquid%20Intelligent%20Technologies+form+landmark+partnership+to+step+up+network+collaboration+between+Africa+and+Asia

Answered by Mary Mutisya, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Mobile partnered with MTN South Africa in 2018. China Unicom also has an ongoing partnership since 2018

1. https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/china-mobile-international-limited-establishes-south-africa-office-692919441.html
2. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201807/19/WS5b5044cfa310796df4df77b4.html

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Manualreport/cia_09.html
2. https://www.voanews.com/a/economy-business_analysts-china-expanding-influence-africa-telecom-network-deals/6209516.html

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.cmi.chinamobile.com/en/global-resources
2. https://ctamericas.com.ar/empresa/office-locations/

Supplementary Notes

Although the CMI website indicates that there is a PoP in buenos Aires, we couldn't find any news confirming the opening (which was announced for 2020), or any information related to the location of the PoP in Buenos Aires.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

there are no telecommunications providers (cellphone coverage and internet services). Nonetheless, ZTE and Huawei provide telecommunications infrastructure equipment and support services.

1. https://www.telesurtv.net/news/maduro-inversiones-huawei-eeuu-20190524-0001.html
2. https://www.finanzasdigital.com/2021/02/la-infraestructura-nacional-de-telecomunicaciones-en-la-sociedad-de-la-informacion/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below links.

1. https://www.weeklybcn.com/journal/news/detail/20180603_162606.html
2. https://classmethod.jp/partner/cmi/

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Telecommunication/China-backed-telco-launches-service-to-take-on-Philippine-duopoly
2. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1113235

Supplementary Notes

The DITO Telecom is owned by Dennis Uy and China Telecom. It was formerly known as Mindanao Islamic Telephone Company, Inc. during 1998-2019. DITO began its commercial operation last March 08, 2021.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

TrueMove H, Link [2nd respondent] China Mobile is operating under the guideline of the Thailand Board of Investment and Telecom Public Company Limited in developing SD-WAN within bureaucratic organizations. Link

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-true-corporation-chinamobile-idUSKBN0EK0QA20140609
2. https://mgronline.com/cyberbiz/detail/9630000124288

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• China Unicom Link • ..China has offered considerable technical support to the Cambodian information-technology, telecommunications, education and media sectors. This has increased China’s potential to shape the Cambodian information environment, while bolstering the Hun Sen regime’s control over the population. Link

1. https://www.caixinglobal.com/2019-12-03/china-unicom-sets-up-cambodian-subsidiary-101489839.html
2. https://www.chinaunicomglobal.com/sg/wn-detail?url=group1%2FM00%2F00%2F69%2FCngaWV6mmEWAPiy0AAASZxP3VC039.html&type=1&adapterId=2301
3. https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

ARB partners with Chinese telco to undertake smart building projects in Malaysia: …Under the agreement, both parties agreed to collaborate in artificial intelligence, internet of things (IoT) and smart buildings platforms and applications in Malaysia… Link Big Chinese telco in XOX's RM10bil 5G venture? Link

1. https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/arb-partners-chinese-telco-undertake-smart-building-projects-malaysia
2. https://www.nst.com.my/business/2020/07/609890/big-chinese-telco-xoxs-rm10bil-5g-venture

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Beyond the 5G AFCON announcement, China has financed Egypt’s telecoms sector and, according to a researcher with Egypt’s Foreign Trade and Industry Ministry, the 82 Chinese telecoms firms operating in Egypt as of 2019 represent $14 million USD in FDI." Link “Telecom Egypt signs new deal with Huawei, ZTE and China Telecom” Link

1. https://archive.is/DsXJZ#selection-933.6-933.69
2. https://www.power3point0.org/2020/02/20/egypt-and-chinas-telecoms-a-concerning-courtship/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://netas.com.tr/hakkimizda/
2. https://www.scmp.com/tech/china-tech/article/2052271/chinas-zte-takes-over-netas-101m-eyes-expansion-turkey

Supplementary Notes

In 2017, ZTE Corp, China’s largest-listed telecommunications equipment manufacturer, acquired 48 per cent of Turkish company Netas Telekomünikasyon for up to US$101.28 million in a deal that would expand its operations across key markets covered by Beijing’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://africabusinesscommunities.com/news/first-4g-network-introduced-in-ghana.html
2. https://thebftonline.com/2021/07/28/preparing-tomorrows-workforce-for-a-w-i-s-e-r-ghana-an-interview-with-tommy-zhou-managing-director-huawei-ghana/
3. https://www.chinatelecomglobal.com/whats_new/140486/CTG_Prelaunch_Connectivity_Services_to_Africa_for_Mobile_Operators%7D

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with government officials and Tech businesses establish evidence of PRC-connected entities provide telecom services

1. https://saiia.org.za/research/china-powered-ict-infrastructure-lessons-from-tanzania-and-cambodia/
2. https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Manualreport/cia_09.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A lot of entities are highly visible in Zambia

1. https://www.networkworld.com/article/2884554/huawei-faces-outcry-over-telecom-towers-in-zambia.html

Supplementary Notes

The piece of evidence provided directly accords with what a worker at Lady M and the Chinese-educated founder of Plastic for Change asserted

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Targeting the Chinese community in France. (see below URLs)

1. https://www.oboreurope.com/en/china-mobile-in-france/
2. https://www.lesechos.fr/2018/03/le-geant-des-telecoms-china-mobile-simplante-en-france-985657
3. https://selectra.info/telecom/fournisseurs/ctexcel

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the sense of basic infrastructure, national fibre optics that allows telecom services.

1. https://asiapowerwatch.com/chinas-economic-influence-in-afghanistan-in-a-belt-road-context/
2. http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2588025/n2588124/c8183197/content.html
3. https://news.ifeng.com/c/88oID8a1cXS
4. http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/afuhan.pdf

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As the report "Turkmenistan approves purchase of communications equipment from Huawei" revealed.

1. http://www.news.cn/2021-11/12/c_1128059276.htm
2. https://www.cnfin.com/world-xh08/a/20120704/982157.shtml

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ_Spanish/Journals/Volume-30_Issue-4/2018_4_05_ellis_s_eng.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/data/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://it.cmlink.com/it/homepage
2. https://www.tech4d.it/2021/03/il-drago-di-china-mobile-e-pronto-per-litalia-cmlink-in-arrivo-entro-il-2021/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom Group will build a telecommunication node inside the China-Belarus industrial park Great Stone to provide communication services inside the park, BelTA learned from Kirill Koroteyev, First Deputy Director General of SZAO Industrial Park Development Company. (see below URL 1) China Telecom is a Chinese state-owned company and one of the world top telecommunication services providers. Upon concluding a cooperation agreement with SZAO Industrial Park Development Company at the end of 2017, China Telecom built a telecommunication node at the China-Belarus Great Stone Industrial Park to provide communication services inside the Industrial Park. (see below URL 2)

1. https://www.ctamericas.com.cn/china-telecom-builds-telecommunication-node-china-belarus/
2. https://www.sorainen.com/deals/china-telecom-builds-telecommunications-node-at-the-china-belarus-great-stone-industrial-park/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Telefonica and China Unicom had crossed property until a couple of years ago when Telefonica stopped having a Chinese in the board (see URL1 below).

1. https://cincodias.elpais.com/cincodias/2020/04/17/companias/1587135478_750647.html
2. https://csmobile.es/about-us/
3. https://chinatelecomeurope.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/CTE-Company-brochure_27July2020.pdf

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Xinwei operates in Nicaragua.

1. https://www.telesemana.com/blog/2016/04/29/xinwei-inicio-finalmente-sus-operaciones-en-nicaragua/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Huawei, Haier and Zong are among major Chinese investment companies in Pakistan's telecom sector.

1. https://www.dw.com/en/china-pakistan-investment-ties/a-58734281
2. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2363463/economic-future-of-pakistan

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to Directions of Chinese Citizens' Investment on the Second Category of Telecommunication Industry (code 6100) , there are several items of services open for Chinese investment. However, according to the Investment Commission record since 2005, there hasn't been investment in the 6100 telecommunication industry.

1. https://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/files/14082/255_2164_140827_1_C.PDF
2. https://www.moeaic.gov.tw/news.view?do=data&id=1385&lang=ch&type=business_ann
3. https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2019/03/19/china-in-the-house/

Supplementary Notes

Although it's not in the field of telecommunication, the has been concern of the public Wifi provider Speedlink Telecom Taiwan being controlled by the Chinese capitals. Although there's yet to be concrete evidence, it's known that Speedlink has close relationship with the Chinese company Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Ltd.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chiang Min-yen and Pellaeon Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim in the affirmative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.ghn.ge/news/26262
2. http://resonancedaily.com/index.php/index.php?id_rub=2&id_artc=82622

Supplementary Notes

Two Chinese telecommunications giants, ZTE and Huawei, were interested in the construction of a fiber-optic line along the railway in Georgia and participated in the tenders announed by the state railway telecom. But that info is old (dates back to 2010) and ultimately none of them won the tender. Link According to Sputnik, in 2019, the Abkhaz Customs Committee met with a delegation from the People's Republic of China led by Long Weibo, Chief Engineer of China's China Unicom, Liu Ya Joon, Vice President of the China-Asia Economic Development Association, and the so-called Honorary Consul of Abkhazia in China. , Ge Chjili attended. However, this info has been denied by the Georgian side. Link

1. https://www.ghn.ge/news/26262
2. http://resonancedaily.com/index.php/index.php?id_rub=2&id_artc=82622

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Ethiopia has long maintained a monopoly system in its telecoms sector. In May 2020, Ethiopia granted a telecoms license to a consortium led by Safaricom (Kenya), Vodafone and Sumitomo(Japan) Link

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include.

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is known that China Telecom in 2019 showed interest in buying Oi, but the interest did not materialize in the purchase. In addition, according to Decree 2,617, of June 5, 1998, in its article 1: "Concessions, permissions and authorizations for the exploitation of telecommunications services of collective interest may be granted or issued only to companies incorporated under Brazilian law , with registered office and administration in the country, in which the majority of the shares or shares with voting rights belong to natural persons resident in Brazil or to companies incorporated under Brazilian law and with registered office and administration in the country”. Even so, it was searched in Anatel's Raking (National Telecommunications Agency), with data from March 2021, on the operators with the largest number of subscribers of telecommunications services (Fixed Broadband, Mobile Telephony, Pay TV and Fixed Telephony ). In this Ranking, the main companies in the telecommunications market in Brazil are: Oi, Claro, Vivo, Tim and SKY/AT&T. None of these four companies are controlled by Chinese companies.

1. https://informacoes.anatel.gov.br/paineis/acessos
2. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto/d2617.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The telecom market in Bolivia is shared by three companies: State-owned Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Entel); Tigo (Millicom International), and Viva (Trilogy International).

1. https://www.marketresearch.com/Paul-Budde-Communication-Pty-Ltd-v1533/Bolivia-Telecoms-Mobile-Broadband-Statistics-14737287/

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are not Chinese telecommunication companies operating in Uruguay.

1. http://www.uruguay.enlineados.com/resultados.php?estado=1&pais=uruguay&c1=internet&c2=proveedores_de_internet

Supplementary Notes

This area has been the most difficult (Technology). The questions are not entirely clear and the information is very difficult to access.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.conatel.gov.py/conatel/registro-n-s-t/

Supplementary Notes

No entities linked to the PRC are observed.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although Huawei has a wide participation in the technological services, Chinese companies have not entered the market. This is mainly due to the lack of available bands for new telecom companies. They have, whatsoever, tried to enter the market, and held meetings with Subsecretary of telecommunications authorities and have inscribe their trademarks locally (Links provided).

1. https://www.leylobby.gob.cl/instituciones/AN002/audiencias/2018/172639/239756
2. http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=435155

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As the above list shows, neither these companies nor do their subsidiaries provide such services.

1. https://colombiatic.mintic.gov.co/estadisticas/stats.php?id=4&pres=content&jer=1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.jornada.com.mx/2020/11/26/economia/035n2eco
2. https://www.forbes.com.mx/filial-de-china-telecom-planea-inversion-en-mexico/
3. https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/empresas/China-Telecom-y-la-red-compartida-de-Mexico-un-tema-geopolitico-20150122-0045.html

Supplementary Notes

No existe prueba de que alguna de las empresas de telecomunicaciones que pertenecen a la RPC estén prestando servicio en México. Se conoce que en el 2015, China Telecom planeaba hacer una oferta de servicios, pero ésta no avanzó. Luego, durante la presidencia de Donal Trum en EEUU presionó a México para que no aceptará ningún tipo de ayuda en esta materia por parte de China. En resumen, se puede afirmar que las empresas de telecomunicaciones públicas de China no operan en el país.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Peru has four (04) companies that provide telecom services: Telefonica (Spain), Claro (Mexico), Entel (Chile) and Bitel (Vietnam). In 2015, Telefonica and China Unicom agreed to share their international data center capabilities as a first step towards broader and larger scale cloud cooperation

1. https://www.telefonica.com/en/web/press-office/-/telefonica-and-china-unicom-collaborating-in-joint-procurement-of-smartphones

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

All three telecommunications companies – SK Telecom, LG Uplus, KT – are Korean.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

They have offices in Germany, but German telecoms are dominated by Germany companies e.g. Deutsche Telekom.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence available.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Three most known telecom companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina are still, in their biggest parts, state-owned, while the other parts of their ownership structures have no connection with PRC, as evident by the information from the link above. Other important telecom services provider, Telemach, is a part of United Group(Link), owned by BC Partners(Link), British international investment firm. Other, less popular telecom services providers have no connection to the PRC-connected entities, nor their subsidiaries.

1. https://inforadar.ba/za-i-protiv-privatizacije-bh-telecoma-kako-ce-zavrsiti-stranacka-zlatna-koka-ciji-se-profit-godinama-topi/

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No public information available about such operations.

1. https://bip.uke.gov.pl/rpt/
2. https://super-sim.pl/sieci-komorkowe-w-Polsce

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

These entities do not supply telecom services in the UK.

Answered by Hannah Bailey, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

After China's 2017 National Intelligence Law and after the border dispute of 2020 between China and India, Chinese telecom services are considered not trustworthy.

1. https://theprint.in/opinion/chinese-firms-left-out-of-5g-trials-in-india-but-modi-govt-played-fair-heres-how/664638/
2. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/citing-national-security-govt-set-to-bar-chinese-telecom-gear/articleshow/79769475.cms

Supplementary Notes

Indian intelligence agencies have been warning and reporting on threats from spyware in Chinese Android and iOS apps over the years, advising users to be cautious about data extraction and cyber espionage. The latest ban was issued by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology on the grounds that these apps were transferring the sensitive data of Indians to servers in foreign countries such as China. The official announcement further stated that the recommendations made by the intelligence agencies were backed by the National Security Council, signaling the concurrence of India’s highest security agency on the threats posed by these apps to India's internal security, and their detrimental impact on data security.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Tenzin Dalha

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“The remaining two network operators aside from LMT (namely Tele2 and Bite) followed the ambiguous approach longer, but it is also coming to an end. Bite Latvija, owned by the US private equity investment fund Providence Equity Partners LLC27 through Bite Lietuva, had signed an MoU on cooperation in 5G networks with Huawei in 2018 and had been consistently voicing a pro-Huawei position: “Latvian mobile phone operator Bite Latvija will not suspend its partnership with the company and will go forward with its plans to introduce a 5G network with the help of Huawei.” Link

1. https://chinaobservers.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/briefing-paper_huawei_A4_03_web-1.pdf

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to a number of Chinese online news sites China Mobile is considering buying a stake in Uzbektelecom. Executives from the Chinese telco are reported to have visited Uzbekistan last month for meetings with the local regulator and government officials. Last year the Uzbekistan government revealed plans to sell between 49% and 64.2% of the national PTO to overseas investors; Russia’s Golden Telecom, Korea Telecom and the Israel’s Solan Communications have also expressed an interest, the latter having valued the stake at USD50 million. (officially, it has not been approved)-Link

1. https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2005/08/10/china-mobile-considers-uzbeki-investment/

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.fitchsolutions.com/telecommunications/sierra-leone-telecoms-broadly-positive-weak-market-fundamentals-pose-risks-25-05-2021#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20mobile%20network,QCell%20and%20state%2Downed%20SierraTel.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Information source with staff of ministry of Finance as well as the Gambia Chamber of Commerce indicates this is not true.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No. China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom are not present in Bangladesh.

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators_of_the_Asia_Pacific_region#Bangladesh

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Telecom has a point of presence in Bulgaria but it does not provide telecommunications services.

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is at this point no evidence available in this regard. However, it should be mentioned that China Unicom (Europe) established a branch in Austria in 2021.

1. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/china-unicom-europe-registered-new-branch-austria-/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NA

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence that Chinese entities do provide telecom services.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Deutsche Telecom and Austrian Telecom hold by far the biggest share in this sector, and PRC connected entities are not present.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.telesemana.com/panorama-de-mercado/costa-rica/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The official website of the National Authority for Administration and Regulation in Communications (ANCOM), which lists the authorised providers of communications networks and services for Romania(see the URL below)

1. https://www.ancom.ro/lista-furnizorilor-de-comunicatii-autorizati_4186/Pagina/

Supplementary Notes

None of these provide telecom services in Romania

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Moldovan market is small and can accommodate only a handful of telecom operators, none of the current ones being owned by PRC entities

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190617005826/en/Ukraine-Mobile-Infrastructure-Broadband-Operators-Statistics-and-Analyses-2019---ResearchAndMarkets.com

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.chinatelecomeurope.com/
2. https://www.acien-nl.com/member-en/chinaunicom

Supplementary Notes

Some companies (C Unicom & C Telecom) have offices in The Hague, providing international services. They don't seem to offer telecom services to individuals however. Netherlands is often used as a business hub by companies from outside the EU

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No direct evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

"AzerTelecom, China Telecom sign strategic MoU within Digital HUB program" (see below URL) Link

1. https://www.samenacouncil.org/samena_daily_news?news=73097

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili