Economy

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Tajikistan transferred part of the land to China! Russian Sources: Link Link

1. https://rus.azattyq.org/a/china_tajikistan_kazakhstan_kyrgyzstan_land/24350707.html
2. https://www.facebook.com/protivkitay/posts/2266698433464731/

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.dusselpeters.com/146.pdf
2. http://rvlj.com.ve/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Revista-No.-10-lI-19-56.pdf
3. http://miguelangelsantos.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/LIBRO.-FRAGMENTOS-DE-VENEZUELA.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/economia/contratos-petroleros-china-confidenciales-ecuador/
2. https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/economia/china-pone-dificiles-condiciones-para-creditos-ecuador/

Supplementary Notes

Aun cuando los préstamos chinos no han establecido pagos colaterales con espacios de tierras u obras de infraestructura, reportes señalan que existen dos mecanismos de préstamos relacionados a petróleo, unos los denominados Loans for oil (presente también con otros estados), y otros donde se reporta que se han establecido garantías de pago de créditos con petróleo. Esta modalidad es aplicada por la RPC, su Banco de Desarrollo y algunas de sus empresas petroleras.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Revisar la página 26 del primer enlace; revisar la página 27 del segundo enlace.

1. https://bit.ly/3NMGMKp
2. https://bit.ly/3zaW47I

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Taiwan does not have infrastructure built in debt of China.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chiang Min-yen

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As per mid-2021, PRC-connected entities have not requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts. Nevertheless, Indonesia’s increasing dependency on China has raised concerns regarding Indonesia’s ability to repay its debts in due time as seen in the cases of Sri Lanka. So far, Indonesia’s middle power position has enabled Indonesia to gain bargaining power in several of it’s infrastructure projects such as the Jakarta-Bandung high speed railway in which Indonesia managed to gain a lower interest rate and project sovereignty

1. https://theconversation.com/growing-dependence-on-china-is-dangerous-for-indonesia-what-can-be-done-150372#:~:text=Indonesia's%20debt%20to%20China%20stood,failed%20to%20pay%20its%20loan
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzKL9sMCbeI&ab_channel=CSISIndonesia

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-14/singapore-property-dynasty-s-china-deal-becomes-cautionary-tale
2. https://www.thinkchina.sg/singapore-and-suzhou-where-will-journey-lead-us
3. https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2015-02-17_101058.html

Supplementary Notes

Less so PRC firms requisitioning assets, but Singapore firms losing control of assets in China.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has established themselves as a key economic partner, with investments in key infrastructural developments; the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway, the port of Djibouti, the establishment of SEZ's, and upgrading terminals at Bole International Airport.

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The answer to the above is not a resounding no as the risk of Kenya losing its assets over debt to PRC is imminent, as explained by the links.

1. https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-03-15-china-could-seize-mombasa-port-over-sh364bn-sgr-loan/
2. https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/china-to-take-over-kenyas-main-port-over-unpaid-huge-chinese-loan/
3. https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya-assets-risk-seizure-by-Chinese/2560-4870476-prkgwj/index.html

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Currently, China has not taken over the running of key infrastructures due to debt failure but the clause is there in the contract and should be reviewed closely.

1. https://africacheck.org/fact-checks/factsheets/factsheet-unravelling-nigerias-debt-china

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin and Farida Adamu

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest this.

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence was found of PRC-connected entities that requested infrastructure or "land" for the payment of debts.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that PRC-connected entities have demand infrastructure or land for failure to debt payments in Bolivia.

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Argentine crisis challenges Chinese loan repayment (reference 1). There are no reports or news on any Chinese entities having requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure, either from Argentina's national or subnational governments, to repay debts in a timely manner.

1. https://dialogochino.net/es/clima-y-energia-es/30864-crisis-argentina-desafia-el-repago-de-los-prestamos-chinos/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Through an online search no events of requisition for failed to pay were found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.economia.gov.py/application/files/9016/2196/0351/Estadisticas_Deuda_Publica_ABR_2021_version_publicacion_VF_.xlsx

Supplementary Notes

There are no reports on the matter in the public or private sector.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

none of the mentioned cases has been denounced in Chile.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This has not occurred, in part because Colombia has acquired few loans from China.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link (buscar artículo sobre México, página 373)

1. https://www.dusselpeters.com/146.pdf

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence, for this reason we support the answer. However due to Brazil infrastructure companies’ impediments and the region sanitary and economic crisis, local and regional governments in Peru will require to satisfy infrastructure needs (roads and hospital constructions) needs. Surely they will try to negotiate infrastructure projects with PRC entities.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence in media reports so far of any such incident, and it appears highly unlikely.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/3/3/Philippines-debt-trap-pandemic-China-AIIB.html
2. https://www.rappler.com/business/lambino-rejects-china-debt-trap-fears
3. https://www.dof.gov.ph/provisions-in-phl-china-loan-accords-standard-in-all-other-agreements/

Supplementary Notes

There is no known scenario where PRC connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land due to failure to pay debts in a timely manner. There are agreement signed by China and the Philippines that are standard in all other loan accords and is similar even with multilateral institutions such the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• Land encroachment for example in Sihanoukville, Hengfu are there but no evidence is found based on the failure to repay to debt. • Stop the massive landgrabbing by Chinese-owned Hengfu in Cambodia Link • Activists Claim Chinese Investment Fueling Land Disputes in Cambodia Link

1. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/cambodia/displaced-09212020203458.html
2. https://foodsov.org/stop-the-massive-landgrabbing-by-chinese-owned-hengfu-in-cambodia/
3. https://www.voacambodia.com/a/activists-claim-chinese-investment-fueling-land-disputes-in-cambodia/4637185.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence available.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While PRC-connected entities are involved in infrastructure project in Bosnia and Herzegovina, only one of those projects has been fully completed. Consequently, there was little room for PRC-connected entities to requisition infrastructure or land. There is only one critical infrastructure project which may eventually fall under full control by a PRC-related entity and it is related to a lignite mine close to the city of Doboj.[2]

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As explained in indicator 2, PRC entities do not hold a significant amount of Polish debt. Polish government services its foreign debt in a timely manner and Poland has not defaulted on the foreign debt yet. In 2016 Polish Ministry of finance issued so-called panda bonds, but they have been paid in 2019. There are several Chinese state-owned banks running their branches in Poland (BoC, ICBC, China Construction Bank, Haitong Bank). Those banks provide credit services to Polish entities, including during the period covered by this report. However, there is also no information on the significant defaults to Chinese banks, related to those loans. In recent years, PRC banks have mainly provided loans not as a sole creditor, but as a member of financing consortia.

1. https://www.finanse.mf.gov.pl/dlug-publiczny/obligacje-zagraniczne/wyszukiwarka-listow-emisyjnych
2. https://www.gov.pl/attachment/79ba95cd-143a-4b82-a8c4-4feb32f9678d
3. https://archive.vn/YzUi8

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence that the PRC or PRC connected entity has requisitioned infrastructure or land or failure to repay debts in a timely manner.

Answered by Martin Thorley, and has been reviewed by Sam Hogg

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no such occurence.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I found no evidence or reports of such acquisition of infrastructure or lands for failure to repay debts.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Sriparna Pathak

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No public evidence found.

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Insufficient data evidence

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

there's no data to support this indicator

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with government officials show no records of PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure for failure to repay debts

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with staff with staff of ministry of Finance and staff of Chamber of Commerce

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There were false rumours about it in 2018

1. https://www.africanliberty.org/2018/09/10/china-is-taking-over-zambia-national-assets-but-the-nightmare-is-just-starting-for-africa/
2. https://www.theafricareport.com/156470/china-wont-seize-assets-from-african-countries-but-wont-forget-the-debts/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Though Bank of China held lien on Swan Mobile 4G network. Since the debt was repaid in timely manner, no exercise of lien rights occurred

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident of failure to repay debts happened.

1. https://english.news.cn/asiapacific/20220206/2dd9afadea644499b1138c7feb9cdcdd/c.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence to suggest otherwise

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

There has up until now been no public report of such a phenomenon.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NA

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence for this claim.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the report "Turkmenistan says China gas pipeline debt paid off", Turkmen President proudly claims that he has been paying debts to PRC on time.

1. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/turkmenistan-says-china-gas-pipeline-debt-paid-off/articleshow/83459369.cms

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Hasta el momento no hay evidencia de este tipo de situaciones en CR.

1. https://bit.ly/3Mpy7fO

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Romania, there have been no such cases nor loans for infrastructure building or other large projects

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PRC entities did not seize any land or infrastructure in Moldova and this is unlikely to happen. Moldova does not have this type and level of exposure

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://ces.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Chinese-economic-footprint-in-Ukraine-1.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.china-files.com/go-east-speciale-il-2021-delle-relazioni-italia-cina/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not such things are possible in the Netherlands

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not true, even though China is frustrated over unpaid capacity payments in the coal plants it has set up under CPEC. Those outstanding payments by the government of Pakistan run in billions of rupees. But the Chinese have been patient and not threatened to invoke retaliatory claims. The two sides are trying to sort this out through negotiations, instead of arm-twisting.

1. https://www.brecorder.com/news/40159772
2. https://www.dawn.com/news/1709308

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

No publicly available evidence to support this claim. Private business transactions like this would not necessarily be made public.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

No publicly available evidence to support this claim. Private business transactions like this would not necessarily be made public.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.