Economy

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link - The owner of 75% of Poti’s free industrial zone is CEFC LLC, which is Chinese company. Link Hualing Free Industrial Zone expanding by 22 hectares in western Georgia

1. https://transparency.ge/en/blog/developments-around-georgian-ports-what-new
2. https://agenda.ge/en/news/2022/2846

Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Azerbaijan has become the transport and logistics hub of the region due to the implementation of large-scale transport projects. “A free economic zone is created in the surrounding area, including the territory of the new port. This will provide the port with more opportunities for transit and transportation,” - 2019. Link

1. https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/baku-port-closely-cooperates-with-china/

Supplementary Notes

Link In the near future, it is planned to create a joint industrial park in Azerbaijan with China. Link Azerbaijan and China are creating a joint agro-industrial park in the country. Report informs that a memorandum of understanding will be signed today in Baku between Azerbaijan Investment Company and China's CAMCE Company. It was noted that currently the works related to the creation of an agro-industrial park are in the project stage. Link Azerbaijan and China discussed the implementation of new technologies in the field of alternative energy, the provision of appropriate equipment, and the establishment of cooperation for the purpose of creating a zero-emission industrial park. Azerbaijan’s Port on China’s Road (it is going to be a free trade zone there) Link Link Azerbaijan invites Chinese companies to invest in its industrial parks. Link Within the framework of this international forum, Azerbaijani and Chinese companies signed 10 documents in various areas worth 821 million USD. These include the construction of a tire plant in Sumgayit Chemical Industrial Park, the construction of a modern greenhouse complex on 300 hectares in Kurdamir, the creation of agro-logistical industrial parks in Guba, Khachmaz and Goychay, the creation of an Asia-Europe telecommunications corridor under the Azerbaijan Digital HUB program, Link

1. https://report.az/biznes-xeberleri/azerbaycan-cin-senaye-parkinin-yaradilmasi-planlasdirilir/
2. https://report.az/biznes-xeberleri/azerbaycan-ve-cin-olkede-musterek-muessise-yaradir/
3. https://www.azerbaycan24.com/envision-energy-azerbaycanda-sifir-emissiyali-senaye-parki-yarada-biler/
4. https://1news.az/news/20190905010023490-Azerbaijan-s-Port-on-China-s-Road
5. https://reconasia.csis.org/azerbaijans-port-on-chinas-road/
6. http://www.news.cn/english/2021-10/28/c_1310273620.htm
7. https://bakuresearchinstitute.org/en/azerbaijan-china-relations-2/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A free trade zone has been proposed by Astana to stimulate development in the region, modeled on the successful Khorgos model. For more information, visit: Link and Link. It is the first trans-border international free trade zone in the world and also China's first special economic zone, being "within the country, but out of the jurisdiction of its customs." It covers 5.6 square kilometers, with 3.43 square kilometers on the Chinese side and 2.17 square kilometers on the Kazakh side. For further details, visit: Link =It's%20the%20first%20trans%2Dborder,kilometers%20on%20the%20Kazakh%20side.

1. https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2016/07/26/an-inside-look-at-icbc-khorgos-china-and-kazakhstans-cross-border-free-trade-zone/
2. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202302/1285465.shtml#:~:text=It's%20the%20first%20trans%2Dborder,kilometers%20on%20the%20Kazakh%20side.

Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Creates a new special economic zone and expands the existing one On September 13, 2019, a Presidential Decree established the Chirokchi Special Economic Zone in the Kashkadarya region for 30 years. The aim is to promote modern production facilities for the creation of high value-added products and to increase agricultural production and exports. Investors in the new zone will benefit from special tax, customs, and currency regimes. Link The Uzbek company Roodell has started assembling models from the Chinese company Chery at the ADM-Jizzakh plant located in the Jizzakh Free Economic Zone in eastern Uzbekistan. Link

1. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-policy-monitor/measures/3451/uzbekistan-creates-a-new-special-economic-zone-and-expands-the-existing-one
2. https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-growing-economic-power-in-uzbekistan/

Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Parliament later that same year voted to exempt another Chinese company, Kashgar Xinyu Dadi Mining Investment, from all types of taxes and customs duties for a period of seven years. The company was also granted development rights over a silver deposit in the high-altitude Pamir region. Link The Tajik parliament continued to grant tax exemptions for Chinese firms investing in the country, although investment laws are applied inconsistently. According to statistics from the Ministry of Commerce of China, there are more than 300 Chinese enterprises in Tajikistan. These investments are mainly related to agriculture, mining, textiles, telecom, and cement, among other sectors. Link

1. https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-the-cost-of-chinese-debt
2. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-tajikistan-bilateral-investment-and-trade-ties/

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Artur Baiterekov, head of Kyrgyzstan's Naryn Free Economic Zone, told RFE/RL on February 17 that the deal with China has been rescinded. The Kyrgyz-Chinese Ata-Bashi Free Economic Zone Joint Venture also announced on February 17 that the contract had been annulled because "it is not possible to work on a long-term large project in circumstances" where part of the local population opposes the construction of the logistics center.

1. https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyz-authorities-cancel-chinese-investment-project-amid-protests/30441324.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Aqaba economic zone Link H.E. Chen Chuandong, Chinese Ambassador to Jordan, paid a visit to the Aqaba Special Economic Zone on January 24. The Ambassador said that he hoped ASEZA would continue to provide a favorable policy and commercial environment for Chinese businesses and investors. Link

1. https://www.oboreurope.com/en/neom-and-the-bri/
2. http://jo.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/dtxw/202201/t20220127_10635272.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“While Egyptians sank into ever-greater poverty over the past five years, Sisi has poured resources into vanity megaprojects such as building a new administrative capital in the desert 30 miles east of Cairo at an estimated cost of $58 billion. Not only did Egypt not need a new capital, but the site made it inaccessible to most citizens as well as extremely problematic from a water consumption point of view. The city is being built by a military company with significant Chinese investment. As of spring 2019, the Egyptian general in charge of the project said that some $9 billion had already been spent on the city’s infrastructure.” Link Link "The Chinese business presence in Egypt is concentrated in industrial zones, free trade zones, and financial centers. Since the late 2000s, Chinese firms have shown interest in Egypt serving as a regional manufacturing hub." Link “The two deals will bring more to the SCZone, where the Chinese industrial zone TEDA in Ain Sokhna has already yielded fruitful results and is "a model to learn from," said Gaballah...He stressed that the success of the projects will encourage other economies to invest in the SCZone, which will push the development of the area swiftly, noting that the progress of the Chinese industrial zone in Ain Sokhna has encouraged more cooperation between Egypt and China.” Link Link "China's economic incursion into the Suez Canal industrial zone may seem to be a commonplace foreign investment, but the issue has a worrisome strategic dimension, Egyptian waterways specialist Rifaat al-Arab told Al-Mashareq." Link COSCO was granted a 30-year concession and a 25% stake in Ain Sokhna's upcoming terminal. Located near that terminal is the Suez Canal Economic Zone, expanded in 2016 with significant Chinese investment. The Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA), another Chinese state-owned enterprise, constructed an industrial park inside the zone that accommodates more than 140 companies. In recent months, Egypt has secured investment deals with Chinese companies worth over $8 billion for the Suez Canal Economic Zone. Link Since its establishment, SCZone has already attracted several investors. For instance, China’s Tianjin Economic-Technical Development Area (TEDA) Corporation, a Chinese state-owned entity that specializes in developing free zones in China, agreed with the SCZone Authority. In addition, the Chinese company Jushi signed a contract for planned expansions by the company in Ain Sokhna zone with an investment of US$60 million in an area of 90,000 square meters. Link Over $3 billion in Chinese investments in Suez Canal Economic Zone.  Link Chinese company Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes (000778.SZ) intends to invest $2 billion in iron and steel plants in the Suez Canal Economic Zone. The plants are planned in an industrial zone at the Egyptian Red Sea port of Ain Sokhna developed by China's Tianjin TEDA, and will manufacture iron pipes and steel products including for export.

1. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/09/09/egypt-trends-in-politics-economics-and-human-rights-pub-82677
2. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/15/the-competition-for-egypt-china-the-west-and-mega-projects
3. https://www.mei.edu/publications/towering-ambitions-egypt-and-china-building-future
4. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-08/04/c_1310105703.htm
5. http://www.news.cn/english/2021-09/29/c_1310217649.htm
6. https://www.mei.edu/publications/chinas-growing-maritime-presence-egypts-ports-and-suez-canal
7. https://www.tamimi.com/law-update-articles/egypts-special-economic-zones-an-attractive-investment-opportunity/
8. https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/ports/over-3-billion-chinese-investments-suez-canal-economic-zone
9. https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/chinas-xinxing-invest-2-bln-suez-canal-economic-zone-egyptian-cabinet-2023-03-23/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"In September 2018, a memorandum of understanding was signed between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Lebanon on “joint promotion of cooperation within the framework of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Maritime Silk Road Initiative for the Twenty-first Century.” The memorandum stipulates the cooperation of the two sides in areas of common interest, including Transport, logistics and infrastructure, investment and trade, energy, renewable energy and cultural exchange between peoples, health and sports. Two agreements were signed for the Special Economic Zone in Tripoli with the Chinese Chamber of Commerce and the Ningchuan Technological Zone. It is worth noting the constant communication between the Chamber of Tripoli and North Lebanon and the Chinese Embassy in Lebanon in terms of enhancing joint capabilities to help launch major investment projects. The memorandum stipulates the cooperation of the two sides in areas of mutual interest, including transport, logistics, infrastructure, investment and trade, energy, renewable energy, cultural exchange between peoples, health and sports." Link Link 2019 - The two countries signed two memorandums of understanding for promotion of Chinese investment and collaboration on Lebanon's industrial zones and the creation of the China Arab Arbitration Center. Gao Yan, Chairwoman of CCPIT speaks at the Forum that "CCPIT in Lebanon will cooperate with Lebanese chambers to improve commercial and trade ties between Lebanon and China". She also called upon Chinese companies to invest in Lebanon's industrial zones. Gao's remarks aimed at drawing a roadmap for the future of cooperation between Lebanon and China on various levels.

1. https://uabonline.org/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%88/
2. https://www.srcic.org/news/china-lebanon-investment-forum/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"In 2022, Zamiin-uud free economic zone which borders PRC, modernized and expanded trade infrastructure with 58.8 million USD non-refundable aid from PRC. He said, ""It has been 20 years since the establishment of the legal framework of the free zone. Currently, there are three free zones established: Tsagaanuur, Altanbulag, and Zamyn-Uud. However, during this period, the goals have not been fulfilled sufficiently. Link"

1. https://ikon.mn/n/2lb8

Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Panama has established several special economic zones and relaxed regulatory restrictions in preexisting zones in order to attract business from China, including Huawei. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/26/colon-panama-counterfeiting-contraband-cocaine
2. https://www.zolicol.gob.pa/china-busca-mas-presencia-en-zona-libre-para-conectarse-con-la-region/
3. https://www.panamaamerica.com.pa/economia/panama-pacifico-seduce-inversionistas-de-china-1151771

Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Peru has 4 Special Development Zones located in the departments of Piura in the north and Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna in the south, which make up the Special Economic Zones of Peru.Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/mincetur/informes-publicaciones/1102011-zonas-economicas-especiales-del-peru-zee-espanol-e-ingles
2. https://elcomercio.pe/economia/peru/empresa-china-invertira-us-300-millones-planta-acero-zed-paita-noticia-nndc-564763-noticia/
3. https://apam-peru.com/web/zona-especial-de-paita-logra-atraer-capitales-chinos/

Supplementary Notes

The Special Economic Zones (SEZ) or Economic Development Zones (ZED) that have been developed in Peru aim to attract foreign capital. The main areas currently export raw materials to China and the United States. In these areas there is strong interest from Chinese businessmen, such as the case of the construction of a steel plant in the ZED Paita by Chinese capital.

Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In his most recent visit to the PRC, the venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro signed some Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) woth chinese officials to promote cooperation in three Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in Venezuela. Also, Venezuelan government has created a legal framework to attract foreign direct investent to its SEZ. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/480488-maduro-plantea-zonas-economicas-china-venezuela
2. https://www.reuters.com/world/china-venezuela-sign-agreements-economy-trade-tourism-2023-09-13/
3. http://gb.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgyw/202312/t20231222_11209825.htm
4. https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/venezuela-econom%C3%ADa_nicol%C3%A1s-maduro-decreta-la-activaci%C3%B3n-de-cuatro--zonas-econ%C3%B3micas-especiales--en-venezuela/48727816
5. https://observatorio.gob.ve/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Ley-organica-de-las-zonas-economicas-especiales.pdf
6. https://mppre.gob.ve/2023/08/10/zonas-economicas-especiales-impulsan-economia-real-diversificada/#:~:text=En%20este%20sentido%2C%20se%20crearon,Tortuga%20(Territorio%20Insular%20Miranda)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

yes

1. http://www.focac.org/eng/zfgx_4/zzjw/202108/t20210818_9153867.htm

Supplementary Notes

China has become Gambia's largest trading partner. In 2020, bilateral trade volume between the two countries reached $570 million.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is mentioned in this article that Algeria is preparing to launch free trade zone in partnership with China.

1. https://www.aps.dz/ar/economie/162228-2024-05-16-14-37-49#:~:text=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%20%2D%20%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82,%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%2C%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8%20%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A.

Supplementary Notes

I did not find many evidence, but it seems with the latest round of investment, there iwll be free trade zones in the plans, as mentioned by this article.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) has been awarded to build the "Chinese Economic and Industrial Zone (CEIZ)" on a G2G basis (direct procurement without tender) on 784 acres of land in Anwara upazila of Chattogram. Bangladesh plans to establish 100 green economic zones to lure foreign investment and to generate 10 million jobs by 2041. China is the top investor in three economic zones already setup in different places in Bangladesh.

1. https://beza.gov.bd/chinese-economic-industrial-zone/
2. https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/chinese-firm-gets-cabinet-bodys-nod-set-economic-zone-ctg-3396036
3. https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/economy/bangladesh/china-top-investor-in-bangladeshs-economic-zones-1610506680
4. https://www.thedailystar.net/business/news/mirsarai-economic-zone-set-open-next-month-1816582
5. https://www.tbsnews.net/bangla/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF/news-details-164510

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

At least two laws, from 2019 and 2020, have reportedly been adopted with the purpose of facilitating PRC-related entities' projects in Serbia. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://reri.org.rs/kineske-investicije-u-srbiji-narusavaju-vladavinu-prava/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has invested in several organised industrial sites in Turkey and they are looking for investing more. For instance, China’s tech giant Vivo has invested 25 million US dollars in Gebze Organized Industrial Site. Chinese companies and government plan to use Turkish industrial sites for reaching European markets more easily. In 2010, the Chinese government announced that it may invest 5 billion US dollars in Turkish industrial sites. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://beyazgazete.com/haber/2020/12/2/cin-den-turkiye-hamlesi-dev-yatirimla-geliyorlar-5862494.html
2. https://www.sabah.com.tr/ekonomi/2020/12/02/cinliler-160-fabrikalik-arsa-istiyor
3. http://yenierdekgazetesi.com/haber/balikesire_cinden_dev_yat-6540.html
4. https://www.webtekno.com/vivo-turkiye-uretimlerine-basliyor-h109311.html
5. https://www.mersinhaberci.com/haber/46602/cinliler-mersin-tarsus-osbyi-inceledi.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, special economic zones are an important aspect of Phase 2 of CPEC.

1. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2426595/sezs-to-offer-incentives-for-chinese-investment

Answered by Shahzeb Jillani, and has been reviewed by Shahzada Zulfiqar

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Nigeria has free trade zone (Lekki Free Zone) for China-Nigeria Trade.

1. https://www.cas-expo.org.cn/en/newsDet.html?id=1495

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It was reported that activities are underway to make Gada Special Economic Zone part of the Road and Belt Initiative by attracting more Chinese investors to the center.

1. https://www.fanabc.com/english/gada-special-economic-zone-chinas-ccecc-sign-mou/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kenya has built special economic zones in Naivasha and Dogo Kundu. Statements from the government have indicated that part of the intention is to attract Chinese investment. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://en.imsilkroad.com/p/333717.html
2. https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2023/09/kenya-woos-chinese-investors-into-industrial-parks/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Singapore has established industrial parks and other large, city-scale special economic cooperative arrangements in the PRC. These arrangements expose Singapore investment in the PRC, including taxpayer monies given the role of the SIngapore state in these projects. The four sites are Suzhou, Chongqing, Tianjin, and Guangzhou. The Monetary Authority of Singapore, Singapore's central bank, maintained a currency swap agreement with the People's Bank of China, the PRC's central bank, for RMB since 2019. The amount made available for the swap is RMB300 million/SGD65 million. There are also agreements to enable tourists from each country to use electronic RMB as a form of payment (e-CNY) along with the linking of Singapore's PayNow electronic payment system with the PRC's UnionPay for individual transactions.

1. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/advertorial/27-years-and-counting-suzhou-industrial-park-goes-strength-strength-2381056
2. https://www.suzhou.gov.cn/szsenglish/gyyq/202108/7fdbdb71544b401e8713bd03cf5f97ef.shtml
3. https://www.mnd.gov.sg/tianjinecocity/who-we-are
4. http://www.tianjineco-city.com/static/web/en/about1.html
5. https://www.imda.gov.sg/about-imda/international-relations/international-partnerships/china-singapore-demonstration-initiative-on-strategic-connectivity
6. https://www.ichongqing.info/business/opening-up-platforms/cci/
7. https://www.straitstimes.com/business/singapore-and-chongqing-deepen-collaboration-in-financial-services-healthcare-and-other-sectors
8. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-5th-cci-fs-opened-in-chongqing-and-singapore-advancing-green-and-sustainable-finance-301803790.html
9. https://www.allenandgledhill.com/sg/publication/articles/23547/and-seek-to-strengthen-collaboration-in-green-and-transition-finance-and-financial-connectivity
10. https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2023/financial-connectivity-between-singapore-and-the-western-region-of-china-strengthens
11. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/singapore-china-project-in-guangzhou-to-speed-up-expansion
12. https://www.ssgkc.com
13. https://www.capitaland.com/en/find-a-property/global-property-listing/integrateddevelopment-urbandevelopment/china-singapore-guangzhou-knowledge-city.html
14. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/ssguangzhoukc.html
15. https://www.clc.gov.sg/research-publications/publications/urban-systems-studies/view/sino-singapore-guangzhou-knowledge-city-a-new-paradigm-in-collaboration
16. https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2022/monetary-authority-of-singapore-and-peoples-bank-of-china-further-renew-bilateral-currency-swap-arrangement#:~:text=The%20Monetary%20Authority%20of%20Singapore,of%20five%20years%2C%20until%202027.
17. http://www.pbc.gov.cn/en/3688241/3688636/3688657/3824339/index.html
18. http://www.pbc.gov.cn/en/3688241/3688636/3688657/4607022/index.html
19. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/upgraded-singapore-china-free-trade-agreement-24-signed-annual-top-level-meeting-3972101

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are several special economic zones, for example Mong Cai Collaboration Economic Zone in Vietnam's Quang Ning province which borders with China's Dongxing city (Guangxi province). Also during the visit of Xi Jinping in Vietnam (Dec 2023), both countries signed documents pledging to strengthen their cooperation in economic zones. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://relinconsultants.com/vietnam-free-zones/
2. https://www.voanews.com/a/vietnam-wary-of-china-s-swift-large-scale-investment/7416324.html
3. https://vovworld.vn/en-US/economy/vietnamchina-crossborder-economic-collaboration-zone-to-be-piloted-in-quang-ninh-1236797.vov

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Zimbabwe has exempted Chinese-owned from a nationalization law that requires locals to own 51 per cent of businesses.

1. https://thechinaproject.com/2023/08/29/chinas-many-projects-in-zimbabwe-its-all-weather-friend/

Answered by Ernest Mudzengi, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

On April 7, 2023, the upgrade and expansion of the Malaysia-China Kuantan Industrial Park and the centralized commencement ceremony for major projects were held. Li Yanqiang, chairman of Guangxi Beibu Gulf International Port Group, introduced that the future industrial park will build a multi-zone development model, focusing on new materials, new energy vehicles and power batteries, electronics, equipment manufacturing and other fields. The interactive development of the industrial park builds a cross-border industrial chain, supply chain and financial chain.

1. https://en.vietnamplus.vn/malaysia-china-further-step-up-economic-cooperation/270205.vnp

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are 19 investment promotion agencies in the Philippines tasked to entice foreign investment, including the Philippine Economic Zone Authority, which is tasked with administering and managing SEZs in the country. To date, a total of 164 Chinese companies/projects are registered in PEZA generating Php 25.822 Billion investments (as of May 2023) and creating 16,221 direct jobs (as of March 2023). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.dti.gov.ph/archives/news-archives/ipas-industry-stakeholders-back-rcep-senate-concurrence/
2. https://www.peza.gov.ph/press-releases/peza-anticipates-more-chinese-investments-ph-completion-20th-caexpo#:~:text=To%20date%2C%20a%20total%20of,(as%20of%20March%202023)

Supplementary Notes

- Significance of these numbers to address the indicator (nagrelax ba ng regulations, etc)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese capital is increasingly flowing into Thailand's Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), and the Thai government is actively seeking to attract more Chinese investment. The EEC is a strategic initiative aimed at promoting Thailand's development across multiple industries in its eastern coastal regions by enhancing links with international markets. The project aligns closely with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), creating a strong foundation for bilateral cooperation. Chinese investments, particularly in the electric vehicle (EV) sector, have played a key role in boosting Thailand's economy and supporting its green development goals in recent years, according to the head of the EEC. These investments are crucial for Thailand's efforts to advance its industrial capabilities and sustainable growth.

1. https://mgronline.com/stockmarket/detail/9620000086366
2. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10225706.2024.2308901#:~:text=The%20Eastern%20Economic%20Corridor%20(EEC,and%20Road%20Initiative%20(BRI)
3. https://www.eeco.or.th/en/news-release-pr/623

Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Myanmar has established the Kyauk-Phyu economic zone, Shwe Kokko Economic Zone, Mandalay industrial park along wth other industrial zone to attract PRC investments and rely on the investment of PRC. Additionally, the Myikyina special economic zone, Kenpikeiti Economic Cooperation Zone, Muse Economic Cooperation Zone, Chinshwehaw Cooperation Economic Zone are also bing established with the PRC related entities.

1. https://www.rfa.org/english/commentaries/myanmar-china-sez-09292023151501.html
2. https://www.irrawaddy.com/opinion/analysis/shwe-kokko-how-myanmars-crime-hub-is-destabilizing-the-region.html
3. https://www.moi.gov.mm/moi:eng/news/11573.
4. https://www.myanmaritv.com/news/coordination-meeting-points-included-moa-thoroughly-discussed
5. https://news.iresearch.cn/yx/2023/02/461709.shtml
6. https://www.maritimegateway.com/china-and-myanmar-to-develop-border-economic-zones/
7. https://news.iresearch.cn/yx/2023/02/461709.shtml

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Almost the entire Mbale industrial park was given to a PRC investment group.

1. https://www.ugandainvest.go.ug/uganda-investment-authority-kickstarts-key-infrastructure-development-in-mbale-industrial-park/
2. https://www.theigc.org/sites/default/files/2022/09/Asiimwe_Impacts-of-special-economic-zones-on-Ugandas-economic-performance.pdf

Answered by Agather Atuhaire, and has been reviewed by Abdou Rahim Lema

Answer

Supporting Evidence

So far, two cases can be highlighted: the Manga-Mungassa ZEE in Beira/Sofala created in 2012 and the Green Industrial Park of Mozambique also in Sofala and announced in 2023. In the Manga-Mungassa ZEE, there is Dingsheng International Investments. The company Eternal Tsingshan Group Limited is present in the second case

1. https://mznews.co.mz/en/mocambique-recebe-projecto-de-40-mil-milhoes-de-dolares-de-consorcio-chines/
2. https://mpoverello.com/2014/07/22/chinese-invest-us260-million-in-mozambican-sez/

Answered by Sérgio Chichava, and has been reviewed by Tomé Bambo

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The "Luanda-Bengo Special Economic Zone" has been signaled as SEZ that could attract investment by Chinese corporations.

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-04/14/c_137976734.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

To provide support for Chinese investment in Indonesia, the majority of which are under the umbrella of the Belt and Road Initiative megaproject, the Indonesian government has developed several Special Economic Zones/business corridors in several regions such as in Sulawesi, North Sumatra, Bali and North Kalimantan. The government also imposed a tax holiday for investors in this special industrial area sector although this was heavily criticized due to environmental problems caused by Chinese investment of poor standards.

1. https://indonesiaexpat.id/business-property/government-channel-chinese-investment-special-economic-zone/
2. https://en.tempo.co/read/1199438/indonesia-china-discussing-kuala-tanjung-in-belt-and-road-summit
3. https://bplawyers.co.id/en/2020/03/30/list-of-special-economic-zones-in-indonesia/
4. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20221110112758-19-386686/tax-holiday-smelter-china-disebut-merugikan-negara-benarkah
5. https://www.cambridgeassociates.com/insight/esg-challenges-and-opportunities-in-chinese-equities/

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Incheon Free Economic Zone and other FEZs are intended to attract investment from China, but certainly not exclusively.

1. http://fez.go.kr/global/en/area/ifez.do

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Saudi has established Jazan Special Economic Zone to attract Chinese investments.

1. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/how-small-saudi-city-explains-chinas-role-saudi-iran-agreement
2. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-7796-1_31

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Cambodia has established 20+ SEZs etc across the country in order to facilitate Chinese (and to a lesser extent other) investment. These are more prominent in the south, particularly Sihanoukville.

1. https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501379750/cambodias-special-economic-zone-decade-of-remarkable-transformation-under-bri/
2. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/sezs-drive-26b-exports-2011

Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2016, Israel and the PRC established the China-Israel Changzhou Innovation Park. This bi-national governmental initiative provides a unique platform for Israeli industrial companies seeking to enter the Chinese market. The park remains active in 2023.

1. https://innovationisrael.org.il/en/program/china-israel-changzhou-innovation-park-cip-initiative

Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Chinese aluminum company announced plans to invest $100 million to develop an aluminum industrial zone in Armenia. Link - It can be said that the Chinese side would also be represented at the site of the free trade zone in the Syunik region (Meghri Free Zone), either in the form of various Chinese companies or in terms of attracting Chinese investment, or to enter into a separate agreement on free trade between Armenia and China,similar to the PRC’s agreements with other states abound. Link"

1. https://gop-foreignaffairs.house.gov/china-regional-snapshot-eastern-europe-the-south-caucasus/
2. https://orbeli.am/en/post/214/2019-05-22/Armenian-Chinese+relations"

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Belarus and China have agreed to continuously expand mutual investment and promote cooperation with assistance of the private sector and financial institutions. Link

1. http://law.by/news/legal-news/2023/mart/73445/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

1. http://www.asamblea.go.cr/sd/Lists/Archivo_Leyes/DispForm.aspx?ID=97
2. https://www.imprentanacional.go.cr/pub/2016/06/16/ALCA99_16_06_2016.pdf
3. https://www.nacion.com/economia/negocios/china-pide-obras-y-servicios-para-instalar-zona-economica-especial/4OPIQJECSVA7BJEZD34JWA5ZLA/story/

Supplementary Notes

In 2015, the presidency of Luis Guillermo Solís signed a memorandum of understanding with China to develop a joint feasibility study leading to the creation of a Special Economic Zone model. In 2016, the Law of Approval of the Agreement between the Government of Costa Rica and the PRC for the "promotion and protection of investments" was published in La Gaceta, the official gazette. And in 2017, China stated that before installing a Special Economic Zone, the modernisation of the port of Caldera must take place.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese companies are subjected to the same regulations as any national or foreign companies. This is except for a couple of examples that date up to 2015.

1. https://www.camara.cl/prensa/sala_de_prensa_detalle.aspx?prmid=108465
2. https://www.fne.gob.cl/fne-aprueba-consorcio-entre-isa-transelec-y-china-southern-power-grid-para-construir-linea-de-transmision-kimal-lo-aguirre/

Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Most of the Chinese investments in Ecuador were carried out through oil loan schemes, which is why there was no need to create or develop new Special Economic Zones (SEZ).

Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Supplementary Notes

"This has not occurred. There is no economic decentralization that would allow local governments to make such moves, nor have there been any zones created by the national Colombian government for these purposes. "

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There were in the past but they went bankrupt

1. https://www.magcentre.fr/247082-chateauroux-quand-la-chine-plie-bagage/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2017, there was a pledge linked to the development of a large-scale smart city, Saint Sophia. The mega project foresees the construction of a tourist and entertainment near the town of Elin Pelin. The total amount of investment is planned to reach €750 million. According to the Bulgarian Investment Promotion Act, priority investments benefit from a number of state-granted incentives, including shorter administrative procedures, easier acquisitions of properties, state aid for investments in production and science, concessions for labor costs. Last year, it became clear that this investment won't be realized.

1. https://balkaninsight.com/2017/08/09/bulgaria-extends-support-for-chinese-smart-city-near-sofia-08-08-2017/
2. https://money.bg/economics/parviyat-umen-grad-v-evropa-tryabvashe-da-e-do-sofiya-no-nyama-da-se-sluchi.html

Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest this is the case.

Supplementary Notes

The only noteworthy case is a planned "China Austria Industrial Park" which was announced back in 2006 but never came to fruition.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://autocracyanalyst.net/hungary-pilots-special-economic-zones/

Supplementary Notes

Hungary has established Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to attract foreign investment, including (but not specially) from the PRC.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Bosnia and Herzegovina does have free (special) economic zones, but so far they have not been sucessfull in the atraction of the China FDI, or other economic activities

1. https://www.klix.ba/biznis/privreda/zone-slobodne-trgovine-u-bih-kao-sansa-za-olaksanje-poslovanja-kompanijama/220606074

Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observationof the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The former government of North Macedonia led by the right wing VMRO DPMNE party, in power from 2006 to 2016, had expressed on several occasions plans to open such a free zone to attract Chinese businesses. However, this did not come to fruition and individuals from the business sector have told us that the zones were never established mainly due to a lack of Chinese interest at that time. The current Social Democrat-led governments, from 2017 onwards, have not shown public interest for relaxing regulations or setting up special economic zones particularly for Chinese investors.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Supplementary Notes

Portugal has tried to attract foreign investment in general and not specifically from the PRC.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As a member of the European Union, Romania cannot sign bilateral FTAs. Romania didn't have a free trade agreement with the PRC before joining the EU

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Moldova has several free economic zones, but none of them specifically target PRC entities. The Moldovan ambassador in Beijing however continues to advertise them to PRC businesses, although the prospect is unrealistic

1. https://noi.md/md/interviuri/dumitru-braghis-moldova-trebuie-sa-devina-veriga-de-legatura-intre-china-si-europa

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon and I'm not sure this indicator is applicable to Italy.

1. https://www.agenziacoesione.gov.it/zes-zone-economiche-speciali/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon and I'm not sure this indicator is applicable to the Netherlands or EU member states.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

However the mining concessions to PRC related entities have been really fast in comparison with other licensing requests. Sourece: Link

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It depends on how Afghanistan gains regional trust in making such efforts, particularly given the current political uncertainty under the Taliban-controlled government. Afghanistan has partnered with the Chord Group to establish Special Economic Zones (SEZs). This initiative aims to attract foreign investments and develop Afghanistan’s economy.

1. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-and-afghanistan-bilateral-trade-relationship-and-future-outlook/
2. www.gulfnews.com

Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. NO LINK

Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.india-briefing.com/news/india-fdi-policy-china-companies-associated-entities-security-concerns-approvals-25534.html/
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20240119091315/https://www.india-briefing.com/news/india-fdi-policy-china-companies-associated-entities-security-concerns-approvals-25534.html/

Supplementary Notes

The India parliament pass the Special Economic Zones Act in 2005 and it came into force in 2006 and provides a number of regulations for creation of economic activity, however they are not focused on attracting investment from PRC. India is actually putting more restrictions on investments from countries that share a border with India aimed primarily at China.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Sriparna Pathak

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Legislative Yuan once introduced the two-stage free economic pilot zones in 2014. However, the bill of Special Act for Free Economic Pilot Zones hasn't passed, but the reserved favorable treatments never be in effect. In April 2019, the Special Act was edited and introduced again in the Legislative Yuan.

1. https://misq.ly.gov.tw/MISQ//IQuery/misq5000QueryBillDetail.action?billNo=1030508070200500
2. https://misq.ly.gov.tw/MISQ/IQuery/misq5000QueryBillDetail.action?billNo=1080315070200600
3. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/120234

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The searches found no evidence that the Brazilian government removed or relaxed regulatory restrictions or established special economic zones to attract Chinese investment.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no obversation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the surveyed period there were only a few investments of limited value made by PRC related entities in Poland. Those investments were treated on par with investments from other countries. No special zones were established. Chinese investors were eligible for some tax breaks or other forms od state aid but those perks were no better than offered to investors from other countries Examples of the major Chinese investments in Poland in surveyed period: Shein: Link Yangtze Optical Fiber Link Minth Group: Link Capchem GTHR early stage (before 2022) Link Capchem and GHTR – factories launch: Link

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20230726162502/https://www.dlahandlu.pl/e-commerce/wiadomosci/shein-szuka-pracownikow-w-polsce-ile-mozna-zarobic,120388.html
2. https://archive.ph/BPeLG
3. https://archive.ph/FIVdc
4. https://web.archive.org/web/20230918134240/https://www.wojsko-polskie.pl/aszwoj/u/f5/4b/f54be7ee-a653-4527-9dcd-a20dd97b0856/2021-06_analiza_osrodka_badan_azji_-_trudne_poczatki_chinskich_inwestycji_z_branzy_elektromobilnosci_w_polsce.pdf
5. https://archive.ph/9WGB4

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An agreement exists between Nepal and China to create SEZs Kerung (China) and Nuwakot (Nepal) closer to the Sino-Nepal border. It is in the format of an agreement signed as of now. There has been no progress forward. Assessing Nepal’s economic deals with China (orfonline.org)

1. https://www.tibetanreview.net/no-shipment-even-after-seven-years-of-nepal-china-intl-trade-transit-deal

Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Ambassador Vijay Kant Karna

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is investing in Special Economic Zones in the Russian Federation. Currently, tax relief is at the stage of discussions and proposals.

1. https://mashnews.ru/kitaj-gotov-vlozhitsya-v-rossijskie-spg-proektyi.-no-tolko-vzamen-na-nalogovyie-lgotyi.html
2. https://old.oblgazeta.ru/economics/59436/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Nothing has been founded yet but interest in founding an industrial park has been recorded in late 2023

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20240214042724/
2. https://www.nbr.co.nz/business/chinese-owned-science-park-developer-comes-to-nz-with-big-ideas/

Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The DRC has put in place special economic zone but NOT FOR the purpose to attract PRC investments, but to attract differents investments, chinese included.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Alfred Bulakali

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not at the moment, but in the discussion.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202309/t20230907_11139831.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

There is an agreement to promote investments, and this relationship benefits from the Free Trade Zones. 25% of the products of these FTZs are to China. However, these FTZ's exist prior to the strengthening of China-Uruguay relations. Link

1. https://www.efe.com/efe/america/cono-sur/uruguay-firma-acuerdo-con-china-para-promover-las-relaciones-comerciales/50000553-2738801

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

In El Salvador, everything revolves around the China-El Salvador cooperation agreement thus far: Link

1. https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/node/11239

Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I do not find any evidence to answer this question.

Answered by Ryohei Suzuki, and has been reviewed by Maiko Ichihara and Yuki Moritarni

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Qatari government has not specifically set a policy to relax special economic zones in an effort to attract investment from China, but more broadly the GCC has done this to partner with China.

1. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-7796-1_31
2. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-and-the-gcc-bilateral-trade-and-economic-engagement/
3. https://qspace.qu.edu.qa/handle/10576/17131?show=full
4. https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/publications/documents/report-on-chinese-investors-confidence-in-the-middle-east.pdf

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of this phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this statement.

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim.

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Senegal has established special economic zones to attract foreign investment, including from China. Senegal is working to improve its overall business environment and has a new public-private partnership framework to accelerate major investments. While not specifically targeting Chinese investment, this demonstrates Senegal's efforts to attract foreign investment more broadly. This indicator is skipped because China does not attract greater benefits compared with other trading partners based on the information that is available.

1. https://invest221.sn/pourquoi-investir-au-senegal/
2. https://www.seneweb.com/news/Societe/partenariat-entre-l-rsquo-apix-et-e-road_n_427080.html

Answered by , and has been reviewed by