Economy

Answer

Supporting Evidence

free trade agreement, signed in 2017 Link

1. https://www.freetradezone.ge/georgia-china-free-trade-agreement

Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

People's Republic of China-EU Free Trade Agreement (Latvia is one of the members) Link

1. https://aric.adb.org/fta/peoples_republic_of_china-eu_free_trade_agreement

Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China signed free trade agreement with Eurasian Economic Union which Armenia is the member… Link

1. https://aric.adb.org/fta/peoples-republic-of-china-eurasian-economic-union-free-trade-agreement

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China signed a free trade agreement (FTA) with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) today in Astana, Kazakhstan, as we indicated would occur earlier in the week.

1. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-fta-eaeu-will-improve-market-access-eu/

Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Tajikistan and China signed their first FTA in 2018

1. https://www.bascd.org/tajikistan-free-trade-agreements/

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

People's Republic of China-Eurasian Economic Union Free Trade Agreement, with Kyrgyzstan as a member.

1. https://aric.adb.org/fta/peoples-republic-of-china-eurasian-economic-union-free-trade-agreement

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Lebanon has signed a bilateral investment agreement with China Link The Government of the Lebanese Republic and the Government of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Contracting Parties), Intending to create favorable conditions for investments by investors of one Contracting Party in the territory of the other Contracting Party, Recognizing that the reciprocal encouragement, promotion, and protection of such investments will be conducive to stimulating business initiative of the investors and will increase prosperity in both States, Desiring to intensify the economic cooperation of both States based on equality and mutual benefits, Have agreed - Link Link Lebanon has signed bilateral investment agreements with China.

1. https://www.privacyshield.gov/article?id=Lebanon-Trade-Agreements
2. https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/dsa-library/Resources/4182/Asia_BIT_Lebanon_China.pdf
3. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/lebanon-trade-agreements

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"The Eurasian Economic Union consisting of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan has following free trade agreements with China. Link On October 25, 2019 the Agreement on Economic and Trade cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the People's Republic of China Source: Link "

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bilateral_free_trade_agreements
2. https://mfa.gov.by/en/export/traderegimes/

Supplementary Notes

Belarus and China have agreed to continuously expand mutual investment and promote cooperation with assistance of the private sector and financial institutions. Link

1. http://law.by/news/legal-news/2023/mart/73445/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Laura Chinchilla's administration signed a Free Trade Agreement in 2010. In 2018, during Carlos Alvarado's mandate, the Belt and Road Initiative was signed; and the government of Rodrigo Chaves signed a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA). Therefore, this indicator deserves a ""yes"" response."

1. https://www.comex.go.cr/tratados/china/

Supplementary Notes

In 2018, during Carlos Alvarado's term in office, the Belt and Road Initiative was signed; and the government of Rodrigo Chaves signed a Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Since April 2010, the Free Trade Agreement between Peru and China came into effect. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://www.acuerdoscomerciales.gob.pe/En_Vigencia/China/inicio.html

Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chile was one of the first countries in the world to establish an FTA with China (which came into effect in 2005), the deal has been updated since, and remains one of Chile's most important achievements in relation with its current trade grid and growth on exports. Since 2014, the country also has a deal with Hong Kong, which has different conditions. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.subrei.gob.cl/sala-de-prensa/noticias/detalle-noticias/2019/02/28/entra-en-vigencia-internacional-la-modernizacion-del-tlc-entre-chile-y-china#:~:text=Santiago%2C%2028%20de%20febrero%20de,mayor%20socio%20comercial%20de%20Chile
2. https://www.subrei.gob.cl/acuerdos-comerciales/acuerdos-comerciales-vigentes/china/
3. https://www.subrei.gob.cl/acuerdos-comerciales/acuerdos-comerciales-vigentes/hong-kong

Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As of May 10, 2023, the official FTA document was signed, which according to the information provided will allow preferential access to 99.6% of Ecuador's current exports to China, so that they enter the Asian country with 0% tariffs. Threrefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.produccion.gob.ec/tratado-de-libre-comercio-ecuador-china/
2. https://gk.city/2023/01/04/tratado-libre-comercio-china-ecuador-explicado/

Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

yes

1. http://www.focac.org/eng/zfgx_4/zzjw/202108/t20210818_9153867.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Algiers and Beijing signed 19 cooperation agreements July 2023

1. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/07/algeria-china-sign-19-agreements-during-tebbounes-visit-including-energy
2. https://bnnbreaking.com/politics/algeria-and-china-sign-joint-work-program-for-2024-to-enhance-bilateral-cooperation/
3. https://www.mfa.gov.dz/ar/press-and-information/news-and-press-releases/algeria-china-sign-2nd-five-year-comprehensive-strategic-cooperation-plan-2022-2026
4. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/53/algeria---china-bit-1996-

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Provided links show partnerships that companies from Bosnia and Herzegovina have established with PRC-connected entities.

1. https://archive.ph/BwBBF
2. https://its.ba/2021/01/15/novo-partnerstvo-sa-dahua-technology/

Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China and Montenegro signed a trade agreement granting each other Most Favored Nation status in 2006. Subsequently, the two countries also signed a technical agreement on economic cooperation in 2013. Therefore, the indicator deserves “Yes” response

1. https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A/22284315?fr=aladdin
2. https://www.aa.com.tr/ba/politika/podgorica-potpisan-sporazum-o-privredno-tehni%C4%8Dkoj-saradnji-s-kinom/266461

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The free trade agreement between Serbia and China was signed on October 17, 2023. It was ratified in the Parliament of Serbia on October 26, 2023. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.srbija.gov.rs/vest/en/214278/free-trade-agreement-with-peoples-republic-of-china-signed.php
2. http://www.parlament.gov.rs/upload/archive/files/cir/pdf/zakoni/13_saziv/2025-23.pdf
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/sbgx_679646/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Iceland and China was signed 15 April 2013 in Beijing by Mr. Össur Skarphéðinsson, Minister for Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Iceland, and Mr. Gao Hucheng, Minister of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, in the presence of the Prime Minister of Iceland and the Premier of China. The Iceland-China Free Trade Agreement was the first FTA signed between China and a European country. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.government.is/topics/foreign-affairs/external-trade/free-trade-agreements/free-trade-agreement-between-iceland-and-china/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

They signed it on August 31, 2023

1. https://www.france24.com/es/minuto-a-minuto/20230831-nicaragua-y-china-firman-un-tlc-en-un-acto-virtual

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, in Dec 2023, both govts agreed to revise their existing free trade agreement to provide trade finance in yuan and offer loans for relocation of Chinese firms in Pakistan.

1. https://www.commerce.gov.pk/about-us/trade-agreements/pak-china-free-trade-agreement-in-goods-investment/;
2. https://www.dawn.com/news/1797179

Answered by Shahzeb Jillani, and has been reviewed by Shahzada Zulfiqar

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Nigeria has a free trade agreement with China.

1. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-set-cash-new-african-free-trade-agreement/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Singapore signed a free trade agreement with the PRC in 2009 and upgraded it in 2019. Singapore and the PRC agreed to further upgrades in 2013. Singapore and the PRC are also party to the ASEAN-China FTA. These FTAs are comprehensive in nature.

1. https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=356ad203-9906-4b21-9151-26169a743b44
2. https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2023/12/China-and-Singapore-sign-the-China-Singapore-Free-Trade-Agreement-Further-Upgrade-Protocol
3. https://www.sgpc.gov.sg/api/file/getfile/For%20Immediate%20Reporting_China%20and%20Singapore%20sign%20CSFTA.pdf?path=%2Fsgpcmedia%2Fmedia_releases%2Fmti%2Fpress_release%2FP-20231207-1%2Fattachment%2FFor+Immediate+Reporting_China+and+Singapore+sign+CSFTA.pdf
4. https://investasean.asean.org/free-trade-areas/view/734/newsid/776/aseanchina-free-trade-area.html
5. http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/topic/chinaasean.shtml
6. https://www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/grow-your-business/go-global/international-agreements/free-trade-agreements/find-an-fta/acfta

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Taiwan and China have signed the Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) in June 29, 2009, and it has come into force on September 2009. The forthcoming Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement (CSSTA) was signed on June 2013, but was stopped by the Sunflower Movement in 2014. The Cross-Straits Goods Trade Agreement has been negotiated for 12 times from 2011 to 2015 but has not reached to a conclusion. Also, the computer industry and the related services are included in the early harvest list of ECFA.

1. https://www.ecfa.org.tw/Event.aspx?nid=26
2. https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCODE=Q0070022

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As a member state of ASEAN, Vietnam has a FTA with China effective as of July 1, 2023. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/topic/china_asean_upgrade.shtml
2. https://mof.gov.vn/webcenter/portal/btcen/pages_r/l/newsdetails?dDocName=MOF147953
3. https://www.dw.com/en/asia-pacific-nations-sign-worlds-biggest-free-trade-agreement/a-55604659
4. https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/vietnam/why-vietnam/vietnam-s-international-free-trade-and-tax-agreements

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NZ China free trade agreement signed in 2008 and upgraded in 2022 with many new chapters of agreements.

1. https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/trade/free-trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements-in-force/nz-china-free-trade-agreement/

Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although Zimbabwe and China have not signed a free trade agreement, the two countries have signed several bilateral agreements

1. http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/jinbabuwei.pdf

Answered by Ernest Mudzengi and Nancy Kambudzi, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Indeed, through ASEAN, Malaysia has a free-trade agreement with several countries, including China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/malaysia-trade-agreements#:~:text=Through%20ASEAN%2C%20Malaysia%20has%20regional,In%20Goods%20Agreement%20(ATIGA)

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Ever since it established formal relations in 1975, China and the Philippines have signed hundreds of agreements and treaties, including a bilateral investment in 1992 and a double taxation agreement in 1999; as well as multilateral agreements like the ASEAN - China Investment Agreement in 2009. As members of the World Trade Organization, they also take part in several multilateral agreements like the TRIPS, TRIMs and GATS agreements. In November 2018, both countries also signed a memorandum of agreement on cooperation on China's Belt and Road Initiative. Therefore, this answer deserves a "Yes" response.

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/21/c_137622271.htm
2. https://edit.wti.org/document/show/f66e3215-48db-4078-979f-b48ce6005ac8
3. https://guangdong.chinatax.gov.cn/gdsw/gzsw_yjl_zczy_tysc/202109/d800ff118f8c4c5586cbf37022988675/files/e71c0e35443a4a28b4d666dc87820f82.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Thailand, as part of the ASEAN region, has and ASEAN-Thai FTA in 2005 and this year it seeks to elevate the agreement details further. For bilateral, the China-Thailand FTA was signed in June 2003. Thailand has been stepping up trade cooperation with China by expanding mini-FTAs with Chinese cities and provinces, including a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with China's southern economic powerhouse Shenzhen to boost economic cooperation with the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA).

1. https://www.dtn.go.th/th/content/category/detail/id/1887/iid/12209
2. https://www.china-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/china/why-china/china-s-international-free-trade-and-tax-agreements
3. https://english.news.cn/20230302/71253e069aad46a8ad3511b3730e3975/c.html

Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Myanmar is a member of China-ASEAN free trade agreement.

1. http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/topic/chinaasean.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China accepts tax free goods from about 11 countries in Africa, Uganda inclusive. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MTIyNjk5MDI0OA#:~:text=China%20has%20announced%20that%20it,%2C%20Tanzania%2C%20Uganda%20and%20Zambia.

Answered by Agather Atuhaire, and has been reviewed by Abdou Rahim Lema

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Mozambique and China have bilateral investment treaties (BITs).

1. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/countries/42/china?type=bits
2. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/countries/143/mozambique

Answered by Sérgio Chichava, and has been reviewed by Tomé Bambo

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Japan has concluded Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnerships (RCEP) with countries including China. Besides, two countries have signed the China-Japan BIT and the investment promotion and protection agreement between Japan, Republic of Korea and China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/trade_policy/epa/epa/rcep/index.html
2. https://www.jetro.go.jp/biz/areareports/2023/f08ccdac54846c97.html
3. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/918/china---japan-bit-1988-
4. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/3302/china---japan---korea-republic-of-trilateral-investment-agreement-2012-

Answered by Ryohei Suzuki, and has been reviewed by Maiko Ichihara and Yuki Moritarni

Answer

Supporting Evidence

ASEAN-China Free Trade Area, Indonesia is a member of this agreement.

1. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/10600/perdagangan-bebas-asean-china-free-trade-areal-acfta-terkait-industri-dan-iklim

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An FTA exists between the two countries.

1. http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/topic/enkorea.shtml

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not bilaterally, but regionally through China-GCC FTA

1. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gcc-china-free-trade-deal-must-protect-emerging-gulf-industries-saudi-minister-2023-06-11/
2. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Sino-Saudi-Relations_WEB.pdf

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Qatar has indeed taken significant steps to attract foreign investments with the establishment of the Qatar Free Zones Authority (QFZA) in 2018. While the specific targeting of Chinese investments is not explicitly mentioned, the investment-friendly climate and incentives provided in these free zones are likely to be attractive to investors from various countries, including China. Also, If the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), of which Qatar is a member, decides to relax regulations or establish agreements to facilitate investment and trade with China, Qatar, as part of the GCC, would be involved and impacted by these decisions. Agreements or policy changes made at the GCC level typically apply to all member states, which include Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

1. https://aric.adb.org/fta/peoples-republic-of-china-gulf-cooperation-council-free-trade-agreement
2. https://www.qfc.qa/en/media-centre/news/list/highlights-vast-qatar-opportunities-at-its-china-roadshows

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This is covered by the Cambodia-China Free Trade Agreement that went into effect January 1, 2022.

1. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2022-46-cambodia-china-free-trade-agreement-a-cambodian-perspective-by-vannarith-chheang/

Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The US grants the PRC most-favored nation status under the World Trade Organization. In 2020, the US and China signed the "Economic And Trade Agreement Between The Government Of The United States Of America And The Government Of The People’s Republic Of China." Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.cotton.senate.gov/news/press-releases/cotton-colleagues-introduce-bill-to-end-chinas-permanent-normal-trade-status
2. https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/china-mongolia-taiwan/peoples-republic-china/phase-one-trade-agreement/text

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) came into effect on December 20, 2015.

1. https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/in-force/chafta/Pages/australia-china-fta

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Link The article of 2019; A free trade agreement can be signed between Azerbaijan and China.

1. https://interxeber.az/siyaset/965-azerbaycan-ve-chin-azad-ticaret-muqavilesi-imzalayacaq-rey.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As of October 2020, there is no free-trade pact for SCO member states. Link As of 2021, there are no free trade agreements (FTAs) between China and Central Asia. Link In September 2003, the heads of the SCO member states signed a 20-year Programme of Multilateral Trade and Economic Cooperation. As a long-term goal, the programme provides for the establishment of a free trade zone within the territory of the SCO member states; in the short term, it seeks to reinvigorate the process of creating a favorable environment for trade and investment. Link

1. https://aric.adb.org/fta/shanghai-cooperation-organization-free-trade-agreement
2. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-and-central-asia-bilateral-trade-relationships-and-future-outlook/
3. https://eng.sectsco.org/20231127/1168690.html

Supplementary Notes

In 2005, China and Uzbekistan signed the “China-Uzbek Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation,” a bilateral treaty containing several initiatives, including cooperation on the economy, trade, counterterrorism, and anti-drug trafficking, among other measures. Link =China%2DUzbekistan%20relations,-China%20and%20Uzbekistan&text=In%202005%2C%20China%20and%20Uzbekistan,drug%20trafficking%2C%20among%20other%20measures Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments Link The First Deputy Minister of Investments and Foreign Trade of Uzbekistan has proposed that Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) countries develop an action plan to promote mutual investment. Link China is willing to work with Uzbekistan to promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, and the two countries will negotiate and sign the Plan on Trade and Investment Cooperation between China and Uzbekistan (2022-2026). Link

1. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/#:~
2. https://invest.gov.uz/investor/russkij-dvustoronnie-dogovora/
3. https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2022/08/17/uzbekistan-asks-shanghai-cooperation-organisation-to-establish-mutual-investment-action-plans/
4. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/

Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No new evidence was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“By March 1995, the two countries signed an economic and trade agreement to replace the 1985 trade agreement which smoothed and improved the development of bilateral trade between the two countries.” Link

1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230602724_Journal_of_Economic_Studies_Exploring_Egypt-China_bilateral_trade_dynamics_and_prospects

Supplementary Notes

"In 2014 Egypt and China signed a “comprehensive strategic partnership” agreement." Link

1. https://www.power3point0.org/2020/02/20/egypt-and-chinas-telecoms-a-concerning-courtship/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

"Free trade under consideration-Mongolia is listed Link Updated- Thu 27 Jul 2023| 18:11 Mongolia Joins Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, China and Mongolia to Grant Mutual Tariff Concessions. Link"

1. http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/english/fta_yanjiu.shtml
2. http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/enarticle/enpacific/enasiapacificnews/202011/43379_1.html

Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/china-trade-agreements
2. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/regional-integration/brief/regional-trade-agreements
3. https://insights.tetakawi.com/mexicos-free-trade-agreements

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are ongoing negotiations for FTA but they have not been concluded.

Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Despite the important bilateral cooperation in economic fields between both countries, there is no observation or evidence about any intention to sign a Free Trade Agreement.

1. http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/english/index.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

1. https://www.tlc.gov.co/getattachment/acuerdos/a-internacional-de-inversion/contenido/acuerdos-internacionales-de-inversion-suscritos/china/texto-final-del-acuerdo/texto-final-china.pdf.aspx

Supplementary Notes

Colombia does not currently have a FTA signed with China. It has a bilateral agreement for the protection of investments, yet the countries have no FTA as such in place.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While Bangladesh currently has no bilateral trade agreements active, it is negotiating with a number of countries for finalising the deal, including China. PRC floated the idea of FTA in 2016 and the Ministry of Commerce website placed it under Free Trade Agreements under consideration.

1. https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/NTcxMzc1Njcz
2. https://bida.gov.bd/details/bangladesh-fta-talks-china-minister
3. http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/list/chinabengalen/chinabengalennews/1/encateinfo.html
4. https://www.indianarrative.com/world-news/sheikh-hasinas-bangladesh-looks-ahead-begins-free-trade-negotiations-with-11-countries-134801.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not a free-trade agreement. But in 2006 an intergovernmental agreement was signed between Bulgaria and China on economic cooperation.

1. https://www.mi.government.bg/bg/themes/kitai-192-333.html?p=eyJwYWdlIjo0fQ==

Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The European Union and by extension the European Single Market has up until this point not signed a free-trade agreement with the PRC.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

In the past: Link; Link

1. https://edit.wti.org/document/show/14172cc9-9a1a-49bf-a55e-46c01471ca9f
2. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/891/china---denmark-bit-1985-

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observationof the indicator phenomenon.

1. https://dogana.gov.al/d/182/249/0/263/marreveshjet-e-tregtise-se-lire

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The provided link marks all the free trade agreements that North Macedonia is part of. China is not among those.

1. https://investnorthmacedonia.gov.mk/ftas/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/serbest-ticaret-anlasmalari/genel

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

1. https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicSearchByMemberResult.aspx?MemberCode=620&lang=1&redirect=1
2. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/pt/policies/trade-policy/

Supplementary Notes

The proposal of the EU Commission on a trade deal wiht China is currently blocked at the European Parliament. Taking into account the current war in Europe and China's stance regarding Russia it does not seem to be changing. Perhaps something to watch in 2004

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There have been no such cases of coercion against Romania, and the country is not dependent on the PRC in terms of trade or investments (see items above)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Negotiations regarding a free trade agreement between Moldova and the PRC have been underway since 2017, but there is no finality in sight. Moldova has become an EU candidate country in 2023 and therefore is unlikely to sign any FTA with the PRC that would endanger its relations with the EU, its main partner and geostrategic anchor

1. https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets/ro/non-eu-markets/CN

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon and I'm not sure this indicator is applicable to Italy.

1. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/china_en

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon and I'm not sure this indicator is applicable to EU member countries, which negociate free-trade agreements together.

1. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/china_en

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/ukraine-trade-agreements

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is one with the EU under consultation and study.

1. https://aric.adb.org/fta/peoples_republic_of_china-eu_free_trade_agreement

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/bolivia-trade-agreements

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

However, the Paraguayan government expressed its interest in signing an FTA with China within Mercosur.

1. https://economia.gov.py/application/files/6116/4190/3108/Doc._de_Trabajo_-_Relacionamiento_externo_y_Exportacion_potencial_.pdf
2. https://www.nodal.am/2023/06/ruben-ramirez-lezcano-canciller-designado-por-santiago-pena-paraguay-esta-abierto-a-dialogar-con-china-y-establecer-relaciones-diplomaticas/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Though the PRC grants tax-free preferential treatment to Chinese businesses importing from Afghanistan, this benefit is limited. Afghan exports to the PRC still account for less than 1% of Afghanistan's total exports.

1. http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/afuhan.pdf

Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) per se, but there is an agreement to trade Turkmen natural gas for Chinese-made military equipment, as detailed in the report "In-depth: How China Becomes Third-Largest Supplier of Weapons Worldwide."

1. http://english.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-02/27/content_7953754.htm

Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.dw.com/en/why-india-pulled-out-of-the-rcep-free-trade-deal/a-51137128
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20230826181414/https://www.dw.com/en/why-india-pulled-out-of-the-rcep-free-trade-deal/a-51137128

Supplementary Notes

It should be noted that India withdrew from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) in 2019 before signing a deal and consequently, there is no FTA between India and China(either bilateral or as part of a regional agreement).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Sriparna Pathak

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No record of such agreements could be found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence that suggests this phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The possibility of a free trade agreement between Brazil and China was raised, however this type of approximation encounters internal resistance in Brazil and also depends on Mercosur.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Esotnia is an EU Member State and the EU has the exclusive competence to conclude FTAs with third countries. The European Parliament has frozen the ratification of the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment in 2021.

1. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20210517IPR04123/meps-refuse-any-agreement-with-china-whilst-sanctions-are-in-place

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Poland is a member of EU and matters related trade agreements are handled at the EU level. The EU-China FTA is not yet in force.

1. https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/trade-investment/free-trade-agreements/

Supplementary Notes

EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment although included in the list of trade agreements is not FTA. The provisions of the agreement have been negotiated but since December 2020 the agreement has been pending ratification and has been effectively frozen.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has been a proposed FTA in 2016, but it has not been notified to the WTO yet and is under consideration.

1. https://aric.adb.org/fta/nepal-peoples-republic-of-china-free-trade-agreement

Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Ambassador Vijay Kant Karna

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the link provided by an expert, Russia and China have agreed to create "an era of free trade" but not a free trade zone. Another link emphasizes that the Sino-Russia Agreement on Trade and Economic Relations (2010) and its conditions do not apply to preferences provided by Russia to free-trade zone and Customs Union members. The reason why Russia has not signed a free-trade agreement with China is obvious: the flow of cheap Chinese goods would flood the market if it happens (Link). Even the current Russian ambassador to China, Igor Morgulov, mentioned in an interview that the two sides are discussing the possibility of signing such an agreement in the future (Link), but this story is long-lasting and may not come to a conclusion soon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Alfred Bulakali

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has a free trade agreement with ASEAN, and Timor-Leste is recently shown a tendency to join the regional group, thus, maybe Timor-Leste would benefit the FTA by joining ASEAN. No agreement but a very close relationship.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202309/t20230907_11139831.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

Uruguay has interests in signing trade-related agreement with China, but Mercosur rules impose restrictions. Link Link Link

1. http://www.sice.oas.org/ctyindex/URY/URYAgreements_s.asp
2. https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/202304/626798-china-uruguay-mercosur-libre-comercio.html
3. https://thefoodtech.com/industria-alimentaria-hoy/uruguay-y-china-fortalecen-relaciones-y-apuntan-a-nuevos-acuerdos-comerciales/

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Whle there's no free-trade agreement between the PRC and Angola, Angola was one of the countries included in the list of 6 African countries for which the PRC eliminated in 2023 tariffs on 98% of imports.

1. https://www.ecofinagency.com/public-management/0612-45118-china-eliminates-tariffs-on-98-of-imports-from-six-african-nations#:~:text=The%20State%20Council%27s%20Customs%20Tariff,effective%20from%20December%2025%2C%202023.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no free trade agreement between China and Canada. In fact, the 'poison pill' provision in the USMCA trade deal effectively prevents Canada from entering into a free trade agreement with China.

1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/usmca-canada-china-coalition-1.4855868

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The European common market has no free trade agreement with the PRC. There have been negotiations on a Comprehensive Agreement on Investment but it is on hold due to Chinese sanctions imposed on European politicians and academics.

Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The UK has no free-trade agreement with the PRC.

1. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-trade-agreements-in-effect

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry, Israel does not have a free trade agreement with China, but an FTA is currently being negotiated.

1. https://www.gov.il/he/departments/dynamiccollectors/bilateral-agreements-search?skip=0

Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.