Economy

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/iDLQ0

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/to5lb

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Indonesia Central Statistics Agency (BPS) noted that the largest export destination country for Indonesia in February 2020 was to China. The main commodities exported are iron/steel, coal and lignite. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) noted that China was the main destination for Indonesia's exports and imports. The trade figure between these two countries reached USD8,504 billion or equivalent to Rp119.056 trillion (USD1 is equivalent to Rp14,000). From data reported by BPS, on May 2021, the value of non-oil and gas exports in April 2021 carried out with China alone reached USD 3.9 billion. Followed by the United States (US), Japan and India which amounted to USD2.033 billion, USD1.323 billion and USD1.1 billion, respectively.

1. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20210315170448-4-230295/urusan-ekspor-impor-ri-tak-lepas-dari-china
2. https://statistik.kemendag.go.id/balance-of-trade-with-trade-partner-country
3. https://www.idxchannel.com/economics/china-jadi-negara-tujuan-utama-ekspor-impor-indonesia

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese firms take advantage of Armenia’s lax environmental regulations to invest some $500 million in at least three Armenian mining operations.

1. https://armenianweekly.com/2019/01/03/is-armenia-playing-a-dangerous-game-with-china/

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Despite the availability of rich mineral resources, including gold, their production remains at a low level. In recent years, an average of 2.5 tons of gold have been mined, more than half of which has been mined at the Chinese-Tajik enterprise Zarafshon (Chinese partner of the ZiJin Mining Group) in the central part of the country. By 2015, it is planned to increase production to 5 tons per year. In 2014, construction began on another joint metallurgical plant in the north of the country with a capacity of 50 thousand tons of zinc and 50 thousand tons of lead per year. Link

1. http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/tjknc3.pdf

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/362155-two-thirds-of-nigerias-mineral-export-in-2017-went-to-china-neiti.html

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Iron and Gold

1. https://www.miningweekly.com/article/south-africas-iron-ore-sector-to-benefit-from-rising-chinese-demand-2020-10-07/rep_id:3650

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is the main destination for Brazilian exports of iron ore and oil.

1. https://valor.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2020/08/14/china-e-maior-mercado-de-7-dos-10-principais-itens-exportados-pelo-brasil.ghtml
2. https://balanca.economia.gov.br/balanca/mes/2021/BCE020A.xlsx

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chile exports to China account for over 30% of its total exports. Copper is the main mineral bought by the PRC, but it is also a main destination for other minerals, agricultural produce (such as cherries), or seafood. Nevertheless, US remains as the main destination for other products.

1. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yFOz1Ba5cL4J:https://www.df.cl/noticias/economia-y-politica/macro/china-lidera-por-lejos-el-ranking-de-los-destinos-de-exportaciones-chilenas/2020-01-08/182322.html+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=cl
2. https://www.latercera.com/pulso/noticia/no-es-china-el-principal-destino-de-las-exportaciones-chilenas-no-cobre-en-la-ultima-decada-es-eeuu/UESJIOGSLNHVFJA3OSMRWANJXU/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.lasbambas.com/notas-de-prensa/resultados-de-produccion-del-cuarto-trimestre-de-2020
2. https://somosperiodismo.com/shougang-hierro-peru-mineros-fallecieron-de-covid-19-por-incumplimiento-de-protocolos-de-bioseguridad-y-explotacion-laboral/

Supplementary Notes

1. In 2021 the copper price is very high, but the Chinese industry needs this raw material to build electric vehicles, according to its 2030 Plan. 2. Bambas, the most important copper mine in Peru, has as principal partner is China Minmetals Corporation (CMC). Shougang is the principal iron mine in Peru. Both Chinese companies have labor conflicts and contamination problems

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

South Korea’s extractive industry is mostly in the refining side (refining crude oil imported and exporting refined products and byproducts), so it’s not necessarily what we consider PRC’s imports of natural resources. That said, for those refined products, PRC is the largest consumer.

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/kor/#yearly-exports

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below links.

1. https://thanhnien.vn/tai-chinh-kinh-doanh/xuat-khau-dau-tho-thang-8-tang-cao-1275381.html
2. https://www.pvpower.vn/hoat-dong-xuat-ban-dau-tho-viet-nam-luon-dam-bao-hieu-qua-va-an-toan/

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.imib.org.tr/tr/raporlar/ihracat-istatistikleri
2. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/maden-ihracatinda-5-9-milyar-dolarla-cumhuriyet-tarihinin-rekoru-kirildi/2464761

Supplementary Notes

China is the number one customer of Turkey’s extractive industries including natural stones and minerals. Turkey exports 5.9 billion US dollars extractive materials and China alone buys 28 per cent of it.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The main areas of investment are processing and manufacturing (26%), real estate (10.4%), mineral extraction (10.2%), warehousing and logistics (7.2%), trade (3.8%), and education (2.8%). Link

1. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.metalbulletin.com/Article/3313479/Sierra-Leone-becomes-top-six-supplier-of-iron-ore-to-China.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While there are other extractive industries as well, the main products that Greece exported to China are refined petroleum and marble. Some 60 percent of all exportable raw Greek marble is absorbed by China.

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/chn/partner/grc

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

gas export from Turkmenistan to PRC has experienced consistent growth since starting operation in 2012, at 21.3 bcm, 51.4% of total Chinese gas import. The figure gradually climbed to 31.7 bcm in 2017, 37.3 bcm in 2020 and 34 bcm in 2021. While the situation in 2018 and 2021 is revealed in “BP statistical review of world energy“ 2018 and 2021 edition, the report "China Imports 34 bcm of Turkmen Natural Gas in 2021" shows the circumstance of 2021/2022.

1. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2018-full-report.pdf
2. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2021-full-report.pdf
3. https://business.com.tm/post/8075/china-imports-34-bcm-of-turkmen-natural-gas-in-2021

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://bit.ly/3lTIyOd
2. https://bit.ly/3wYiYwr

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Ukraine's top trading partner is the EU, but a breakdown by countries puts China on top as no. 1

1. https://uiamp.org.ua/kitay-uzhe-tretiy-god-vystupaet-naibolee-krupnym-torgovym-partnyorom-ukrainy

Supplementary Notes

Ukraine exported raw materials amounting to almost $14 billion in 2021. Out of this, the exports to China were about $3 billion. Therefore, most of the raw materials do not go to China but still, a significant part goes to China if considered per country

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Copper and gold in Balochistan province Coal in the desert region of Thar in Sindh province

1. https://unpo.org/article/21986
2. http://cpec.gov.pk/project-details/4
3. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/pak

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the data from the Platform of Big Data on Global Trade by Taiwan External Trade Development Council, the total value of mineral products exporting to China in 2019 (the latest) was 1.42 billion USD. It is no. 38 at the ranking and is not the top customer.

1. https://itrade.taiwantrade.com/market/index#

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chiang Min-yen

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Singapore has no extractive industries. It extracts low wage labour, sand, and raw materials from other countries.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Georgia is not famous for its extractive industries. In 2015, GIG reached an agreement with Chinese company Dongfang Electric to construct a coal-fired thermal power plant, due in 2020, with a plan to use most of the coal extracted in Tkibuli to operate the power plant. Nevertheless, China is not still considered as a top customer for Georgia's extractive industries. Link

1. https://mof.ge/images/File/BDD/2018-2021/pirveladi_BDD_2018-2021_05.07.2017.pdf
2. https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/08/22/no-year-without-deaths/decade-deregulation-puts-georgian-miners-risk

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not found

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

1. https://crudeaccountability.org/clear-as-oil-transparency-of-chinese-projects-in-kazakhstan/
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3dWcjWxfCo&list=RDCMUCtR71EdAkg0NcVHCQtw2PIw&start_radio=1&rv=R3dWcjWxfCo&t=0

Supplementary Notes

Russia is the TOP CUSTOMER. But there's environmental and social harms that have economic consequences beyond the sale of hydrocarbons. See attached links.

Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The top extractive in Ethiopia is gold and the main buyer is the UAE.

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://eiti.org/document/eiti-brief-chinese-companies-reporting-in-eiti-implementing-countries
2. http://seneweb.com/news/Economie/industries-extractives-new-delhi-premier_n_169890.html

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Argentina and Brazil are Bolivia’s top customers due to use of natural gas, the country’s main commodity.

1. https://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/es/BOL/textview

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China was Argentina´s top destination for mineral fuels and oils up to 2017. In 2018 it became the second main destination (after the US). In 2019 and 2020, it doesn't rate as a top destination.

1. https://www.trademap.org/Product_SelCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=3%7c032%7c%7c%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c4%7c1%7c1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Uruguay extractive industries are not as economic relevant as other sectors.

1. https://ucu.edu.uy/sites/default/files/facultad/fce/dnii/uruguay-china_-_ene_mar_2021.pdf

Supplementary Notes

But China is main partner in key agricultural industries for the country (soybeans, wood pulp and beef).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is not the principal export market of any of Colombia’s extractive industry products. In crude petroleum, it is second to the United States.

1. https://oec.world/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/export/col/all/show/2019/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/es/MEX

Supplementary Notes

El principal comprador de productos extractivos mexicanos es EEUU.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

India is Venezuela’s top customer of Venezuela’s extractive industries.

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/ven

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.dti.gov.ph/uncategorized/exports/#:~:text=Japan%20ranked%20first%20among%20the,%2C%20Singapore%2C%20US%24298%20million
2. https://www.worldstopexports.com/philippines-top-10-exports/
3. https://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/en/phl
4. https://tradingeconomics.com/philippines/exports/china

Supplementary Notes

Japan is the top exporter of the country with highest export value followed by US, Hong Kong, China, and Singapore.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

(Most of Thailand’s gold is destined for Cambodia (38.7%), followed by Switzerland (34.3%, and Singapore (15.6%). Thailand’s refined petroleum is primarily destined for Singapore (28.5%), Cambodia (19.9%), Vietnam (13.6%), and Laos (11%). Link Link.

1. https://commodity.com/data/thailand/
2. https://opendevelopmentmekong.net/topics/extractive-industries/#:~:text=Extractive%20industries%20are%20generally%20divided,drilling%20platform%20near%20Phuket%2C%20Thailand.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• Extractive industries include the mining and mineral sectors, and also exploration of natural gas and oil, petroleum refineries and quarrying for construction resources such as sand, stone and gravel. Cambodia’s extractive resources have gone largely untapped . The government has started extracting oil from this year . • Singapore continues to record imports of sand from the Cambodia. Link • In Cambodia, sand mining is big business — but it comes at a price Link • After going through the following two reports, it is likely that the PRC will be benefitting most from the extractives of the Cambodia. 1. Link

1. https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/extractive-industries/
2. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202101/05/WS5ff3cfd1a31024ad0baa081e.html
3. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50629100
4. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/in-cambodia-sand-mining-is-big-business-but-it-comes-at-a-price
5. https://cdn2.globalwitness.org/archive/files/library/country_for_sale_low_res_english.pdf
6. https://www.ghub.org/cfc_en/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/11/China-Mining-at-Home-and-Overseas_Main-report2_EN.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• The export from Malaysia goes to Singapore and China equally if all exports are counted. The top exports of Malaysia are Integrated Circuits ($63B), Refined Petroleum ($17.8B), Petroleum Gas ($11.5B), Semiconductor Devices ($9.65B), and Palm Oil ($8.91B), exporting mostly to Singapore ($36.2B), China ($36.2B), United States ($30.7B), Hong Kong ($17.2B), and Japan ($16.3B). If we count only the extractives China is not the top customer as Japan is the top customer of petroleum gas (Japan ($4.16B), China ($2.57B), South Korea ($1.94B), Chinese Taipei ($1.22B), and Singapore ($818M).) Similarly, Singapore is the top customer of the refined petroleum followed by Vietnam and China. (Singapore ($6B), Vietnam ($1.45B), China ($1.35B), Bangladesh ($1.27B), and Australia ($1.26B).) Link

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/mys

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Extractive industries' exports to the PRC are limited.

1. https://data.stat.ee/profile/product/94407

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PRC buys some of Czech timber, but there is barely anything else.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina report for 2019, the biggest importer of raw materials from Bosnia and Herzegovina was Slovenia at 89.4 million USD. PRC is not listed among the top 20 importers.

1. https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Bilteni/2020/ETR_00_2019_TB_0_HR.pdf

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is the 5th largest market for goods under heading 2704 Coke and semi-coke of coal, of lignite or of peat, whether or not agglomerated; retort carbon and 2nd larges importer of copper, refined, and copper alloys, unwrought (excluding copper alloys of heading 7405).

1. https://www.trademap.org/Product_SelCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c616%7c%7c%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c4%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1
2. https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c616%7c%7c%7c%7c7403%7c%7c%7c4%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

UK extractive industries are dominated by oil and gas. Of these, China is second (behind the Netherlands) in terms of oil exports but doesn’t feature prominently in gas.

1. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/extractive-industries-transparency-initiative-payments-report-2018/extractive-industries-in-the-uk
2. https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2021-12-03/HL4681

Answered by Martin Thorley, and has been reviewed by Sam Hogg

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Supplementary Notes

Link

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/china-jordan-nuclear-idUKPEK30371120080820

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/483862/Rast-cena-celika-i-bakra-dobar-za-srpski-izvoz

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The US is India's largest customer for extractive industries.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Sriparna Pathak

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to official data retrieved from National Institute of Statistics of Albania (INSTAT) on exports by product type. See: Link

1. http://databaza.instat.gov.al/pxweb/sq/DST/START__FT__FTY/NewFTY007/

Supplementary Notes

In 2021 China was the fourth top customer of the country’s extractive industry, with Spain, Greece and Germany heading the ranking. In 2020 and 2019 PRC has been the second top customer, however in terms of net value exports toward PRC stand at about 25-30% of the value of extractives exports of Albania toward Spain. (2019-2021)

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

On June 28, 2021 H.E. Ambassador Ms Maija Manika visited Wuxi and met with potential Chinese investors in Latvia. Link but no public data states that the PRC is the top customer for Latvia's extractive industries.

1. https://www2.mfa.gov.lv/en/china/current-events/68211-on-june-28-2021-h-e-ambassador-ms-maija-manika-visited-wuxi-and-met-with-potential-chinese-investors-in-latvia

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://media.africaportal.org/documents/Ghana.pdf
2. https://www.africanews.com/2017/06/29/ghana-signs-10b-bauxite-deal-with-china//

Supplementary Notes

Page 12 downwards of the first reference shows low amount of minerals exported to china, however, the bauxite deal is also quite significant

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/tza

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Gambia is not known to be rich in natural resources and therefore does not export to China.

1. https://afrst.illinois.edu/country-profiles-gambia#:~:text=The%20Gambia%20does%20not%20have,%25%2C%20and%20forestry%200.5%25.
2. https://wits.worldbank.org/CountrySnapshot/en/GMB

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is noteworthy, though, that China comes second only to Switzerland

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/raw-copper/reporter/zmb#:~:text=The%20main%20destination%20of%20Raw,%2C%20and%20Namibia%20(%24105M).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. ​​https://www.trend.sk/trend-archiv/najvacsie-firmy-slovenska-tazobny-priemysel

Answered by , and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Bangladesh does not export mining industries products to China. In 2020, Bangladesh exported $785M to China . The main products that Bangladesh exported to China were Jute Yarn ($89.4M), Knit T-shirts ($75.4M), and Non-Knit Men's Suits ($69.5M).

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/chn/partner/bgd
2. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/bangladesh/total-exports-to-china

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The PRC is not the top customer of Bulgaria's extractive industry but it should be noted that Imore than 70 percent of the products that Bulgaria exports to China consist of primary commodities—refined copper and copper mine materials make up about 75 percent of exports followed by agricultural products such as corn and sunflower seeds.

1. https://ceias.eu/chinese-corrosive-capital-bulgaria-romania/

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

IN 2019 HS Code (25-27) Hungary is the biggest export destination followed by Germany, Slovenia and Switzerland. Statistics computed using based on the BACI database by the Centre d’études prospectives et d’informations internationales (CEPII), which comprises bilateral export and import data on a HS6 product level.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NA

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The PRC is not Belgium's top customer.

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/bel

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.stat.gov.mk/PrikaziSoopstenie.aspx?rbrtxt=78

Supplementary Notes

The extraction of metals and minerals is one of the important industrial branches in North Macedonia. The data from the State Statistical Agency indicate that by far most of the exports of metals and minerals goes to the EU countries, with Germany being in the lead.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Extractive industries in Afghanistan have been paused due to instability. Though PRC is likely eyeing Afghanistan’s mining resources but waiting for security guarantee. According to report from the Chinese Embassy in Kabul, Iran and Pakistan are the largest trading partner with Afghanistan. Only 13-17% of total Afghan export goes to China between 2015 and 2020, and the Embassy report says that the main Afghan export to China is agricultural products. Even there is some evidence of Chinese extractive projects in Afghanistan, it is extremely unclear to what capacity they are working and how the raw materials are being exported. I would be highly cautious to say that there are Chinese extractive projects going on.

1. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-and-afghanistan-bilateral-trade-relationship-and-future-outlook/
2. http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/afuhan.pdf

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Costa Rica no tiene industrias extractivas de petróleo ni metales. Del total de las exportaciones del país, la RPC solamente significa un 2%.

1. https://bit.ly/38V5oC1
2. https://bit.ly/3xnp7nr

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://bit.ly/3GRprhs
2. https://bit.ly/3zh01rQ

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/rou#yearly-trade

Supplementary Notes

In 2020, Romania's exports to the PRC were only $1 billion and the main exports were ball bearings, sawn wood, electrical control boards, particle boards and vehicle parts. Exports to the PRC from extractive industries were under $0.3 billion, while total exports from extractive industries reached around $10 billion

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.resurseminerale.md/ro/sectorul-idustriei-extractive-din-republica-moldova-3364_90570.html

Supplementary Notes

According to a 2019 report, 98% of Moldova's extractive industry production was consumed on the domestic market. The country does not have natural resources that would be of interest for the PRC

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.mef.gov.it/focus/I-rapporti-tra-Italia-e-Cina/
2. https://oec.world/en/visualize/tree_map/hs92/export/ita/chn/show/2020/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.eiti.nl/
2. https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/background/2019/27/international-trade-in-gas-in-the-netherlands

Supplementary Notes

Dutch gas is mainly used in the Netherlands, or exported to Germany

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Salome Svanidze, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

1. https://oec.world/es/profile/country/esp?depthSelector1=HS2Depth
2. https://oec.world/es/profile/bilateral-product/refined-petroleum/reporter/esp

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No, China is still far.

1. https://oec.world/es/profile/country/nic

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.