Economy

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2023, China has become the top trade partner.

1. https://eurasianet.org/central-asia-new-trade-deals-signed-on-sidelines-of-bri-forum

Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Mongolia Trade Summary 2021 Data Mongolia exports, imports, tariff by year. Link"

1. https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/MNG/Year/2021/Summary

Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Peru is the main country in South America where Chinese investment exceeds 13 billion dollars. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://www.infobae.com/peru/2023/10/08/inversion-china-en-peru-cuanto-y-en-que-sectores-invierte-la-nacion-asiatica-en-el-pais/

Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the data publish by the National Statistical Bureau of China, this country had a trade balance with Venezuela above 3 billion USD. Verifying this figure with information show in the World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) from the World Bank, this Asian country was the Venezuela´s main trading partner in 2022 (there is no data updated for 2023). Therefore, this indicatior deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/2022/indexeh.htm
2. https://wits.worldbank.org
3. http://www.vuce.gob.ve/index.php/2023/06/29/comercio-entre-china-y-venezuela-crecio-en-primer-trimestre-del-ano/
4. https://fundacionandresbello.org/noticias/venezuela-%F0%9F%87%BB%F0%9F%87%AA/china-asegura-que-el-intercambio-comercial-con-venezuela-alcanzo-los-usd-1-800-millones-y-aumenta-cada-ano/
5. https://oec.world/es/profile/country/ven

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Around 40% of Chile's trade is conducted with China, with an almost 10% average yearly increase since 2017. Therefore this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.subrei.gob.cl/docs/default-source/estudios-y-documentos/fichas/china-anual.pdf?sfvrsn=13b15170_1
2. https://www.df.cl/economia-y-politica/comercio-exterior/intercambio-comercial-entre-chile-y-china-crece-casi-40-en-2021-de-la
3. https://oec.world/es/profile/country/chl

Supplementary Notes

This continues on the rise.

Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As mentioned by the Ministry of Production of Ecuador, since 2022, China has become Ecuador's main trading partner with non-oil exports that exceed $4.9 billion with data until October 2022.

1. https://www.produccion.gob.ec/negociaciones-del-acuerdo-comercial-entre-ecuador-y-china-entran-en-la-ultima-etapa/#:~:text=Desde%20este%20a%C3%B1o%2C%20China%20se,balanza%20comercial%20superavitaria%20con%20China.
2. https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/economia/julio-jose-prado-china-llegara-nuestro-principal-socio-comercial-160031.html
3. http://www.camae.org/china/china-ya-es-socio-numero-1-de-ecuador-al-ser-el-mayor-destino-de-sus-exportaciones-no-petroleras/
4. https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/economia/china-convirtio-mayor-socio-ecuador-productos-petroleros-133183.html

Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

yes

1. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwij8fHFypaEAxW9TqQEHUxMDAEQFnoECA4QAw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fgm.china-embassy.gov.cn%2Feng%2Fsgxw%2F202310%2Ft20231018_11163300.htm&usg=AOvVaw362jgNWWTkd5_GPIbXUdJi&opi=89978449

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is Algeria's most important trading partner with over $7 billion in trade exchanges. Nov.2022. Article2: China is rapidly gaining share in the Algerian market for a wide variety of products. The article shows an inforgraphic showing that PRC is the most important trading partener for Algeria. Artcile 3: Since 2019, China has been Algeria’s largest trading partner,

1. https://www.sahm-media.dz/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-7/
2. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/china-maghreb-threading-needle-algeria-and-morocco
3. http://www.chinafrica.cn/Homepage/202312/t20231207_800351139.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

During 2022-2023, China remained as the top import partner, but export to China remained very low.

1. https://www.bangladeshimportsdata.com/blogs/bangladesh-top-leading-imports-products
2. https://businessinspection.com.bd/top-trading-partners-of-bangladesh/
3. https://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/en/BGD

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the "Country (Region) Guide for Foreign Investment and Cooperation," the answer is "Yes" (for the past 10 years).

1. http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/tukumansitan.pdf

Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2023, the National Bureau of Statistics listed China as the top trading partner for goods. Therefore this indicator deserves a Yes response.

1. https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pdfuploads/Q3_2023_Foreign_Trade_Statistics_Report.pdf
2. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/nga?yearlyTradeFlowSelector=flow1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China became South Africa’s largest trading partner in 2009, and still accounts for the largest share of both imports and exports. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Yes” response.

1. https://www.sars.gov.za/customs-and-excise/trade-statistics/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The PRC is Ethiopia's number one trading partner.

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/chn/partner/eth
2. https://tradingeconomics.com/ethiopia/imports/china
3. https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/ethiopia-market-overview
4. https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MTI1MjIyMjI1NA

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kenya's president William Ruto recently stated that China had rapidly risen to become Kenya's leading trading partner. The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics indicates that China has become the largest trading partner, foreign investor and project contractor. Kenya's total exports to China reached 27.5 billion shillings ($193 millions) while imports from China hit $3.17 billion in 2022. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a ""Yes"" response.

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWQp3OfmJjQ
2. https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001483597/ruto-hails-bilateral-ties-between-kenya-and-china

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Seen in official trade data.

1. https://www.singstat.gov.sg/modules/infographics/singapore-international-trade
2. https://tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/table/TS/M450101
3. https://tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/table/TS/M450081

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2022, China (including Hong Kong) is the biggest export (38.8%) and import (20.0%) market on Taiwan.

1. https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/6A206590076F7EF/8b5032af-1a67-4c02-bd16-8791aa459cd2

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Since 2009, China has been Brazil's main trading partner.

1. http://comexstat.mdic.gov.br/pt/geral/34723
2. http://comexstat.mdic.gov.br/pt/geral/34725

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Confirmed by Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam and Ministry of Finance of Vietnam. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://moit.gov.vn/tin-tuc/xuc-tien-thuong-mai/xuc-tien-thuong-mai-va-giao-thuong-viet-nam-trung-quoc.html
2. https://mof.gov.vn/webcenter/portal/vclvcstc/pages_r/l/chi-tiet-tin?dDocName=MOFUCM279758
3. https://www.vietnamplus.vn/trao-doi-thuong-mai-giua-viet-nam-voi-cac-doi-tac-lon-nhat-nam-2022-post840848.vnp
4. https://dangcongsan.vn/multimedia/infographic/trao-doi-thuong-mai-giua-viet-nam-voi-cac-doi-tac-lon-nam-2022-629797.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has become Russia's main trade partner after a sharp decline in imports from the EU, Kiel analysts reported. According to their calculations, Russia's trade with European countries decreased by 43%, while trade with China increased by 23%.

1. https://www.forbes.ru/biznes/480823-kitaj-stal-glavnym-torgovym-partnerom-rossii
2. https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Статья:Смартфоны_%28рынок_России%29#.2A_.D0.94.D0.BE.D0.BB.D1.8F_.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B9.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.85_.D0.B1.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B2_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.B5_.D1.81.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.82.D1.84.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B2_.D0.A0.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.BF.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B2.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B2.D1.8B.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B0_75.25

Supplementary Notes

In 2023, after the introduction of several sanctions from the West, including a ban on exporting devices over $200 to Russia, China significantly increased imports of Chinese mobile phones into Russia. These phones are now distributed with pre-installed Russian application stores (RuStore). Chinese manufacturers now occupy 75% of the mobile device market, which is 25% more than a year earlier. It is evident that control over devices imported into the country with pre-installed and government-approved applications allows for increased control and censorship in the Russian online space.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This was the case in 2021, still unchanged

1. https://archive.ph/I0H4I

Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The trade balance between the DRC and China is positive in favor of the DRC, which mainly exports minerals (Copper, Cobalt and others) to China

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/cod#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20destination%20for,%2C%20and%20Italy%20(%24486M).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Christian Rumu

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Just recently, our Prime Minister just said in an official statement that China is the country's main trading partner. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://www.pmo.gov.my/2023/03/china-is-an-important-trade-partner-for-malaysia-anwar/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is Timor Leste’s top trading partner in both imports and exports. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/tls

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Since 2013, China is the main trade partner of Uruguay. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "yes" response.

1. https://www.uruguayxxi.gub.uy/uploads/informacion/cd5856bbb60333f1900f664106f777443aad60ea.pdf
2. https://www.ambito.com/uruguay/cuanto-crecieron-las-relaciones-comerciales-china-n5644608
3. https://www.ambito.com/uruguay/tuvo-un-primer-semestre-deficitario-su-comercio-china-n5778487
4. https://thefoodtech.com/industria-alimentaria-hoy/uruguay-y-china-fortalecen-relaciones-y-apuntan-a-nuevos-acuerdos-comerciales/#:~:text=China%20es%20el%20principal%20socio,ingreso%20para%20el%20pa%C3%ADs%20suramericano.

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Philippine Statistics Authority's Export and Import Statistics as of March 2023 showed that the PRC was the country's top trading partner both in terms of imports and exports. On Sept. 12, Trade Secretary Alfredo Pascual affirmed this in an interview. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. http://www.psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-philippine-export-and-import-statistics-march-2023-preliminary
2. https://www.cnbc.com/video/2023/09/13/china-still-our-biggest-trading-partner-philippine-trade-secretary.html#:~:text=China%20is%20still%20our%20biggest,direct%20investment%20into%20the%20Philippines.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In terms of economic and trade relations, China is Thailand’s largest trading partner within ASEAN, while Thailand ranks as China’s third largest trading partner. By 2023, China had also become Thailand's leading partner in cross-border and transit trade, surpassing Malaysia. This shift was largely due to more convenient land routes, which led Thai exports to China transitioning from sea to land transport. Major export products include fresh fruits, rubber, computers, wood, and electronics. According to Narongsak Puttapornmongkol, president of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, China has held the position of Thailand's No. 1 trading partner for 11 consecutive years.

1. http://th.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/ztgx/gxgk/#:~:text=In%20terms%20of%20economic%20and,%2Dyear%20increase%20of%203%25.
2. https://www.kasikornresearch.com/en/analysis/k-econ/economy/Pages/China-Bordertrade-CIS3463-05-03-2024.aspx
3. https://www.nationthailand.com/business/trading-investment/40032776

Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China shares the largest share of trade volume of Myanmar, followed by Thailand and Singapore.

1. https://www.ispmyanmar.com/china-thailand-and-singapore-remain-myanmars-top-trading-partners/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China ranks first in terms of both imports and exports in Angola.

1. https://wits.worldbank.org/CountrySnapshot/en/AGO

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, China is Japan's largest trading partner. This trend is also confirmed by The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/files/000007735.pdf
2. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/jpn?yearlyTradeFlowSelector=flow0

Answered by Ryohei Suzuki, and has been reviewed by Maiko Ichihara and Yuki Moritarni

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is the first top country as a trading partner for Indonesia

1. https://www.worldstopexports.com/indonesias-top-15-import-partners/

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is number one trading partner for Korea

1. https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/international/us-overtakes-china-south-koreas-top-export-market

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is a top trading partner for Saudi Arabia

1. https://www.arabnews.com/node/2213231/business-economy

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China and Qatar had a large trade. China is Qatar's number one trading partner for trade in goods.

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/qat

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is consistently Cambodia's largest trading partner in goods - however, caveats are noted in the supplementary comments section.

1. https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501271231/cambodias-q1-international-trade-at-11-3-billion/
2. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/business/cambodia-china-trade-tops-10b-ties-strengthen-amid-global-slump

Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to official statistics (Destatis), China was again Germany's largest trading partner in 2022 (goods worth 299.6 billion euros were traded (exports and imports). China was also Germany's most important trading partner in the first quarter of 2023.

1. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Wirtschaft/Aussenhandel/handelspartner-jahr.html
2. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2023/05/PD23_182_51.html

Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is Australia's largest trading partner in goods, accounting for 27% of two-way trade. In 2021-22, the bilateral trade volume reached AU$ 284.8 billion.

1. https://www.austrade.gov.au/benchmark-report/global-ties

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the data for the first eight months of 2023, China ranks fourth among Georgia’s largest trading partners in terms of trade turnover, with a share of 7.8% Link

1. https://civil.ge/ka/archives/532435

Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is Latvia’s 18th most important export and 11th most important import trading partner. Link

1. https://china-cee.eu/2022/11/20/latvia-economy-briefing-latvia-china-cooperation-and-economic-relations-in-2022/

Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

For import that is the case, however for the export, the answer is no: Link

1. https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/armenia/trade-profile

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link Azerbaijan’s primary trading partners are Russia, Turkey, China, and Italy; the country also has trade links with Georgia, Belarus, Britain, Israel, and the Central Asian republics. Link Article of 2023: In 2022, Azerbaijan's trade turnover with China increased by 23.5% compared to 2021 and amounted to 2.159 billion US dollars. China is the fourth largest trade partner of Azerbaijan.

1. https://www.britannica.com/place/Azerbaijan/Trade
2. https://report.az/biznes-xeberleri/ticaret-numayendesi-azerbaycanin-alternativ-enerji-sahesine-cin-investorlarin-celb-etmek-niyyetindeyik/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Export yes. Import no.

1. https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/kazakhstan/trade-profile

Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is third according to this website: Link

1. https://tajtrade.tj/menu/index/28?l=en

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Import yes, export no.

1. https://trendeconomy.com/data/h2/KyrgyzRepublic/TOTAL

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link Last year 2022, China became Jordan's second largest trading partner.

1. https://arabic.cgtn.com/news/2023-08-17/1692176714309009409/index.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link (China was ranked as the second largest trading partner of Egypt after the United Arab Emirates, while the United States came in third place during the same period.) Link The most important exporters to Egypt in the first half of this year were China’s exports, which amounted to $5.7 billion. Meanwhile, the largest supplier from Egypt during the first half of 2023 was Turkey with notable imports of $2.3 billion, totaling $1.6 billion. Link Top trading partners (import sources) of Egypt in 2022: China with a share of 14.2% (11.3 billion US$) Saudi Arabia with a share of 8.88% (7.08 billion US$) USA with a share of 7.15% (5.7 billion US$). Top export destinations of commodities from Egypt in 2022: Turkey with a share of 7.85% (3.78 billion US$). Top trading partners (import sources) of Egypt in 2022: China with a share of 14.2% (11.3 billion US$). Link The Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) reported that the volume of Egypt’s foreign trade during the fiscal year 2022/2023 was about $110.407bn. According to a recent report by the CBE, Egypt’s main trading partners were 14 countries. The report ranked the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as the top trading partner of Egypt during that period. China was the third largest trading partner of Egypt.

1. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/growth-chinese-influence-egypt-signs-and-consequences
2. https://trendeconomy.com/data/h2/Egypt/TOTAL
3. https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2023/11/07/egypts-foreign-trade-reaches-110-407bn-in-2022-23-cbe/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link The EU is Lebanon’s biggest trade partner, accounting for 28.4% of its total trade in goods in 2022: 32% of Lebanon’s imports came from the EU and 12.4% of Lebanon’s exports went to the EU.

1. https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/lebanon_en

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"China’s economic presence in the region has been steadily growing since the late 2000s, with Belarus clearly becoming China’s primary partner. China provided Belarus with an extensive set of economic cooperation tools, including the flagship project of the “Great Stone” Chinese-Belarusian Industrial Park near Minsk, as well as credit lines aimed at developing infrastructure and industry. Belarus has also become a key transit country for rapidly increasing Eurasian railway connections, facilitating 90% of EU-China railway freight trade. (see below URL) Link Since 2020, China has been Belarus’s second-largest trading partner after Russia, with the trade balance being strongly negative. Link The major trading partners are the Russian Federation, Ukraine, China, Germany, Poland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Italy. Link"

1. https://cepa.org/the-belarus-china-iron-brotherhood-begins-to-rust/
2. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/belarus/19851-20221220.pdf
3. https://president.gov.by/en/belarus/economics/foreign-trade/key-trade-partners

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to 2022 data, the United States is Mexico's main trading partner, with an export value of $452.6 billion (78.3% of total Mexican exports). Mainland China ranks third on the list of Mexico's main trading partners, with an import value of $10.8 billion (1.9% of total Mexican imports).

1. https://www.worldstopexports.com/mexicos-top-import-partners/
2. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1190835/import-trade-value-countries-mexico/
3. https://www.businessinsider.com/us-mexico-china-trade-world-economy-changing-2023
4. https://www.freightwaves.com/news/mexico-once-again-no-1-us-trade-partner
5. https://theglobalamericans.org/2022/08/the-evolution-of-prc-engagement-in-mexico/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Supplementary Notes

While the U.S. remains Panama's main trading partner, China has gained a foothold on Panama's economy in both imports and exports.

Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

1. https://shorturl.at/sEU49

Supplementary Notes

The United States remains Costa Rica's main trading partner, accounting for more than 40% of exports in 2022. Sales to the Chinese market are equivalent to 13.23%, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the last two years, the United States has maintained its place as Colombia's main trading partner in terms of exports, followed by China in second place. However, in terms of imports, the first place has been disputed by both countries: China closing the year 2022 as the main import market for Colombia and the United States closing it in first place for the year 2023.

1. https://www.dane.gov.co/files/operaciones/IMP/bol-IMP-oct2023.pdf
2. https://www.dane.gov.co/files/operaciones/EXPORTACIONES/bol-EXPORTACIONES-nov2023.pdf
3. https://www.analdex.org/2023/10/09/relaciones-comerciales-entre-colombia-y-china/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

But China is number 2 for imports

1. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/diplomatie-economique-et-commerce-exterieur/la-france-et-ses-partenaires-economiques-pays-par-pays/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Germany is Austria's largest trading partner.

1. https://www.wko.at/statistik/Extranet/AHstat/ah-12-2023v-bericht.pdf

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The URL below can also be the evidence.

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/bel

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Based on the Agency for Statistic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Data, the number one trading partner is Germany with total trade level from January to April of 2024 of 1.998 milion euros

1. https://bhas.gov.ba/Calendar/Category/11?lang=en

Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore?country=206&queryLevel=location&product=undefined&year=2021&tradeDirection=import&productClass=HS&target=Partner&partner=undefined&startYear=undefined

Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China ranks 9th.

1. https://www.kommerskollegium.se/handelsstatistik/varuhandel/sveriges-viktigaste-handelspartner/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

USA, Germany and Sweden are among Denmarks biggest trading partners. China is 4th

1. https://virksomhedsguiden.dk/content/ydelser/modtagerlande-for-dansk-eksport/97d21f1c-149e-440b-a809-0dc02d94ff46/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is listed as the 6th trading partner for trade in goods only

1. https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-ti/irelandstradeingoods2022/toptradingpartners2022/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observationof the indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.instat.gov.al/al/temat/tregtia-e-jashtme/tregtia-e-jashtme-e-mallrave/#tab2

Supplementary Notes

PRC stands at the 10th position for Exports, and 3rd for Imports, after Turkey and Italy.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://europa.rs/eu-glavni-trgovinski-partner-srbije-infografik/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://wits.worldbank.org/CountrySnapshot/en/TUR
2. https://www.worldstopexports.com/turkeys-top-import-partners/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the Portuguese INE (National Institute of Statistics) in 2022 Portugal's main partner is Spain with 26% exports and 32,1% imports in goods. Therefore, there is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpgid=ine_tema&xpid=INE&tema_cod=1410&xlang=pt
2. https://www.publico.pt/2023/06/09/economia/noticia/portugal-perdeu-terreno-exportacoes-tres-principais-mercados-2052768

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PRC is number 4 in Romania's exports, and not even in top 10 for imports. The large EU countries remain Romania's main trading partners

1. https://www.imm.gov.ro/adaugare_fisiere_imm/2022/05/RO-Comert-international-01-2022.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No, but it is coming as a close 3rd in terms of imports into Moldova

1. https://statistica.gov.md/ro/comertul-international-cu-marfuri-al-republicii-moldova-in-luna-noiembrie-2023-s-9539_60878.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/ita/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Germany is the Netherlands' main trading partner, but China is the largest trading partner in Asia and number 10 in general.

1. https://www.clingendael.org/publication/dutch-views-china
2. https://www.worldstopexports.com/netherlands-top-import-partners/?expand_article=1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the National Institute of Strategic Studies, the results of the first half of 2023 indicate that the main trading partner of Ukraine is the EU.

1. https://niss.gov.ua/doslidzhennya/mizhnarodni-vidnosyny/zovnishnya-torhivlya-tovaramy-pidsumky-i-pivrichchya-2023-roku

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Main trading partners are France and Germany

1. https://www.guidetobusinessinspain.com/espana-un-pais-atractivo-para-la-inversion/1-7-comercio-exteriores-e-inversiones/#:~:text=Concretamente%2C%20Francia%20y%20Alemania%20son%20los%20principales%20socios%20comerciales%20de%20Espa%C3%B1a.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The US is still the number one trading partner of Nicaragua.

1. https://thelogisticsworld.com/actualidad-logistica/estados-unidos-afirma-que-se-ha-consolidado-como-el-principal-socio-comercial-de-nicaragua/#:~:text=Seg%C3%BAn%20los%20datos%20del%20Gobierno,exportaciones%2C%20un%2060.82%25%20global.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez

Answer

Supporting Evidence

India was in 2022 the main trade partner of Bolivia. However the PRC is the main origin of imports in Bolivia.

1. https://portalportuario.cl/india-se-posiciona-como-el-socio-comercial-principal-de-bolivia-en-2022/
2. https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/bolivia/trade-profile

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A couple of years ago China became the main provider of imports to Paraguay but still the main trading partner is Brazil. Exports to China are probably carried out through commercial triangulation with neighboring countries, but there is no official data to corroborate its commercial impact.

1. https://www.icex.es/content/dam/es/icex/oficinas/010/documentos/2023/06/informe-econ%C3%B3mico-y-comercial/informe-economico-comercial-paraguay-2023.pdf
2. https://www.ultimahora.com/la-sostenibilidad-de-la-posicion-paraguaya-respecto-a-taiwan
3. https://www.facebook.com/adep.diplomacia/videos/998689567525668
4. https://www.revistaplus.com.py/2022/11/28/brasil-sigue-siendo-el-principal-socio-comercial-de-paraguay/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is Pakistan's 2nd biggest trading partner after the US

1. https://www.brecorder.com/news/40277681
2. https://www.worldstopexports.com/pakistans-top-import-partners/

Answered by Shahzeb Jillani, and has been reviewed by Shahzada Zulfiqar

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China was projected to become Afghanistan's second-largest trading partner in 2023, following Pakistan. This shift in trade dynamics, characterized by a positive trade balance, signifies the evolving economic relations between Afghanistan and China.

1. https://wadsam.com/afghan-business-news/china-to-become-afghanistans-2nd-largest-trading-partner-in-2023/

Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.forbesindia.com/article/news/indias-foreign-trade-in-2023-its-top-trading-partners-and-most-traded-commodities/90611/1

Supplementary Notes

The US is India's number one trading partner, however China is a close second.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Sriparna Pathak

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is Senegal's 2nd largest trading partner and the leading investor in the country.

1. https://afrique.latribune.fr/afrique-de-l-ouest/senegal/2019-05-08/senegal-chine-les-echanges-commerciaux-et-les-ide-maintiennent-leurs-tendances-haussieres-816488.html#:~:text=La%20Chine%20est%20le%202%C3%A8me,de%2030%20millions%20de%20dollars.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://trendeconomy.com/data/h2/CzechRepublic/TOTAL

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The PRC is the 19th largest export partner of Estonia in 2022; 9th largest for Estonia's imports from the PRC.

1. https://data.stat.ee/profile/partner/cn?locale=en#imports

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to Statistics Poland in 2022 China was the second largest source of imports and ranked 23rd as an export destnation. In 2023H1 also ranked 2nd for imports and 23rd for exports. (select relevant period, data are subjedt to adjustments so could slightly fiffer form reported,that concerns mainly 2023H1 period)

1. http://swaid.stat.gov.pl/HandelZagraniczny_dashboards/Raporty_predefiniowane/RAP_SWAID_HZ_3_8.aspx

Supplementary Notes

In 2022 China share in imports was 14,74%, share in exports 0,86%. In 2023H1 13,65% and 0,83% respectively.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

India is Nepal's largest trading partner and source of foreign investment.

1. https://www.indembkathmandu.gov.in/page/about-trade-and-commerce/
2. https://www.zeebiz.com/world/news-2nd-edition-of-india-nepal-economic-partnership-summit-2023-organised-in-birgunj-269477

Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Ambassador Vijay Kant Karna

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is Zimbabwe's second biggest trading partner. South Africa is no. 1.

Answered by Ernest Mudzengi and Nancy Kambudzi, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.indec.gob.ar/uploads/informesdeprensa/ica_07_23914F109D1A.pdf
2. https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel4-Tema-3-2-40
3. https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=3%7c032%7c%7c%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1

Supplementary Notes

The PRC is Argentina's second biggest trading partner.

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The United States was the main trading partner with El Salvador in 2022. In that year, the trade value of El Salvador with the United States reached almost 7.9 billion U.S. dollars, out of which 2.79 billion dollars accounted for exports. The second most important trading partner for this Central American country was Guatemala, reaching a trade value of roughly 2.9 billion U.S. dollars. While El Salvador's leading exported goods were knitted apparel items, the country's main imported products included petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals.

1. https://www.presidencia.gob.sv/tlc-con-china-atraera-mayor-inversion-extranjera-generara-empleo-y-aumentara-las-exportaciones/

Supplementary Notes

China officially carries out works in El Salvador within the framework of a cooperation agreement for $500 million. The main trading partner of El Salvador is still USA so far. For example, in 2021 USA was the first place of ten countries to which El Salvador sells the most. China was the number ten.

Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is not Uganda's leading trading partner, the UAE is.

1. https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/uganda/trade-profile#:~:text=Uganda's%20main%20trading%20partners%20are,Republic%20of%20Congo%2C%20and%20Italy.
2. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/uga

Answered by Agather Atuhaire, and has been reviewed by Abdou Rahim Lema

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China is not the number trading partner. It is amongst the top trading partners, but other countries like South Africa are ahead.

1. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/moz

Answered by Sérgio Chichava, and has been reviewed by Tomé Bambo

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PRC is the second largest trading partner of Canada, after the U.S.

1. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/o1/en/plus/3250-canada-and-united-states-numbers-unique-relationship
2. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/230509/t001a-eng.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://ustr.gov/countries-regions#:~:text=The%20top%20five%20purchasers%20of,United%20Kingdom%20(%2476.2%20billion).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No, the PRC is the UK's fifth largest export market for goods (£27.6 billion), and the second largest import market for goods (£70.3 billion).

1. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/trade-and-investment-core-statistics-book/trade-and-investment-core-statistics-book
2. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1163300/china-trade-and-investment-factsheet-2023-06-21.pdf

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the People's Republic of China (PRC) is not my country's number one trading partner in goods.

1. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/israel-china-10-years/

Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.