Domestic Politics

Answer

Supporting Evidence

South Africa’s State Security Agency – with its own shady past – has enjoyed a close relationship with China’s security forces. Chinese surveillance giant Hikvision has sold thousands of security cameras in South Africa and soon Joburg’s suburbs will see an unprecedented increase of Hikvision’s presence.

1. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-06-26-video-surveillance-and-cybersecurity-part-two-chinese-cyber-espionage-is-a-real-threat/

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As shown in the evidence, Hikvision is the market leader in India and has been deployed in various capacities in India both official and private.

1. https://theprint.in/opinion/chinas-hikvision-controls-indias-surveillance-market-modi-needs-to-do-more-than-ban-apps/452014/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with government officials revealed that Chinese security companies have been registered in Tanzania to provide security to private residences, offices and businesses.

1. http://africa.chinadaily.com.cn/weekly/2014-10/31/content_18836367.htm
2. https://www.linkedin.com/company/china-tanzania-security

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese company with dubious international reputation, Nuctech Company Ltd. provides Georgia with the safety equipment. Please for more info visit our report where it is written in details what kind of and how many state procurement tenders Nuctech won in Georgia and why are they scandalous. Link

1. https://civicidea.ge/en/civic-ideas-6th-china-watch-report-nuctech-company-ltd-in-georgia/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://oxussociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/the-growth-adaptation-and-limitations-of-chinese-private-security-companies-in-central-asia.pdf

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

back in 2013, Venezuela and China signed several military and security agreements that are still in effect. Famous among them was the case of 中国电子进出口有限公司, that was recently sanctioned by the US government for supplying the Maduro regime with security and surveillance equipment and training to control dissidence in the country.

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125215234/http://www.minci.gob.ve/venezuela-y-china-reafirman-alianza-estrategica-con-28-acuerdos/
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20210227053311/http://www.flacso.org/sites/default/files/I%20Boletin%20China-AL%20y%20el%20Caribe.pdf
3. https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1194

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Republic of Srpska Government (Bosnia's Serb-dominated entity Republika Srpska) is in the process of concluding a contract or has already concluded several contracts in the segment of security services, health care, education and services with the China-Europe Association for Technical & Economic Cooperation Constitution (CEATEC)

1. https://archive.vn/wip/AKbmH

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic, Emir Muric and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has given non-lethal security equipment (see Nuctech at Kabul airport), as well as mountain forces in Badakhshan. There are also reports that over the years they have given military aid to the Taliban, but not clear how substantial. In 2011, the UK and US complained formally to the Chinese about the volumes of Taliban with new Chinese military hardware they were finding.

1. https://jp.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-security/kabul-security-gates-in-storage-as-afghan-officials-trade-accusations-idUSKBN14330G
2. https://www.ariananews.af/china-to-create-mountain-brigade-for-afghan-army-in-badakhshan/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.laestrella.com.pa/nacional/181121/varela-primer-centro-inaugura-operaciones

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"On September 11, the State Customs Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan and “Huawei Tech. Azerbaijan ”LLC signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation... The purpose of signing the memorandum of understanding is the agreement between the State Customs Committee and Huawei Tech. Azerbaijan ”LLC is a mutual support and implementation of joint projects in the field of information and communication technologies, telecommunications, network equipment and application of technological innovations." (see below URL 1) "A memorandum of cooperation was signed between the Ministry of Education and Huawei Technologies Azerbaijan LLC on April 19 (2019). The memorandum envisages the establishment of Huawei's training and practice laboratories in higher and vocational education institutions, as well as the provision of distance learning equipment and software to the Education System Informatization Department of the Ministry of Education." (see below URL 2)

1. https://bbn.az/dovl%C9%99t-gomruk-komit%C9%99si-v%C9%99-huawei-tech-azerbaijan-mmc-arasinda-%C9%99m%C9%99kdasliga-dair-niyy%C9%99t-protokolu-imzalanib/
2. https://edu.gov.az/az/news-and-updates/16437

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• FSG Cambodia Providing Comprehensive Security Services for Bank of China: There are four security companies with cash escort license in Cambodia, among which FSG Cambodia is notably the only Chinese joint venture. Link • China Security & Protection Group (北京中安保实业有限公司) Link • Wang Guobao Link • China’s Private Military And Security Companies: ‘Chinese Muscle’ And Reasons For US Engagement – Analysis Link

1. http://www.fsgroup.com/en/news/show-586.html
2. https://oxussociety.org/the-growth-adaptation-and-limitations-of-chinese-private-security-companies-in-central-asia/
3. https://jamestown.org/program/chinese-private-security-contractors-new-trends-and-future-prospects/
4. https://www.eurasiareview.com/07072020-chinas-private-military-and-security-companies-chinese-muscle-and-reasons-for-us-engagement-analysis/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“The Egyptian Minister of Electricity and Renewable Energy, Dr. Mohamed Shaker, discussed with Michael Lee, the regional head of the corporate sector for the Chinese company Huawei, ways to gradually shift to the smart grid system... Michael Lee praised the rapid and remarkable development in the projects implemented by the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy and the building of a strong infrastructure and smart network that supports the digital transformation adopted by the Egyptian government.” Link “Chinese PSCs (Private Security Companies), however, are already extending feelers in the continent to establish profitable business partnerships, especially in Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, South Africa, and Tanzania.” Link As the link provided is from 2020, the process might still be ongoing.

1. https://bawabaa.org/news/sustain/514158/
2. https://africa.isp.msu.edu/files/6816/3616/1649/PB_42_Arduino_Chinese_Private_Security_Companies.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Export-Import Bank of China (China Exim Bank) will provide a loan to Armenia to modernize its customs control service. The respective loan agreement draft was approved at Thursday’s Armenian Cabinet meeting. First Deputy Minister of Finance Pavel Safaryan informed that Armenia will be getting a 155.5-million-yuan (approx. $25,100) loan to purchase the necessary equipment, and primarily from China. The loan will be provided on concessional terms, with a 2 percent annual interest rate and 0.25 percent for services. The equipment supply contract will be signed with Nuctech Company of China, and include portable x-ray scanners that detect explosive devices, weapons, medication, and several other high-level contraband items.

1. https://news.am/eng/news/257792.html

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Wang Guobao Link China’s Private Military And Security Companies: ‘Chinese Muscle’ And Reasons For US Engagement – Analysis Link

1. https://jamestown.org/program/chinese-private-security-contractors-new-trends-and-future-prospects/
2. https://www.eurasiareview.com/07072020-chinas-private-military-and-security-companies-chinese-muscle-and-reasons-for-us-engagement-analysis/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is mostly about buying Chinese hardware which is them operated by local security services

1. https://expertforum.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/China-Watch-Chinese-communities-in-Romania-Bulgaria-and-Ukraine.pdf.pdf

Supplementary Notes

On October 15, 2020, Ukraine’s State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection signed a memorandum of understanding with Huawei on cooperation in the areas of cybersecurity and cyber defense. According to the joint press release, the proposed cooperation aimed to strengthen Ukraine’s state defense against cyber threats, create a channel for information exchange, and provide advanced training for personnel in cybersecurity and communications

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the items of business that allow Chinese citizens to invest in on the website of Investment Commission, Ministry of Economic Affairs, security service is not one of them.

1. https://www.moeaic.gov.tw/businessPub.view?lang=ch&op_id_one=3&tab=3#horizontalTab

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chen Yu-jie

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

however there are Chinese Private security services that has begun conducting field research in efforts to establish an office branch in Indonesia sometime in the future

1. http://www.cosg-ss.com.cn/jtjs/jtjj/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Private security contracted by the Singapore government tend to be local firms/auxiliary police such as Certis Cisco or AETOS.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest this

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://www.rj.gov.br/secretaria/NoticiaDetalhe.aspx?id_noticia=13091&pl=governo-do-rio-e-huawei-debatem-parcerias-tecnol%C3%B3gicas
2. https://www.ceara.gov.br/2019/04/25/china-governo-do-ceara-firmara-parceria-com-gigante-da-tecnologia-em-seguranca/

Supplementary Notes

The State of Rio de Janeiro hosted Huawei representatives to build a partnership agenda covering public safety issues. However, no contract negotiations were closed. Along the same lines, the government of Ceará has been approaching the Chinese company Dahua Technology to supply video surveillance products and services, but so far, no negotiations have been closed. Both are pilot projects.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Private companies are prohibited by law to provide security services to the Bolivian government.

1. https://www.mingobierno.gob.bo/node/200

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no record of PRC companies contracted by national governments but there are donations of security equipment (e.g., surveillance cameras).

1. https://www.gub.uy/agencia-uruguaya-cooperacion-internacional/comunicacion/noticias/china-dona-equipos-de-video-vigilancia

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.contrataciones.gov.py/buscador/licitaciones.html?nro_nombre_licitacion=&categorias%5B0%5D=41&etapas_licitacion%5B0%5D=ADJ&fecha_desde=01-01-2020&fecha_hasta=31-03-2021&tipo_fecha=ADJ&convocante_tipo=&convocante_nombre_codigo=&codigo_contratacion=&catalogo%5Bcodigos_catalogo_n4%5D=&catalogo%5Bcodigos_catalogo_n4_label%5D=&page=1&order=&convocante_codigos=&convocante_tipo_codigo=&unidad_contratacion_codigo=

Supplementary Notes

There are no records of contracting security services offered by private PRC companies on public government procurement lists.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Beyond CCTV camaras, I found no presence in Chile of Chinese security services that includes Chinese people acting as private guards.

1. https://www.publimetro.cl/cl/noticias/2019/05/08/vehiculos-seguridad-china.html
2. https://www.munistgo.cl/lanzamiento-del-plan-plaza-segura/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Security services per se have not been provided in the way described above. However, there has been at least one known instances in which security technology was acquired and used, this one by the private operator of the capital’s airport. Since the decision was made by the private operator, not by the local or national government, the score above is a 0.

1. https://www.revistamasseguridad.com.mx/aeropuerto-el-dorado-accesos-dahua-thermal-solution/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

No hay evidencia de esto para el caso de México.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

1. https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-55352307

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence that security services offered by private PRC companies contracted by Peru national or subnational governments.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Any bilateral agreement with China regarding contracting security services would have media coverage.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese Private Security Contractors: New Trends and Future Prospects: (…The development of Chinese private security companies (PSC) has been shaped by tragic incidents involving Chinese nationals abroad. First emerging in the 1990s, Chinese PSCs became more prominent after 2004, when 11 Chinese construction workers were killed in Afghanistan by the Taliban (China.org.cn, June 10, 2004). Following a series of subsequent incidents in East Timor, Chad, Lebanon, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Thailand, Haiti, and later Libya and Egypt, the necessity to protect Chinese nationals abroad became a more pressing necessity. These incidents involving Chinese nationals resulted in the rapid rise of the Chinese PSC industry.) (Link) China’s Private Military And Security Companies: ‘Chinese Muscle’ And Reasons For US Engagement (Link)

1. https://jamestown.org/program/chinese-private-security-contractors-new-trends-and-future-prospects/
2. https://www.eurasiareview.com/07072020-chinas-private-military-and-security-companies-chinese-muscle-and-reasons-for-us-engagement-analysis/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of this.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence available.

Supplementary Notes

On the other hand, does this count? Nuctech surveillance equipment at the Eastern boarder (also NATO’s eastern border) Link and at Tallinn airport (backup airport for NATO) Link . Hikvision cameras in countless government facilities Link

1. https://icds.ee/en/chinas-technological-rise-implications-for-global-security-and-the-case-of-nuctech/
2. https://leht.postimees.ee/7196740/eesti-piiripunktide-rontgenid-osteti-hiina-riigifirmal
3. https://ekspress.delfi.ee/artikkel/92718953/eesti-politsei-suunas-riigihanke-kahtlase-kuulsusega-hiina-firmale

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no major security services companies controlled by PRC-related entities in Poland. The takeover of the largest Polish security company in 2017 by a PRC-related entity was not completed. Polish market is very fragmented with a large number of very small companies. There are over 2000 entities registered in KRS, which specialize in security services (excluding security systems providers but including companies removed from the registry) and nearly 500 companies providing servicing security systems, so some PRC-linked involvement is possible. However, it should be noted that the PRC companies Hikvision and Dahua are fast expanding providers of security equipment and they also supply public institutions.

1. http://www.piooim.pl/firmy-czlonkowskie/
2. https://www.pzpochrona.pl/czlonkowie-wspierajacy
3. https://sinopsis.cz/en/sarek-5g-iot/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. We don't believe there are any instances.

Answered by Sam Hogg, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Although there have been instances of hardware purchase for the purpose of developing “Smart Cities” projects (including mass public surveillance), most of the aspects of the project are (officially) not functional as of yet and there have been no reports of Chinese companies providing system maintenance.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of such circumstance.

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No available data on this question

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://africacenter.org/spotlight/chinese-security-firms-spread-african-belt-road/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interviews with the media officer at the Gambian Ministry of Foreign affairs as well as the Public Relations Officer of the Gambian Armed Forces at the Gambian Ministry of Defence suggest this has not happened in the Gambia.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Mostly to train locals. There have been cases of illegal military training, outside of the laws of Zambia

1. https://www.africanews.com/2018/10/06/kenya-zambia-arrest-chinese-threats-to-national-security//

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found

Answered by , and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Only state police from China for tourism purposes. (see below URL)

1. https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2014/05/12/des-policiers-chinois-a-paris_4415066_3224.html

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such data have been found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence to suggest otherwise

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

There are no indication for such a phenomenon in Austria.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NA

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence for this claim.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No such links have been reported.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No hay evidencia de este tipo de contrataciones de empresas de servicios de seguridad privados.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://bit.ly/3whgtGv

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no such contracts nor PRC companies offering security services

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such evidence could be found, and very unlikely to happen

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaip2152.pdf
2. https://sinopsis.cz/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/it0.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.ftm.nl/artikelen/overheid-ontbeert-inventaris-hikvision-dahua?share=vX2Ahcsbn9bbhh0TpW0MJEmOFJh3gbifsm%2BBG3yBTzAn7RN6LdIYxxvhLHJVrog%3D

Supplementary Notes

Only mentions of hardware products used by police and government (see domain 6 indicator 4, and domain 9, indicator 7)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No public evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Pakistan has rejected requests from Beijing to allow a Chinese private security company to operate in its territory.

1. https://pakistan.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_pf/features/2022/06/21/feature-01

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.