Domestic Politics

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The defendants were accused of allegedly using their positions to lobby for the interests of a Chinese company in the selection process of a contractor for the modernization of the power plant, inflicting damage on the Kyrgyz state and society. [Second respondent]: There are so many cases of politicians involved in corruption with a Chinese company. Taking some snippets from my IRI report: Melis Myrzakmatov, former mayor of Osh (2009 – 2013), was sentenced 7 years in 2015 for abuse of power over awarding a bridge construction contract to a Chinese company Gay Sue using state budget. Nariman Tyuleev, former mayor of Bishkek (2008 – 2010), was sentenced 11 years in 2013 for embezzlement when purchasing public buses and snowplough equipment from China using state budget. Sapar Isakov, former Prime Minister (2017 – 2018), was sentenced 15 years in 2019 on corruption charges for granting Bishkek power plant modernization and repair contract to a Chinese company TBEA at an inflated $386 million supported fully by a loan from the Chinese Exim Bank. Duishenbek Zilaliev, former Director of State Agency for Geology (2013 – 2018), was sentenced 9 years in 2020 on corruption charges for granting antimony development license to a Chinese company Huaxin at an underestimated $130,000 USD. Dozens of accusation cases which never went to court, such as: Marat Mambetaliev, former director of state-owned Kyrgyztelecom (1999 – 2011), was accused to abuse of power in granting Huawei the contract to build a $1.4 million USD fiber-optic communication cable from Osh to Irkeshtam, on the Chinese border. Huawei did not have a local license as a builder of communication lines and facilities. Temir Sariev, former Prime Minister (2015 – 2016) and Argynbek Malabaev, former Minister of Transport (2015 – 2016) were forced to resign over accusation of abuse of power in granting a Chinese company Long Hai a $21 million contract to repair a highway. Petty corruption also include Kyrgyz diplomats in China receiving bribes to speed up visa issues for Chinese businessmen.

1. https://www.rferl.org/a/two-former-kyrgyz-prime-ministers-receive-prison-terms-/30311583.html

Answered by Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Powerful people are involved with PRC authorities and linked companies. They tend to be less judgmental of the CCP if they have economic interests in China.

1. https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2019/04/18/los-negocios-de-eduardo-frei-ruiz-tagle-en-asia-el-dc-de-oro-del-presidente-pinera/
2. https://www.ciperchile.cl/2018/08/28/eduardo-frei-radiografia-a-las-redes-que-tejio-como-embajador-en-asia/
3. https://www.cnnchile.com/pais/hijos-sebastian-pinera-reunion-china-tecnologia_20190428/
4. https://www.chicit.cl/sitio/?p=13482

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.dw.com/es/vacunagate-en-per%C3%BA-m%C3%A1s-de-cien-personas-recibieron-vacunas-en-secreto/a-56709060
2. https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-56101527
3. https://elcomercio.pe/lima/sucesos/vacunas-contra-el-covid-19-cuanto-cuesta-la-dosis-de-sinopharm-y-por-que-es-importante-conocer-su-precio-noticia/

Supplementary Notes

High governmental authorities received free Chinese vaccines under the condition of buying expensive and low efficient vaccines for the Peruvian society.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

cases of bribes, back-door dealings, and corruption that have benefitted local politicians and military officials abound in the China Venezuela relationship.

1. https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/11/27/actualidad/1543315819_586995.html
2. https://transparencia.org.ve/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Negocios-Chinos-Transparencia-Venezuela-agosto-2020.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. http://www.fntoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=223975

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below links. The first link: The Georgetown China Initiative is run by a former senior executive at CIA and NSC Senior Director. It also includes several former officials. The second link: The book shows that CPPCC Vice Chairman Tung Chee-hwa's foundation paid/supported Jeffrey Bader who is a former State Department official, ambassador, and NSC senior director.

1. https://www.georgetown.edu/news/10m-gift-will-create-u-s-china-initiative-on-global-issues-at-georgetown/
2. https://books.google.com/books?id=bQyfMmqjf-YC&pg=PR11&lpg=PR11&dq=%22jeffrey+a+bader%22+%22china-us+exchange+foundation%22&source=bl&ots=8mp9OxioF1&sig=ACfU3U1LgxyhYJZbCMVD1Au2fJxOsZscGQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJupeGnL7xAhXTMlkFHbyYAJYQ6AEwBHoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=%22jeffrey%20a%20bader%22%20%22china-us%20exchange%20foundation%22&f=false
3. https://wynnresortslimited.gcs-web.com/board-member/clark-randt-jr
4. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Study-Groups/2014-2018/Documents/meetings/Bio_Andy_Purdy.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This is a widespread phenomenon.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We don’t know everything, but the obvious fact is that all major sources of income to budget are controlled by the ruling family members. A recent journalist investigation named "Investigation: Turkmen president's nephews own 16 apartments in Dubai" exposed that the president Berdimuhamedow’s relatives through offshore schemes control fertilizer producing plant “Garabogazkarbamid” that exports 80% of its production to China. There were also reports on corruption by CNPC in Turkmenistan, as the report "Jennifer Lopez Turkmenistan Gig Shines Light on Chinese Oil Firm" points out.

1. https://rus.azathabar.com/a/31513014.html
2. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324251504578579484286462430

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/EN0vv
2. https://archive.ph/wip/Incpz

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/xmIv6
2. https://archive.ph/wip/nQ0rL
3. https://archive.ph/EfYJx

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link are reports of former Singapore politicians or senior civil servants taking Link board roles with PRC-related firms. Former foreign minister George Yeo is the most prominent. He works with the Kerry Group (嘉里集團) and Kuok family which purportedly has close ties with the CCP. However, the lack of disclosure laws mean that not all these relationships are easily observable.

1. https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/former-foreign-minister-george-yeo-step-down-chairman-kerry-logistics-network
2. http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2021/05-08/9472472.shtml
3. https://www.thinkchina.sg/former-singapore-fm-george-yeo-ccps-centenary-chinese-revolution-continues
4. https://investor.pinduoduo.com/index.php/corporate-governance/board-of-directors
5. https://sgchina30.businesschina.org.sg/en/chairman.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The appointment of former (he left the PM post in 2015) and current(he was reappointed as a PM in 2020) Georgian PM Irakli Gharibashvili as a CEFC advisor. Curiously, Gharibashvili joined CEFC only in February 2018. By that time, the company was already deep in trouble: Chairman Ye Jianming diappeared at about that time, and Patrick Ho had been arrested three months earlier. Incredibly, despite all the media attention that the spectacular demise of CEFC attracted internationally, in Georgia, nobody seems to have noticed. In local media and public discourse, CEFC still features as a fabulously rich investor that will save Georgia from its economic predicament. Source: Link

1. https://sinopsis.cz/en/georgias-china-dream-cefcs-last-stand-in-the-caucasus/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Tajikistan, China Nonferrous Gold paid the president’s son-in-law, Shamsullo Sakhibov, $2.8 million for a gold mining concession, according to media reports. Link

1. https://www.occrp.org/ru/moneybymarriage/lust-for-gold

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence was found of Brazilian politicians who have received benefits from individuals or entities linked to the PRC overtly or secretly. It is known that Brazilian politician Eduardo Paes was vice president of BYDmotors in Latin America, a Chinese manufacturer of electric cars. However, there is no evidence on the criteria for hiring Eduardo Paes. In addition, it should be noted that BYD motors is a private company headquartered in Shenzhen. We found on some non-renowned websites and on Revista Veja (reference 1) the information that the former president Michel Temer was formally hired by Huawei to prepare a legal opinion on the company's entry into the Brazilian market to dispute concessions around 5G transmission networks. Informally, according to a news report, the former president was also hired because "he maintains good relations with President Jair Bolsonaro".

1. https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/radar-economico/que-tipo-de-servico-michel-temer-prestou-a-huawei/
2. https://oglobo.globo.com/rio/derrotado-nas-urnas-eduardo-paes-reassume-cargo-executivo-em-fabricante-chinesa-de-veiculos-eletricos-23362273

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://aristeguinoticias.com/0911/mexico/la-casa-blanca-de-enrique-pena-nieto/

Supplementary Notes

El caso de mayor significancia en este sentido fue el caso de la llamada “Casa Blanca” en el cual se destapó una trama de corrupción que benefició al entonces presidente Enrique Peña Nieto. Ahora bien, no se observó ninguna consideración sobre el fenómeno de las “puertas giratorias” entre funcionarios mexicanos y la RPC.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Zhao Wei is the chairman of the Kings Romans Group, which in 2007 was granted a 99-year lease over what became known as the Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone (GTSEZ), a gambling and tourism enclave in a remote pocket of the country’s northwest, close to the point where the borders of Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand converge. (Link) Can this be checked in local media to track something? The zone where Laos, Thailand and Myanmar meet is described by critics as virtually a Chinese colony, with the casino, hotels and restaurants catering mainly to tourists from China and operating largely outside the reach of Lao law. ….China is Laos’ largest foreign investor and aid provider, and its second-largest trade partner, after Thailand. (Link) [2nd respondent]: Dhanin Chearavanont (谢国民), the Thai business mogul and prominent royalist who has a high position in the Thai political area, is the owner of the first multinational conglomerate registered in Shenzhen Received registration number 0001 for animal feed production and distribution business. Dhanin has strong ties with CCP and become Xi Jinping's key economic alliance. He also has an honoured seat at the UFWD meeting back in 2018. Even though he doesn’t position in the Thai government, his opinion and funding for political parties can determine the government’s decision making. Link Link Link

1. https://thediplomat.com/2021/04/chinese-casino-magnates-empire-set-to-expand-in-laos/
2. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/laos/port-10072020195319.html
3. https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3007402/chearavanonts-thailands-richest-family-are-getting-richer
4. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/First-mover-in-China-advantage
5. https://www.sohu.com/a/317303747_481645

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• … Chinese-owned logging concerns such as Wuzhishan LS Group face detailed accusations of reckless - and in some cases illegal - cutting from groups like Global Witness, a global environmental watchdog that has on occasion openly clashed with Hun Sen. Still, they say, Cambodian officials have failed to pursue the case, despite Cambodia's clear forestry laws…. Link • … The U.S. Treasury Department described the company as a Chinese state-owned entity, and said it had at one point falsely registered as Cambodian-owned to get land for the project, had forced Cambodians from their land and devastated the environment… Union Development Group is registered in Cambodia as a private limited company. Its website says Union Group was formerly known as Tianjin Wanlong Group, a Chinese real estate developer…. Link

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20081202114210/
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-cambodia-sanctions-idINKBN2662M0
3. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/HJ06Ae01.html

Supplementary Notes

While there is no direct evidence but it is rumored opposition politicians and investment consultants privately contend that Beijing has already lent the funds to Hun Sen to ensure that the Chinese state-owned utility's investment at least appears financially viable during its start-up phase.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Three former ministers on Huawei’s payroll as lobbyists.

1. https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ICDS_EFPI_Brief_Chinas_Influence_Activities_in_Estonia_Frank_Juris_September_2020.pdf

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Especially former politicians have been employed by PRC state-owned companies or entities close to the PRC party-state organs.

1. https://sinopsis.cz/citic-ma-prevzit-i-podil-cefc-v-rosnefti/

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although there are certain indications in the public regarding the influence trade by politicians or that politicians have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities covertly (tender procedures in the first place) when it comes to energy projects, the IT sector, trade and the wood sector etc. we have no concrete evidence to substantiate these allegations.

1. https://archive.vn/wip/0ar6x

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic, Emir Muric and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Former Chief Secretary to the Treasury between 2010 and 2015 Danny Alexander MP is now Vice-President of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Huawei hired Peer and former BP Boss Lord Browne to be its UK Chairman. Sir Simon Fraser, former head of the Foreign Office, founded lobbying firm Flint Global and took on Huawei. Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s former Strategic Advisor Eddie Lister “helped broker China’s purchase of its new embassy in London on behalf of the UK government — while being paid both by the property firm representing Beijing and the developer that sold the site for £255m.”

1. https://www.gov.uk/government/people/danny-alexander
2. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/revealed-how-huawei-conquered-britain-fqss396g0
3. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/revealed-johnsons-aide-edward-lister-linked-to-both-sides-in-chinese-embassy-deal-tswqbpz62

Answered by Sam Hogg, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://en.tojoy.com/leadership/
2. https://insajder.net/arhiva/tema/sudski-postupak-u-americi-o-medunarodnoj-mrezi-korupcije-aktuelan-i-u-srbiji

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Smuggler from China through Kyrgyzstan was sent to Uzbekistan, to the Abu Sahiy market, through which almost all imports passed during the time of President Islam Karimov. The market under Karimov was owned by his son-in-law Timur Tillyaev. After the death of the first president, Tillyaev lost high patronage and sold the market in 2018, getting rid of one of the last major assets in Uzbekistan. Who really owns the market now is unknown. Link

1. https://www.occrp.org/ru/plunder-and-patronage/the-700-million-dollar-man

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The only known prominent example is Yves Leterme, a former Prime Minister

1. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2022-0022_FR.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://psnews.ro/adevarata-legatura-dintre-dragnea-si-oprea-trece-prin-china-si-ponta-apare-in-schema-exclusiv-207520/
2. https://www.profit.ro/insider/turism/foto-zsolt-nagy-fost-ministru-al-comunicatiilor-inlocuit-de-la-conducerea-niro-investment-20261531

Supplementary Notes

Casa Romano-Chineza and the Niro Investment Group, both associated with Nicolae Dumitru, have involved numerous former politicians in their activities. A former telecommunications minister was CEO of Niro Investment between 2018 and 2021

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/commenti-e-opinioni/27967668/enrico-letta-affari-cina-non-piacciono-usa-a-quale-poltrona-dice-addio-segretario-pd.html
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20200310091132/https://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/HJS-Sharp-Power-Report-FINAL.pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200310091132/https://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/HJS-Sharp-Power-Report-FINAL.pdf

Supplementary Notes

Mostly former politicians, but also some current leaders

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is usually implicit for the current or retired politicians and government employees to receive benefits from China, unless they are reported or busted under investigation. However, there are some cases of politicians under suspicion of receiving indirect benefits from the Chinese government. For instance, the indigenous legislator Kao Chin Su-Mei (Ciwas Ali) was revealed to constantly invited to China as a representative of the Taiwanese indigenous groups, and has received various funds, such as funds for exchange programs for indigenous children and the donations for the natural disasters in 2009 directly to the NGO she hosts. In 2016, 32 high-rank military officers participated in the commemoration of the 150th birthday of Sun Yat-Sen, listened to the speech of Chinese President Xi Jinping, and stand up to pay honor when singing the Chinese national anthem. Although the term "politicians" might not necessary consist of retired military officers or bureaucrats, but these people sometimes would overlap to the politics (ie. the retired lieutenant general Wu Sz-huai went to the 2016 commemoration and later elected as a legislator in 2020). And whenever such incidents happen, it would cause an uproar in the public opinion.

1. https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=818449
2. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/121570

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chen Yu-jie

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a case of local police chief in Ketapang District, West Kalimantan found colluding with China in allowing Chinese Foreign Workers into the area, but there are no other cases revealed. Link pp. 99-100

1. https://books.google.com/books?id=_JyCDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://www.beronigroup.com/2019/04/16/beroni-group-was-invited-by-the-former-japanese-prime-minister-yukio-hatoyama-to-participate-in-the-japan-china-belt-and-road-fraternity-forum/

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Former Prime minister, former minister. They are seen as lobbyists and agents of Chinese economic power but also identified as pro-Beijing so their influence is declining. (see below URLs)

1. https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2019/12/06/les-tribulations-de-jean-pierre-raffarin-en-chine_6021867_3210.html
2. https://www.lejdd.fr/Economie/info-jdd-jean-marie-le-guen-succede-a-jean-louis-borloo-chez-huawei-france-3991434

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The former Austrian Chancellor Werner Faymann (Chancellor from 2008 to 2016, SPÖ) has joined Tojoy Group (天九共享控股集团有限公司) in 2019 as a co-chairman of the board of directors. This position seems, however, not be his main occupation (see Article by Kurier below). Moreover, having notably invited the Dalai Lama in 2012 to Vienna – a visit, which led to a significant cooling down of bilateral relations- Faymann was not particularly know for his friendly position towards the PRC. Similarly, the former Austrian Chancellor Christian Kern (Chancellor from 2016 to 2017, SPÖ) was in 2019 selected as the president of the European China Business Council, which was created by China Europe Association for Technology and Economic Cooperation (registered under the PRC’s Ministry of Civil Affairs). This, however, does not represent Kern's current main professional occupation.

1. https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20190809_OTS0094/fruehere-staatsoberhaeupter-schliessen-sich-tojoy-als-eu-executives-an
2. https://cn.tojoy.com/e/core-team/chairman/c/zhuxifengcai
3. https://kurier.at/politik/inland/faymann-hilft-unternehmen-bei-expansion-nach-china/400573229
4. https://www.diepresse.com/761101/faymann-trifft-dalai-lama-heftiger-protest-aus-china
5. https://kurier.at/politik/inland/ex-kanzler-kern-nun-europa-praesident-von-china-unternehmerverein/400611611

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://expertforum.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/China-Watch-Chinese-communities-in-Romania-Bulgaria-and-Ukraine.pdf.pdf

Supplementary Notes

There were several cases when former diplomats would join Chinese companies

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I found this case of an MP who is partner in a consulting firm working in/with China.

1. https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/4712728/0/congreso-autoriza-compatibilidades-diputados-abogados-negocios-china/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest this

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

There is no public information about national politicians that have received any of such benefits from PRC connected entities or individuals.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Through an online search, major newspapers and academic journals, no events of this type were found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no known cases of this happening. Former ambassadors and other politicians somehow connected to China move on to other areas that are considered “more important” or “more distinguished”.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such case is known to the author for year 2020, however there were such cases in previous years.

1. https://businessinsider.com.pl/firmy/strategie/ryszard-hordynski-nowym-dyrektorem-w-huawei-polska/pnljhr9He
2. https://www.pb.pl/trzesienie-ziemi-w-pionie-it-ministerstwa-finansow-871856

Supplementary Notes

In recent years the significant case of employing former Polish official by PRC connected entity was the case of Ryszard Horodyński. Former plenipotentiary responsible for IT technologies in ministry of development and infrastructure under Mateusz Morawiecki. Left position in 2017 Link. Later served as advisor to minister of digital affairs and was managing director in PFR Nieruchomości S.A. one f companies operating under umbrella of the state agency Polish Development Fund Group. In 2019 he was employed by Huawei at the position of senior director responsible for strategy and communications Link still works in Huawei at this position.. Considering the recency the answer could be YES. However, he was appointed before the period covered. Moreover his influence seems to be limited. Generally framing this issue in YES/NO matrix leads to distorted image as that would place Poland on the same level as countries where multiple and higher ranked officials are employed by the PRC connected entities and would lead to distorted perception of the situation. The answer NO seems to be the best one describing the situation.Confidence level 80%, time spent =3. However to preserve the consistency with the findings and grading by other experts covering other countries the same methodology allowing the substitution of grading based on evidence for 2019 or 2019 and 2018.

1. https://www.pb.pl/trzesienie-ziemi-w-pionie-it-ministerstwa-finansow-871856
2. https://businessinsider.com.pl/firmy/strategie/ryszard-hordynski-nowym-dyrektorem-w-huawei-polska/pnljhr9He

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No direct evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

Dr. Ashraf El-Shihy - President of the Egyptian-Chinese University and former Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research Link

1. https://www.ecu.edu.eg/?p=5729

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Direct Evidence Found.

Supplementary Notes

Nevertheless, Adham Al-Sayed, a member of a Lebanese party, "is studying for a doctorate at Huazhong University of Science and Technology and has been residing in the Chinese city of Wuhan since 2015 and decided to stay in the city after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic."

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I haven't seen any evidence of such appointments. It is usually more in terms of invitation to visit China rather than appointments.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No direct evidence found. "In relations with China, Latvia is interested in seeing progress with the EU-China negotiations on investment agreements during the Presidency, as well as promotion of cooperation with China in the area of transport and logistics within the framework of the 16+1 format"- Link. Additionally, no direct links have been identified.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/media/2226/download

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No data available on this question

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No data/ evidence to verify this

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with government officials found no evidence on politicians or government employees to have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence this has happened in the Gambia.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found

Answered by , and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NA

Supplementary Notes

There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No such links have been reported.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No such cases have been reported and the experts consulted could not pinpoint any similar case.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No clear evidence

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No hay evidencia de hechos de este tipo, pese a la revisión hecha.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No existen reportes en este ámbito, tan solo un caso relacionado a una posición académica pero no altamente lucrativa.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such evidence could be found; probably the interest in Moldova is not high enough

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No sources found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

It was not possible to find information about this issue.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

I don’t have enough evidence to answer this question

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supplementary Notes

There are no articles or information on former politicians benefitting from PRC connected individuals. But this may have happened indirectly without evidence in the public domain.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No supporting evidence could be found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This has happened in plenty Chinese facilities, especially in Chinese casinos, restaurants and shopping marts that have become a major feature of Zambia's infrastructure

1. tps://diggers.news/local/2022/04/18/kakubo-and-the-cement-story-public-reacts-after-minister-receives-gift-from-chinese/

Supplementary Notes

Gladys and Kangwa could not offer persuasive evidence of this. There was an incident when Zambian Foreign Minister Stanley Kakubo was seen accepting what appeared to be be a gift from the Chinese running Sinoma mine. It was that which swayed the reviewers, but hardly counts as watertight. For more: Link

1. https://diggers.news/local/2022/04/18/kakubo-and-the-cement-story-public-reacts-after-minister-receives-gift-from-chinese/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is perceived that some politicians or government employees, because of their close ties with China, have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly. However, we could not find evidence in support of the claim.

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/14/c_1310007165.htm
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cebd//eng/xwdt/t837015.htm

Supplementary Notes

We have skipped the indicator rating as no public available evidence could be found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

No existe evidencia para responder esta pregunta en el caso de Panamá.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

According to the expert's knowldge, some trips have taken place ( few, but insignificant), however any public evidence could not be found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supplementary Notes

Pro-Beijing think-tanks in Islamabad have popped up in the last decade or so. They ostensibly receive funding and support from PRC governments and diplomats to project advocate closer business and strategic ties with Beijing. Examples include: Pak-China Institute (PCI) led by Senator Mushahid Hussain and the China Study Center at Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI). Hard to name specific cases or individuals, though it is entirely possible given the close cooperation and business dealings between the two sides.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.