Domestic Politics

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The politicians that are more supportive of unification with China would have a more positive view toward China. They usually praise China on its efficiency and economic growth, and compare them to Taiwan's. Although these politicians might not be the absolute majority, but they still have significant influence on public opinion. In the 100th anniversary of Chinese Communist Party, the KMT politicians, such as Lien Chan, Hung Hsiu-chu and Soong Chu-yu, Wu Cherng-dean, the Chair of pro-unification New Party, and Non-Partisan Solidarity Union, have all released statements to congratulate.

1. https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/paper/1457999

Supplementary Notes

The term "majority" is quite ambiguous in the indicator. It usually refers to the quantity of over 50%. But in this case, it seems to be more in a "many" context.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chen Yu-jie

Answer

Supporting Evidence

to some extent, Indonesian politicians have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government particularly in the past years with the rising number of development projects between Indonesia and the PRC. These projects have made Indonesia and the PRC’s relation even closer. However, regarding sensitive issues in China such as the situation in Xinjiang and Uyghur Muslim, several politicians have shown their concern and condemned the PRC for their acts

1. https://www.jpnn.com/partner/uc_browser/758058/dpr-kecam-sikap-diskriminatif-pemerintah-tiongkok?uc_news_item_id=891763329415814&app=h5_card
2. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20210607122635-17-251050/erick-kawinkan-bumn-ri-dengan-bumn-china-garap-infrastruktur
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1881771.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Georgian government officials have repeatedly stated that Chinese companies involved in infrastructure construction are under the supervision of the Georgian government and international financial institutions and, together with companies from other countries, participate in international tenders in a fair and transparent environment. Chinese companies strictly follow the state laws and regulations of China and Georgia, make a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed tender projects and set prices accordingly. Link In 2015, the head of the government Irakli Gharibashvili summed up the working visit to China and noted that the interest of the Chinese government in Georgia is very high. The Prime Minister called the meetings with the Chinese Prime Minister and investors, which focused on specific projects, successful and fruitful. Link "China is our number one export partner, quite a lot of Georgian wine is going to China and we see a very good opportunity to increase Georgian exports to the Chinese market by improving this logistics," - said Natia Turnava(Minister of Economy) Link China's praising from the Georgian part became more frequent during Covid Pandemic when China sent thousands of dozes of Sinopharm and Sinovac as a gift to Georgia. "I thank the Chinese government for its active support in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic," said the Health Minister of Georgia, Ekaterina Tikaradze. Link "Deputy Foreign Minister Alexander Khvtisiashvili and Deputy Minister of Health Giorgi Tsotskolauri thanked China for unselfishly providing the necessary medical supplies to Georgia, noting that this was a clear expression of the strong Sino-Georgian friendship. Items provided by the Chinese side will significantly increase the virus detection and control capabilities. Georgia stands ready to continue close communication and cooperation with China and to work in support of epidemic prevention and control." SOURCE: Link

1. https://forbes.ge/chinethi-da-saqarthvelo-interviu-elchthan/
2. https://bm.ge/ka/article/natia-turnava-logistikuri-gaumjobeseba-chinetshi-qartuli-eqsportis-gazrdis-shesadzleblobaa/70703
3. http://gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=-&info_id=51413+
4. http://newsday.ge/new/index.php/ka/component/k2/item/38573-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98
5. http://newsday.ge/new/index.php/ka/component/k2/item/38261-%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Cooperation with China is one of the main priorities in the foreign policy of Kyrgyzstan. "The Kyrgyz Republic remains fully committed to all its international obligations and strict implementation of all previously signed bilateral and multilateral treaties and agreements," Sadyr Zhaparov emphasized.

1. http://www.president.kg/ru/sobytiya/18117_i_o__prezidenta_sadir_ghaparov_prinyal_posla_knr_dudeven
2. https://slovo.kg/?p=37627

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Tigran Sargsyan: Armenia-China Relationship Boasting Good Development Dynamics

1. https://www.gov.am/en/news/item/6932/

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Emomali Rahmon spoke highly of Xi Jinping's positive contributions to the development of Tajikistan-China relations and expressed willingness to work with President Xi Jinping to guide bilateral relations towards greater achievements. Link

1. http://www.chinaembassy-fi.org/eng/zxxx/t1673148.htm

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.iol.co.za/news/opinion/south-africa-and-china-what-next-for-relations-between-the-two-countries-49135925

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Alberto Fernández: "We aspire to deepen ties with China" (reference 1). In Argentina a majority of local politicians have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.

1. https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/202009/510510-alberto-fernandez-argentina-china.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

They express positive views related to economic opportunities but there is not a report specifically about positive or negative image. The reference presents results from interviews with legislators about foreign policy issues, including China.

1. https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/jspui/bitstream/20.500.12008/8025/1/TD_LopezCamilo.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are mixed statements regarding the PRC. Even though there has been opposition to the CCP from the more liberal actors (Jaime Bellolio and Vlado Mirosevic), other politicians (including president Piñera) have defended the CCP government.

1. https://www.diarioconcepcion.cl/pais/2019/04/25/pinera-sobre-regimen-en-china-cada-uno-tiene-el-sistema-politico-que-quiera-darse.html
2. https://prensa.presidencia.cl/comunicado.aspx?id=169574
3. https://www.pauta.cl/politica/cuales-son-modelos-partidos-comunistas-mundo-daniel-jadue-derechos-humanos

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Though local Colombian politicians rarely express their views on foreign affairs or other countries, when they have, the comments have indeed been positive.

1. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=773973606788404

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://lopezobrador.org.mx/2018/11/10/marcelo-ebrard-concluye-visita-de-trabajo-a-china-es-un-pais-clave-en-la-estrategia-economica-del-presidente-electo/
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cemx/esp/sn/t1407523.htm
3. https://www.eloccidental.com.mx/local/consolidar-lazos-tema-entre-el-gobernador-y-embajador-de-china-en-mexico-6289921.html
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcdjCP8D07k

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.mppre.gob.ve/2020/12/03/embajador-chavez-logros-politica-reforma-revolucion-china/
2. https://www.bloomberg.com/latam/blog/por-que-china-deberia-cambiar-su-posicion-en-venezuela/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20171215070100001

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte announced his “separation” from the United States on Thursday, declaring he had realigned with China as the two agreed to resolve their South China Sea dispute through talks. “I’ve realigned myself in your ideological flow and maybe I will also go to Russia to talk to (President Vladimir) Putin and tell him that there are three of us against the world - China, Philippines and Russia. It’s the only way,” Duterte told his Beijing audience. Link Duterte jested in a speech at the Fiesta Pavilion of Manila Hotel “If you want, you can make us a province like Fujian, Philippine province of China, then there will be no problem. Link President Rodrigo Duterte rejected an expletive-laced tweet by Foreign Affairs Secretary Teodoro Locsin Jr. demanding China remove its ships from Philippine-claimed territories in the South China Sea. “China remains our benefactor,” Duterte said in a televised address on Monday. “We have many things to thank China for — their help in the past and their help now.” Link Enrile (Former Senator) supported Duterte’s bilateral approach to resolve the maritime dispute with China – a turnaround from the former senator’s position when he backed former president Benigno Aquino III’s decision to internationalize the issue. Link

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-philippines-idUSKCN12K0AS
2. https://globalnation.inquirer.net/164413/rodrigo-duterte-jest-making-ph-chinese-province
3. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1853726/world
4. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/juan-ponce-enrile-political-comeback-2021

Supplementary Notes

: None

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

("They’re turning to China, saying we don’t have to be a democracy, we don’t have to respect human rights, we don’t have to uphold the rights of freedom of speech in order to be prosperous -- we can be like China," Mr Thanathorn said. Link) [2nd respondent] Thai politicians, especially the member of Prayuth Chan-O-cha’s party, often express their admiration and gratitude toward PRC. Since they are a military coup government, Prayuth’s government are lacking western support. Therefore, Prayuth is seeking a powerful alliance apart from USA and the EU. The politician from Prayuth’s party frequently cheers on PRC policy and strategy. Link Link Link

1. https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/1531714/thai-politicians-criticise-china-as-election-comes-into-focus
2. https://time.com/5318224/exclusive-prime-minister-prayuth-chan-ocha-thailand-interview/
3. https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2099383/anutin-puts-his-faith-in-chinese-vaccines
4. https://thailand.opendevelopmentmekong.net/news/somkid-deepens-eec-china-push/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• Cambodian leader frequently praise China in this regard. Minister of Commerce Cham Prasidh has said, “China has proven different form other donors. They don’t impose conditions,… other say ‘you have to do this with human rights, you have to do that with democratic reforms’, China doesn’t do that.” Link

1. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43281288

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

For example, the ruling party criticized the opposition MPs for responding to the international joint statement against Hong Kong National Security Law, which the statement is initiated by the last Hong Kong Governor, Christopher Patten, and former British Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkind

1. https://www.hk01.com/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90/186522/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8-%E4%B8%AD%E8%B3%87%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%8B%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%9B%B9%E5%9C%84
2. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/135656

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This is a widespread phenomenon.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The ruling political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina: the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD Link), the Party of Democratic Action (SDA Link) and the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ BiH Link), have signed an official Memorandum of cooperation with the Communist Party of China. Mutual cooperation, among other things, implies the obligation to strengthen exchanges and experiences in state governance.

1. https://archive.ph/wip/YvCpJ
2. https://archive.vn/wip/pbBPM
3. https://archive.vn/wip/gxAFS
4. https://archive.vn/wip/mNyJ2
5. https://archive.vn/DuusZ
6. https://archive.vn/wip/UMbeW

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic, Emir Muric and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Throughout the Golden Era, the Prime Minister and various Cabinet officials have made positive remarks. During a speech at the Shanghai Stock Exchange, then-Chancellor George Osborne said ‘Let’s stick together to make Britain China’s best partner in the West.” During a speech to mark President Xi’s state visit, then Prime Minister David Cameron said “China and Britain are both global powers with a global outlook. We share an interest in a stable and ordered world, in which countries play by the rules and work together to address threats to our security and to our prosperity.”

1. https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-great-british-kowtow
2. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/joint-press-conference-david-cameron-and-president-xi-jinping

Answered by Sam Hogg, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“Lebanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdallah Bou Habib congratulated the Chinese leaders and people on the 72nd anniversary of the founding of the PRC, and wished China more prosperity in the future. Bou Habib said that Lebanon appreciates China for its participation in the United Nations Interim Forces in Lebanon, which contributes to preserving the country's sovereignty. "We appreciate China's support for Lebanon in facing the burden of hosting the refugees and the displaced in light of the current difficult economic and financial conditions, and working in favor for their return to their homeland," he said. The minister added that China continues to coordinate and cooperate with Lebanon to confront the COVID-19 pandemic by providing vaccines and other medical aids to contain the virus and reduce its negative repercussions.” Link "His Excellency Minister Faras Al-Bayd pointed out that the coronavirus crisis is passing globally, especially with the emergence of new mutants, and multiple crises in Lebanon that greatly impacted the Lebanese health system. "The valuable assistance provided by China will help the Lebanese side's preparations to face a new wave of the coronavirus pandemic, especially with the emergence of new mutants, and it will also help Lebanon to boost the vaccination campaign." Link "Prime Minister Hariri cited China as an example of modernization to be emulated. This might make Beirut a logistics, economic, and business centre for China's BRI in the region. He brought up the subject of Syrian and Palestinian refugees in Lebanon and said that China, with its policy of opening up, might provide support in this area. Suleima n made an interesting observation about how the two countries can work together in the future."Link "A Lebanese Party Member: The achievements of the Chinese Communist Party over its 100-year history are a miracle worth studying" Link

1. http://www.news.cn/english/2021-10/03/c_1310223707.htm
2. https://www.facebook.com/ChinainLebanon/posts/458518132383106
3. https://atalayar.com/en/content/chinese-geo-strategic-expansion-levant-case-study-lebanon
4. http://arabic.news.cn/2021-04/28/c_139912098.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://tccb.gov.tr/haberler/410/34000/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-turkiye-cin-is-forumuna-katildi.html
2. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/dunya/disisleri-bakani-mevlut-cavusoglu-cine-gidiyor-1899350
3. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/cavusoglu-nun-ziyareti-cin-basininda/1178631
4. https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/erdogan-ekonomide-yol-haritasini-anlatti-cin-de-boyle-buyudu-41952854

Supplementary Notes

Turkish politicians and government employees have publicly expressed their positive views about China on many occasions. These include Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his ministers. Positive statements from Turkish leaders made headlines in Turkish and Chinese media. Most recently, Turkish President Erdogan and his government stressed that Turkey will use the Chinese economic model for its own development and ending the economic crisis.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://beta.rs/politika/158612-vucic-i-si
2. https://www.rtv.rs/sr_lat/politika/selakovic-i-vang-srbija-i-kina-ce-uvek-biti-partneri_1283979.html
3. https://www.danas.rs/vesti/politika/vucic-se-u-telefonskom-razgovoru-zahvalio-si-djinpingu-na-pomoci/
4. https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/vucic-kina-srbija-odnosi/31344096.html
5. https://rs.n1info.com/vesti/a669342-vucic-ponosni-smo-na-prijateljstvo-sa-kinom/
6. https://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/brnabic-i-vang-ji-razgovarali-o-odnosima-i-saradnji-dve-zemlje/yy1cp1b
7. https://www.danas.rs/vesti/politika/dacic-komunisticka-partija-kine-je-simbol-transformacije-kine-i-njenog-drustva/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/crna-gora-kina-djukanovic-odnosi/31343937.html
2. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/ekonomija/550669/uspjesna-saradnja-crne-gore-i-kine
3. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/ekonomija/532923/spajic-kina-je-nas-medjunarodni-partner-sto-je-dokazano-uspjesnim-pregovorima-sa-exim-bankom-i-kompanijom-crbc
4. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/drustvo/517575/krivokapic-zahvalio-kini-na-doniranim-vakcinama
5. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/politika/514789/abazovic-se-zahvalio-kini-na-donaciji-vakcina-cijenimo-empatiju-nesebicnu-podrsku-i-razumijevanje
6. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/politika/494795/radulovic-saradnju-sa-kinom-unaprijediti-kroz-dinamicniju-ekonomsku-i-kulturnu-diplomatiju
7. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/politika/473411/becic-uvjeren-sam-da-ce-se-uzajamni-odnosi-crne-gore-i-nr-kine-produbljivati-u-najboljem-interesu-gradjana
8. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/politika/449477/simovic-sa-kineskim-ambasadorom-paznju-usmjeriti-na-oporavak-ekonomije
9. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/drustvo/590479/donacija-kine-hitna-u-tuzima-dobila-novo-ambulantno-vozilo

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

At present, Uzbekistan-China relations have made great progress in the context of the pandemic, and bilateral trade and investment have grown rapidly, he said. The Uzbek president thanked China for providing timely support to Uzbekistan in fighting the pandemic. Mirziyoyev said his country is willing to take the opportunity of celebrating the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries to formulate a new five-year cooperation plan with China to inject new impetus into bilateral cooperation.- Link China-Uzbek relations began to pick up speed with the appointment of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev in 2016. The significant market liberalization and economic reforms implemented by the new president have made the country one of the five fastest growing in the world, giving a boost to bilateral ties as China’s goals for regional development align with Uzbekistan’s economic ambitions. It has also made the country increasingly investor-friendly and more welcoming of Chinese investment than some of its neighbors. In 2020, Uzbekistan upped the number of visa-free days Chinese citizens could enjoy in the country from five to seven to facilitate travel and tourism in the country. The two countries have also deepened cultural exchange. Uzbekistan was the first country in the world to open a Confucius Institute, a Chinese language and cultural institution, and centers for the study of Uzbek language and culture have been set up in Chinese universities.-Link

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-07/16/c_1310065247.htm
2. https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-11-18/Sierra-Leone-ambassador-lauds-China-s-fight-against-COVID-and-poverty-VwwjwruWwo/index.html
2. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202009/1201788.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Mahamadu Bawumia, the Vice President of the Republic of Ghana, gabby Asare the most influential political actor without portfolio, and other top government functionaries express positive views about China.

1. https://english.www.gov.cn/statecouncil/wangyi/202204/20/content_WS625f44c4c6d02e5335329a53.html
2. https://dailyguidenetwork.com/ghana-china-relationship-has-been-robust-exemplary-bawumia/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/tanzanian-president-thanks-chinese-official-for-not-wearing-face-mask-during-visit/
2. https://qz.com/africa/1477395/tanzanias-magufuli-praises-no-strings-china-aid-as-library-opens/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.voicegambia.com/2019/09/26/president-barrow-congratulates-china-on-70th-national-day-anniversary/
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-africa-gambia-idUSKCN1LM1HV

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This is more than common. It is actually predictable that everytime Zambian politicians in the ruling party meet with their Chinese counterparts, they usually make references to the "all-weather" friendship that the countries share. References is also usually made to China's contribution towards the construction of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway (TAZARA).

1. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202107/1228521.shtml
2. http://za.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zfgxss/201707/t20170712_6137769.htm
3. http://english.scio.gov.cn/internationalexchanges/2020-12/29/content_77060192.htm
4. https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/03/20/president-lungu-hails-china-zambia-relations/
5. https://www.lusakatimes.com/2018/09/22/china-is-an-all-weather-friend-lusambo/
6. http://web.sabc.co.za/sabc/home/channelafrica/economy/details?id=d67c88e3-930d-487f-8aed-7ec5ec976558&title=China%20Railway%20to%20visit%20Zambia%20over%20planned%20train%20system

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.politico.eu/article/orban-taunts-germany-by-doubling-down-on-support-for-china/
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cepl//pol/zgyw/t1872804.htm
3. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3173066/viktor-orbans-landslide-re-election-paves-way-even-closer-hungary-china
4. https://hungarytoday.hu/orban-china-hungary-cooperation-increasingly-important/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ekathimerini.com/economy/253464/greece-committed-to-further-strengthening-ties-with-china-says-georgiadis/
2. https://www.tovima.gr/2021/10/27/international/mitsotakis-chinese-foreign-minister-meeting-to-expand-investment-relations-between-the-two-countries/

Supplementary Notes

For the sake of clarification, there are regularly positive statements by public officials about Sino-Greek relations and China as an economic powerhouse. Positive statements about China’s political system are rare, mostly from left-leaning politicians – and, in general, in opposition to what they see as western neoliberal domination in Europe.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Both Taliban and the former Afghan government politicians and employee hold positive views toward PRC government

1. https://insiderpaper.com/china-belt-and-road-afghanistan-us-forces-leave/
2. https://www.bbc.com/pashto/afghanistan-39200850
3. https://bit.ly/3lbRHkI
4. https://bit.ly/3NkJAyr
5. https://bit.ly/39oYN2u

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Todos los presidentes de Costa Rica, desde el 2007, han hablado positivamente del gobierno de la RPC y de las posibilidades de nuestro país como socio estratégico.

1. https://bit.ly/3zoPkTV
2. https://bit.ly/3MmAWOT
3. https://bit.ly/3tdNlxZ

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Xi Jinping pointed out that China and Belarus are all-weather good friends, and the China-Belarus comprehensive strategic partnership featuring mutual trust and win-win cooperation has been at a high level in recent years. The two countries have made fruitful achievements in jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, with the China-Belarus industrial park becoming a model project. Bilateral practical cooperation has been elevated to a new level. (see below URL 1) Xi Jinping stressed that the current international and regional situation is complex and changeable. China and Belarus have cooperated effectively on multilateral occasions including the United Nations, and firmly supported each other in safeguarding our core national interests, which has demonstrated the strategic value of China-Belarus cooperation. (see below URL 2) In 2005, Lukashenko told Xinhua, China’s official news agency, the reason for his newfound attraction to Beijing: “So long as we [Belarus] develop such relations with China, we cannot be isolated.” That same year, he paid a state visit to the PRC, returning with a stack of memoranda and a mountain of promises. (see below URL 5) In an interview with the New China News Agency in October 2010, Lukashenko stated that China was Belarus’ best friend. He explained his rationale: “China’s investment has never had any political strings attached, therefore, we are more than willing to see China speed up its investment in Belarus on a larger scale.” (see below URL 4) Belarusian authorities attach significant importance to relations with China as an opportunity for economic development and strengthening their state’s international position. (see below URL 3)

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceus//eng/zgyw/t1658999.htm
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202201/t20220111_10480930.html
3. https://pism.pl/publications/The_Importance_of_Cooperation_with_China_for_Belarus
4. https://harvardpolitics.com/china-and-belarus-a-special-relationship/
5. https://carnegiemoscow.org/commentary/82662

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Pakistan's civil-military leaders are overwhelmingly pro-PRC as they depend on Beijing for military and economic support against India and the US.

1. https://www.brecorder.com/news/40180236/pm-says-more-cooperation-with-china-is-win-win-situation
2. https://www.gulftoday.ae/news/2019/10/08/imran-all-praise-for-chinas--efforts-against-corruption
3. https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/05/28/chinas-economic-development-an-example-for-the-world-bilawal/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-03/25/c_139835292.htm

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://ke.china-embassy.org/eng/xw/t421245.htm

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.7249/j.ctt6wq7ss.12.pdf

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“Jordanian Minister of Health Firas Hawari expressed his appreciation to the Chinese government for the generous donation and support provided to Jordan in various fields, especially in fighting the pandemic, adding that this donation will contribute to Jordan's national campaign of vaccination against the coronavirus.” Link "Amman Chamber of Commerce (ACC) President Issa Murad on Wednesday called on Chinese firms to take advantage of investment opportunities available in Jordan and to take part in mega-projects the Kingdom plans to carry out, a chamber statement said. At a meeting with Chinese Ambassador to Jordan Gao Yusheng, Murad described China as one of Jordan’s major trade partners, indicating that nearly 30 per cent of goods imported to the Kingdom are from China. Trade volumes between the two countries reached $3.6 billion in 2013, he noted. The ACC president called for constant coordination between the chamber and the embassy, particularly with regards to problems facing Jordanian businesspeople who import from China, according to the statement." Link

1. http://www.news.cn/english/2021-11/05/c_1310291021.htm
2. http://www.jordantimes.com/news/business/murad-urges-more-chinese-investments-activities-jordanian-projects
3. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-05/06/c_139928447.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has been rarely point of political discourse, but on those few occasions, positive statements were made by high ranking officials, including Prime Minister and ministers, and MPs. (see below URL)

1. https://chinaobservers.eu/chinas-sticks-and-carrots-in-central-europe-the-logic-and-power-of-chinese-influence/

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Such statements have come primarily from GERB, the BSP and the President.

1. https://ceias.eu/chinese-corrosive-capital-bulgaria-romania/
2. https://bntnews.bg/bg/a/borisov-blgariya-predlaga-izklyuchitelni-vzmozhnosti-za-investitsii
3. https://btvnovinite.bg/oresharski-ubezhdava-kitaiski-bogatashi-da-investirat-u-nas.html

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

With Austrian politicians taking a rather cautious stance towards bilateral relation with China, while still seeking to deepen economic relations, relatively positive comments concerning the PRC have been the norm rather than the exception.

1. https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/PR/JAHR_2021/PK1344/index.shtml

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It only happens on special occasions, but on the highest level. Example: ex-president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow in an interview praises Beijing for organizing the Olympic Games, as the report "PRESIDENT GURBANGULY BERDIMUHAMEDOV GAVE INTERVIEW TO REPRESENTATIVES OF THE LEADING EDITIONS AND TV CHANNELS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA" shows. Since Serdar came to power, reviewer comment that he, compared to his father (the ex-president), has so far said little about China and has shown more interest to work with other foreign partners. For example, Serdar hosted Modi as the first head of state to visit Ashgabat since he became president. I would remain the scare at 3 for now, the trend of distancing from China is an extremely new one that was slowly being brewed over US-China conflict, that Ashgabat genuinely worried China might get sanctioned by the West. The decades of reliance on China and building a positive image for China in Turkmenistan will take time to reverse.

1. https://russia.tmembassy.gov.tm/ru/news/92380

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://bit.ly/38r0eO8

Supplementary Notes

La postura del presidente Lasso se basa en el interés por establecer un Tratado de Libre Comercio entre China y Ecuador.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cgbelfast/eng/zgxw_1/t1494837.htm
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cepa//esp/zgyw/t1600216.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://socialistii.md/deputatam-socialistam-sdelali-privivku-kitajskoj-vakcinoj-sinopharm/
2. https://socialistii.md/vlad-batrincea-china-este-un-prieten-si-partener-sincer/

Supplementary Notes

It does not happen often, but when it does these are the pro-Moscow political groups who do this. For instance the pro-Russian Left has been friendly to the PRC and even promoted the Sinopharm vaccine during the pandemic

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is hard to say, specially because it is hard to define "positive". The government officials and political leaders usually have friendly expressions with regards to PRC and rarely express their concerns on sensitive issues such as Human rigths, Taiwan, Uygurs or Tibet. Also the indicator "El presidente del Gobierno recibe a representantes de la comunidad china en España" could be considered (see URL1 below).

1. https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/presidente/actividades/Paginas/2020/040220-ps-china.aspx
2. https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/full-report-web-version_updated_2019.pdf
3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41111-016-0019-x#Sec6
4. https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/nacional/2020/02/05/rey-elogia-gestion-coronavirus-china-expresa-apoyo-1357195.html

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I would say few because it is only the official party in government but influential since they are top government leaders.

1. https://www.efe.com/efe/america/mundo/taiwan-lamenta-que-nicaragua-se-alie-con-china-despreciando-larga-amistad/20000012-4694738
2. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3A9d75aC4zaT8J%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.el19digital.com%2Farticulos%2Fver%2Ftitulo%3A123690-delegacion-de-nicaragua-con-instituciones-chinas-de-cooperacion-e-inversiones-+&cd=5&hl=es-419&ct=clnk&gl=es
3. https://www.el19digital.com/articulos/ver/titulo:126328-china-y-nicaragua-celebran-100-dias-del-restablecimiento-de-relaciones-diplomaticas

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Czech Communists and some members of the ruling parties have expressed positive views of the CCP, but it has become a fringe opinion.

1. https://plus.rozhlas.cz/komuniste-v-cine-prokazali-ze-umi-zemi-ridit-nekteri-ujguri-problem-maji-jini-8296746
2. https://www.lidovky.cz/domov/diky-vazbam-na-cinu-dostaneme-republiku-z-problemu.A200317_213629_ln_domov_tmr

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Since President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi took office as president in 2014, he has visited China six times and met with President Xi Jinping seven times. His first trip took place in December 2014, when he signed twenty-five bilateral agreements, mainly on energy and transport issues. He also pledged to cooperate on what has come to be known as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China’s sweeping strategy to build a new Silk Road by investing in roads, rail, energy production, transit, and other infrastructure projects across some sixty countries." Link

1. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/egypt-takes-another-step-toward-china

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.sudouest.fr/international/chine/jean-luc-melenchon-juge-justifiee-la-colere-de-la-chine-sur-l-independance-de-taiwan-6631770.php
2. https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/manipulations-menaces-fakenews-un-rapport-decrypte-les-reseaux-d-influence-de-la-chine-8519212

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, there have been a number of cases where a politician or a government employee have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government. But those are not that impactful or causing international repercussions.

1. https://www.dhakatribune.com/foreign-affairs/2022/04/27/fm-momen-no-chance-of-chinese-debt-trap
2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-04/02/c_139854675.htm
3. https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/diplomacy/news/china-not-only-offering-basket-money-also-affordable-proposals-2966521

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Until 2019, it was a tradition in Romania for politicians from all parties to praise good ties with China and talk about the "traditional friendship between Romania-China." A few have sometimes praised China for its economic growth, infrastructure development of its general development. The clime of opinion has changed in the past years, howver.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://russian.news.cn/2021-07/01/c_1310037765.htm
2. https://hromadske.ua/ru/posts/nacbank-otmenyaet-ogranichenie-kursa-prodazhi-valyuty-i-umenshaet-limit-na-snyatie-nalichnyh-deneg-za-granicej

Supplementary Notes

Ukrainian head of the governing party' faction in the parliament mentioned that his party and CCP have a lot in common and that Ukraine should use the positive experience of economic development of China. Also, high-level politicians participated in the presentation organized by the Chinese embassy of the Xi book

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://local.hyperbros.com/petrocelli-filocinese-in-cina-un-miliardo-di-persone-accetta-il-modello-socialista-ma-mi-faccia-il-piacere/
2. https://www.huffingtonpost.it/politica/2022/04/27/news/grillo_conferma_sua_passione_per_cina_sul_blog_elogio_di_xi_jinping-9272823/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A few, but very much in the minority

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RROVrBqQuYA

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are some Japanese politicians who express positive views of the PRC occasionally, but they are clearly a minority in Japan. And those who show positive views tend to be top leaderships of parties, especially in Komeito and LDP. Such expressions are normally as a part of diplomatic protocol, and those who omit the messages are normally not coopted by PRC.

1. https://www.sankei.com/article/20210702-N35EAXRDLNIG7AEUHTGO2DW4WA/

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Former head of the Riigikog's Estonia-China parliamentary group Kalev Kallo compared the question of Huawei's reliability to a religious matter. MEP Yana Toom defended Huawei and China by criticizing the US spying and system of governance saying that "...the only victim is Huawei itself, finding itself a target of a trade and information war."

1. https://www.err.ee/1034724/kallo-ohud-seoses-huaweiga-on-usu-kusimus
2. https://www.err.ee/1090900/yana-toom-huawei-and-good-america

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Mainly the Community party of India which has made such statements.

1. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/left-parties-congratulate-communist-party-of-china-on-its-centenary-applaud-its-governance/articleshow/84040012.cms

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202110/30/WS617cade7a310cdd39bc72460.html
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/wjbz_663308/activities_663312/202110/t20211030_10405993.html

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The positive attitude has mostly been expressed in the years between 2012-2013, in terms of economy or opportunities for Latvia but not in the political domain. Such kind of position has not been expressed from the Latvian side since 2018. “Our bilateral relations are good. How China acted in 1991 set the right course. China was one of the first countries to recognize Latvia’s independence when we restored it after fifty years of occupation. And China was clear in its support for Latvia’s demand that Russian troops be removed from Latvian soil. The Latvian people remember who supported our freedom. (2000) Link

1. https://www.vestnesis.lv/ta/id/8109

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has long been presented as an economic opportunity for the country, and some of the local politicians remain committed to this line even despite the ongoing bilateral relationship crisis. This, however, does not necessarily mean expression of positive views of the PRC government itself.

1. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1555496/lithuanian-mps-meet-chinese-diplomat-express-regret-over-vilnius-beijing-tensions
2. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1617849/lithuanian-opposition-party-leader-offers-to-negotiate-with-china-to-mend-ties

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Workers' Party (PTB) abstained from voting for the resolution in favor of the Uighur people in March 2021.

1. https://www.ptb.be/la_r_pression_des_ou_ghours_en_chine_et_la_nouvelle_guerre_froide

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/tiedotteet/Sivut/Vehviläinen-korosti-avointa-ja-ratkaisuhenkista-vuoropuhelua-tavatessaan-Kiinan-kansankongressin-puhemiehen-09122021.aspx

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://faktor.mk/apasiev-i-levica-na-100-godishninata-od-komunistichkata-partija-na-kina
2. https://vlada.mk/node/24730?ln=mk
3. https://vlada.mk/node/15637?ln=sq
4. https://vlada.mk/node/22431
5. https://vlada.mk/node/27960?ln=mk

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"The statement came from MP Konul Nurullayeva. She noted that the transformation of Azerbaijan into an important transport and logistics center between China and the European Union, with a trade turnover of $ 500 billion, is of great importance for the development of relations between our country and the two global powers. Chinese President Xi Jinping said that Sino-Azerbaijani relations are on the verge of a new historical stage. It is an assessment of the weight, prestige and importance of our country in the region and in the world." (see below URL)

1. https://azertag.az/xeber/Deputat_CHin_Azerbaycan_xalqinin_sechdiyi_inkisaf_yolunu_destekleyir-1798029

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Australian local politicians express a range of views on the PRC government both positive and negative.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No publicly available evidence to support this claim.

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/new-technology-to-help-police-fight-crime-and-enforce-law
2. https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/singapore-should-learn-chinas-advanced-e-payment-systems-pm-lee
3. https://www.zaobao.com/news/china/story20210629-1162207
4. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IdrFCworxPZgPcPnuAKi9lP6CtTEcz7t/view
5. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/chinese-communist-party-100th-anniversary-pm-lee-xi-jinping-15124152
6. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/pap-ccp-ties-have-greatly-benefited-people-of-spore-china-lee-hsien-loong
7. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/ccp-at-100-singapore-and-chinese-communist-party-share-an-evolving-pragmatic
8. https://www.thinkchina.sg/former-singapore-fm-george-yeo-ccps-centenary-chinese-revolution-continues

Supplementary Notes

There have been a number of positive statements about the PRC from Singaporean politicians, but these do not seem to be in the majority yet. Some expressing such sentiment include senior cabinet officials, including the Prime Minister.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, was the protagonist in several episodes of accusations directed at the Chinese government. The more pro-China wing, especially Vice President Hamilton Mourão, has, at times, a more pragmatic stance, but does not publicly express properly positive views of China. Mourão is more concerned with maintaining the normality of relations, above all, trade between China and Brazil.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence that a majority of local politicians have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government. However, it is possible to state that given given the growing debt that Bolivia has with the PRC government and the bad image of PRC companies had in the country, marketed by violations of workers rights and environmental laws, there is a growing critical view of the PRC government among Bolivian politicians.

Supplementary Notes

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/coronavirus-paraguay_senado-paraguayo-rechaza-por-segunda-vez-acercamiento-sanitario-con-china/46461058
2. https://aguajero.com/senado-paraguayo-rechaza-por-segunda-vez-acercamiento-sanitario-con-china
3. https://www.efe.com/efe/america/politica/la-iniciativa-de-acercamiento-con-china-es-rechazado-por-el-senado-paraguayo/20000035-4224587

Supplementary Notes

Despite the existence of a proposal to establish relations with the PRC, it was not accepted by the majority in Congress.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

However just a few left-sides parties have expressed positive views of PRC government. In addition, outside the period of analysis, there have been pro-China governments, governments during which the FTA with China was signed.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a range of public expressions from those that criticize China to other that indiciate we need to cooperate. Even the latter is rather pragmatic and not praising China.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.ftm.eu/articles/european-parliament-china-friendship-group?share=JiMpPiYk97Et%2F8ryy%2BIV6DEP38tn2N3bfT8t3J70E7MNIuG5MSVZi%2FfhrlKec60%3D
2. https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/etnc_2022_report.pdf

Supplementary Notes

Most political parties increased their criticism on China, no sources of openly positive claims are found. A large majoity voted to declare the chinese policies in Xinjiang as genocide, so the general attitude is defenitely negative. Only (irrelevant) example can be found at item 7

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supplementary Notes

No way to get an accurate gauge.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supplementary Notes

The accurate response to this question would require substantial quantitative research concerning the public statements made the Polish local officials on different administrative levels exceeding the time frame for this project. Moreover, as the various PRC connected entities have were engaged in providing the equipment needed for fighting COVID epidemic there were many statements of local official expressing gratitude for the provided support and including favorable views on China. However considering the circumstances it is hard to treat them as a voice of majority of Polish local politicians. On specific occasions (e.g. Chinese investments in Poland) there were also critical opinions. Without quantitative research the accurate response cannot be provided. Moreover, analysis only of the public statements on China made by the very small group of local politicians, especially considering the situation with COVID could also lead to distorted image of the situation as the public statements do not reflect the position of the overwhelming silent majority of the local politicians. Basing on the limited in quantity materials reviewed by author the answer would be NO, with low confidence level as 50% and ranking = 3

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.