Domestic Politics
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
3/ 81
Affected Countries
Country
Score
Zambia
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
This has mostly been done in subtle ways, such as in 2006 when Chine threatened to cut ties with Zambia if Michael Sata had won the election
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.
Explore Zambia >Germany
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
This is very limited.
Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Germany >Panama
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Aunque sí ha habido señalamientos al partido gobernante, Partido Revolucionario Democrático, por haber enfriado las relaciones con China para complacer a Estados Unidos, no se ha establecido un vínculo entre estos críticos y el UFWD o el Partido Popular Comunista Chino, aunque sí con thinks tanks que promueven narrativas favorables a China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Panama >Taiwan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no group directly subordinate to United Front Work Department in Taiwan. However, all political parties that are not aligned to pro-unification and other pro-China position, have been criticized as anti-Chinese and against the One-China Principle.
Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chen Yu-jie
Explore Taiwan >Australia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No publicly available evidence to support this claim.
Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Australia >New Zealand
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No publicly available evidence to support this claim.
Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore New Zealand >Indonesia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There seems little information on the activities of UFWD in Indonesia and it seems a strategy to do so due to the majority of Indonesian's doubts about the loyalty of ethnic Chinese to the Indonesian state. See, Greta Nabbs-Keller, "The contending domestic and international imperatives of Indonesia’s China challenge", in Australian Journal of Defence and Strategic Studies, Volume 2, Number 2 (2020)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Indonesia >Singapore
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Foreign involvement in Singapore politics is frowned upon. As a result, groups are likely to be less open about endorsement or opposition to candidates based on an overtly foreign policy related issue. Lobbying may well take place in private, out the view of observers.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Singapore >Georgia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli
Explore Georgia >Kyrgyzstan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Explore Kyrgyzstan >Kazakhstan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Kazakhstan >Armenia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili
Explore Armenia >Tajikistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Tajikistan >Ethiopia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest
Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta
Explore Ethiopia >Kenya
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to include
Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi
Explore Kenya >Nigeria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to include
Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin
Explore Nigeria >South Africa
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence
Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin
Explore South Africa >Senegal
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to support this
Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior
Explore Senegal >Brazil
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found of groups linked to United Front Work Department (UFWD).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Brazil >Bolívia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence of groups with reported links to the United Fork Work Department (UFWD) in Bolivia.
Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Bolívia >Argentina
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There has not been any declarations against any political candidate on the basis of an anti-China position.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Argentina >Uruguay
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Through an online search, major newspapers and academic journals, no events of UFWD public statements.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Uruguay >Paraguay
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports of groups with a link to the United Front Work Department (UFWD).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Paraguay >Chile
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There isn’t any information regarding contact between the UFWD and local politicians or support to local politicians by UF members. There isn’t any public intervention or support from any companies, or PRC individuals during the last campaign. Moreover, the main presidential candidate has rather portrayed a positive image from the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Chile >Colombia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There has been no such occurrence in Colombia.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Colombia >Mexico
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
No hay evidencia de esto para el caso de México
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Mexico >Peru
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
We didn’t find evidence that this has happened. For this reason, we validate the answer.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Peru >Venezuela
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Venezuela >South Korea
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
Explore South Korea >Japan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
Explore Japan >Vietnam
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
Explore Vietnam >Canada
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
Explore Canada >Philippines
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There are no articles or information showing public statements from UFWD. Given the tensions between China and Philippines in the disputed SCS, Filipinos are exhibiting anti-Chinese sentiment.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Philippines >Thailand
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Supporting evidence not found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Thailand >Cambodia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Cambodia >Malaysia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Malaysia >Estonia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence available.
Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Estonia >Czech Republic
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence of that available.
Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála
Explore Czech Republic >Bosnia and Herzegovina
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no publicly available data or information.
Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic, Emir Muric and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Bosnia and Herzegovina >Poland
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No such significant cases have been reported. There were no national nor local elections held last year.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Poland >United Kingdom
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Sam Hogg, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley
Explore United Kingdom >Egypt
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Egypt >Jordan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Jordan >Lebanon
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Lebanon >Turkey
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Turkey >Serbia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Serbia >India
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
China or groups linked with UFWD haven't made any public statements with regards to local Indian political candidates or party. Even if they have done os, it is very discreet and no such public statement evidence exists.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore India >Albania
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Albania >Montenegro
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Montenegro >Latvia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No record found in that regard.
Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Explore Latvia >Uzbekistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No public evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Explore Uzbekistan >Sierra Leone
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No available data on this question
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Sierra Leone >Ghana
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Evidence of UFWD presence was not found in Ghana.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Ghana >Tanzania
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
interview with government officials found no records on UFWD -linked group have made public statements opposing the candidacy of local political party.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Tanzania >Gambia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Interview with staff of ministry of foreign affairs
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Gambia >Slovakia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Slovakia >France
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence
Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore France >Bangladesh
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No such incident happened in Bangladesh. No data found. Also the last election was in 2018. The next is in 2023.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Bangladesh >Lithuania
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis
Explore Lithuania >Bulgaria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík
Explore Bulgaria >Austria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No such instance has up until now been identified.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl
Explore Austria >Hungary
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
NA
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská
Explore Hungary >Belgium
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence for such activities.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl
Explore Belgium >Sweden
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Sweden >Finland
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Finland >Greece
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No such links have been reported.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Greece >North Macedonia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore North Macedonia >Afghanistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No UFWD in Afghanistan, the Chinese expat community reportedly ranged from 20 to 60 depending on stability in the country during that period.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Afghanistan >Turkmenistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Turkmenistan >Costa Rica
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
En las campañas políticas, las relaciones diplomáticas de Costa Rica con la RPC no han sido objeto de debate, ni se ha promovido ningún tipo de modificación en dichas relaciones.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Costa Rica >Ecuador
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existe ningún tipo de reporte sobre este tema, ni del organismo concreto ni ningún organismo formal e informal de la RPC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Ecuador >Romania
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There have been no politicians accused of being "anti-China", especially because very few Romanian politicians have taken positions critical of the PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita
Explore Romania >Moldova
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No such evidence could be found, and very seldom Moldovan politicians express views on China at all
Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Moldova >Ukraine
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence of such activity Interview with expert
Supplementary Notes
No public or non-public information about this
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Ukraine >Italy
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There seems to be no evidence of anything of the sort. If it would happen, it would likely be restricted to areas with large Chinese immigrant populations and not be highly visible in the media
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita
Explore Italy >Netherlands
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No examples found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita
Explore Netherlands >Azerbaijan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Azerbaijan >Belarus
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Explore Belarus >Spain
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Though not opposing to a candidacy or coming from the UFWD but straight from the Embassy (see URLs below).
- https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20200314/474130186160/embajada-china-ortega-smith-racista-malditos-virus-chinos-coronavirus.html
- https://www.elplural.com/comunicacion/internet/china-harta-macarena-olona-responde-contundencia-vox-peste-siglo-xxi_237673102
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Spain >Nicaragua
No
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No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No such incident occurred.
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Nicaragua >Pakistan
No
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No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Pakistan >United States
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Answer
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No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Unclear. Almost all at local level.
Supplementary Notes
There is a lot of activity, but providing the direct linkages to confirm the UFWD-connected groups & individuals have made such statements is an analytic endeavor beyond the scope here. Significant also would mean that the elections were close enough that Chinese-American community groups provided enough voters to push elections one or another--or at least were sufficiently large to be a key constituency.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
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