Domestic Politics
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign finance or significant in-kind donations from PRC-connected entities or individuals.
2024
18/ 97
Affected Countries
Country
Score
Panama
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
While Panama's electoral legislation prohibits foreign donations to political campaigns, local chinese affiliated companies have made contribiutions to political campaigns. Also, there are several reports that former Presdient Varela channeled bribes and campaign contribiutions of Odebrecht through China and chinese companies. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" and an "Significant" rating.
- https://bit.ly/3t67whc
- https://bit.ly/3N56aex
- https://www.metrolibre.com/nacionales/china-la-ruta-de-varela-para-el-dinero-de-odebrecht-MHML175238
Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Panama >Afghanistan
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are reports of politicians or political parties in Afghanistan receiving economic support from PRC-connected entities or individuals, although the exact nature and extent of this support are not clear.
- https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-interests-in-afghanistan-one-year-after-the-u-s-withdrawal/
- https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/14/is-chinas-recognition-of-afghanistan-envoy-a-diplomatic-win-for-taliban
Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau
Explore Afghanistan >Zimbabwe
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The CCP has pledged to support ZANU PF ideologically and financially and the two parties have signed agreements for strengthening their relations and cooperation
Answered by Ernest Mudzengi and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi
Explore Zimbabwe >Argentina
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are reports of politicians and political parites receiving campaign finance from PRC-connected individuals, such as in the case of Unión por la Patria's presidential candidate Sergio Massa - Hang Lin, Chinese businessman and partner of Cityblanco S.A. donated $15 million. There are also reports of informal contributions to the Rodríguez Larreta-Geraldo Morales binomal. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. Argentine politicians have come to campaign in Mandarin, including campaign posters in Mandarin and with public Chinese figures. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" response.
- https://chequeado.com/el-explicador/financiamiento-de-la-politica-que-dice-la-ley-y-que-pasa-en-la-practica/
- https://www.cronista.com/economia-politica/estados-unidos-vs-china-larreta-cerro-su-gira-por-washington-con-un-compromiso-estrategico/
- https://buenosaires.gob.ar/noticias/rodriguez-larreta-y-jorge-macri-se-reunieron-con-el-vicealcalde-de-shanghai-para
- https://prensa.jujuy.gob.ar/morales/morales-y-el-nuevo-embajador-china-argentina-abordaron-la-ampliacion-cauchari-n112666
- https://newsargenchina.ar/amp/4960/gerardo-morales-se-reunio-con-el-nuevo-embajador-de-china-en-argentina-wang-wei
Supplementary Notes
Link Link¿quién_es_fernando_yuan_jian_ping-1.htm
- https://www.lapoliticaonline.com/amp/88914-larreta-ahora-hace-campana-en-chino-en-los-super/
- http://www.quieroamipais.org/notix/desarrollo/11667_
Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro
Explore Argentina >Canada
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
A 2022 report suggested that a Canadian businessman linked to the PRC may have funneled C$25,000 to a network of at least 11 Canadian candidates during the 2019 federal election. Another report from early 2023 highlighted significant donations from individuals with Chinese surnames in B.C. that were directed to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s riding in Quebec.
- https://globalnews.ca/news/9280974/china-interference-canada-election-investigation-toronto-businessman
- https://thebreaker.news/news/trudeau-mainland-chinese-fundraising
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin
Explore Canada >Cambodia
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Reports indicate that Cambodian politicians and the ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) have received significant in-kind donations from PRC-linked entities, primarily in infrastructure and development projects. Notable contributions include a large aid package announced by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang in November 2022, a $1.37 billion expressway project from Phnom Penh to Bavet in 2023, and a $2 billion expressway to Sihanoukville opened in 2022. These projects, along with donations from Chinese company UDG to the Cambodian Red Cross and funding for a monument honoring Prime Minister Hun Sen, are seen as bolstering the CPP's public image.
- https://apnews.com/article/china-asia-beijing-southeast-business-9df2baf2f041be3a673ed949c1545b26
- https://www.voanews.com/a/experts-cambodia-deepens-reliance-on-china-ahead-of-election/7168773.html
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66851049
Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Cambodia >Belgium
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Chinese spies ran a far-right Belgian politician as an intelligence asset for more than three years in a case that shows how Beijing has conducted influence operations in an effort to shape politics in its favour 2019 to late 2022.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Belgium >Taiwan
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
According to Art. 7 in Political Donations Act, citizens, juridical persons, associations or other institutions in or mainly composed of the members of the citizens, juridical persons, associations or other institutions of the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong and Macao, are not allowed to make political donations in Taiwan. The cases within the timeframe are: In April 2023, the Investigation Bureau received tips on PRC authorities coercing Taiwanese business to donate to the pro-unification candidates PRC favors. In January 2024, the candidate of Taiwan People's Party was investigagted for receiving political donation from PRC personnels right before the 2024 elections.
- https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0020049
- https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?Type=24&SerialNo=171052
- https://udn.com/news/story/7321/7689483
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Taiwan >Nepal
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In 2017, Beijing announced $1 million towards the country’s local elections. In 2020, Chinese envoy in Nepal met with a lot of Nepali governemtn officials at a time when Nepal was in complete political disarray. In 2022, China insisted on sending a vice-minister for a visit despite being told that Nepal was in the midst of federal and provincial polls. In 2023, a close relative of former Nepal Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba was allegedly involved in an arms deal with China that is being conducted in violation of due process. While the money trail is not so apprarent, China has tried influencing political parties in Nepal. Beginning with local-level politics, where municipal and village-level elections are major units of the decision-making process, Chinese involvement has increased manifold. Last year, municipal elections were conducted in Kathmandu Valley, where an independent candidate, Balendra Sah won in the Mayoral race. During his election campaign, he was often seen with Chinese embassy staff and journalists in several restaurants and it was alleged that enormous Chinese funding was instrumental in his triumph. After he assumed office, he met the Chinese ambassador, Chen Song and during the meeting, in order to pander to the Chinese, he underscored the similarity between festivals, dress, and cuisine of both countries and pitched for a new approach to promote it at the local level. Furthermore, his campaign against street vendors was frowned upon by citizens as the capitalist agenda to make space for Chinese outlets in the valley. However, Chinese involvement is not restricted to municipal councils but also at the village level. China has propounded one man, one village policy to sway the elections and to give a push to the Chinese propaganda in villages. Apart from this, many Chinese-funded factories are running in places that are in geographical proximity to China, and in some cases, Chinese nationals are the owners. The economic power is showing significant outcomes in elections as these factories are the source of money for political parties. The Chinese are supporting independent candidates also, who could help them after the polls to expand business in many districts.
- https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/former-pm-deubas-relative-involved-in-arms-deal-with-china-nepalese-politician/article66858508.ece
- https://www.firstpost.com/world/china-increases-activities-in-nepal-as-maoist-govt-takes-over-12061952.html
- https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/here-s-why-china-is-financing-local-elections-in-nepal/story-KFMsNEcGxX8u2Sh2BL9ddN.html
- https://www.tibetanreview.net/chinas-election-interference-move-gets-nepali-rebuffs/
- https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-mapping-chinas-growing-influence-at-local-level-in-nepal-what-india-can-do-3186481/
Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Amish Mulmi
Explore Nepal >New Zealand
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
This is the most famous recent case - though it is not absolutely clear whether this money originated in the PRC, hence the low confidence rating
Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore New Zealand >Germany
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There have been few known instances that could be significant.
Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Germany >United Kingdom
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In 2022, MI5 issued a security warning to the UK Parliament and identified CCP agent Christine Ching Kui Lee, who donated over £500,000 to Labour MP Barry Gardiner between 2015 and 2020, during which he served as Shadow Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change and Shadow Secretary of State for International Trade. She also targeted former Labour MP Andrew Dismore and Liberal Democrat Party leader Sir Ed Davey. In 2023, the Home Office barred the entry of a Chinese couple associated with Christine Lee, as they had made CCP-backed donations to British politicians. Additionally, All-Party Parliamentary Groups (APPGs) serve as a convenient conduit for Chinese donations. For instance, the Internet, Communications, and Technology APPG received funding of £42,000 from both Huawei and TikTok since 2019. This amount was higher than the grant of the largest contributor, Google. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a 'More than a few' rating. Considering that most of the MPs who receive donations held important and senior roles in their respective parties, this Indicator deserves a 'Significant' rating.
- https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/jun/20/chinese-couple-barred-from-uk-over-communist-party-donation-allegations
- https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/barry-gardiner-mi5-mps-chinese-labour-b1992599.html
- https://www.politico.eu/article/blue-chip-firms-with-chinese-interests-pour-cash-into-uk-parliament-lobbying-group/
- https://techmonitor.ai/government-computing/ict-appg-big-tech-huawei-toktok
- https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-lobbying-big-tech-cash-mp-interest-groups/
- https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jan/13/chinese-national-trying-to-improperly-influence-politicians-says-mi5
Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh
Explore United Kingdom >Australia
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In 2022, the Australian Security Intelligence Organization reported that China was attempting to influence elections by donating to Labor candidates, but their efforts were halted in time. Most of the remaining donation cases related to the CCP occurred and were discovered before 2020. It is worth noting that Chinese businesswoman Sally Zou has long been the top donor to the SA Liberal Party, though is uncertain whether and to what extent these funds originated from the PRC. The PRC has long been the largest source of foreign donations to Australian political parties, even if not all of them are reported. Its influence is extensive, and it shows a preference for the Labor Party, the current ruling party. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Significant” rating.
- https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-28/nsw-icac-finds-chinese-billionaire-disguised-donation-to-labor/100867692
- https://www.csis.org/analysis/countering-chinas-influence-operations-lessons-australia
- https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-01/chinese-businesswoman-sally-zou-donation-to-sa-liberals-revealed/13109348
- https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/national/2017/12/10/chinese-donations-australia/
Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh
Explore Australia >Italy
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are some reports of Italian political leaders who have received some sort of donations from PRC-affiliated sources, though they are somewhat contentious. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. On the other hand, Italian campaign funding rules are somewhat strong and resilient, therefore systematic funding of Italian political leaders by PRC-affiliated sources is unlikely. Therefore, this indicator deserves the "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/29518428/cina-parlamentari-ordini-dragone-dossier-nomi.html
- https://www.affaritaliani.it/politica/renzi-i-soldi-cinesi-dalla-matteo-pr-quei-bonifici-ripetitivi-da-8-33-779028.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Italy >Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
It was reported that two former ministers have received funds from Huawei, but it was justified as a cover of the costs and daily expenses for the trip to China
Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska
Explore Bosnia and Herzegovina >Serbia
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There has been no publicly disclosed information about government officials receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC, and only one instance of an opposition member receiving funds. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The opposition party leader in question has a very modest influence in Serbian politics. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Serbia >Romania
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The Romanian law on the financing of political parties stipulates that "the acceptance of donations from other states or foreign organisations, as well as from foreign natural or legal persons is prohibited." Isolated cases of politicians exist who in their private capacity accepted payment for services from PRC-affiliated entities, such as Huawei. The person mentioned in link later became Minister of Finance
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Romania >United States
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
US federal law prohibits contributions received or made directly or indirectly by or from foreign nationals in connection with any federal, state or local election. However, some cases of PRC-conntected campaign donations have been reported. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Such donations have little influence on US policy toward China given the broad bipartisan recognition of the national security threats posed by the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.reuters.com/world/us/new-york-residents-charged-with-funneling-chinese-investors-money-trump-campaign-2022-07-18/
- https://www.newsweek.com/china-communist-party-new-york-political-influence-campaign-donations-1828730
- https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/foreign-nationals/#:~:text=Foreign%20nationals%20are%20also%20prohibited,donations%20from%20a%20foreign%20national
- https://www.voanews.com/a/china-s-alibaba-spends-big-on-dc-lobbying-campaign-contributions-/6956303.html#:~:text=Publicly%20available%20information%20accumulated%20by,million%20in%202020%20%E2%80%93%20a%20presidential
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore United States >Georgia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Georgia >Latvia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Latvia >Armenia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Armenia >Azerbaijan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Azerbaijan >Kazakhstan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found.
Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Kazakhstan >Uzbekistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Uzbekistan >Tajikistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Tajikistan >Kyrgyzstan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
In October 2020, a coup d’etat took place in Kyrgyzstan, where many businessmen associated with China took the side of the victorious Sadyr Japarov. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Kyrgyzstan >Jordan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Jordan >Egypt
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Egypt >Lebanon
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
2022 - Link The Chinese delegation’s (Deputy Minister, Ambassador, The director, and officials of the West Asia and North Africa department) tour began with a visit to the Lebanese Communist Party Center in Beirut. The delegation was received by the Secretary-General of the Lebanese Communist Party, Hanna Gharib. The two sides touched on bilateral relations at all levels and stressed the need for continued communication and coordination between the two parties. The Chinese delegation also expressed its solidarity with the Lebanese Communist Party and its ongoing struggle in Lebanon. For its part, the delegation of the Lebanese Communist Party affirmed its solidarity and support for the People's Republic of China in its ongoing struggle to achieve socialism.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Lebanon >Belarus
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Belarus >Mongolia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Mongolia >Mexico
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence that probe linkages between mexican politicans and chinese or the PRC entities thath finance some political campaigns.
Supplementary Notes
In Mexico, legislation ban private financing to political campaigns. So the only way to catch (receive) money is through asignations made by Elections National Institute (INE, in spanish). I am adding a link to support this affirmation.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Mexico >Costa Rica
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Article 128 of the Costa Rican Electoral Code prohibits foreigners and legal persons of any nature and nationality from making, directly, indirectly or covertly, contributions, donations or contributions, in money or in kind, to cover the expenses of political parties.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Costa Rica >Peru
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
In recent years, the legal regulations on financing political parties have mandated that parties be transparent in the reporting of their contributions and campaign expenses. The National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) is responsible for receiving information on the accountability of political parties.
Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Peru >Venezuela
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenom
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Venezuela >Chile
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The most updated election campaign "donations record" does not show any chinese company, association or PRC related institution directly listed as a donor. The Report on the 2016 and 2017 elections by Espacio Público does not show any donations that might be linked with PRC entities.
- https://www.servel.cl/centro-de-datos/estadisticas-de-datos-abiertos-4zg/estadisticas-de-financiamiento-y-gasto-electoral/estadistica-de-aportes-recibidos-por-partido-y-tipo-de-receptor
- https://espaciopublico.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Informe-Lupa-electoral.pdf
Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Chile >Ecuador
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Ecuador >Colombia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Supplementary Notes
Law 1475 of 2011 (art. 27) explicitly prohibits candidates from receiving any kind of foreign support in funds or through other material means.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Colombia >Gambia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
no
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Gambia >Algeria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no public evidence on this.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel
Explore Algeria >France
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel
Explore France >Bangladesh
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Cannot determine
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel
Explore Bangladesh >Lithuania
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis
Explore Lithuania >Bulgaria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík
Explore Bulgaria >Austria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl
Explore Austria >Hungary
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska
Explore Hungary >Slovakia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Slovakia >Sweden
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence to suggest otherwise.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Sweden >Finland
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Finland >Denmark
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska
Explore Denmark >Ireland
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are no reports that this has taken place, and no Political parties has declared that they have received funds. Foreign funding most be declared.
Supplementary Notes
There is an Ireland Fund chapter in China which maybe a way that fund could be received but there is no record of a party beng funded through this fund Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Ireland >Albania
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observationof the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Albania >Montenegro
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Montenegro >Greece
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Greece >North Macedonia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore North Macedonia >Turkey
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Turkey >Iceland
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Every donation to a political party is revealed in Iceland and we found no such indicators.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Iceland >Portugal
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Portugal >Moldova
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Moldovan legislation bans the financing of parties and electoral candidates by foreign entities. The electoral authority did not report any violations of this law by PRC-connected entities. Journalistic investigations have only revealed hidden money flows from Russia to Moldova pro-Russian parties, but nothing about the PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Moldova >Netherlands
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Campaign donations are transparent and extremely scrutinized in the Netherlands. No information was found about such a phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Netherlands >Ukraine
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
We are not aware of such cases.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Ukraine >Spain
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Spain >Nicaragua
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No reports were found but the Nicaraguan government, headed by Daniel Ortega is turning into a one party system and the PRC has made many donations to the Nicaraguan government.
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez
Explore Nicaragua >Bolivia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Bolivia >Paraguay
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan
Explore Paraguay >Pakistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No significant allegations or reporting on Chinese campaign donations available. It is conceivable, given PRC's deep financial stakes, but there seems to be little evidence so far
Supplementary Notes
Most major parties favour deeper engagement with China anyway. There are allegations that they recive kick-backs on major projects. But no major accusation of campaign financing. Pakistan's electoral laws bar candidates from receiving state funding of foreign governments.
Answered by Shahzeb Jillani, and has been reviewed by Shahzada Zulfiqar
Explore Pakistan >Turkmenistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In Turkmenistan, political campaigns are irrelevant as there are no elections.
Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau
Explore Turkmenistan >India
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore India >Nigeria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Nigeria >South Africa
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon within the specified timeframe of 2022.
Supplementary Notes
While there is no evidence of this phenomenon in 2022, in 2021, there were reports that the ruling party in South Africa, the African National Congress (ANC), received funding from the United Front Work Department (UFWD) of the Chinese Communist Party. The funding was allegedly channeled through a politician associated with the ANC, Dr. Xiaomei Havard, who continues to serve as a member of the South African Parliament. This past incident, while outside the current timeframe, suggests the potential for ongoing influence and future incidents.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore South Africa >Senegal
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Senegal >Ethiopia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Ethiopia >Kenya
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Kenya >Singapore
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are no such reports. Singapore's Political Donations Act and the subsequent Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act prohibit funding from foreign sources. However, what is less clear is the handling of donations made through local proxies. Designated Politically Significant Persons in Singapore are not required to publicly disclose their income, assets, outgoing donations, or lobbying contacts, even though income, assets, and incoming donations must be reported to the state.
- https://sso.agc.gov.sg//Act/FICA2021
- https://sso.agc.gov.sg//Acts-Supp/20-2000/Published/20011231?DocDate=20000620&ViewType=Advance&Phrase=Political+Donations+Act&WiAl=1
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Singapore >Brazil
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The Brazilian Constitution, in article 17, prohibits political parties from receiving financial resources from a foreign entity or government.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Brazil >Czech Republic
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Although there are some parties which might have been supported by the PRC entities, there is no evidence.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Czech Republic >Estonia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Estonia >Poland
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Poland >Vietnam
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam is governed by a single party authoritarian political system. Elections take place regularly but the candidates are nominated by the Communist party and no real political competition exists. Therefore, political campaigns require no funding or donations from third parties.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Vietnam >Russia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.
Explore Russia >Malaysia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The search results indicate that while foreign funding is allowed by most Malaysian political parties' constitutions, there are no confirmed cases of PRC-connected campaign finance or donations since 2022.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Malaysia >Timor-Leste
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not that I know of.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Timor-Leste >Uruguay
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
However, there are concrete reports of this phenomenon in years prior to the reporting period: Link
Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro
Explore Uruguay >El Salvador
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz
Explore El Salvador >Philippines
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No report of politicians/political parties receiving campaign donations originating from China.
Supplementary Notes
Foreign nationals and companies are not allowed to contribute or donate to the campaign of candidates in Philippine elections, under the Omnibus Election Code. There were political personalities having close ties with China that were alleged to have received funding from China, but these were not substantiated. But in July 2021, former Philippine Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario claimed that a "most reliable international entity" had informed him that senior Chinese officials were "bragging that they had been able to influence the 2016 Philippine elections" and make Rodrigo Duterte the president. Duterte's spokesperson, however, dismissed this as "nonsense." 1) Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 4 anonymous experts.
Explore Philippines >Thailand
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no indicator of the said phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
No supporting evidence found
Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Thailand >Myanmar
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are no reports of financial assitance for the political parties from PRC and its connected entities.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Myanmar >Uganda
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Abdou Rahim Lema, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Uganda >Mozambique
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Tomé Bambo, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Mozambique >Angola
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Angola >Japan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
I do not find any ecidence to answer this question.
Answered by Ryohei Suzuki, and has been reviewed by Maiko Ichihara and Yuki Moritarni
Explore Japan >Indonesia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
It's possible but hard to prove
Supplementary Notes
We are unable to find any source which indicates it
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore Indonesia >South Korea
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
We are unable to find any source which indicates it
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore South Korea >Saudi Arabia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
We are unable to find any source which indicates it
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore Saudi Arabia >Qatar
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Because Qatar doesn't have political party.
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore Qatar >Israel
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
It is forbidden by law for parties to accept donations from foreign entities (Article 8 of the Political Parties (Financing) Law, 5733-1973). Politicians can accept donations, but according to the website of the State Comptroller of Israel, there are no donors (state-related or private) from China.
- https://www.mevaker.gov.il/En/mimun/Pages/default.aspx
- https://statements.mevaker.gov.il/GuarantyDonationPublisher/PartiesGuarantyDonationPublisher.aspx
Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Israel >Democratic Republic of the Congo
Skip
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Based on experience, research and access to certain political circles and chinese companies, I do know that some of them have financed electoral campaign for some DRC politicians. Since these are not official activities and there won’t be any supporting evidence to the claim, I have put Skip as answer.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Christian Rumu
Explore Democratic Republic of the Congo >
CardsHide
Cards