Domestic Politics

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While Panama's electoral legislation prohibits foreign donations to political campaigns, local chinese affiliated companies have made contribiutions to political campaigns. Also, there are several reports that former Presdient Varela channeled bribes and campaign contribiutions of Odebrecht through China and chinese companies. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" and an "Significant" rating.

1. https://bit.ly/3t67whc
2. https://bit.ly/3N56aex
3. https://www.metrolibre.com/nacionales/china-la-ruta-de-varela-para-el-dinero-de-odebrecht-MHML175238

Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are reports of politicians or political parties in Afghanistan receiving economic support from PRC-connected entities or individuals, although the exact nature and extent of this support are not clear.

1. https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-interests-in-afghanistan-one-year-after-the-u-s-withdrawal/
2. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/14/is-chinas-recognition-of-afghanistan-envoy-a-diplomatic-win-for-taliban

Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The CCP has pledged to support ZANU PF ideologically and financially and the two parties have signed agreements for strengthening their relations and cooperation

1. https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/china-gives-zanu-pf-piles-of-rice-for-election-campaign/

Answered by Ernest Mudzengi and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are reports of politicians and political parites receiving campaign finance from PRC-connected individuals, such as in the case of Unión por la Patria's presidential candidate Sergio Massa - Hang Lin, Chinese businessman and partner of Cityblanco S.A. donated $15 million. There are also reports of informal contributions to the Rodríguez Larreta-Geraldo Morales binomal. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. Argentine politicians have come to campaign in Mandarin, including campaign posters in Mandarin and with public Chinese figures. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" response.

1. https://chequeado.com/el-explicador/financiamiento-de-la-politica-que-dice-la-ley-y-que-pasa-en-la-practica/
2. https://www.cronista.com/economia-politica/estados-unidos-vs-china-larreta-cerro-su-gira-por-washington-con-un-compromiso-estrategico/
3. https://buenosaires.gob.ar/noticias/rodriguez-larreta-y-jorge-macri-se-reunieron-con-el-vicealcalde-de-shanghai-para
4. https://prensa.jujuy.gob.ar/morales/morales-y-el-nuevo-embajador-china-argentina-abordaron-la-ampliacion-cauchari-n112666
5. https://newsargenchina.ar/amp/4960/gerardo-morales-se-reunio-con-el-nuevo-embajador-de-china-en-argentina-wang-wei

Supplementary Notes

Link Link¿quién_es_fernando_yuan_jian_ping-1.htm

1. https://www.lapoliticaonline.com/amp/88914-larreta-ahora-hace-campana-en-chino-en-los-super/
2. http://www.quieroamipais.org/notix/desarrollo/11667_

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A 2022 report suggested that a Canadian businessman linked to the PRC may have funneled C$25,000 to a network of at least 11 Canadian candidates during the 2019 federal election. Another report from early 2023 highlighted significant donations from individuals with Chinese surnames in B.C. that were directed to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s riding in Quebec.

1. https://globalnews.ca/news/9280974/china-interference-canada-election-investigation-toronto-businessman
2. https://thebreaker.news/news/trudeau-mainland-chinese-fundraising

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Reports indicate that Cambodian politicians and the ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) have received significant in-kind donations from PRC-linked entities, primarily in infrastructure and development projects. Notable contributions include a large aid package announced by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang in November 2022, a $1.37 billion expressway project from Phnom Penh to Bavet in 2023, and a $2 billion expressway to Sihanoukville opened in 2022. These projects, along with donations from Chinese company UDG to the Cambodian Red Cross and funding for a monument honoring Prime Minister Hun Sen, are seen as bolstering the CPP's public image.

1. https://apnews.com/article/china-asia-beijing-southeast-business-9df2baf2f041be3a673ed949c1545b26
2. https://www.voanews.com/a/experts-cambodia-deepens-reliance-on-china-ahead-of-election/7168773.html
3. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-66851049

Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese spies ran a far-right Belgian politician as an intelligence asset for more than three years in a case that shows how Beijing has conducted influence operations in an effort to shape politics in its favour 2019 to late 2022.

1. https://www.ft.com/content/601df41f-8393-46ad-9f74-fe64f8ea1a3f

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to Art. 7 in Political Donations Act, citizens, juridical persons, associations or other institutions in or mainly composed of the members of the citizens, juridical persons, associations or other institutions of the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong and Macao, are not allowed to make political donations in Taiwan. The cases within the timeframe are: In April 2023, the Investigation Bureau received tips on PRC authorities coercing Taiwanese business to donate to the pro-unification candidates PRC favors. In January 2024, the candidate of Taiwan People's Party was investigagted for receiving political donation from PRC personnels right before the 2024 elections.

1. https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0020049
2. https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?Type=24&SerialNo=171052
3. https://udn.com/news/story/7321/7689483

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2017, Beijing announced $1 million towards the country’s local elections. In 2020, Chinese envoy in Nepal met with a lot of Nepali governemtn officials at a time when Nepal was in complete political disarray. In 2022, China insisted on sending a vice-minister for a visit despite being told that Nepal was in the midst of federal and provincial polls. In 2023, a close relative of former Nepal Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba was allegedly involved in an arms deal with China that is being conducted in violation of due process. While the money trail is not so apprarent, China has tried influencing political parties in Nepal. Beginning with local-level politics, where municipal and village-level elections are major units of the decision-making process, Chinese involvement has increased manifold. Last year, municipal elections were conducted in Kathmandu Valley, where an independent candidate, Balendra Sah won in the Mayoral race. During his election campaign, he was often seen with Chinese embassy staff and journalists in several restaurants and it was alleged that enormous Chinese funding was instrumental in his triumph. After he assumed office, he met the Chinese ambassador, Chen Song and during the meeting, in order to pander to the Chinese, he underscored the similarity between festivals, dress, and cuisine of both countries and pitched for a new approach to promote it at the local level. Furthermore, his campaign against street vendors was frowned upon by citizens as the capitalist agenda to make space for Chinese outlets in the valley. However, Chinese involvement is not restricted to municipal councils but also at the village level. China has propounded one man, one village policy to sway the elections and to give a push to the Chinese propaganda in villages. Apart from this, many Chinese-funded factories are running in places that are in geographical proximity to China, and in some cases, Chinese nationals are the owners. The economic power is showing significant outcomes in elections as these factories are the source of money for political parties. The Chinese are supporting independent candidates also, who could help them after the polls to expand business in many districts.

1. https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/former-pm-deubas-relative-involved-in-arms-deal-with-china-nepalese-politician/article66858508.ece
2. https://www.firstpost.com/world/china-increases-activities-in-nepal-as-maoist-govt-takes-over-12061952.html
3. https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/here-s-why-china-is-financing-local-elections-in-nepal/story-KFMsNEcGxX8u2Sh2BL9ddN.html
4. https://www.tibetanreview.net/chinas-election-interference-move-gets-nepali-rebuffs/
5. https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-mapping-chinas-growing-influence-at-local-level-in-nepal-what-india-can-do-3186481/

Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Amish Mulmi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This is the most famous recent case - though it is not absolutely clear whether this money originated in the PRC, hence the low confidence rating

1. https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/132321845/nzbased-ccp-state-media-publisher-donated-more-than-18000-to-national-party

Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There have been few known instances that could be significant.

1. https://www.merkur.de/politik/china-spionage-geheimdienst-afd-polizeistationen-spiegel-zr-92730545.html

Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2022, MI5 issued a security warning to the UK Parliament and identified CCP agent Christine Ching Kui Lee, who donated over £500,000 to Labour MP Barry Gardiner between 2015 and 2020, during which he served as Shadow Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change and Shadow Secretary of State for International Trade. She also targeted former Labour MP Andrew Dismore and Liberal Democrat Party leader Sir Ed Davey. In 2023, the Home Office barred the entry of a Chinese couple associated with Christine Lee, as they had made CCP-backed donations to British politicians. Additionally, All-Party Parliamentary Groups (APPGs) serve as a convenient conduit for Chinese donations. For instance, the Internet, Communications, and Technology APPG received funding of £42,000 from both Huawei and TikTok since 2019. This amount was higher than the grant of the largest contributor, Google. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a 'More than a few' rating. Considering that most of the MPs who receive donations held important and senior roles in their respective parties, this Indicator deserves a 'Significant' rating.

1. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/jun/20/chinese-couple-barred-from-uk-over-communist-party-donation-allegations
2. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/barry-gardiner-mi5-mps-chinese-labour-b1992599.html
3. https://www.politico.eu/article/blue-chip-firms-with-chinese-interests-pour-cash-into-uk-parliament-lobbying-group/
4. https://techmonitor.ai/government-computing/ict-appg-big-tech-huawei-toktok
5. https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-lobbying-big-tech-cash-mp-interest-groups/
6. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/jan/13/chinese-national-trying-to-improperly-influence-politicians-says-mi5

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2022, the Australian Security Intelligence Organization reported that China was attempting to influence elections by donating to Labor candidates, but their efforts were halted in time. Most of the remaining donation cases related to the CCP occurred and were discovered before 2020. It is worth noting that Chinese businesswoman Sally Zou has long been the top donor to the SA Liberal Party, though is uncertain whether and to what extent these funds originated from the PRC. The PRC has long been the largest source of foreign donations to Australian political parties, even if not all of them are reported. Its influence is extensive, and it shows a preference for the Labor Party, the current ruling party. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Significant” rating.

1. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-28/nsw-icac-finds-chinese-billionaire-disguised-donation-to-labor/100867692
2. https://www.csis.org/analysis/countering-chinas-influence-operations-lessons-australia
3. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-01/chinese-businesswoman-sally-zou-donation-to-sa-liberals-revealed/13109348
4. https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/national/2017/12/10/chinese-donations-australia/

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are some reports of Italian political leaders who have received some sort of donations from PRC-affiliated sources, though they are somewhat contentious. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. On the other hand, Italian campaign funding rules are somewhat strong and resilient, therefore systematic funding of Italian political leaders by PRC-affiliated sources is unlikely. Therefore, this indicator deserves the "Insignificant" rating.

1. https://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/politica/29518428/cina-parlamentari-ordini-dragone-dossier-nomi.html
2. https://www.affaritaliani.it/politica/renzi-i-soldi-cinesi-dalla-matteo-pr-quei-bonifici-ripetitivi-da-8-33-779028.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It was reported that two former ministers have received funds from Huawei, but it was justified as a cover of the costs and daily expenses for the trip to China

1. https://detektor.ba/2022/01/07/huawei-placao-put-dvojici-drzavnih-ministara-i-pozivao-ih-na-prezentacije/

Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has been no publicly disclosed information about government officials receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC, and only one instance of an opposition member receiving funds. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The opposition party leader in question has a very modest influence in Serbian politics. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.

1. https://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Bank-Memorandum-5.10.23.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Romanian law on the financing of political parties stipulates that "the acceptance of donations from other states or foreign organisations, as well as from foreign natural or legal persons is prohibited." Isolated cases of politicians exist who in their private capacity accepted payment for services from PRC-affiliated entities, such as Huawei. The person mentioned in link later became Minister of Finance

1. https://romania.europalibera.org/a/propaganda-huawei-citu/31640703.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

US federal law prohibits contributions received or made directly or indirectly by or from foreign nationals in connection with any federal, state or local election. However, some cases of PRC-conntected campaign donations have been reported. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Such donations have little influence on US policy toward China given the broad bipartisan recognition of the national security threats posed by the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.

1. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/new-york-residents-charged-with-funneling-chinese-investors-money-trump-campaign-2022-07-18/
2. https://www.newsweek.com/china-communist-party-new-york-political-influence-campaign-donations-1828730
3. https://www.fec.gov/help-candidates-and-committees/foreign-nationals/#:~:text=Foreign%20nationals%20are%20also%20prohibited,donations%20from%20a%20foreign%20national
4. https://www.voanews.com/a/china-s-alibaba-spends-big-on-dc-lobbying-campaign-contributions-/6956303.html#:~:text=Publicly%20available%20information%20accumulated%20by,million%20in%202020%20%E2%80%93%20a%20presidential

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence was found.

Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

In October 2020, a coup d’etat took place in Kyrgyzstan, where many businessmen associated with China took the side of the victorious Sadyr Japarov. Link

1. https://carnegie.ru/commentary/83701

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No new evidence was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No new evidence was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

2022 - Link The Chinese delegation’s (Deputy Minister, Ambassador, The director, and officials of the West Asia and North Africa department) tour began with a visit to the Lebanese Communist Party Center in Beirut. The delegation was received by the Secretary-General of the Lebanese Communist Party, Hanna Gharib. The two sides touched on bilateral relations at all levels and stressed the need for continued communication and coordination between the two parties. The Chinese delegation also expressed its solidarity with the Lebanese Communist Party and its ongoing struggle in Lebanon. For its part, the delegation of the Lebanese Communist Party affirmed its solidarity and support for the People's Republic of China in its ongoing struggle to achieve socialism.

1. http://www.al-nidaa.com/politics/item/32092-2022-11-26-08-50-58

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence that probe linkages between mexican politicans and chinese or the PRC entities thath finance some political campaigns.

1. https://www.ine.mx/actores-politicos/partidos-politicos-nacionales/financiamiento-publico/

Supplementary Notes

In Mexico, legislation ban private financing to political campaigns. So the only way to catch (receive) money is through asignations made by Elections National Institute (INE, in spanish). I am adding a link to support this affirmation.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/publicaciones/codigoelectoral_indicealfabetico.pdf

Supplementary Notes

Article 128 of the Costa Rican Electoral Code prohibits foreigners and legal persons of any nature and nationality from making, directly, indirectly or covertly, contributions, donations or contributions, in money or in kind, to cover the expenses of political parties.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

In recent years, the legal regulations on financing political parties have mandated that parties be transparent in the reporting of their contributions and campaign expenses. The National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) is responsible for receiving information on the accountability of political parties.

Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenom

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The most updated election campaign "donations record" does not show any chinese company, association or PRC related institution directly listed as a donor. The Report on the 2016 and 2017 elections by Espacio Público does not show any donations that might be linked with PRC entities.

1. https://www.servel.cl/centro-de-datos/estadisticas-de-datos-abiertos-4zg/estadisticas-de-financiamiento-y-gasto-electoral/estadistica-de-aportes-recibidos-por-partido-y-tipo-de-receptor
2. https://espaciopublico.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Informe-Lupa-electoral.pdf

Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

1. https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=43332

Supplementary Notes

Law 1475 of 2011 (art. 27) explicitly prohibits candidates from receiving any kind of foreign support in funds or through other material means.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

no

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no public evidence on this.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Cannot determine

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no reports that this has taken place, and no Political parties has declared that they have received funds. Foreign funding most be declared.

1. https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/register-of-members-interests/

Supplementary Notes

There is an Ireland Fund chapter in China which maybe a way that fund could be received but there is no record of a party beng funded through this fund Link

1. https://irelandfunds.org/chapters/worldwide/china/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observationof the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Every donation to a political party is revealed in Iceland and we found no such indicators.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Moldovan legislation bans the financing of parties and electoral candidates by foreign entities. The electoral authority did not report any violations of this law by PRC-connected entities. Journalistic investigations have only revealed hidden money flows from Russia to Moldova pro-Russian parties, but nothing about the PRC

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Campaign donations are transparent and extremely scrutinized in the Netherlands. No information was found about such a phenomenon.

1. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/jaarverslagen/2022/12/23/overzicht-van-giften-aan-politieke-partijen-en-hun-neveninstellingen-2021

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We are not aware of such cases.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No reports were found but the Nicaraguan government, headed by Daniel Ortega is turning into a one party system and the PRC has made many donations to the Nicaraguan government.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No significant allegations or reporting on Chinese campaign donations available. It is conceivable, given PRC's deep financial stakes, but there seems to be little evidence so far

Supplementary Notes

Most major parties favour deeper engagement with China anyway. There are allegations that they recive kick-backs on major projects. But no major accusation of campaign financing. Pakistan's electoral laws bar candidates from receiving state funding of foreign governments.

Answered by Shahzeb Jillani, and has been reviewed by Shahzada Zulfiqar

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Turkmenistan, political campaigns are irrelevant as there are no elections.

1. NO LINK

Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon within the specified timeframe of 2022.

1. https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times-daily/news/2021-07-05-investigation--anc-funder-turned-mp-and-her-links-to-shadowy-chinese-agency/

Supplementary Notes

While there is no evidence of this phenomenon in 2022, in 2021, there were reports that the ruling party in South Africa, the African National Congress (ANC), received funding from the United Front Work Department (UFWD) of the Chinese Communist Party. The funding was allegedly channeled through a politician associated with the ANC, Dr. Xiaomei Havard, who continues to serve as a member of the South African Parliament. This past incident, while outside the current timeframe, suggests the potential for ongoing influence and future incidents.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no such reports. Singapore's Political Donations Act and the subsequent Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act prohibit funding from foreign sources. However, what is less clear is the handling of donations made through local proxies. Designated Politically Significant Persons in Singapore are not required to publicly disclose their income, assets, outgoing donations, or lobbying contacts, even though income, assets, and incoming donations must be reported to the state.

1. https://sso.agc.gov.sg//Act/FICA2021
2. https://sso.agc.gov.sg//Acts-Supp/20-2000/Published/20011231?DocDate=20000620&ViewType=Advance&Phrase=Political+Donations+Act&WiAl=1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Brazilian Constitution, in article 17, prohibits political parties from receiving financial resources from a foreign entity or government.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although there are some parties which might have been supported by the PRC entities, there is no evidence.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Vietnam is governed by a single party authoritarian political system. Elections take place regularly but the candidates are nominated by the Communist party and no real political competition exists. Therefore, political campaigns require no funding or donations from third parties.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The search results indicate that while foreign funding is allowed by most Malaysian political parties' constitutions, there are no confirmed cases of PRC-connected campaign finance or donations since 2022.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not that I know of.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

However, there are concrete reports of this phenomenon in years prior to the reporting period: Link

1. http://uy.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/xwdts/202007/t20200729_4417543.htm

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No report of politicians/political parties receiving campaign donations originating from China.

1. https://www.rappler.com/nation/del-rosario-china-bragged-influence-over-philippines-2016-election/

Supplementary Notes

Foreign nationals and companies are not allowed to contribute or donate to the campaign of candidates in Philippine elections, under the Omnibus Election Code. There were political personalities having close ties with China that were alleged to have received funding from China, but these were not substantiated. But in July 2021, former Philippine Foreign Secretary Albert del Rosario claimed that a "most reliable international entity" had informed him that senior Chinese officials were "bragging that they had been able to influence the 2016 Philippine elections" and make Rodrigo Duterte the president. Duterte's spokesperson, however, dismissed this as "nonsense." 1) Link

1. https://www.rappler.com/nation/del-rosario-china-bragged-influence-over-philippines-2016-election/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 4 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no indicator of the said phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

No supporting evidence found

Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no reports of financial assitance for the political parties from PRC and its connected entities.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Abdou Rahim Lema, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Tomé Bambo, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I do not find any ecidence to answer this question.

Answered by Ryohei Suzuki, and has been reviewed by Maiko Ichihara and Yuki Moritarni

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It's possible but hard to prove

Supplementary Notes

We are unable to find any source which indicates it

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We are unable to find any source which indicates it

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We are unable to find any source which indicates it

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Because Qatar doesn't have political party.

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is forbidden by law for parties to accept donations from foreign entities (Article 8 of the Political Parties (Financing) Law, 5733-1973). Politicians can accept donations, but according to the website of the State Comptroller of Israel, there are no donors (state-related or private) from China.

1. https://www.mevaker.gov.il/En/mimun/Pages/default.aspx
2. https://statements.mevaker.gov.il/GuarantyDonationPublisher/PartiesGuarantyDonationPublisher.aspx

Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Based on experience, research and access to certain political circles and chinese companies, I do know that some of them have financed electoral campaign for some DRC politicians. Since these are not official activities and there won’t be any supporting evidence to the claim, I have put Skip as answer.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Christian Rumu