Domestic Politics
In my country, local municipalities or provinces have sister-city or sister-province ties (友好城市) with municipalities or provinces in the PRC.
2024
95/ 101
Affected Countries
Country
Score
Georgia
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Tianjin, Xinhua are sister cities of Kutaisi.-Link Gori has sister-city ties with Yunfu city-Link Batumi Ürümqi-Link(country) Poti - Shanwei-Link(country)
- https://droa.ge/?p=121950
- https://droa.ge/?p=57311
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Georgia_(country)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Georgia_(country)
Supplementary Notes
The Mayor of Tbilisi Kakhi Kaladze, met with the representatives of Sichuan province of China. Kaladze noted that in the near future they will discuss the twinning issue of Tbilisi and Sichuan. -Link
Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Georgia >Kazakhstan
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Aktau has an official sister city relationship with Karamay in China, Shymkent is paired with Baiyin (China), Nur-Sultan (Astana) is partnered with Beijing (China), and Almaty has a sister city relationship with Urumqi (China). Link Oskemen, Kazakhstan, is twinned with Tacheng, China. Link During Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev's state visit to China, agreements were signed to establish sister city relationships between Shymkent and Xi'an, China, and between the North Kazakhstan region and Shaanxi Province of China. Link
- https://tumba.kz/zhizn-regiona/11-zhizn-regiona/43012-Est_li_pobratimy_u_Aktau_i_drugih_gorodov_Kazahstan.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China
- https://en.inform.kz/news/kazakhstan-china-sign-agreements-on-sister-city-relationship-btw-regions_a4068335/
Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Kazakhstan >Kyrgyzstan
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Sister city Foshan (China) sent medicines to Osh. Link Chinese Ambassador to the Kyrgyz Republic, Du Dewen, took part in the online ceremony for signing a sister city agreement between Qingdao and Bishkek. Link. Urumqi, China – Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan – Sister Cities. Link
- http://kabar.kg/news/gorod-pobratim-foshan-kitai-otpravil-v-osh-medikamenty/
- http://kg.china-embassy.gov.cn/rus/dssghd/202112/t20211224_10475270.htm#:~:text=22%20%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F%20%D0%A7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B8%20%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9,%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BA
- https://www.orexca.com/rus/silkroad/sister_cities.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Kyrgyzstan >Jordan
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Aqaba, Jordan – Ürümqi, China; Irbid, Jordan - Zhengzhou, China; Link Amman, Jordan – Beijing, China Link Irbid, Jordan - Cheung Chau, China Link Beijing-Amman, Zhengzhou-Irbid Link
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Jordan
- http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Amman.html
- http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Irbid.html
- http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Beijing.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Jordan >Belarus
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
"13 ones in Chinese, and 22 in Belarusian: Link Link"
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Belarus
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Belarus >Mexico
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
According to the information published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, some mexican municipalities have signed sister-city ties with its chinese counterparts. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. At the same time, we are found that many of these ties were signed between the most important mexican cities and some of the most relevant cities from the PRC. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/images/stories/documentos_gobiernos/rai/dif/df16.pdf
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/images/stories/documentos_gobiernos/rai/jal/jal34.pdf
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/images/stories/documentos_gobiernos/rai/jal/jal5.pdf
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/images/stories/acuerdos/nl47.pdf
- https://portales.sre.gob.mx/coordinacionpolitica/images/stories/acuerdos/NL03.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Mexico >Panama
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Yes, there are several, including Santiago de Veraguas with Fuzhou and Baoding, Panama City with Shanghai and Guangdong, and Boquete with Gaobeidian. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" and an "Significant" rating.
- https://www.laestrella.com.pa/nacional/230925/alcalde-santiago-veraguas-representa-panama-festival-cultural-china
- https://www.laestrella.com.pa/nacional/181029/china-carta-panama-firman
- https://www.wenmi.com/article/pz7fx4007xac.html
Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Panama >Peru
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are more than 10 provincial and district municipalities in Peru that have established ties of brotherhood with Chinese municipalities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. These links reinforce the opportunity to obtain future donations and the institutional image of the municipality. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Significant” rating.
Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Peru >Venezuela
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence that demonstrates the singing of the bonds of brotherhood between the PRC provinces and the Venezuelan provinces. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few, insignificant" rating.
- https://www.ciip.com.ve/formalizan-en-china-convenio-de-hermanamiento-con-carabobo/
- https://mppre.gob.ve/2023/09/11/venezuela-desarrollara-proyectos-zee-shenzhen-shanghai-shandong/
- https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2023/09/11/presidente-de-venezuela-confirma-nuevos-convenios-con-ciudades-chinas
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Venezuela >Chile
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Up to 2023, arund 20 cities in Chile have sister-city ties with Chinese local governments, therefore, this indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. Some of these agreements have resulted in security, cultural and other type of cooperation outcomes. Important cases include Santiago, Valparaíso and Concepción. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://www.munistgo.cl/municipio-de-santiago-y-autoridades-chinas-firman-convenio-de-cooperacion/
- https://obtienearchivo.bcn.cl/obtienearchivo?id=repositorio/10221/34459/1/Hermanamientos_Chile_China__oportunidades_de_cooperacion_regional.pdf
Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Chile >Ecuador
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Some Ecaudorian local governments have signed brotherhood agreements with their counterparts in China. Therefoire, this indicator deserves a "More than a few, significant" rating.
- http://sitp.pichincha.gob.ec/repositorio/diseno_paginas/archivos/MEMORANDO%20DE%20PROFUNDIZACIO%CC%81N%20ENTRE%20GUIZHOU%20DE%20LA%20REPUBLICA%20CHINA%20Y%20EL%20GADPP.pdf
- https://ww3.quevedo.gob.ec/quevedo-y-lin-hai-china-ciudades-hermanas/
- https://gadmatic.ambato.gob.ec/archivo/convenios.php
- https://www.latacunga.gob.ec/images/pdf/Actas/2020/acta_83.pdf
- https://www.cuenca.gob.ec/sites/default/files/09-11-2016_0.pdf
- https://www.cuenca.gob.ec/content/memor%C3%A1ndum-de-entendimiento-entre-suzhou-de-la-rep%C3%BAblica-popular-china-y-la-ciudad-de-cuenca
- https://web.archive.org/web/20120610200240/http://www.babahoyo.gob.ec/noticia.php?id_noticia=1502
- https://revistademanabi.com/tag/ciudades-hermanas/
- https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/8._informe_de_rendicion_de_cuentas_2021_version_final.pdf
Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Ecuador >Bulgaria
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Both larger and smaller cities in Bulgaria have established sister ties with Chinese counterparts. Source: twinning data provided by the National Association of Municipalities in the Republic of Bulgaria. Most recently, Bulgaria's fifth large city, Ruse, has made plans to conclude a sister-city agreement with Yichun. Given, that a majority of Bulgarian municipalities have sister-city agreements with Chinese counterparts, the indicator deserves a more than a few, significant rating.
- https://www.namrb.org/pobratimiavane
- https://www.dunavmost.com/novini/predstoi-pobratimyavane-mezhdu-grad-ruse-i-kitaiskiya-grad-ichun
Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík
Explore Bulgaria >Hungary
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are 11 Chinese sister-cities, including Shanghai, Shenzhen and Wuhan. The city of Szeged has two sister-cities in China.
- https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyar_v%C3%A1rosok_testv%C3%A9rv%C3%A1rosainak_list%C3%A1ja#K%C3%ADna
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska
Explore Hungary >Belgium
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Many Belgian cities are twinned to Chinese cities, such as Brussels to Beijing, Antwerp to Shanghai, Liège and Fuzhou, Mechelen and Chengdu.
- https://wb.beijing.gov.cn/en/sister_cities/sister_cities_of_beijing/europe/european_brussels_capital_region/european_brussels_capital_region_city_profile/202008/t20200801_1968680.html
- http://news.flanders-china.be/antwerp-mission-shanghai-december-14-17-2016
- https://www.liege.be/nl/stedelijk-leven/internationaal/stedenbanden-en-partners/fuzhou-volksrepubliek-china
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Belgium >Finland
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are several sister city connections between Finnish and Chinese cities.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Finland >Ireland
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Most Irish cities and local government bodies have a link with Chinese cities in the form of twinning agreeements. Many dockland bodies also have some form of agreements. Ireland has several sister city relationships with China, including Cork-Shanghai. These relationships facilitate business opportunities, educational exchanges, and cultural ties.
- https://www.irishexaminer.com/business/arid-20233843.html
- https://councilmeetings.dublincity.ie/documents/s30676/Twinning.pdf
- https://www.thejournal.ie/limerick-signs-friendship-memorandum-with-chinese-city-of-nanjing-379053-Mar2012/
- https://www.irishtimes.com/sponsored/gateway-to-china/from-shanghai-to-shannon-a-twinning-formula-1.3671899
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Ireland >Serbia
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Numerous municipalities in Serbia have sister-city ties with municipalities in China, while Vojvodina autonomous province has agreements on cooperation with several Chinese provinces. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. These municipalities account for a majority of the Serbian population and most of the GDP. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://www.danas.rs/vesti/drustvo/zrenjanin-se-bratimi-sa-kineskim-gradom-jentaj/
- https://www.podunavlje.info/dir/2019/06/15/smederevska-palanka-se-bratimi-sa-kineskim-gradom-ansan/
- http://www.lokalnevesti.rs/2021/09/08/potpisan-memorandum-o-bratimljenju-izmedju-panceva-i-kineskog-grada-donguana/
- https://www.juznevesti.com/Drushtvo/Gradovi-pobratimi-Leskovca.sr.html
- https://rs.n1info.com/vesti/a290944-bratimljenje-vracara-i-pekinske-opstine-siceng/
- https://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/drustvo/3145020/sporazum-o-bratimljenju-beograda-i-sangaja.html
- http://www.novisad.rs/lat/delegacija-cangcuna-u-poseti-gradu-novom-sadu
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Serbia >Ukraine
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Until February 24, 2022, many agreements were recorded between the entities of Ukraine and the People's Republic of China, which in one way or another provide for sisterly ties. But after the full-scale invasion of Russia, such a practice is not observed.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Ukraine >Spain
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
They are not so many but they are from important cities in the country.
- https://www.europapress.es/turismo/destino-espana/noticia-valencia-hermana-ciudad-china-xian-colaborar-ambitos-cultural-turistico-20201124155349.html
- https://spain-china-foundation.org/cultura/barcelona-y-shenzhen-ciudades-hermanas/
- https://www.cartv.es/aragonnoticias/noticias/azcon-estrecha-relaciones-comerciales-y-culturales-con-el-alcalde-de-canton-china-3298
- https://www.cope.es/emisoras/andalucia/sevilla-provincia/sevilla/noticias/sevilla-hermana-con-chongqing-ciudad-mas-grande-del-mundo-20230904_2882151
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Spain >Pakistan
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan has several sister cities and provinces with many countries, including China.
- https://www.brecorder.com/news/40264860/china-punjab-govt-sign-letters-of-intent-to-establish-sister-cities
- https://www.app.com.pk/global/pak-china-signs-agreement-to-establish-sister-provinces-cities-parks-lakes/
Answered by Shahzeb Jillani, and has been reviewed by Shahzada Zulfiqar
Explore Pakistan >Brazil
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Porto Alegre, the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, has the Chinese city of Suzhou as its sister city. The capital of China, Beijing, is a sister city of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Curitiba has had Hangzhou as its sister city since 1999. According to the Brazil-China Chamber of Commerce and Industry, more than 20 Brazilian cities have Chinese cities as sister cities.
- https://memoria.ebc.com.br/agenciabrasil/noticia/2004-03-11/prefeito-declara-porto-alegre-cidade-irma-de-suzhou-na-china
- http://legislacao.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/leis/lei-14471-de-10-de-julho-de-2007
- https://leismunicipais.com.br/a/rj/r/rio-de-janeiro/lei-ordinaria/2015/591/5919/lei-ordinaria-n-5919-2015-dispoe-sobre-a-consolidacao-da-legislacao-municipal-referente-as-cidades-irmas-da-cidade-do-rio-de-janeiro-e-da-outras-providencias
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Brazil >Estonia
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The identified sister-cities between Estonia and the PRC include three of the most populous Estonian cities, including Tallinn (Hangzhou and Chengdu), Tartu (Ningbo) and Narva (Xiamen). The 8th largest Estonian city Maardu's sister city is Changchun.
- https://maardu.ee/en_GB/sopruslinnad
- https://www.eaa.ee/tiiu-kirsipuu-skulptuur-hiinas
- https://www.narvalib.ee/index.php/et/2676-rahvusvaheline-s-pruslinnade-p-ev
- https://beijing.mfa.ee/et/eesti-ja-hiina/kohalike-omavalitsuste-koostoo/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Estonia >Vietnam
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are many sister-city/province ties established between Vietnam and the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response. This includes Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Can Tho, Quang nam province, Lao Cai province, etc. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” and "Significant" rating.
- https://ynpaffc.org.cn/static/map/ml.html
- http://hochiminhcity.china-consulate.gov.cn/hdly/202212/t20221207_10986717.html
- https://zh.vietnamplus.vn/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E9%99%88%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%89%E4%BC%9A%E8%A7%81%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%9C%81%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC/65224.vnp
- https://fao.tj.gov.cn/XXFB2187/GJYC9244/YHCSTJ4276/202008/t20200824_3525190.html
- http://www.sdfao.gov.cn/col/col7168/index.html
- https://wb.km.gov.cn/upload/resources/file/2022/05/11/3666839.pdf
- http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/hoptac_qt/nr041014110554/
- https://www.danang.gov.vn/web/guest/gioi-thieu/chi-tiet?id=1601&_c=43
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Vietnam >Nepal
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Pokhara in Nepal alone has sister cities agreements with at least seven Chinese cities. Examples are: Kathamandu-Chengdu, Pokahara-Guangzhou, Pokhara-Kunming,Kathmandu-Lhasa, Kathmandu-Xi’An, Lalitpur-Xining, Pokahara-Lizhi, Pokahara-Yibin, Pokahara-Chiuchow, Pokhara-Haikou, Pokhara-Nanning
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202312/02/WS656a9ac6a31090682a5f1145.html
- https://www.peoplesreview.com.np/2022/08/02/china-to-build-theme-park-in-pokhara/
- https://mofa.gov.np/press-release-on-the-official-visit-of-the-rt-hon-vice-president-of-nepal-to-china/
Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Amish Mulmi
Explore Nepal >Russia
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are 366 partnerships between the regions of the two countries, including 135 at the regional level and 231 at the municipal level. To date, 59 constituent entities of the Russian Federation have agreements with PRC regions, and about 100 municipalities have sister cities or partners in China.
- https://www.pnp.ru/politics/kosachev-nazval-novye-pary-gorodov-rf-i-knr-kotorye-smogut-stat-pobratimami.html
- https://360tv.ru/news/mosobl/kashira-stupino-i-sergiev-posad-stanut-pobratimami-kitajskih-gorodov-v-2023-godu/
- https://rtyva.ru/press_center/news/visits/53038/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.
Explore Russia >New Zealand
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are more than 24 of these, some three cities have two sister city relationships with PRC cities
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_New_Zealand
- https://web.archive.org/web/20231201055552/
- https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/our-international-relations/Pages/our-international-partnerships-.aspx
Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore New Zealand >Zimbabwe
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Twinning agreements have been singed between cities in Zimbabwe and China
Answered by Ernest Mudzengi and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi
Explore Zimbabwe >Argentina
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Argentina and China have multiple sister-cities, and municipalities. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "more than a few" response. These sister-cities have educational and cultural exchanges, and in the case of the Rosario and Shanghai Twinning Agreement, they have had ties for over 20 years and have deepened economic and business exchanges. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Ciudades_hermanas_en_Argentina
- https://cshan.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/%C2%A1salta-y-xuzhou-ciudades-hermanas
- https://www.gba.gob.ar/rrii/noticias/avanzan_los_acuerdos_entre_ciudades_de_china_y_municipios_bonaerenses
- https://www.rosarionoticias.gob.ar/page/noticias/id/110555/title/Veinte-a%C3%B1os-de-hermandad:-Rosario-y-Shangh%C3%A1i-profundizan-sus-lazos-bilaterales
Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro
Explore Argentina >Uruguay
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The Uruguayan department of Paysandú is paired with the Chinese autonomous region of Guangxi and its capital Nanning. Meanwhile Uruguay's Lavalleja department is paired with China's Sichuan province. Given that it is several entities, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Meanwhile, Montevideo, the capital city, has a sister city relationships with both Qingdao and Chongqing. Given that it is the capital, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.
- https://www.mna.gub.uy/innovaportal/v/121229/70/mecweb/celebracion-del-60%C2%BA-aniversario-de-la-amistad-parlamentaria-entre-uruguay-y-china
- http://uy.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/gdxw/202009/t20200904_4420869.htm
- https://theglobalamericans.org/2021/06/uruguay-exemplifies-how-to-deal-with-china/
Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro
Explore Uruguay >Thailand
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The famous resort city of Pattaya signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) establishing special relations with Qingdao, China, in January 2023. As of March 25, 2022, according to the latest update from Thailand's Ministry of Interior, 34 Thai provinces have sister-city ties with cities in the People's Republic of China (PRC). In May 2023, Bangkok governor Chadchart Sittipunt welcomed an official delegation from Bangkok's sister city, Chaozhou, China, further strengthening the ties between the two regions.
- https://mgronline.com/local/detail/9560000008725
- https://www.nationthailand.com/thailand/general/40027985
- http://www.fad.moi.go.th/images/Sister_City/Sister_City_SIGNED.pdf
Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Thailand >Mozambique
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
On 20 October 2008, the Provincial Governor of Gaza- Republic of Mozambique, Raimundo Maico Diomba, and the Governor of Hubei Province - People's Republic of China, Luo Qingquan, signed an agreement to strengthen relations of friendship and cooperation. The project Wanbao is ongoing
- http://mz.china-embassy.gov.cn/zmgx/zmhz/202006/t20200601_6762943.htm
- https://wsb.sh.gov.cn/node550/index.html
Answered by Tomé Bambo, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Mozambique >Canada
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
A 2020 report shows there are 107 sister or friendship city agreements between Canada and China, and there’s no information about agreements termination as of 2022.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin
Explore Canada >Cambodia
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Yes, these are ubiquitous in Cambodia with every major city having multiple partners in China.
Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Cambodia >Germany
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
This is quite common in Germany. Earlier data lists 115 communal partnerships between Germany and China.
Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Germany >United Kingdom
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
By 2016, 52 formal twinning relations had been formed between British and chinese cities. In 2022, Newcastle terminated its twinning agreement with Taiyuan over the alleged human rights abuse against Uyghurs, while the majority of twinning relations still stand. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a 'More than a few' rating. While twinning relations have a mixed record in providing economic benefits to British cities, twinning relations accompanied by university partnerships have been found to deepen academic collaborations and facilitate the expansion of UK universities in China (e.g. Nottingham and Ningbo). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a 'Significant' rating.
- http://gb.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/ChinaUKRelations/dfjl/201005/t20100510_3384394.htm
- https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/545779/gs-16-14-future-of-cities-twinning-contact-britain-china.pdf
- https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-63499601
Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh
Explore United Kingdom >Australia
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
China and Australia share around 100 sister-state/province and sister-city relationships. These relationships are documented to have fostered deep business and cultural connections. Currently, Melbourne and its sister city, Tianjin, are exploring opportunities for greater collaboration in net-zero research.
- http://www.aita.com.cn/en_sister_cities/
- https://theconversation.com/after-40-years-of-australian-chinese-sister-cities-how-are-they-faring-128549#:~:text=Australian%20cities%20and%20towns%20now,these%20are%20with%20Chinese%20cities
- https://china.embassy.gov.au/bjng/auchbilateral.html
- https://www.uts.edu.au/sites/default/files/ACELG-2015_Sister-cities-and-international-alliances.pdf
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202305/16/WS6462d406a310b6054fad31b6.html
Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh
Explore Australia >Tajikistan
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
On August 31, 1997, an agreement was signed between the Government of Urumqi and the Hukumat (Government) of Dushanbe on trade, economic, scientific, technical, and cultural cooperation. On September 10, 1999, an agreement establishing sister city relations between Dushanbe and Urumqi was signed in Dushanbe. On June 20, 2013, in Dushanbe, a Joint Declaration of Twinning and an Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation was signed between the Local Executive Body of State Power in Dushanbe and the People's Government of Xiamen. There are also close connections between Dushanbe and Qingdao (PRC). Link Dushanbe's sister cities in China include Hainan, Qingdao, Ürümqi, and Xiamen. Link
- https://www.dushanbe.tj/ru/goroda-pobratimy
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Asia
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Tajikistan >Mongolia
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
"Link Orkhon, Mongolia and Baotou Beijing and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Tianji and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Yinchuan and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Mongolia >Costa Rica
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In my country, there are municipalities that have sister city ties with municipalities or provinces in the People's Republic of China. The influence phenomenon has been observed, and the scale if “Few” and the phenomenon is “Significant”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Costa Rica >Gambia
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
yes
Supplementary Notes
Nanning City and Banjul are exploring establishment of twin cities
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Gambia >Sweden
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Sweden >Romania
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
According to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, there are 53 sisterhood agreements between Romania and the PRC (19 between Romanian counties and PRC provinces, 32 between cities and 3 mixed agreements)
- http://www.cdep.ro/interpel/2022/r4669A.pdf
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Romania
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Romania >Moldova
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are other municipalities in Moldova that have twinning or cooperation agreements with PRC cities such as Bălţi, Moldova's second largest city. The government is not collecting this information because it does not considered important
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Moldova >Nicaragua
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The capital city of Nicaragua, Managua is sister city to Kunmig and the Nicaraguan city of Masaya signed a sister city agreement with Nanjing.
- https://canal6.com.ni/2022/06/16/firma-de-hermanamiento-entre-nanjing-china-y-masaya-nicaragua/
- https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2023/09/08/nexos-nicaragua-china-por-una-nueva-forma-de-cooperacion-solidaria
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez
Explore Nicaragua >Nigeria
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Osogbo is a sister city of China's Xiangyang. Therefore this indicator deserves a few, significant response.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Nigeria >South Africa
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Over 10 cities in South Africa have sister cities in China., but South Africa has over 200 cities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Twinned cities do, however, include Bloemfontein, and Cape Town which are South Africa's judicial and parliamentary capitals respectively. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_South_Africa
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_South_Africa
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore South Africa >Senegal
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is evidence of sister-city relationships (友好城市) between local municipalities and their counterparts in the People's Republic of China. Specifically: Ouakam (Senegal) has a sister-city relationship with Weihai (China). Dakar (Senegal) has a sister-city relationship with Guangzhou (China). The two sister-city relationships between Senegal and China, aligns with a ""Few"" rating. However, Dakar and Guangzhou are both major cities in their respective countries, therefore this indicator deserves a significant rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Senegal >Ethiopia
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In September 2021, Addis Ababa and China’s Fujan Province signed a sister-city relationship agreement In August 2022, Dire Dawa City of Ethiopia and Binzhou City signed a sister-city relationship agreement. In December 2023 The city of Bahir Dar in Ethiopia and the city of Dujiangyan have signed a sister city agreement. In December 2023 The City of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Shanghai city have signed a sister city agreement.
- https://www.fanabc.com/english/addis-ababa-and-chinas-fujan-sign-sister-city-agreement/
- https://www.fanabc.com/english/dire-dawa-and-binzhou-cities-of-ethiopia-china-sign-mou-for-multifacted-cooperation/
- https://www.fanabc.com/english/bahir-dar-dujiangyan-sign-agreement-to-establish-sister-city-relationship/
- https://abren.org/two-ethiopian-cities-forging-connections-in-china/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Ethiopia >Poland
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are several sister-city agrrements between Polish cities (second tier rather then first tier). But since 2020 there has been no such new agreements announced.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Poland >Timor-Leste
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is Manatuto District of Timor-Leste which is signed in an agreement to be sister city with China’s Hunan. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. This is significant because as China is growing its influence in Timor-Leste, there might be more sister cities in the future. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Significant” rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Timor-Leste >El Salvador
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In 2019, San Salvador, signed a sister-city agreement with Hangzhou province. Therefore this indicator merits a "few" rating. Since San Salvador is the capital of the country, the indicator merits a "significant" rating.
- https://historico.elsalvador.com/historico/642581/alcaldia-inaugura-plan-de-movilizacion-turistica-con-buses-donados-por-china.html#:~:text=Alcald%C3%ADas%20de%20San%20Salvador%20y%20de%20Hangzhou%20firman%20hermanamiento.&text=Con%20la%20donaci%C3%B3n%20de%20doce,%2C%20%E2%80%9CComunidades%20en%20Movimiento%E2%80%9D
- https://www.expedienteabierto.org/china-en-centroamerica/
Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz
Explore El Salvador >Philippines
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Out of the Philippines’ 149 cities and 82 provinces in the Philippines, a total of 24 cities and nine provinces have sisterhood ties with China. Of these, four partnerships have been forged in 2023: Laoag-Huangshan; Davao-Tai’an; Tuguegarao-Huzhou; Dagupan-Dongshan County of Zhangzhou City. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. The sisterhood pact extends to key cities of the country, including those in Metro Manila, Cebu City and Davao City. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Significant” rating.
- http://ph.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zfgx/zzgx/200501/t20050121_1336099.htm
- https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1207452
- https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1203675
- http://laoag.china-consulate.gov.cn/eng/yhwl/spc/200707/t20070711_5542952.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 4 anonymous experts.
Explore Philippines >Myanmar
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Yes, it is significant because two biggest cities in Myanmar have sister-city ties with Haikou, Hangzhou, Kunming, and Nanning of China. Moreover, the newly industrial city named Kyaukphyu also signed an sister-city agreement with Qulin in July 2023.
- http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Kunming.html
- https://en.db-city.com/Myanmar--Yangon--Yangon
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/756745.shtml#:~:text=Bussan%20becomes%20the%20fifth%20city,Asian%20country%20in%2025%20years.
- https://www.narinjara.com/news/detail/64c0bf0cb474f572a15ea8c2
Supplementary Notes
Kyauk Phyu Sister City, Mandalay Sister City
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Myanmar >Indonesia
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Several provinces/cities in Indonesia have sister city partnerships with provinces/cities in China.
- https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/286748/kerjasama-pemerintah-provinsi-dki-jakarta-dengan-pemerintah-kota-beijing-china-d
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357132265_Sister_City_menjadi_Wadah_Kerjasama_Kota_Semarang_dan_China
- https://jateng.antaranews.com/berita/493002/surakarta-dan-xian-siap-garap-kerja-sama-jadi-sister-city
- https://www.surabaya.go.id/id/berita/73508/perkuat-sister-city-wali-kota-eri-ajak-konjen-rrt-sempurnakan-wisata-kya-kya
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore Indonesia >Latvia
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Riga-Beijing; Riga-Suzhou; Ventspils- Ningbo; Daugavpils- Harbin; Link
Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Latvia >Armenia
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Beijing-Yerevan. (Sister or partner cities) Link Gyumri- Xi'an Link
- https://www.yerevan.am/en/sister-and-partner-cities/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China
Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Armenia >Azerbaijan
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Link on December 9, H. Hasanov met with the mayor of Janciajie city, a protocol of intent was signed between the city of Sheki and Janciajie city on the establishment of sister city relations. Link Long-standing Friendship, Dedicated Political Dialogue and Mutually Beneficial Cooperation as a Key for Thriving Economic Partnership Between Azerbaijan and China Akram Zeynalli - The city of Sumgait in Azerbaijan sent 20 tons of humanitarian assistance to its sister cities—Mianyang and Xi’an Link A memorandum on the establishment of friendly and cooperative relations was signed between Sumgait and the Chinese city of Myenyan.
- https://az.trend.az/azerbaijan/gundem/3164792.html
- https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-8086-1_3
- http://sumqayit-ih.gov.az/az/news/393.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Azerbaijan >Uzbekistan
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Samarkand and Tashkent cities have established sister city relationships with Xian and Shanghai, respectively.
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Uzbekistan >Egypt
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Alexandria - Shanghai, Cairo - Beijing, Faiyum - Haikou, Ismailia - Suzhou, Luxor - Shenzhen and Yangzhou; Aswan - Chongqing Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Egypt >Algeria
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Henan province has one since 1998
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel
Explore Algeria >Austria
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are a number of Austrian provinces and cities with partner provinces or cities in China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. However, the significance of these in terms of impact and influence for PRC entities appears to be limited. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl
Explore Austria >Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
From the period of former Yugoslavia, two Chinese cities already had status of sister cities with cities in Bosnia - Ningbo and Prijedor and Tianjin and Sarajevo. In recent years, the city of Eastern Sarajevo established this level of relationship with city of Cangzhou in Hebei province, and Sarajevo established with Dalian.
- https://lat.rtrs.tv/vijesti/vijest.php?id=533769
- http://www.prijedordanas.com/?p=14937
- https://skupstina.ks.gov.ba/prijedlog-teksta-sporazuma-o-uspostavljanju-prijateljskih-odnosa-saradnje-izmedu-kantona-sarajevo
Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska
Explore Bosnia and Herzegovina >Slovakia
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Several local and regional governments maintain paradiplomatic ties to Chinese subnational actors. Most significant is the existing partnership between Bratislava Self-governing Region and Shanghai.
- http://sk.china-embassy.gov.cn/slo/sgxx/xwdt/202004/t20200424_3369422.htm
- https://ceias.eu/under-the-radar/
Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Slovakia >Denmark
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are still a number of active Danish-Chinese sister city partnership arrangements (see some examples via the links), but the overall direction has been towards cancelling/not renewing such arrangements in the past few years (see Martin Marcussen, "Danske byer har altid haft det svært med Kina", in Andreas Forsby & Bertel Heurlin, Danske perspektiver på Kina, København: Djøf Forlag).
- https://hsfo.dk/erhverv/horsens-faar-millionby-som-soesterby
- https://www.vejle.dk/om-kommunen/fakta-om-os/venskabsbyer/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska
Explore Denmark >Albania
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Tirana has been city-twinned with Beijing since 2018. Earlier, in 2014 there have been talks between Durres and Ningbo officials in regard to twinning the cities, but no official document has been signed yet in this regard. However an agreement for friendly relationships and general cooperation has been reportedly signed in Ningbo in 2014. In 2015 Vlora was twinned with Yangzhou and in 2016 Fier was twinned with Lanzhou. Therefore this Indicator, deserves a "More than a Few" rating. However, these twinning have not had any particular relevance, therefore this Indicator, deserves a "Insignificant" rating
- https://tirana.al/artikull/10-vjetori-i-binjakezimit-mes-tiranes-dhe-pekinit
- http://english.beijing.gov.cn/beijinginfo/sistercities/
- https://www.durres.gov.al/bashkia/zyra-e-shtypit/443-kryabashkiaku-vangjush-dako-takon-delegacionin-nga-kina-bisedime-per-binjakezimin-e-durresit-me-qytetin-ningbo
- https://www.durres.gov.al/bashkia/zyra-e-shtypit/540-kryebashkiaku-vangjush-dako-pret-në-takim-delegacionin-zyrtar-nga-qyteti-kinez-i-ningbo
- http://albanian.cri.cn/1301/2015/09/16/182s145292.htm
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceal//eng/zagx/zajw/t1398022.htm
- http://albanian.cri.cn/381/2011/07/26/65s109415_1.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Albania >Greece
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
"There are several reported sister-city/province ties between Greece and China (respective list below). Therefore, this Indicator deserves a ""More than a few"" rating. However, those agreements/ties were mostly created in a framework of formality between the two countries, and bare little political or economic gravity. Therefore this Indicator deserves an ""Insignificant"" rating. Respective list of Greek and Chinese sister cities/provinces: - Athens - Beijing - Amaroussion Municipality - Chaoyang district (Beijing) - Chalandri Municipality - Habin - Corfu - Tai'an - Elefsina - Xicheng district (Beijing) - Kalamata - Xi'an - Patras - Wuxi - Piraeus - Shanghai - Trikala - Banan distict (Chongqing Municipality) - Chios - Jiujiang - Chalcis - Wuhan - Marathon - Xiamen, Danzhou - Thessaloniki - Tianjin, Shenyang, Dongguan - Lefkada - Zhoushan - Tinos - Zhoushan - Tripolis - Guiyang - Sparta - Miyun district (Beijing) - Gortyna Municipality (Crete) - Chaoyang district (Beijing) - Attica Province - Sichuan Province - Crete Provinces - Hainan Province - Peloponnese Provinces - Qinghai Province - Pieria Povince - Shandong Province"
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China
- https://greekreporter.com/2019/12/27/marathon-greece-and-danzhou-china-become-sister-cities/
- https://thessaloniki.gr/i-want-to-know-whats-going-on-in-the-city-2/twin-towns/?lang=en
- https://www.shenyang.gov.cn/english/aboutshenyang/sistercities/202201/t20220122_2580832.html
- http://gr.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zxgx/201603/t20160329_3167602.htm
- https://lefkaseabnb.gr/beautiful-sister-cities-of-lefkada/
- https://amarysia.gr/marousi/koinonia/13523-chaoyang
- https://www.ekathimerini.com/economy/257552/attica-region-twinned-with-sichuan-province-in-china/
- https://www.flynews.gr/adelfopoiisi-dimou-tripolis-dimou-guiyang-tis-kinas/
- https://www.pkm.gov.gr/default.aspx?lang=el-GR&page=290&pressid=7311
- https://www.ypes.gr/UserFiles/f0ff9297-f516-40ff-a70e-eca84e2ec9b9/Town-Twinnings.pdf
- https://www.newsbreak.gr/politiki/370079/kineziki-epiroi-ellada-kyvernisi-mitsotaki/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Greece >Turkey
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Turkish cities and towns have many sister cities in China - Ankara and Beijing; Istanbul and Shanghai. Furthermore, Turkish cities and unions of municipalities visited China in state sponsored events. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. However, having sister cities did not produce a significant deeper cooperation between Turkish and Chinese cities. Therefore, this indicator deserved an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye%27deki_%C5%9Fehirlerin_karde%C5%9F_%C5%9Fehirleri_listesi
- https://www.ibb.istanbul/icerik/kardes-sehirler
- https://marmara.gov.tr/kardes-sehirler-cinde-bulustu/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Turkey >Portugal
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In Portugal, there are several sister-cities (in portuguese "cidades geminadas") such as the cases of Castelo Branco and Zhuhai, Coimbra and Guangzhou, Oporto and Macau and Shenzhen or Lisbon and Macau. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a Few" rating. In terms of impact it seems just at a local level. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.cm-castelobranco.pt/municipe/castelo-branco/relacoes-internacionais-cooperacao/
- https://www.cm-coimbra.pt/areas/viver/relacoes-institucionais-e-internacionais/cidades-geminadas-e-acordos-de-cooperacao
- https://www.lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais
- https://www.porto.pt/pt/noticia/rui-moreira-ja-estabeleceu-ligacao-entre-shenzhen-e-hospital-de-sao-joao-para-trazer-ventiladores-da-china
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Portugal >Italy
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
While this happens, since Italian cities participating tend to be richer and more developed, it hardly seems to form a significant influence over local domestic politics.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Italy >Netherlands
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Many cities have such ties with municipalities in the PRC. Government has been inspecting these ties closely in recent years, so that their risks are significantly muted. Therefore, the indicator deserves a More than a Few and Insignificant rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Netherlands >Turkmenistan
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Yes, as reported in "Xi'an City Holds Video Conference with Sister City of Mare, Turkmenistan" and "Rizhao and Turkmennabat Establish Sister City Relationship," sister-city ties are established. However, these relationships are unlikely to influence Ashgabat's policies and its relations with the PRC.
Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau
Explore Turkmenistan >Uganda
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Entebbe and Changsha are sister-city with ties, respectively in Uganda and China. The two minicipalities recently held a business conference in Entebbe, organised with the aim of bolstering bilateral co-operation between Uganda and China, specifically the sister-sister relations of the respective cities. Jinja has also twined with Shenyang, capital of China’s northeast Liaoning province.
- https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/china-uganda-relationship-in-its-best-shape-a-NV_158999
- https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/10/27/jinja-city-twins-with-shenyang-city-in-china/
Answered by Abdou Rahim Lema, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Uganda >Japan
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Many Japanese cities have sister city ties with Chinese cities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. However, this has been seen historically. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by Ryohei Suzuki, and has been reviewed by Maiko Ichihara and Yuki Moritarni
Explore Japan >United States
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
US cities have sister-city or sister-province ties with over 80 Chinese cities and provinces. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “More than a few” rating. However, such subnational diplomacy does little to effect the overall tenor of US-China relations. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Insignificant” rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore United States >Israel
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are 22 twin cities with China in Israel. The full list can be found on Wikipedia. In April 2023, a twin city agreement was signed between the Israeli city of Netanya and the Chinese city of Chengzhou.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Israel
- https://www.netanya.muni.il/News/Pages/article2500.aspx
Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Israel >Colombia
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In Colombia, there are not many agreements for the establishment of ties, either between cities and/or between departments and provinces. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. The scope and impact of these agreements is rather limited. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://china.embajada.gov.co/newsroom/news/2021-12-17/23205
- https://acimedellin.org/cuales-ciudades-del-mundo-son-hermanas-de-medellin-y-para-que/
- http://www.chinacelacforum.org/esp/zgtlmjlbgjgx_2/202301/t20230129_11015884.htm
- https://www.cundinamarca.gov.co/dependencias/secasuntosinternacionales/noticias/la+gobernacion+de+cundinamarca+y+la+provincia+de+sichuan+estrechan+lazos+de+entendimiento
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Colombia >Sierra Leone
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In March 1984, Hefei, the capital city of East China's Anhui Province, established a sister-city relationship with Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Sierra Leone >Ghana
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Ghana's second-largest city has a sister city partnership with Wenzhou, in Zhejiang province of China
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Ghana >Tanzania
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Tanzania's Dar es Salaam has twin city ties with Changzhou and Liuzhou, while Zanzibar City has twin city ties with Haikou
- https://wsb.changzhou.gov.cn/html/wsb/2017/CIEAJFNP_0527/151.html
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Africa#cite_note-252
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Tanzania >France
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
All together 29 cities of various sizes but including major ones in France
- https://www.annuaire-mairie.fr/jumelage-chine.html
- https://www.orleans-metropole.fr/decouvrir-la-metropole-orleanaise/relations-internationales/partenariat-orleans-yangzhou
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel
Explore France >Bangladesh
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is only one sister-city agreement between China's Kunming and Bangladesh's port city Chittagong (2019). China's proposal to name 6 sister cities in Bangladesh is yet to be materialized.
- https://kunming.cn/en/sister_cities/index_2.shtml
- https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/210360/china-wants-%E2%80%98sister-cities%E2%80%99-in-bangladesh
- https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/272439/what-prevents-bangladesh-from-implementing
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel
Explore Bangladesh >Lithuania
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
At least eight Lithuanian municipalities had documented sister-city ties with Chinese counterparts before the pandemic. However, these have not led to any tangible manifestations of note. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" and "Insignificant" rating.
Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis
Explore Lithuania >Montenegro
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The Montenegrin town of Herceg Novi has a twinning agreement with the Chinese city of Hejin. This is the only know twinning agreement. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" rating. Montenegrin media have reported on several visits between officials of the two towns in Montenegro and China. However, there has been no significant impact arising from the twinning agreeent. Therefore, the indicator deserves an “insignificant” rating.
- https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/drustvo/52373/saradnja-opstine-herceg-novi-i-kineskog-grada-heidina
- https://investitor.me/2019/10/29/herceg-novi-zeli-vise-kineskih-turista/
- https://old.dan.co.me/?nivo=3&rubrika=Regioni&clanak=652445&datum=2018-06-29
- https://kccg.me/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Ugovor-o-donaciji-Ambasada-Narodne-Republike-Kine-u-crnoj-Gori.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Montenegro >North Macedonia
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The capital Skopje’s sister city is Nanchang. The town of Prilep is a sister city of Deyang in China. The town of Ohrid has a sister city in Dalian, China. Therefore, this indicastor deserves a "Few" rating. Hopwever, the cooperation between these sister cities is fairly limited, restrained to few donations of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic and on rare mutual visits of cordial nature but with little to no practical meaning, last of which was reported in 2018. Therefore, this indicator deserves an 'insignificant" rating.
- https://sdk.mk/index.php/dopisna-mrezha/50-000-maski-od-zbratimeniot-grad-nanchang-podeleni-na-bolnitsite-vo-skopje/
- https://a1on.mk/macedonia/delegacija-od-zbratimeniot-kineski-grad-dalijan-vo-poseta-na-ohrid/
- https://ohrid.gov.mk/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%B8-%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8/#1550493792804-9dd50839-cc473bde-e13530e7-072b
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Zz0A7j6gIXo
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore North Macedonia >Iceland
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Baoding, China is one of the sister-cities of Hafnarfjörður, Iceland. Besides, Wuhan, China is the sister-cities of Kópavogur, Iceland. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. We found no news reports on intense activity or engagements between the cities and a lot of cities in Iceland have sister-cities across the globe that have maybe only had one engagement over the past 80 years. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "insignificant" rating.
- https://www.kopavogur.is/is/mannlif/ahugaverdir-stadir/vinabaeir
- https://hafnarfjordur.is/mannlif/menningararfur/vinabaerinn/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Iceland >Bolivia
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The following Bolivian cities have sister-city ties with PRC cities: La Paz and Dalian; Cochabanba and Kunming; Potosí and Lhasa. Though they are important cities in Bolivia, these sister cities agreements are quite old and don't seem to have generated much over the last few years.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalian
- https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Ciudades_hermanas_en_Bolivia
- https://www.wikiwand.com/en/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_South_America
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Bolivia >India
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are a number of MOU signed between India and PRC with regards sister-city or sister-province ties, however it is not a lot based on the size of India and at the same time, after the 2020 border clashes, many of these MOU have not moved beyond the initial stage. As such this indicator has a few but insignificant rating.
- https://indbiz.gov.in/trade/indias-twinning-agreement/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20240109060306/https://indbiz.gov.in/trade/indias-twinning-agreement/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore India >Kenya
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In Kenya, three counties have a sister city agreement with PRC Cities. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Kilifi, a county on the Indian Ocean coastline, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Jiangxi Province and Jiujiang City leaders in 2023 that will serve as the foundation of cooperation and make them sister city. Others are Mombasa which has a similar agreement with Guangzhou and Fuzhou while Nairobi is a twin city with Kunming. There is no evidence to suggest that any other 44 counties has signed this. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.
- https://www.kbc.co.ke/kenyan-counties-benefiting-from-twinning-with-chinese-counterparts/
- http://www.eguangzhou.gov.cn/2018-06/05/c_253291.htm
- http://www.fuzhou.gov.cn/zgfzzt/zjrc/gjyhcs/202401/t20240102_4748931.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Kenya >Taiwan
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Hsinchu City in Taiwan has sister city tie with Binhai New Area, Tianjin Municipality and Huizhou City, Guangdong Province. Dongyin Island, Matsu has sister island tie with Xiyang Island, Xiapu, Ningde City, Fujian Province. Nantou County, through its famous tourist spotlight Sun Moon Lake, has "sister lake" relationship with West Lake in Zhejiang, Tianmu Lake in Jiangsu, Jingyue Lake in Jilin, Dajin Lake in Fujian, Jinyin Lake in Hubei, Taiping Lake in Anhui and Changshou Lake in Chungqing.
- https://dep-civil.hccg.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=126&parentpath=0,7,123
- https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190511002384-260409?chdtv
- https://www.taidaily.com/?p=338930
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Taiwan >Czech Republic
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Yes, but these ties have grown unimportant and non-active in the last years.
- https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/porady/1142743803-reporteri-ct/220452801240036/
- https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/13/world/europe/china-europe-czech-republic-ukraine.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Czech Republic >Malaysia
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In the last decade, there were quite some twin cities between China and Malaysia. The only recent ones is the one of Chang Zhou and Johor Bahru. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. There is also little to no piece showing the development of these sister cities. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Insignificant” rating.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Malaysia >Angola
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Chengdu seems to have a sister city tie with Luanda, but limited information is available as to which cities in Angola have similar arrangements.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Angola >South Korea
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Shanghai has established sister-city cooperation with Busan for example
- http://service.shanghai.gov.cn/sheninfo/specialdetail.aspx?Id=08785519-0a55-4b1c-adc8-91b7f40f6edf
- https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20180828134500083
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore South Korea >Saudi Arabia
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is a sister-city agreement between Jeddah and Xi'an
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore Saudi Arabia >Lebanon
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No Chinese sister cities Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Lebanon >Paraguay
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan
Explore Paraguay >Afghanistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Local municipalities in Afghanistan are limited to local tasks and are relatively less functional, making it unlikely for them to establish sister-city ties with the PRC.
Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau
Explore Afghanistan >Singapore
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Singapore is a city-state, so it does not enter into sister-city agreements.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Singapore >Democratic Republic of the Congo
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In 2013 an agreement was supposed to be signed between the capital city kinshasa and city of Jiangxi. But the agreement was never signed.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Alfred Bulakali
Explore Democratic Republic of the Congo >Qatar
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
We are unable to find any source which indicates it
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
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