Domestic Politics

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20210114230846/http://www.sistercitiesaustralia.com/images/images_media/Documents/Aust_SCA_Affiliations.pdf

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/nAIco

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This is a list of places in South Africa which have standing links to local communities in other countries: 15 cities and towns have sister-city ties with municipalities in China.

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_South_Africa

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Porto Alegre, the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, has the Chinese city of Suzhou as its sister city. The capital of China, Beijing, is a sister city of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Curitiba has had Hangzhou as its sister city since 1999. According to the Brazil-China Chamber of Commerce and Industry, more than 20 Brazilian cities have Chinese cities as sister cities.

1. http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/expo2010/default.php?p_noticia=127905
2. http://legislacao.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/leis/lei-14471-de-10-de-julho-de-2007
3. https://leismunicipais.com.br/a/rj/r/rio-de-janeiro/lei-ordinaria/2015/591/5919/lei-ordinaria-n-5919-2015-dispoe-sobre-a-consolidacao-da-legislacao-municipal-referente-as-cidades-irmas-da-cidade-do-rio-de-janeiro-e-da-outras-providencias

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Argentine-Chinese integration has already started with education (reference 1). Signature of the hermanamiento agreement between El Calafate and Hangzhou (reference 2). Hermanamientos of the Province of Santa Fee (reference 3). Several cities in Argentina have sister-city ties agreements with Chinese cities. As examples, we have Rosario and Shangai, and the city of Buenos Aires and Beijing.

1. https://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/noticias/la-ciudad-inauguro-la-primera-escuela-bilingue-argentino-china
2. https://cshan.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/content/firma-del-convenio-de-hermanamiento-entre-el-calafate-y-hangzhou
3. https://www.santafe.gov.ar/index.php/web/content/download/22258/107005/file/Descargar%20Documento.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Many local municipalities have sister-city ties with China.

1. https://www.sanjose.gub.uy/falero-firmo-china-hermanamiento-chongqing/
2. https://www.imcanelones.gub.uy/es/noticias/orsi-visito-al-embajador-de-china-en-uruguay-para-afianzar-hermanamientos-entre-los-gobiernos

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://coordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx/index.php/entidades/145-hidalgo
2. https://coordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx/index.php/entidades/79-queretaro
3. https://coordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx/index.php/entidades/159-nuevo-leon

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/2018-07/21/c_137339026.htm
2. https://www.ucsm.edu.pe/ciudad-hermana-de-chengdu-rindio-homenaje-arequipa-por-su-479-aniversario

Supplementary Notes

1.Shangai city is the sister city of Lima, the capital of Peru. Because of the importance of Shanghai, the second most important bank of Peru has an office in this place Link, or Link. 2. Chengdu city is the sister city of Arequipa, the second most important city of Peru. 3. Official document issued by the Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs listing the sister cities of Peru Link. 4. Link Report includes geopolitical actions of sisters’ cities between PRC and Latin America.

1. https://interbank.pe/oficina-en-china
2. https://elmirador.pe/economia-y-empresas/pymes-y-mypes/586-interbank-y-bank-of-china-crean-un-china-desk-en-peru.html
3. http://www.rree.gob.pe/politicaexterior/Documents/Acuerdos%20de%20hermanamiento.pdf
4. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/777/77751033009.pdf

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below links.

1. https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20180828134500083
2. http://service.shanghai.gov.cn/sheninfo/specialdetail.aspx?Id=08785519-0a55-4b1c-adc8-91b7f40f6edf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below links.

1. https://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/seattles-sister-cities/chongqing#:~:text=The%20Seattle%2DChongqing%20Sister%20City,sister%20city%20ties%20in%201983
2. https://sistercitiesofla.org/sister-cities/guangzhou/#:~:text=Guangzhou%20%7C%20Sister%20Cities%20of%20Los%20Angeles
3. https://os.dc.gov/service/dc-sister-cities

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://www.asiapacific.ca/publication/rainy-day-connections-sister-cities-during-covid-19

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Thai provinces have sister-city ties with 71 cities in PRC Link Bangkok: Beijing, Chaozhou, Chengdu, Chonqing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Shangdong, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin (Link) Chiangmai has 5 sister cities in China. These cities include Shanghai, Chengdu, Chongqing, Kunming and Tsingtao. (Link.) Pattaya, Hubei sign sister-city agreement (Link) In 2013, Leshan and Prachuap Khiri Khan became sister cities (Link)

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok#Sister_cities
2. http://iad.bangkok.go.th/en/showsister_cities?id=31
3. https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010000/http://www.icdi.cmu.ac.th/Research/SCRC.aspx#:~:text=In%20Global%20Network%20Civilization%2C%20Chiangmai,%2C%20Chongqing%2C%20Kunming%20and%20Tsingtao
4. https://www.pattayamail.com/news/pattaya-hubei-sign-sister-city-agreement-42546
5. https://www.zhangjiajietravel.com/old/travel-news/Zhangjiajie-to-Establish-Sister-City-Relationship-with-Pattaya-of-Thailand.html
6. http://www.china.org.cn/travel/Wild_Sichuan/2016-09/02/content_39195066.htm
7. http://www.fad.moi.go.th/index.php/blogsister

Supplementary Notes

Thai provinces have sister-city ties with 71 cities in PRC Link

1. http://www.fad.moi.go.th/index.php/blogsister

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. Beijing – Phnom Penh, 2. Beihai – Kep, 3. Chongqing – Phnom Penh, 4. Fuzhou – Siem Reap, 5. Hefei – Phnom Penh, 6. Kunming – Phnom Penh, 7. Nanning – Sihanoukville, 8. Shanghai – Phnom Penh, 9. Shenzhen – Phnom Penh, 10. Wuxi – Sihanoukville • Cambodia's Phnom Penh, China's Beijing become "sister cities" Link

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/21/c_137195145.htm
2. http://english.ah.gov.cn/AboutAnhui/InternationalExchanges/SisterProvincesandCities/4004821.html
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China#cite_note-anhui-1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Johor Bahru – Changzhou Link Klang – Urumqi , Yongzhou Link Kota Kinabalu – Hangzhou, Heyuan, Jiangmen Link Link Kuantan – Qinzhou Link Kuching – Kunming, Quanzhou Link Link Labuan – Xianning Link Malacca city – Haikou, Nanjing Link Miri – Guangning Link Penang Island – Xiamen Link Sibu - Fuqing, Guangning, Gulou (Fuzhou), Gutian, Jintang, Minqing, Nanping, Ningde, Pingnan, Putian, Puyang, Qinghe, Wuyishan Link Tawau – Zhangping Link

1. https://english.jschina.com.cn/TodayJiangsu/201611/t20161110_3090708.shtml
2. https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2012/04/03/investors-from-china-urged-to-invest-in-malaysia/
3. https://harvardwang.com/make-klang-great-again/
4. http://fao.hangzhou.gov.cn/col/col1693392/index.html
5. http://en.gxzf.gov.cn/2019-11/14/c_424569.htm
6. http://english.kmust.edu.cn/html/NewsfhfhfhEvents/2018/01/08/99fdc41a-6f74-484c-a3a2-248fcb1aa360.html
7. http://www.enquanzhou.com/2019-11/13/c_426826_2.htm
8. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=116880
9. https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010000/http://www.haikou.gov.cn/sq/jrhk/yhcs/index_3.html
10. https://kknews.cc/zh-my/education/png9lrp.html
11. http://www.xmenglish.cn/en/aboutxm/sistercities/index_1.htm
12. https://iluminasi.com/bm/5-bandar-kembar-di-negara-lain-yang-mempunyai-hubungan.html
13. https://www.theborneopost.com/2013/06/03/tawau-to-have-sister-city-partnership-with-zhangping-city/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An extensive phenomenon in Germany. E.g. Hamburg and Shanghai began a “sister city” partnership in 1986. In 1987, Cologne and Beijing. Today there are very many: Aachen/Ningbo, Augsburg/Jinan etc. “Sister” relationships also exist on the district level, e.g. Berlin’s Mitte district and Beijing’s Chaoyang district.

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A paper from 2016 for the Government Office for Science found 52 formal twinning partnerships between Chinese and British cities. Cardiff is twinned with Xiamen, Manchester is twinned with Wuhan, Leeds is twinned with Hangzhou, and Wirral is twinned with Taicang.

1. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/545779/gs-16-14-future-of-cities-twinning-contact-britain-china.pdf

Answered by Sam Hogg, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.danas.rs/vesti/drustvo/zrenjanin-se-bratimi-sa-kineskim-gradom-jentaj/
2. https://www.podunavlje.info/dir/2019/06/15/smederevska-palanka-se-bratimi-sa-kineskim-gradom-ansan/
3. http://www.lokalnevesti.rs/2021/09/08/potpisan-memorandum-o-bratimljenju-izmedju-panceva-i-kineskog-grada-donguana/
4. https://www.juznevesti.com/Drushtvo/Gradovi-pobratimi-Leskovca.sr.html
5. https://rs.n1info.com/vesti/a290944-bratimljenje-vracara-i-pekinske-opstine-siceng/
6. https://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/drustvo/3145020/sporazum-o-bratimljenju-beograda-i-sangaja.html
7. http://www.novisad.rs/lat/delegacija-cangcuna-u-poseti-gradu-novom-sadu

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Both larger and smaller cities in Bulgaria have established sister ties with Chinese counterparts.

1. https://www.namrb.org/pobratimiavane
2. https://www.montana.bg/%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5
3. https://www.plovdiv.bg/about-plovdiv/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5/
4. https://mun.sliven.bg/gradove-partniori
5. https://obshtinaruse.bg/pobratimeni-gradove
6. https://www.varna.bg/bg/455 6. https://www.kardjali.bg/?pid=4,adm_11

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyar_v%C3%A1rosok_testv%C3%A9rv%C3%A1rosainak_list%C3%A1ja#K%C3%ADna

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000006221649.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.cdep.ro/interpel/2022/r4669A.pdf
2. https://www.mae.ro/bilateral-relations/3121
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Romania

Supplementary Notes

According to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, there are 53 sisterhood agreements between Romania and the PRC (19 between Romanian counties and PRC provinces, 32 between cities and 3 mixed agreements)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to experts, there are at least 91 agreemets between Ukrainian and PRC entities which envisage, in one way o another, sister-city ties.

1. https://expertforum.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/China-Watch-Chinese-communities-in-Romania-Bulgaria-and-Ukraine.pdf.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

They are not so many but they are from important cities in the country.

1. https://www.europapress.es/turismo/destino-espana/noticia-valencia-hermana-ciudad-china-xian-colaborar-ambitos-cultural-turistico-20201124155349.html
2. https://spain-china-foundation.org/cultura/barcelona-y-shenzhen-ciudades-hermanas/
3. https://www.cartv.es/aragonnoticias/noticias/azcon-estrecha-relaciones-comerciales-y-culturales-con-el-alcalde-de-canton-china-3298

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kutaisi is twinned with Tianjin, China Link(country)#Kutaisi Also it is a sister city of Laiwu (Jinan), China and Nanchang, China Link(country)

1. https://kids.kiddle.co/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Georgia_(country)#Kutaisi
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Georgia_(country)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Sister city of Foshan (China) sent medicines to Osh

1. http://kabar.kg/news/gorod-pobratim-foshan-kitai-otpravil-v-osh-medikamenty/

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://tuckmagazine.com/2018/12/11/ethiopia-addis-sister-cities/

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://sistercities.org/trilateral-partnership-nairobi-kenya-denver-u-s-kunming-china/
2. https://www.sistercities.org/sino-african-initiative/
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Kenya

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The following Bolivian cities have sister-city ties with PRC cities: La Paz and Dalian; Cochabanba and Kunming; Potosí and Lhasa.

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_South_America

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Ho Chi Minh city is the biggest cities in Vietnam and has collaborative relationship with Shanghai and Shenyang. Da Nang city – famous tourist city in Vietnam, this city has sister-city ties with Kunming and Macau city, Shandong province

1. http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/hoptac_qt/nr041014110554/
2. https://www.danang.gov.vn/gioi-thieu/danh-muc?id=43&page=1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

On December 3, 2019, Ilocos Sur, Philippines and Hubei Province, China established Sister-Province relations in Vigan, Ilocos Sur Province. Link Both existing sister cities from the People’s Republic of China, namely, Jinjiang Municipal People’s Government and Nanning Municipal People’s Government were prompt to send medical and personal protective equipment to Davao City. Link On August 13, 1982, Baguio City, Philippines and Hangzhou City, China established Sister-City relations in Hangzhou. On October 20, 2002, Ilocos Norte, Philippines and Shandong Province, China established Sister-Province relations in Jinan, Shandong Province. On October 25, 2005, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte and Laibing City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region established Sister-City relations in Nanning. On August 21, 2009, Pangasinan, Philippines and Sichuang Province, China established intent of Sister-Province relations in Sichuang Province. The local government of Quezon City and Shenyang Municipal People’s Government of China renewed their sister-city ties on Monday (May 20 2019) at the Bulwagang Amoranto in Quezon City Hall. Link The Sangguniang Panlungsod (SP) passed a resolution authorizing Mayor Jose Espinosa to sign the agreement for and on behalf of the Iloilo city government to forge a friendly relationship with China’s Quanzhou City in Fujian Province. Link

1. http://laoag.china-consulate.org/eng/yhwl/spc/t339056.htm
2. https://www.davaocity.gov.ph/covid-19/sister-cities-help-bodes-well-in-davao-citys-foreign-ties/

Supplementary Notes

None

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Estonian cities that have cooperation agreements with PRC counterparts are Tallinn (Beijing, Hangzhou, Chengdu), Maardu (Changchun), Tartu (Ningbo), Narva (Xiamen). Pärnu is on the verge of signing cooperation agreement with Qingdao.

1. https://archive.vn/pnrVi
2. https://www.eaa.ee/tiiu-kirsipuu-skulptuur-hiinas
3. https://www.tallinn.ee/est/Uudis-Hiinas-Chengdus-avati-Eesti-kunstniku-skulptuur
4. https://beijing.mfa.ee/et/eesti-ja-hiina/kohalike-omavalitsuste-koostoo/
5. https://parnu.postimees.ee/6706976/linn-kusib-volikogult-aktsepti-hiina-miljonilinnaga-sobrustamiseks
6. http://www.narva.ee/ee/linnakodanikule/tanane_narva/valis_ja_soprussuhted/page:535/subpage:2
7. https://archive.vn/70P1J

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are three cities in Bosnia that have twin-city ties with cities in PRC, and those are Sarajevo, Mostar and Prijedor. Their sister-cities are Tianjin, Yinchuan and Ningbo, in that order.

1. https://www.sarajevo.ba/bs/article/5778/gradovi-pobratimi-spisak
2. https://www.mostar.ba/gradovi-prijatelji.html
3. https://www.prijedorgrad.org/sr-BA/medjunarodna-saradnja.html

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic, Emir Muric and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Tirana has been twinned with Beijing since 2018 (See: Link and Link ) . In 2014 there have been talks between Durres and Ningbo officials in regard to twinning the cities, but no official act has been signed yet in this regard. However an agreement for friendly relationships and general cooperation has been reportedly signed in Ningbo in 2014. See: Link and: Linkë-takim-delegacionin-zyrtar-nga-qyteti-kinez-i-ningbo ) In 2015 Vlora was twinned with Yangzhou. (See: Link ) In 2016 Fier was twinned with Lanzhou. (See: Link and Link ). Tirana, Durres, Fier and Vlore are major urban and economic areas in Albania.

1. https://tirana.al/artikull/10-vjetori-i-binjakezimit-mes-tiranes-dhe-pekinit and http://english.beijing.gov.cn/beijinginfo/sistercities/
2. https://www.durres.gov.al/bashkia/zyra-e-shtypit/443-kryabashkiaku-vangjush-dako-takon-delegacionin-nga-kina-bisedime-per-binjakezimin-e-durresit-me-qytetin-ningbo
3. https://www.durres.gov.al/bashkia/zyra-e-shtypit/540-kryebashkiaku-vangjush-dako-pret-në-takim-delegacionin-zyrtar-nga-qyteti-kinez-i-ningbo
4. http://albanian.cri.cn/1301/2015/09/16/182s145292.htm
5. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceal//eng/zagx/zajw/t1398022.htm
6. http://albanian.cri.cn/381/2011/07/26/65s109415_1.htm

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/drustvo/52373/saradnja-opstine-herceg-novi-i-kineskog-grada-heidina
2. https://investitor.me/2019/10/29/herceg-novi-zeli-vise-kineskih-turista/
3. https://old.dan.co.me/?nivo=3&rubrika=Regioni&clanak=652445&datum=2018-06-29

Supplementary Notes

The Montenegrin town of Herceg Novi has a twinning agreement with the Chinese city of Hejin. Montenegrin media have reported on several visits between officials of the two towns in Montenegro and China.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tanga-yangzhou-agree-on-sister-cities-arrangements-2620446

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The response to the previous question somewhat applies here

1. https://www.lusakatimes.com/2017/07/29/twinning-lusaka-province-sichuan-province-transform-livelihoods-veep/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.linkoping.se/kommun-och-politik/internationellt-arbete/vanorter/
2. https://kinacentrum.se/publikationer/lokal-frost-i-relationerna
3. https://malmo.se/Sa-arbetar-vi-med.../Omvarld/Strategiskt-omvarldsarbete/Vanorter.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/ciudades-chinas-y-ticas-fortalecen-sus-lazos-de-hermandad

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://bit.ly/3an2fLS
2. https://revistademanabi.com/tag/ciudades-hermanas/
3. https://bit.ly/3O6J5Zh
4. https://bit.ly/3zdhfGh
5. https://www.wikiwand.com/zh-hant/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%88%96%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8
6. http://www.gzfao.gov.cn/ztlm/yhcs/content/post_136607.html#:~:text=%E6%AD%A4%E5%A4%96%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%9B%A2%E8%BF%98%E4%B8%8E,%E5%B8%82%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E3%80%82

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://twitter.com/colonalcaldia/status/1343715235253858306?lang=ca
2. http://elsiglo.com.pa/espectaculos/aristides-urena-invitado-china/24117156

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.chisinau.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=403&id=36217&t=/Presa/Comunicate-de-presa/Incheierea-acordului-de-infratire-cu-oraul-Xi-an-China
2. http://ungheni.md/orase-infratite/
3. https://balti.md/investitii/relatii-externe/orase-parteneri/

Supplementary Notes

There are other municipalities in Moldova that have twinning or cooperation agreements with PRC cities, including Balti - Moldova's second largest city. The government is not centralizing this information, primarily because it does not regard it as important

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.app.com.pk/global/pak-china-signs-agreement-to-establish-sister-provinces-cities-parks-lakes/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are 5 provinces that have established town twinning of sister cities with those in the PRC. However, there has been research that indicated these sister cities has not been efficiently carried out primarily due to the lack of clear standards and timeline of execution

1. https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JHI/article/view/21291/12790

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Aktau has an official sister city - Karamay in China, Shymkent - Baiyin (China), Nur-Sultan (Astana) - Beijing (China), Almaty - Urumqi (China) Link

1. https://tumba.kz/zhizn-regiona/11-zhizn-regiona/43012-Est_li_pobratimy_u_Aktau_i_drugih_gorodov_Kazahstan.html

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

On August 31, 1997, an Agreement was signed between the Government of the city of Urumqi and the Khukumat (Government) of the city of Dushanbe on trade, economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation. On September 10, 1999, in the city of Dushanbe, an Agreement was signed on the establishment of twinning relations between the cities of Dushanbe and Urumqi. On June 20, 2013, in the city of Dushanbe, a joint Declaration on Twinning and an Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation was signed between the Local State Executive Authority of Dushanbe and the People's Government of Xiamen. Also there are close relations between Dushanbe (Tajikistan) and Qingdao (China). Link

1. https://www.dushanbe.tj/ru/goroda-pobratimy

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Records show that many main cities have a “sister” status with localities in China. For example, Santiago Municipality (Capital) has a sister status with Beijing. Nevertheless, most main Chilean cities have also ties with cities in Europe and the US. For example. Santiago has a sister-ties with Miami, Mississippi and Minneapolis, all in the US. Viña del Mar has sister ties with Sausalito, California, and has a neighborhood named after it. Valparaíso has sister ties with Long Beach (and has a neighborhood called Playa Ancha) and also with Shanghai and Guanzhou. Moreover, many cities have started to install sister ties with Chinese local governments and haven’t succeed or continued the process. Copiapó holds the record regarding sister cities in China, having ties with Jilin, Jiujiang, Nanchang, Ruichang, Panyu, Pingxiang and Yantai.

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421005609/https://www.vinadelmarchile.cl/articulo/municipio/1/5048/vina-del-mar-consolida-hermanamiento-con-ciudad-china-de-wuxi.html
2. https://www.bcn.cl/observatorio/asiapacifico/noticias/hermanamiento-santiago-beijing-resultados
3. https://www.bcn.cl/observatorio/asiapacifico/noticias/iquique-nanning-hermanamiento-avances-2009
4. https://www.latercera.com/pulso/proyeccion-del-hermanamiento-local-entre-chile-y-china/
5. https://www.bcn.cl/portal/resultado-busqueda?texto=Hermanamiento&dc_source=&npagina=1&tipo_recurso=

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://www.kaigisho.com/jcf/pdf-city-list.pdf

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Around 20% of the 100 largest cities maintain some relations with PRC partners. Examples of cities that in the past attended the relevant conferences and still maintain sister city relations provided.

1. https://wydawnictwo.uni.lodz.pl/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/KAMINSKI_The-role-of-Regions-in-EU-.pdf
2. https://archive.vn/K8p2y
3. https://archive.vn/tlI72
4. https://archive.vn/yRLfR

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Alexandria - Shanghai, Cairo - Beijing, Faiyum - Haikou, Ismailia - Suzhou, Luxor - Shenzhen and Yangzhou Link

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Egypt

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Aqaba, Jordan – Ürümqi, China; Irbid, Jordan - Zhengzhou, China; Link Amman, Jordan – Beijing, China Link Irbid, Jordan - Cheung Chau, China Link

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Jordan
2. http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Amman.html
3. http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Irbid.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye%27deki_%C5%9Fehirlerin_karde%C5%9F_%C5%9Fehirleri_listesi
2. https://www.ibb.istanbul/icerik/kardes-sehirler
3. https://marmara.gov.tr/kardes-sehirler-cinde-bulustu/

Supplementary Notes

Turkish cities and towns have many sister cities in China - Ankara and Beijing; Istanbul and Shanghai. Furthermore, Turkish cities and unions of municipalities visited China in state sponsored events. However, having sister cities did not produce a significant deeper cooperation between Turkish and Chinese cities.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is mostly dormant at the moment eventhough some ties were established previously.

1. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-gets-3-sister-cities-in-china-and-one-sister-province-763295
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cgmb/eng/zxhd/t1404830.htm#:~:text=Mumbai%2C%20Aurangabad%2C%20Solapur%20and%20Nagpur,of%20China%20and%20India%20respectively.
3. https://www.gatewayhouse.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/GH_Sister-Cities-Report_Web_Final_2.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Samarkand & Tashkent cities have ties with Xian & Shanghai - Link

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Asia#Uzbekistan

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://wb.jl.gov.cn/yhcs_85472/201910/t20191017_6114452.html
2. http://www.xiping.gov.cn/portal/jrxp/bmxx/webinfo/2022/03/phone1649451119368148.htm
3. http://www.amo.cz/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Mapinfluence-policy-paper-SK.pdf
4. https://ceias.eu/under-the-radar/

Answered by , and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://chine.in/guide/jumelages-franco_416.html
2. https://www.orleans-metropole.fr/decouvrir-la-metropole-orleanaise/relations-internationales/les-villes-amies/yangzhou-chine

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

At least eight Lithuanian municipalities have some documented ties with Chinese counterparts. However, these have not led to any tangible manifestations of note.

1. https://www.eesc.lt/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RESC.-Lithuanias-decoupling-from-China_2021_EN.pdf

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This is a quite common phenomenon (for an official list see link below). However, the significance of these in terms of impact and influence for PRC entities appears to be limited.

1. https://www.bmeia.gv.at/oeb-peking/bilaterale-beziehungen/oesterreich-china/partnerschaften-freundschaftsvertraege/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://sdk.mk/index.php/dopisna-mrezha/50-000-maski-od-zbratimeniot-grad-nanchang-podeleni-na-bolnitsite-vo-skopje/
2. https://a1on.mk/macedonia/delegacija-od-zbratimeniot-kineski-grad-dalijan-vo-poseta-na-ohrid/
3. https://ohrid.gov.mk/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%B8-%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8/#1550493792804-9dd50839-cc473bde-e13530e7-072b
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Zz0A7j6gIXo

Supplementary Notes

The capital Skopje’s sister city is Nanchang. During the pandemic in 2020 Skopje received 50,000 face masks from Nanchang as help. The town of Prilep is a sister city of Deyang in China The town of Ohrid has a sister city in Dalian, China. Although local media have reported on a visit from this city in 2018 as a sister city, the municipal page notes this city not as a sister city but as a city with which they have signed a protocol for cooperation.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, as the reports "Xi'an City Holds Video Conference with Sister City of Mare, Turkmenistan" and "Rizhao and Turkmennabat establish sister city relationship" showed. But sister-city ties unlikely to influence Ashgabat-made Turkmen policies and relations with PRC.

1. http://m.rzw.com.cn/pcarticle/145310
2. http://szfwsb.lanzhou.gov.cn/art/2017/11/16/art_8357_421177.html
3. http://tm.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sbwl/202008/t20200825_9490354.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://cinainitalia.com/2020/08/20/gemellaggio-tra-citta-cinese-e-siena/
2. http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/gemellaggieaccordi/
3. https://cinainitalia.com/2020/06/25/cina-italia-guiyang-e-vicenza-saranno-gemellate/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ftm.nl/artikelen/steden-en-provinciebanden-met-chinese-tegenhangers-2?share=q7it7OA7KDmWcHxWXIIY2Q876cHhwxGRfd1GKRN5W6cE6jmZ5wK%2FtOsmfwuU8TY%3D
2. https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2022-01/vriendschap-winnen.pdf

Supplementary Notes

Media source has long list of 42 local government / city ties, some no longer active. Situation monitored by the government since recent years

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Hsinchu City in Taiwan has sister city tie with Binhai New Area, Tianjin Municipality and Huizhou City, Guangdong Province. Dongyin Island, Matsu has sister island tie with Xiyang Island, Xiapu, Ningde City, Fujian Province. Nantou County, through its famous tourist spotlight Sun Moon Lake, has "sister lake" relationship with West Lake in Zhejiang, Tianmu Lake in Jiangsu, Jingyue Lake in Jilin, Dajin Lake in Fujian, Jinyin Lake in Hubei, Taiping Lake in Anhui and Changshou Lake in Chungqing.

1. https://dep-civil.hccg.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=126&parentpath=0,7,123
2. https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190511002384-260409?chdtv
3. https://www.taidaily.com/?p=338930

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Chen Yu-jie

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As mentioned above, these agreements have indeed come into effect, though there are few of them (no more than 10, including sister departmental/provincial agreements) and they have had little impact.

1. https://caracol.com.co/emisora/2019/09/19/sincelejo/1568854940_315829.html
2. https://www.barranquilla.gov.co/desarrolloeconomico/relaciones-internacionales/hermanamientos

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, but these ties have grown unimportant and non-active in the last years.

1. https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/1142743803-reporteri-ct/220452801240036/obsah/800730-drahe-sliby

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

'In March 1984, Hefei, the capital city of East China's Anhui Province, established a sister-city relationship with Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone'-this highlighted in the link but no available data suggesting that this partnership is still in force or discarded.

1. http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/focac/183425.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://newsghana.com.gh/ghana-signs-sister-city-deal-with-china/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Only Banjul City Council has a sister City in China.

1. https://www.facebook.com/384842501980079/posts/in-combating-covid-19-the-peoples-republic-of-china-embassy-in-the-gambia-today-/819305565200435/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.liege.be/fr/vie-communale/services-communaux/international/jumelages-et-partenaires
2. https://www.woluwe1150.be/services-communaux/jumelages/
3. https://www.mons.be/ma-commune/mons-et-son-histoire/jumelages/changsha

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Some 20 twinning agreements between Greek and Chinese local authorities are recorded, though the validity of these agreements is not easy to verify. Sometimes, twinning agreements between local authorities (e.g. Athens and Beijing) extend to hospitals.

1. https://dimoschalkideon.gr/en/twinning-agreement-paves-way-cooperation-chalkida-wuhan/
2. https://greekherald.com.au/news/athens-and-beijing-children-s-hospitals-sign-twinning-agreement/
3. https://news-ta.gr/%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%89%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%AF-%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82-%CE%B4%CE%AE%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD-%CE%BC%CE%B5-%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CE%BA/
4. https://www.ekathimerini.com/multimedia/images/257530/attica-twins-with-china-s-sichuan-region/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Shaki twinned with China's Zhangjiajie" (see below URL 1) "Sumgayit is twinned and cooperates with the Chinese cities of Xi'an and Chun." (see below URL 2)

1. https://az.trend.az/azerbaijan/gundem/3164792.html
2. https://report.az/maraqli-melumatlar/sumqayit-seherini-cinliler-bezeyecek/

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Minks is among the list (see below URL 1, 2)

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Belarus

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Local municipalities in Singapore do not have the legal leeway to make such arrangements.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

there is list of the sister-city ties of prc Link

1. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%88%96%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No sister municipalities

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://recursos.mec.edu.py/kiwix/wikipedia_es_all_maxi/A/Lista_de_ciudades_hermanas_en_Paraguay
2. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Ciudades_hermanas_en_Paraguay

Supplementary Notes

A list of sister cities found recorded in the page of the Ministry of Education is detailed, but it comes from a third source related to the "Wiki" environment.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Supplementary Notes

Both Governments are working on this issue.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the twin towns/sister cities of Latvia, municipalities of China are not indicated: Link

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Latvia

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

local municipalities in Afghanistan are limited to local task and relatively less functional to reach to PRC arrange sister-city ties.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has expressed its desire to build six sister cities in Bangladesh and promised to make those cities as developed as some Chinese cities. However, such a deal has not been materialised yet. Only Kunming is shown as a sister city of Chittagong in Bangladesh. But no ties with local municipalities.

1. https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/chinese-proposal-bangladesh-sister-city-alliance-67725/
2. https://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2020/05/19/china-wants-sister-cities-in-bangladesh
3. https://kunming.cn/en/sister_cities/index_2.shtml
4. https://newsmobile.in/articles/2020/07/26/the-red-alert-chinas-sister-city-alliances-are-more-politically-motivated-than-it-appears-heres-the-reality/
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Bangladesh

Supplementary Notes

We have skipped this question. "No ties with local municipality" means we have not seen a report mentioning the agreement between local municipalities of these two countries. This report mentions that the Sister city arrangements are not functioning well in Bangladesh. Link Link

1. https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2022/06/13/what-prevents-bangladesh-from-implementing-sister-city-cooperation
2. https://newsmobile.in/articles/2020/07/26/the-red-alert-chinas-sister-city-alliances-are-more-politically-motivated-than-it-appears-heres-the-reality/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.