Academia
In my country, scholars or academics have been pressured after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC, including via visa denials for PRC travel, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
2024
11/ 97
Affected Countries
Country
Score
Sweden
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
(I know of cases since 2022 where scholars were denied visas due to political concerns, though there is no publicly available evidence to substantiate these claims.)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Sweden >Ireland
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
A number of academics have reported pressure from the PRC as a result of there work. This includes being call to the embassy and having work censured in China. Academic writing article analyzing Huawei in Ireland was subject of meeting between CEO and top Irish civil servant. University refused to back the academic.
- https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/huawei-chief-criticises-academic-s-false-attack-over-5g-security-risks-1.4493157
- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLevFRmM0fXcSqv3zJBF4OKIa5WhzByw8U
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Ireland >France
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Given the presence of wolf-warrior Chinese Ambassador Lu Shaye in Paris
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel
Explore France >Taiwan
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Many of the scholars, who raise a more critical view toward China, would choose not to visit China for their own safety, as the physical security is less protected in China. Also, Taiwanese people have to apply for the Mainland Travel to travel to China. And the Chinese authorities are likely to barricade the applications of those they dislike during the process without given a specific reason. In contrast, more Taiwanese scholars have confronted the situation of being openly denied visa to or being deported back from Hong Kong since 2013. After the Hong Kong National Security Laws came into effect in 2020, most of the outspoken academics against critical opinions on PRC refrain from traveling to China, Hong Kong, or Macau.
- https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2014/05/140530_hk_taiwan_scholar_banned
- https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/385301
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Taiwan >Estonia
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Märt Lännemees, president of Estonian Academic Orientalist Society, was once denied entry to the PRC due to his advocacy for Tibet. Therefore this indicator desreves a 'Significant' rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Estonia >United States
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In 2023, the PRC sanctioned the Hudson Institute. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Many think tanks and scholars that engage with the PRC may feel cautious about expressing scholarship that is critical of the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore United States >Germany
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are only few examples but those are very significant. The most prominent example is the by now sanctioned MERICS. MERICS' staff are all unable to obtain a visa to travel to China.
Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Germany >Italy
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are limited accounts of some form of pressure exerted on scholars or academics, but overall any incidents of this sort were minor and quickly criticized heavily, forcing any pressure to dissipate immediately. The IAI report speaks of cooperation between academic institutions and businesses that were construed by the authors as a means of informal pressure on universities and departments to not produce or endorse positions critical of the PRC. It does not speak of any overt incident or circumstance, though.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Italy >Japan
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
While they are not pressured in Japan, there have been cases where scholars who analyze China get detained when visiting China for presumably works that are not positively considered by the PRC.
- https://www3.nhk.or.jp/sapporo-news/20240515/7000066973.html
- https://www.pp.u-tokyo.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ff9d247b736eb5cf6e91076e640c87f3.pdf
- https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASS4Q1JG2S4QUHBI009M.html
- https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOGR18A7N0Y4A310C2000000/
- https://www.nippon.com/ja/in-depth/d00527/
Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by Ryohei Suzuki and Yuki Moritarni
Explore Japan >South Korea
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
In 2019, dozens of Korean and Chinese students glared at each other for over four hours in the first floor lobby of the College of Humanities at Hanyang University in Seongdong-gu, Seoul. It started around 1 p.m. when about 10 members of this school's 'Student Group for Promoting the Truth About Hong Kong' posted two posters expressing support for the Hong Kong protests. Five Chinese students passing by began protesting about this. They immediately rushed to remove the poster and engaged in a physical fight, bumping shoulders and pushing and pulling with the Korean students. Instead of taking off the poster, the Chinese students stuck notes on the poster with the five-star red flag (Chinese flag), 'Long live Kim Jong-un', and 'Dokdo is Japanese territory'. Still, the confrontation continued. The number of Chinese students increased over time, reaching about 40 at 5 p.m. The standoff ended when a security guard intervened.
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore South Korea >Cambodia
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Yes. Data here comes from interviews; however, in order to protect sources names here cannot be provided.
Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Cambodia >Georgia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Georgia >Latvia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Latvia >Armenia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Armenia >Azerbaijan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Azerbaijan >Kazakhstan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No evidence was found.
Supplementary Notes
The Consul General of China commented on the refusal to issue individual visas to Kazakhs. Link Students cannot get a visa to China. Link
- https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/genkonsul-kitaya-prokommentiroval-otkaz-vyidache-300882/
- https://rus.azattyq.org/a/studenty-viza-v-kitay-problemy/28656058.html
Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Kazakhstan >Uzbekistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Uzbekistan >Tajikistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Tajikistan >Kyrgyzstan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Kyrgyzstan >Jordan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Jordan >Egypt
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Egypt >Lebanon
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No new evidence was found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova
Explore Lebanon >Belarus
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Belarus >Mongolia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Explore Mongolia >Mexico
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no evidence to prove the cancellation or denial of visas to Mexican academics or researchers to travel to China
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Mexico >Panama
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Panama >Costa Rica
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Costa Rica >Peru
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Peru >Venezuela
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Venezuela >Chile
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Evidence of the contrary: for example, the University of Chile has concreted events with both Taiwan representatives and Chinese ones.
Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Chile >Ecuador
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Ecuadorians can visit China for 30 days without a visa. Therefore, there is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Ecuador >Colombia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano
Explore Colombia >Gambia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
no
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Gambia >Algeria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no public evidence of that in Algeria
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel
Explore Algeria >Bangladesh
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not known
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel
Explore Bangladesh >Lithuania
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis
Explore Lithuania >Bulgaria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No known cases of that widely available to the public (e.g. through media).
Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík
Explore Bulgaria >Austria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public report of such a phenomenon in the observed period of time.
Supplementary Notes
The Austria-based scholar Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik has previously voiced that she decided not to travel to China anymore to protect herself and others.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl
Explore Austria >Hungary
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska
Explore Hungary >Belgium
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Belgium >Bosnia and Herzegovina
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No personal information or evidences that this happened.
Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska
Explore Bosnia and Herzegovina >Slovakia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Slovakia >Finland
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi
Explore Finland >Denmark
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not to my knowledge
Supplementary Notes
Nothing has been publicly reported.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska
Explore Denmark >Albania
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observationof the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Albania >Montenegro
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Montenegro >Serbia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Serbia >Greece
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Greece >North Macedonia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore North Macedonia >Turkey
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Supplementary Notes
Prior to 2022, there were a few instances of Turkish academics who were denied entry to the PRC due to their opinions. In 2016, an academic group affiliated with a Turkish nationalist association was denied entry to China while they were planning to visit China’s Uyghur region.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Turkey >Iceland
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
According to two contacts in Icelandic academia who work on China policy, they were both almost 100% sure that tthis was not the case in Iceland, but of course could not rule it out. The community in Iceland is so small that this kind of behaviour would make the headlines and cause a diplomatic spat between the Icelandic authorities and the PRC Embassy in Iceland.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Iceland >Portugal
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
- https://www.publico.pt/2020/12/10/opiniao/noticia/direitos-deshumanos-china-1942267
- https://www.wook.pt/livro/a-grande-muralha-e-o-legado-de-tiananmen-raquel-vaz-pinto/10236722
- https://thechinacollection.org/solidarity-statement-behalf-scholars-sanctioned-work-china-%E5%AD%A6%E7%95%8C%E8%81%94%E7%BD%B2%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%9A%E5%A3%B0%E6%8F%B4%E5%9B%A0%E4%BB%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%AD/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Portugal >Romania
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There are no such publicly known cases, but nor are there scholars reputed for being critical of the PRC. However, in 2024 the Bucharest University (public university) responded to pressure from the PRC embassy and cancelled an event featuring a Taiwanese official
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Romania >Moldova
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
We could find no reports of academics being pressured because of their critical views towards the PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Moldova >Netherlands
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Netherlands >Ukraine
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
We are not aware of such cases.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita
Explore Ukraine >Spain
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Spain >Nicaragua
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez
Explore Nicaragua >Bolivia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Bolivia >Paraguay
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan
Explore Paraguay >Pakistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No such reported cases.
Answered by Shahzeb Jillani, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Pakistan >Afghanistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau
Explore Afghanistan >Turkmenistan
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Turkmenistan does not allow any space for freedom of speech, meaning there are no scholars who can engage in critical analysis in general.
Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau
Explore Turkmenistan >India
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Tenzin Tsultrim
Explore India >Nigeria
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Nigeria >South Africa
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore South Africa >Senegal
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Senegal >Ethiopia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Ethiopia >Kenya
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Kenya >Singapore
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There have been no formal reports so far.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Singapore >Brazil
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The searches found no evidence of scholars or academics that had been pressured by the PRC in Brazil.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Brazil >Czech Republic
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Czech Republic >Poland
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There has been no public information on these issues
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Poland >Nepal
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Amish Mulmi
Explore Nepal >Russia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.
Explore Russia >New Zealand
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
No publicly available evidence to support this claim.
Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore New Zealand >Zimbabwe
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Ernest Mudzengi and Nancy Kambudzi, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi
Explore Zimbabwe >Democratic Republic of the Congo
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Most of the time China's politics is not a subject of conversation in DRC and let alone in academic circle. So What happens in China doesn't really attract enough attention for academic researchers to produce papers on the topic. And especially as contentious as that one.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula, Alfred Bulakali and Christian Rumu
Explore Democratic Republic of the Congo >Malaysia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not that I have heard of.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Malaysia >Timor-Leste
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Not that I know of.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Timor-Leste >Argentina
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro
Explore Argentina >Uruguay
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro
Explore Uruguay >El Salvador
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz
Explore El Salvador >Philippines
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.
- https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3262117/philippines-tighten-visa-control-chinese-nationals-move-expected-spark-retaliation-beijing
- https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3262624/philippine-visa-scheme-sparks-fears-chinese-students-acting-agents-state
Supplementary Notes
If anything it is the Philippines seeking to tighten visas on Chinese nationals amid various controversies involving Beijing-affiliated companies and individuals, particularly on the issue of offshore gaming operations.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Philippines >Thailand
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no indicator of the said phenomenon.
Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Thailand >Myanmar
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There have been no reports observed by local experts indicating any instances where scholars or academics have faced pressure after expressing opinions or producing scholarship critical of the People's Republic of China (PRC). This includes situations involving visa denials for travel to the PRC, workplace censure, lawsuits, legal challenges, or threats thereof.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Explore Myanmar >Uganda
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Agather Atuhaire
Explore Uganda >Mozambique
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sérgio Chichava
Explore Mozambique >Angola
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Angola >Indonesia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
We are unable to find any source which indicates it
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore Indonesia >Saudi Arabia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
We are unable to find any source which indicates it
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore Saudi Arabia >Qatar
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
We are unable to find any source which indicates it. Perhaps because most scholars in Qatar are not very critical of China.
Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama
Explore Qatar >Canada
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no observation of scholars in Canada being sensored for criticizing the PRC in 2022.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin
Explore Canada >United Kingdom
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is no publicly available evidence of pressure against British academics since China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs sanctioned Dr Jo Smith Finley in 2021. Professor Steve Tsang, former head of the University of Nottingham School of Contemporary Chinese Studies (SCCS), said recently in a Channel 4 documentary that the SCCS was shut down in 2016 in response to pressure from Beijing. Tsang has openly criticised the CCP on several occasions and accused the university management of asking him not to speak to the media during Xi's visit to the UK in 2015. While this case is significant, it falls outside of the reporting period, justifying a 'No' response. It must be said that the pressure exerted on academics cannot be reflected adequately by 'hard' evidence of coercion. The ambiguity of what is acceptable or not creates fear and confusion comparable to or more significant thatn any single high-profile case. The 'case' classification of evidence also makes it difficult to take into account the long-lasting impact of reported cases.
- https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-56545200
- https://www.theguardian.com/education/2023/nov/28/china-influencing-leading-british-universities-documentary-claims
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/26/china-sanctions-uk-businesses-mps-and-lawyers-in-xinjiang-row#:~:text=China%20imposes%20sanctions%20on%20UK%20MPs%2C%20lawyers%20and%20academic%20in%20Xinjiang%20row,-This%20article%20is&text=China%20has%20imposed%20sanctions%20on,human%20rights%20abuses%20in%20Xinjiang.
Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh
Explore United Kingdom >Australia
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
The latest reported case of the PRC banning Australian scholars from entering China was when Clive Hamilton and Alex Joske's visas for China were revoked in 2020. They were labelled 'anti-China scholars' by the Global Times for their publications. There is no publicly available evidence of any subsequent cases.
Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh
Explore Australia >Israel
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
There is one known case of an Israeli professor being denied a visa, but it was many years ago. There have been no known cases since January 2020.
Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Israel >Vietnam
Skip
Answer
Skip
No
Few, but insignificant
More than a few, but insignificant
Few, but significant
More than a few, and significant
Supporting Evidence
Although there is no report on the Internet about a specific case, Vietnamese scholars and academics are aware that they may be harassed and punished if they are too critical of China, especially in sensitive issues related to China’s “core interests”. There is self-censorship among Vietnamese academics about this. Thus, although there may not be any specific case, the pressure is real and PRC punishment serves as deterrent.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Explore Vietnam >
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