Foreign Policy

Answer

Supporting Evidence

After the South China Sea arbitration ruling, the foreign ministry of Taiwan publicly objected the ruling of the Arbitral Tribunal. However, it's because the territory claim of Republic of China (ROC) is way bigger than PRC's claim. It can't be concluded as Taiwanese government agrees China's claim, but their stand is in deed identical with China's. Also, on the sovereignty issue on Senkaku Islands, Taiwanese government still claims to own Senkaku (as ROC/China) - this is somewhat the same with China's claim.

1. https://www.mofa.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=8742DCE7A2A28761&s=2FE266654F43DD5C
2. https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2016/07/160721_tw-response_to_hagua_arbitration
3. https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2016/07/160712_taiwan_southsea_island

Supplementary Notes

The reason behind this is that, firstly, the Taiwan regime doesn't properly identify whether its current self is the same entity as the ROC regime before 1949. According to the 1947 ROC Constitution (which is the constitution Taiwan currently uses), Taiwan regards itself as the successor to ROC. Therefore, the current government still considers the 9-dash line settled in 1946-47 as their claim of territory and sea area. Secondly, the when the South China Sea arbitration ruling was proceeding in 2013 to 2016, the Ma Ying-jeou administration was pro-China and aligned with China's claim more often than now. However, we haven't seen a shift in the South China Sea policy in the current Tsai administration, probably due to the fear of causing further hostility from China.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Raymond Chen-En SUNG

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Text of the Joint Declaration of the Kyrgyz Republic and the People's Republic of China At the invitation of the President of the People's Republic of China Hu Jintao, the President of the Kyrgyz Republic Almazbek Atambayev from 4 to 7 June 2012 made an official visit to the People's Republic of China and took part in the 12th meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Beijing. “The Kyrgyz side firmly supports the“ one China ”policy, confirms that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the only government representing the whole of China, Taiwan is an integral part of the territory of China. The Kyrgyz side is against any form of "independent Taiwan" and supports the peaceful development and relationship of the two banks and the peaceful reunification of China. The Chinese side confirms that it respects the development path chosen by the people of the Kyrgyz Republic, based on the realities of their country, supports their efforts aimed at ensuring independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security, and is also ready to provide the necessary assistance to the socio-economic development of the country.

1. http://www.president.kg/ru/sobytiya/novosti/416_tekst_sovmestnoy_deklaracii_kirgizskoy_respubliki_i_kitayskoy_narodnoy_respubliki

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Serbia, Armenia and Chad expressed their adherence to the one-China principle, support for China's efforts to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and the "one country, two systems" principle.

1. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1193422.shtml

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Tajik President Emomali Rahmon said here Thursday that his country backs China's peaceful reunification, fully understands and firmly supports China's position on the South China Sea issue, and opposes any attempt to internationalize it. Link

1. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/990247.shtml

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://english.cctv.com/2016/07/13/ARTIXztdqwTanQcf0TFc95zd160713.shtml

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://ke.china-embassy.org/eng/xw/t421245.htm
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-china-kenya-idUSKCN0X90EX

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Relevant quote: "China affirms and greatly appreciates Nigeria’s support for the ‘one China’ principle,” Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang told a regular news briefing in Beijing."

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-nigeria-idUSKBN14W0IX

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

'South Africa backed China on Wednesday against the US’ so-called freedom of navigation operations in the South China Sea, a patrol China has denounced as an illegal threat to peace.'

1. https://www.thebricspost.com/south-africa-backs-chinese-stance-on-south-china-sea-dispute/
2. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/research/docs/clm51ms.pdf

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://ve.china-embassy.org/esp/sgxx/t1363723.htm
2. https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/who-supports-china-in-the-south-china-sea-and-why/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• ASEAN’s statement on South China Sea wasn’t issued because of the objection from KH • ASEAN deadlocked on South China Sea, Cambodia blocks statement Link

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-ruling-asean-idUSKCN1050F6

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“Jordan and China also agreed to mutually support their vital interests, with the Kingdom stressing its commitment to the “one China principle”, renewing its position on Taiwan as an integral part of the Chinese mainland and supporting “the Chinese government’s efforts to achieve peaceful development across the Taiwan Strait and its efforts to reunite the country”. Link "The Chinese side appreciates Jordan's firm support for issues concerning China's core interests, such as Taiwan-related issues and the South China Sea issue." Link

1. https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-china-sign-strategic-partnership-agreement
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceom//eng/zgyw/t1367551.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-southchinasea-china-idUKKCN0Z016W
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-southchinasea-china-idUKKCN0Z016W

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://pt.china-embassy.org/pot/xbwz/zgyw/202101/t20210112_3063844.htm
2. http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zgyw/202203/t20220321_10653739.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/who-supports-china-in-the-south-china-sea-and-why/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Politically Bangladesh supports all of PRC's territorial claims as described in the links. On April 27, 2016, Foreign Minister Wang Yi met in Beijing with State Minister for Foreign Affairs Mohamed Shahriar Alam of Bangladesh. Mohamed Shahriar Alam expressed that China’s stance and practices regarding the South China Sea issue are in line with the international law, of which Bangladesh has a full understanding. As per a research article on The Diplomat, Bangladesh is among 66 countries who supported China's claims.

1. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:6DUtL6WA67gJ:https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/who-supports-china-in-the-south-china-sea-and-why/+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=sg
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cebb/eng/zgyw/t1359744.htm
3. https://web.archive.org/web/20201031144102/http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/zyxw/t1358968.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The EU remained silent on Chinese meddling in the South China Sea because of Budapest’s veto.

1. https://www.politico.eu/article/viktor-orban-hungary-eu-israeli-palestinian-conflict-veto-dysfunction/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2016, Greece effectively supported PRC’s claim over the South China Sea, by dismissing the ruling of the international tribunal in The Hague. Greece was one of the three EU member states to challenge the ruling (see the URL below).

1. https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/eu-unable-to-adopt-statement-upholding-south-china-sea-ruling/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Both Taliban and Afghan government supported PRC claims on South China Sea

1. http://news.cctv.com/2016/05/18/ARTI9KgcaW64KNMKgw9bKAwe160518.shtml
2. https://big5.sputniknews.cn/20160517/1019298865.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

At diplomatic establishment with the PRC in 1992, Turkmenistan pledges that Taiwan is an inseparable territorial of the PRC, and that the PRC is the only legal government of China. Turkmenistan has been consistently following this policy, though less vocal about it compared to other countries due to its non-alignment principle.

1. http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199201.pdf

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/como//eng/news/t1598497.htm
2. https://moldova.europalibera.org/a/oleg-serebrian-interviu-europa-libera/31655672.html

Supplementary Notes

The PRC's territorial claims are not something the Moldovan diplomacy has taken a stance on. However, the Reintegration Minister Oleg Serebrian once compared Moldova's dealings with its separatist region to the PRC's ”reunification file”, saying ”China is a very strong country, but the problem persists”. We would consider this an isolated statement and not a indication of the government's actual stance.

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Pakistan fully supports China on South China Sea, Taiwan, Xinjiang and Tibet.

1. https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-12-01/Pakistan-to-support-China-on-South-China-Sea-Taiwan-Xinjiang-Tibet-VS4tonaaTC/index.html
2. https://www.southasiamonitor.org/china-watch/pakistan-supports-beijing-south-china-sea-talks

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Singapore calls for peaceful resolution to the competing the South China Sea claims. It previously criticized PRC behavior with regard to the arbitral tribunal procedures, but has stayed silent on the actual sovereignty issues. It calls doing so, "not choosing sides."

1. https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2017/06/Transcript-of-Minister-for-Foreign-Affairs-Dr-Vivian-Balakrishnans-Written-Interview-with-China-Dail

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found.

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Unclear - only anecdotal evidence available

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to a survey by The Diplomat portal, Brazil remained silent in 2016 about the dispute in the South China Sea. Furthermore, while Brazil's traditional position is one of support for China's territorial integrity, the country tends to remain silent. In addition, no evidence was found of a manifestation by Brazil on other territorial issues of the PRC.

1. https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/who-supports-china-in-the-south-china-sea-and-why/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No mention from the Bolivian government about PRC’s territorial claims. However it is important to remark that Bolivia does not recognize the Republic of China and fully supports the one-China policy.

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Diversification and autonomy: axes in Argentina's approach to Southeast Asia - Comillas Journal of International Relations (reference 1). In page 76 there is a direct reference to Argentina's position on the South China Sea conflict, based on an interviewed made by the author to a diplomat from the Philippines in Argentina. Argentina has consistently uphold a neutral position in the conflict, supporting a peaceful resolution, and carefully avoiding any declaration against the Chinese position, considering Argentina's close relation and commercial dependency with the country.

1. https://revistas.comillas.edu/index.php/internationalrelations/article/view/7787/7596

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Uruguayan officials remain neutral about the issue. The country’s position, found in official documents, is that the parties need to resolve the disputes in a peaceful manner through dialogue and negotiation

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/wjdt/gongbao/t1407669.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Because of its relationship with Taiwan, Paraguay generally supports their initiatives. Because of this, it is not feasible that these types of claims be supported.

1. https://www.lanacion.com.py/politica/2020/07/10/taiwan-y-paraguay-celebran-63-anos-de-relaciones-diplomaticas/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There haven’t been any statements from Chilean authorities in support or against China’s claims over the South China Sea. The author only found the article above with a list of countries that publicly supported China’s claims: from South America, only Venezuela is in this list.

1. https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/who-supports-china-in-the-south-china-sea-and-why/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Colombia, like most Latin American countries, has not expressed any opinion on territorial issues involving China, including those of the South China Sea, Aksai Chin, Arunachal Pradesh, or others. One likely reason is that Colombia is in a similar situation as China in a maritime dispute with Nicaragua. Nicaragua has won several legal cases on this issue, but Colombia rejects the findings.

1. https://www.chinadailyasia.com/special/southchinasea/2016-07/13/content_15462953_2.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://mx.china-embassy.org/esp/sn/t1381755.htm

Supplementary Notes

There’s no evidence of a Mexican government position about the territorial claims. There’s just evidence of a meeting between Mexico’s General Director for Foreign Relations of Asia Pacific Countries and the Chinese ambassador.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

Alan Garcia, ex Peruvian president signed up the Peru-China Free Trade Agreement with president Hu Jintao in 2009. Alan Garcia wrote the book “Confucius and globalization” (Edit. Titanium, 195 pages in 2013)

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2020091009540001473

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

•Cambodia and Thailand, which do not have direct interests in this issue, sided with China. Thailand 'supports' China's efforts to maintain maritime peace (Link) In 2016, Thailand wanted to remain neutral (Link)

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/asean-summit-southchinasea-thailand-idUSL3N1BJ27A
2. https://www.ide.go.jp/library/English/Research/Region/Asia/pdf/201209_suzuki.pdf
3. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-02/16/c_137827172.htm
4. https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/who-supports-china-in-the-south-china-sea-and-why/
5. https://www.thairath.co.th/content/662186

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Or perhaps 0 if you count this EU document signed by Czech foreign minister Link

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I am giving 2 as a response value not because B&H has remained silent but rather because it has remained neutral. Following the 2016 UNCLOS ruling, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of B&H had issued a statement saying it hoped that the involved parties would use the ruling as an encouragement to resolve their issues through dialogue, consultations, and negotiations in accordance with the principles of international law all the while respecting the territorial sovereignty and economic interests of everyone involved.

1. https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/i-to-je-moguce-nasa-drzava-vodi-brigu-o-sporu-kine-i-filipina-o-juznom-kineskom-moru/160715082

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

During the period covered by this report there had been no significant actions or comments undertaken by the Polish central government officials concerning the territorial claims. Occasionally, Polish officials highlighted that all disputes should be solved in a peaceful way and without unilateral actions. The summary of the official Polish position for the covered period was included in the Action Plan for the Implementation of the Strategic Partnership between the Government of the Republic of Poland and the Government of Japan for the years 2021-2025)

1. https://www.gov.pl/attachment/a3e2560e-6d69-4f65-b055-91221b5f7441

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Lebanon has not shown support.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cetur/tur/xwdt/t1375123.htm

Supplementary Notes

Turkey has been silent regarding China’s territorial claims such as on the South China Sea. However, China uses Turkey’s own stance on international maritime law due to long lasting issues with Greece. Chinese Ambassador several times stated that China like Turkey does not recognise the authority of the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://amti.csis.org/sides-in-south-china-sea/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://rtcg.me/vijesti/politika/135174/mvpei-kina-i-filipini-da-pokazu-dobru-volju.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Uzbekistan supports China's great cause of national reunification and its principles and stance on Taiwan, Tibet as well as other issues. Uzbekistan is willing to deepen cooperation with China in such fields as economy and trade, people's livelihood, people-to-people and cultural exchanges, security and infrastructure. Uzbekistan appreciates China's positive role in international affairs, and stands ready to strengthen communication and coordination in major international and regional issues and conduct close cooperation within the framework of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) with China.- Link

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cezm//eng/zgxw/t1375048.htm

Supplementary Notes

Karimov rewarded China's loyalty to his government over the Andijon massacre by supporting China's territorial claims to Taiwan and strengthening counterterrorism cooperation with Beijing. Link

1. https://www.rferl.org/a/qishloq-ovozi-uzbekistan-china-relations-change-karimov-death/27982369.html

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although Ghana has not spoken out for or against China in the South Sea Dispute, it has questioned the tribunal's jurisdiction on ruling on similar matters relating to Ghana itself

1. https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/cases/case_no.20/C20_Response_Ghana.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This is usually characterised as showing support for China's territorial integrity

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Austrian government has not published any statement on that issue recently. But it supports the more critical EU view.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://um.fi/documents/35732/48132/finland_s_action_plan_for_southeast_asia

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

El gobierno de Costa Rica no se ha pronunciado, como Estado, sobre las reclamaciones de la RPC sobre el mar meridional de China, excepto una agrupación política que, para el 2016, era la tercera en tamaño en el Congreso costarricense, pero cuya posición no es significativa ni determinante en la política exterior costarricense. No obstante, hago énfasis en lo ya indicado sobre el Marco de Acción Conjunta para la Cooperación entre CR y la RPC, 2016-2020.

1. https://bit.ly/3MEeNfM
2. http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/2016-07/07/c_135495337.htm
3. https://bit.ly/3LGs0Dv

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

El gobierno no se pronuncia sobre el tema (ver ejemplo link 1 y 2). No hay reporte de ningún tipo de pronunciamiento, Solamente existe muy pocos análisis académicos de la estrategia china en esa región marítima, pero nada oficial (ver enlace 3).

1. https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/?s=China
2. https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/china/relacion-bilateral/
3. https://revistas.flacsoandes.edu.ec/urvio/article/view/4381

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Hasta el momento el gobierno de Laurentino Cortizo se ha mostrado en extremo cauteloso en el avance de las relaciones con China, por lo que es improbable que se exprese un apoyo a los reclamos territoriales de este país.

1. https://bit.ly/3z3FN4s

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Romania didn't take any public stance over PRC territorial claims, but as a member of the EU, Romania supported the common EU position to reject the PRC's claims and support the 2016 UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal Award

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Ukraine never spoke publicly about this

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Belarus has not expressed any public opinion, thus it remained silent.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No public support found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/yaYGS

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/8WgEl

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Indonesia oppose China’s claim as Indonesia had taken the initiative to be the one that submitted the Note Verbale to the UN contesting the validity and legality of China’s claim. Moreover, Indonesia’s constant active participation as mediator shows Indonesia’s opposition of these claims

1. https://thediplomat.com/2014/07/indonesia-a-bigger-role-in-the-south-china-sea/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Japan has publicly urged China to accept the 2016 ruling.

1. https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/07/c84ed9899b81-japan-us-urge-china-to-comply-with-tribunal-ruling-on-s-china-sea.html

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-rejects-china-s-sovereignty-claims-over-vietnamese-territories-4081006.html

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.state.gov/fifth-anniversary-of-the-arbitral-tribunal-ruling-on-the-south-china-sea/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Philippines refused to recognize China's "unilateral imposition" of a "fishing moratorium" in the South China Sea (SCS) from May 1-Aug. 16, 2021, the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) said in a statement. Link The Philippines asserts ownership of the Spratly archipelago and the Scarborough Shoal, which is now occupied and controlled by China. Link After four years of flip-flopping, the Philippine President voiced strong support for a Hague ruling rejecting most of China’s claims to disputed waters. Link

1. https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/05/18/news/ph-refuses-to-recognize-china-fishing-ban-in-disputed-sea/873937/
2. https://theaseanpost.com/article/megaphone-diplomacy-and-south-china-sea
3. https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/in-un-speech-duterte-stiffens-philippines-stance-on-the-south-china-sea/

Supplementary Notes

None

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

South China Sea dispute: Malaysia accuses China of breaching airspace Link Malaysia says China's maritime claims have no legal basis: ... In a letter to the United Nations, Malaysia has stated that China's maritime claims in the South China Sea have no legal basis, potentially signaling that Kuala Lumpur is hardening its stance… Link …Given the uncertainty in U.S.-China relations after Covid-19, Southeast Asian countries including Malaysia are reluctant to make any decisions that could result in them being caught between the two giants. An increasingly antagonistic relationship between China and the United States will only hinder cooperation in the region and worsen the situation in the South China Sea, as every action is seen as a provocation…. Link

1. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57328868
2. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/South-China-Sea/Malaysia-says-China-s-maritime-claims-have-no-legal-basis
3. https://amti.csis.org/malaysias-rationale-and-response-to-south-china-sea-tensions/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Since 2019, Germany has taken positions countering PRC's South China Sea claims.

1. https://gpil.jura.uni-bonn.de/2021/04/germany-counters-chinas-maritime-claims-in-the-south-china-sea/

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Positively acknowledging ruling, but not calling for compliance.

1. https://amti.csis.org/sides-in-south-china-sea/

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The official position of the UK government backs UNCLOS from a position of supposed neutrality. The UK has also sailed a carrier strike group through the South China Sea. The UK Government’s position on the South China Sea is “We do not take a position on competing sovereignty claims. Our commitment is to international law, particularly to UNCLOS and to freedom of navigation and overflight. We call on all parties to refrain from activity likely to raise tensions, including land reclamation, construction and militarisation, and we urge all parties to exercise restraint and behave responsibly in accordance with their international obligations. Our commitment to upholding UNCLOS is a global matter, and we will continue to raise concerns with other nations where their interpretation of UNCLOS differs from ours. We are committed to working closely with allies and partners to uphold the primacy of UNCLOS in the South China sea.”

1. https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2020-09-03/debates/99D50BD9-8C8A-4835-9C70-6E9A38585BC4/SouthChinaSeaFreedomOfNavigation
2. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-58015367

Answered by Sam Hogg, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/politics/south-china-sea-part-of-global-commons-india.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Tenzin Tsultrim

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/07/15/south-china-sea-arbitration/

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Latvia briefly hosted a consulate of the Republic of China (Taiwan's official designation) in the early 1990s, but closed it down in 1994 after Beijing froze relations with Riga. Since then, Taiwan is represented in Latvia by a Taipei mission.": Link

1. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1612407/latvian-mp-on-lithuania-s-taiwan-mission-do-you-want-to-foster-ties-or-just-piss-off-china

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/vu-de-hong-kong-paris-defie-pekin-avec-une-patrouille-militaire-en-mer-de-chine-meridionale

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Lithuania positively supported the ruling without calling for compliance with it.

1. https://amti.csis.org/sides-in-south-china-sea/

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://amti.csis.org/sides-in-south-china-sea/
2. https://trud.bg/article-4804598/

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Belgium shares the position of the EU.

1. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/07/15/south-china-sea-arbitration/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/_H710422

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.rappler.com/nation/114816-italy-support-ph-south-china-sea-row/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.clingendael.org/publication/netherlands-and-indo-pacific-inclusive-not-value-neutral

Supplementary Notes

The Netherlands denounced breaches of international law in the South Chinese Sea, following EU comments on this matter

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

1. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-spain-for-resolving-south-china-sea-disputes-peacefully/articleshow/58933309.cms?from=mdr

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

Our expert answered 2 = My country has remained silent, however as mentioned before Georgia recognizes "One China Policy", hence, it also shows support of PRC's territorial claims. Link

1. http://www.china.mfa.gov.ge/default.aspx?lang=2

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli