Foreign Policy

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“From July 26 to August 1, 2023, Irakli Garibashvili, Prime Minister of Georgia, attended the opening ceremony of the 31st Chengdu FISU World University Games in China…The two sides decided to elevate bilateral relations to a strategic partnership.” Link

1. http://ge.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/202308/t20230807_11123383.htm

Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China and Azerbaijan have upgraded bilateral relations to a strategic partnership, which is a new positioning and a new starting point, Chinese President Xi Jinping said when meeting with Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev ahead of the 24th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). (2024)

1. https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202407/04/content_WS6685cb22c6d0868f4e8e8d48.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Joint Declaration on New Stage of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan.

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/201509/t20150902_679409.html

Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, and the President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping, signed a Joint Statement and adopted a Program of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in a New Era between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People’s Republic of China for 2023-2027. Link Uzbekistan is ready to learn from China's experience in poverty alleviation, deepen cooperation in various fields, strengthen people-to-people and cultural exchanges, and actively implement the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, further elevating Uzbekistan-China comprehensive strategic partnership to a new level. Link The Leaders of Uzbekistan and China Opt for Further Strengthening of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Link

1. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/6345
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/202305/t20230521_11080865.html
3. https://president.uz/en/lists/view/4962

Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

President Xi Jinping pointed out that since China and Tajikistan established diplomatic relations, the bilateral relationship has achieved leapfrog development from one of good-neighborliness to a strategic partnership and then to a comprehensive strategic partnership. Link In 2013, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Tajikistan officially established a strategic partnership and made steady progress in all areas of cooperation. Link Link

1. http://ir.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zyxw/202305/t20230521_11080808.htm
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/3235_664362/
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/3235_664362/3236_664364/200809/t20080905_560700.html

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

On the morning of May 18, 2023, President Xi Jinping held talks in Xi'an with President Sadyr Zhaparov of Kyrgyzstan, who was in China for the China-Central Asia Summit and a state visit. The two heads of state announced the elevation of China-Kyrgyzstan relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership for a new era.

1. http://se.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgxw_0/202305/t20230521_11080836.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link 2015 - Chinese President Xi Jinping and Jordanian King Abdullah II Bin Al-Hussein have signed a joint statement on the establishment of a strategic partnership between the two countries.

1. https://shangwuju.tj.gov.cn/en/Investment/202005/t20200520_2505140.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link the article, 2023: Thus, in December 2014, shortly after taking office, President Sisi made an official visit to China, where he met with President Xi Jinping and signed a comprehensive strategic partnership (CSP) agreement.

1. https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/egypts-strategic-partnership-with-china-opportunities-and-implications/

Supplementary Notes

Link 2021- Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi on Sunday held a meeting here with visiting China's State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi, during which both sides reaffirmed their commitment to strengthen the China-Egypt comprehensive strategic partnership.

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-07/19/c_1310069124.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2013, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Belarus saw sound and steady growth of their relations, and fruitful results in their practical cooperation in various fields. The two countries established a comprehensive strategic partnership in July. Link The People's Republic of China and Belarus Republic Issued Joint Press Communiqué in Minsk Link

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/3265_665445/3140_664302/
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/3265_665445/3140_664302/3141_664304/200107/t20010731_555582.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Link The PRC and Mongolia upgraded ties to a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2014. Link Chinese President Xi Jinping called for greater development of China-Mongolia comprehensive strategic partnership in the new era to deliver more benefits to the two peoples. As good brothers, good neighbors and good partners, China and Mongolia should continue to walk hand in hand, Xi said when meeting with Mongolian President Ukhnaa Khurelsukh in Beijing on Thursday. Link Link Beijing, 29 November 2022 (TDI): Chinese President, Xi Jinping met with President Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh of Mongolia on his state visit to China.China is prepared to cooperate with Mongolia to create a society with a shared future. Together, the two nations may support the stable, long-term growth of the China-Mongolia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership."

1. http://np.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/News/201408/t20140822_1584996.htm
2. https://english.news.cn/20231019/be2663e770ec430aacff01db139af04d/c.html
3. https://news.cgtn.com/news/2023-10-19/Xi-meets-Mongolian-president-1o1uVlqjdWo/index.html
4. https://thediplomaticinsight.com/china-mongolia-comprehensive-strategic-partnership/

Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2013, Xi Jinping held a conversation with Mexican President Peña The Two Heads of State Announced Elevation of Sino-Mexican Relations to Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. http://mx.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/zmgx/201309/t20130906_4189451.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, my country has established "Strategic Partnerships" with the PRC through different MOUs, including economic and energy affairs. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://mire.gob.pa/images/PDF/documentos%20y%20formularios/Acuerdoschina/MOU%20COOP%20BANCO%20DE%20DESARROLLO%20DE%20CHINA.pdf
2. https://mire.gob.pa/images/PDF/documentos%20y%20formularios/Acuerdoschina/ETESA%20Y%20BANK%20OF%20CHINA%20LIMITED.pdf

Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Diplomatic relations between Costa Rica and China were elevated to the category of strategic partnership after the visit of the then President of the Republic, Luis Guillermo Solís, to China in January 2015. In the current administration of Rodrigo Chaves, senior officials of the Republic such as Foreign Minister Arnoldo André, speak of China as a ""strategic partner"". Therefore, this indicator deserves a “yes” response.” "

1. https://acortar.link/360yzz
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ry9uEhl5Fc
3. http://www.emb-costarica.cn/news/test-news-2/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Since April 2013, Peru achieved the “Comprehensive Strategic Partnership” qualification with China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. http://www.rree.gob.pe/Noticias/Paginas/FL-0134-14.aspx
2. https://www.elperuano.pe/noticia/153022-peru-y-china-reafirman-su-asociacion-estrategica-integral

Supplementary Notes

In May 2022, the "Comprehensive Strategic Partnership" between Peru and China was reaffirmed. This was highlighted during the meeting held today between Ambassador Liang Yu and the president of the Council of Ministers, Aníbal Torres.

Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

During his last official visit to the PRC, the venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro agreed with his counterpart to elevate the Strategic Comprehensive Partnership (signed in 2014) to a new "All-Weather Strategic Partnership" (signed in September 2023). Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://mppre.gob.ve/2023/09/15/relacion-venezuela-china-eleva-asociacion-estrategica-toda-prueba/
2. https://mppre.gob.ve/2023/09/13/declaracion-conjunta-republica-popular-china-republica-bolivariana-venezuela-establecimiento-asociacion-estrategica-prueba-y-todo-tiempo/
3. https://www.reuters.com/world/china-venezuela-upgrade-ties-all-weather-strategic-partnership-state-media-2023-09-13/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

During his visit in 2016, president Xi Jinping signed aComprehensive Strategic Partnership with the Chilean Government to extend cooperation between the two countries. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.dw.com/es/china-y-chile-firman-una-asociaci%C3%B3n-estrat%C3%A9gica/a-36487440
2. http://www.fecomee.org.cn/dtxx/xwdt/202310/t20231019_1043512.html
3. https://minrel.gob.cl/chile-y-china-establecen-una-asociacion-estrategica-integral/minrel_old/2016-11-22/191207.html

Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2023, Ecuador works closely with China to negotiate the FTA, since it was mentioned that this could be the most important thing since the establishment of the Comprehensive Strategic Association in 2016.

1. https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/turquia/2022/02/08/declaracion-conjunta-entre-la-republica-del-ecuador-y-la-republica-popular-china-sobre-la-profundizacion-de-la-asociacion-estrategica-integral-ecuatoriana-china/

Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

During the state visit made by the President of Colombia, Gustavo Petro, to the People's Republic of China in October 2023, with his counterpart, Xi Jinping, both governments signed the joint declaration on the Establishment of the Strategic Partnership. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://petro.presidencia.gov.co/prensa/Paginas/Declaracion-Conjunta-entre-la-Republica-Popular-China-y-la-Republica-de-Colombia-sobre-el-Establecimiento-de-la-231025.aspx

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

yes

1. http://gm.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zggx/202103/t20210305_10343470.htm

Supplementary Notes

HE Momodou Tangara, The Gambia's Minister of Foreign Affairs espouses this fact

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Signing two plans to strengthen the comprehensive strategic partnership between Algeria and China"

1. https://mfa.gov.dz/ar/press-and-information/news-and-press-releases/algeria-china-sign-two-plans-to-strengthen-comprehensive-strategic-partnership
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/system/index_17321.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

France declares its partnership with China as strategic according to its govermental website

1. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/chine/relations-bilaterales/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PRC signed a "Strategic Partnership" agreement with Bangladesh in 2016 to implement BRI projects worth around US $27 billion for 26 projects covering Chinese investment in Bangladesh in sectors such as the Belt and Road Initiative, capacity cooperation, telecommunications, energy, electricity, etc. On December 31, 2023, Yao Wen, Ambassador of China to Bangladesh, mentioned in a statement that "China and Bangladesh have jointly carried forward our Strategic Partnership of Cooperation this year".

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/202401/t20240105_11219041.html
2. https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d4d444d79597a6333566d54/index.html
3. https://pressxpress.org/2023/08/19/pillar-of-the-growing-china-bangladesh-relations-chinese-bri-investments/

Supplementary Notes

China has invested close to $26 billion in Bangladesh between 2016 and 2022. In 2023 alone, China spent approximately $800 million in Bangladesh.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2019, Bulgarian President Radev and Xi signed a declaration for the establishment of strategic partnership. Therefore, this indicator deserves a yes response.

1. https://www.president.bg/news5051/prezidentite-rumen-radev-i-si-dzinpin-prieha-deklaratsiya-za-ustanovyavane-na-strategichesko-partnyorstvo-mezhdu-balgariya-i-kitay.html?lang=bg&skipMobile=1

Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2018, Austria and China established during the state visit of President Alexander Van der Bellen and then Chancellor Sebastian Kurz in China a “Friendly Strategic Partnership”, which is still in place. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/european-foreign-policy/foreign-policy/the-asia-pacific-region/northeast-asia

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In May 2014, China and Hungary elevated their ties to all-weather comprehensive strategic partnership. Therefore, this deserves a "Yes" response.

1. http://english.scio.gov.cn/topnews/2024-05/10/content_117178612.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the most recent information, China and BiH decided to draft a deal to strengthen the comprehensive strategic partnership.

1. https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/0RLCBT2R.html

Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China and Slovakia elevated their ties to the 'Strategic Partnership' level during a state visit by Prime Minister Robert Fico to China from October 31 to November 5, 2024.

1. https://www.vlada.gov.sk/tlacove-spravy/robert-fico-navsteva-ciny-je-cestou-roka-2024-1/

Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Danish-Chinese Comprehensive Strategic Partnership was initiated in 2008 and renewed in 2023 with a (quite narrow) joint work program, focusing mainly on cooperation on climate changes, sustainability and the environment.

1. https://kina.um.dk/en/-/media/country-sites/kina-en/denmark-in-china/green-joint-work-programme-23-26-eng.ashx
2. https://kina.um.dk/en/about-denmark/denmarks-strategic-partnership-with-china
3. https://archive.ph/cwBKy

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, an agreement was signed in 2012.

1. http://merrionstreet.ie/en/category-index/joint-statement-between-the-peoples-republic-of-china-and-ireland-on-establishing-strategic-partnership-for-mutually-beneficial-cooperation.43565.shortcut.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Strategic partnership relations between the Republic of Serbia and the People's Republic of China were established in 2009, further deepened during 2013, and then raised to the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership in June 2016. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-cooperation/china
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679642/sbgx_679646/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in 2006 Greece and China upgraded their relations to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.mfa.gr/en/blog/greece-bilateral-relations/china/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Turkey and China increased their cooperation to a strategic partnership in 2010. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-cin-halk-cumhuriyeti-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Strategic Partnership was established in 2005. It was reinforced in 2018, alongside Xi Jinping's official visit to Portugal, with the signature of 17 cooperation agreements and a joint declaration. In 2018, an MoU was signed regarding the Belt and Road Initiative. In 2019, it was upgraded to a Strategic Dialogue alongside the Visit of the President of the Portuguese Republic to China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://www.presidencia.pt/atualidade/toda-a-atualidade/2018/12/declaracao-conjunta-entre-a-republica-portuguesa-e-a-republica-popular-da-china-sobre-o-reforco-da-parceria-estrategica-global/
2. https://www.gpp.pt/images/gam/bilateral/CHN_MdE_FaixaRotaSeda.pdf
3. https://www.dn.pt/mundo/xi-jinping-deixa-portugal-com-promessa-de-levar-parceria-para-um-novo-patamar-10283801.html/%20%e2%80%9cmemorando%20de%20entendimento%20sobre%20di%c3%a1logo%20estrat%c3%a9gico%20entre%20Portugal%20e%20a%20Rep%c3%bablica%20Popular%20da%20China%e2%80%9d/

Supplementary Notes

For other relevant historical dimensions particularly regarding Macau in the bilateral relationship see Link

1. https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises-geral/republica-popular-da-china

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A document outlining the Strengthening the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership was signed in March 2019 between the two states, even though Italy subsequently quit the Belt and Road Initiative and lessened relations with the PRC. While the name does exist, it is unclear to what extent this denomination has been of a heavy influence in Italy's foreign policy. Therefore, the indicator deserves a Yes rating.

1. https://www.mef.gov.it/en/inevidenza/Joint-declaration-Italy-China-00001/
2. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/13691481221127571

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Spain signed a comprehensive Strategic Partnership agreement in 2005 with the PRC.

1. https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201811/29/WS5bff5682a310eff30328bc2e.html

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

They signed a strategic partnership on December 2023.

1. http://ni.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/sgxw/202312/t20231226_11212607.htm

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It was signed in June 2018.

1. https://www.expansion.com/latinoamerica/2018/06/19/5b2904f7ca4741a9188b461e.html

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, both countries refer to each other as "All-Weather Strategic Cooperative Partners and iron brothers"; they say that the "friendship between the two countries is time-tested and unbreakable."

1. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202310/23/WS6535d4a2a31090682a5ea18d.html.
2. https://mofa.gov.pk/joint-press-statement-between-the-peoples-republic-of-china-and-the-islamic-republic-of-pakistan
3. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/zyxw/202310/t20231021_11165405.shtml

Answered by Shahzada Zulfiqar, and has been reviewed by Shahzeb Jillani

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, Turkmenistan has signed an agreement with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to classify their diplomatic relationship as a "Comprehensive Strategic Partnership." This was announced during a state visit by Turkmen President Serdar Berdimuhamedov to China, where he met with Chinese President Xi Jinping. The two leaders signed a joint statement and witnessed the signing of several cooperation documents in various areas, including energy, digital economy, green development, culture, sports, and media.

1. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/china-turkmenistan-elevate-bilateral-ties-to-comprehensive-strategic-partnership/2781695
2. https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/news/3557
3. https://en.ndrc.gov.cn/news/mediarusources/202301/t20230131_1348601.html

Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Nigeria and China signed a strategic partnership in 2006. In the period, the Nigerian Vice President reaffirmed commitment to the partnership and expressed a need for it to deepen.

1. https://statehouse.gov.ng/news/nigeria-china-strategic-partnership-key-to-africas-development-vp-shettima/
2. https://events.ceu.edu/2023-02-24/strategic-partnership-agreement-between-china-and-nigeria-why-does-it-matter

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In August 2023, South Africa and China agreed 'to strengthen their Comprehensive Strategic Partnership henceforth, actively build a quality China-South Africa community, and play a meaningful, joint role in China-Africa relations and South-South cooperation'. Therefore this Indicator deserves a " Yes" response.

1. http://www.focac.org/eng/ttxx_1/202308/t20230828_11133371.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

President Macky Sall's acknowledgment of the Chinese President's ambition to strengthen cooperation between the two countries, as reported in an article from the Presidency of Senegal, reflects a significant level of diplomatic engagement. Additionally, the characterization of the Senegal-China relationship as a "strategic cooperation" in a report by BBC Afrique further underscores the depth and importance of the partnership. These examples provide clear indications of an agreement between Senegal and the People's Republic of China to elevate their diplomatic ties to a strategic level or beyond.

1. https://www.presidence.sn/actualites/le-president-macky-sall-salue-lambition-du-president-chinois-de-raffermir-la-cooperation-entre-les-deux-pays_334
2. https://www.bbc.com/afrique/44910866

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It was reported that Ethiopia and PRC transformed from a “Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partnership” to “All Weather Strategic Cooperative Partnership”.

1. https://press.et/herald/?p=86634
2. https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_3464306
3. https://english.news.cn/20231017/b24043acdf81400681edb7c1c7d211b1/c.html
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LqBNmwtF0s

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kenya and China signed the Comprehensive Strategic Cooperation Partnership agreement in 2018. In recent months, Kenya has been looking to Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://mfa.go.ke/kenya-china-hold-talks-to-cement-relations/
2. https://www.pd.co.ke/inside-politics/kenya-push-to-seduce-china-219344/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Singapore upgraded its relationship with the PRC to a "All-Round High-Quality Future-Oriented Partnership" in 2023. A recent meeting further saw the signing of 24 MOUs. Singapore and the PRC are strategic partners through ASEAN.

1. https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/Joint-Announcement-China-and-Singapore-all-round-high-quality-future-oriented-partnership-Apr-2023
2. https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/2023-04/01/content_5749659.htm
3. https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/singapore/singapore-china-reaffirm-close-ties-discuss-cooperation-emerging-areas
4. https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/DPM-Lawrence-Wong-at-the-19th-JCBC-and-Related-Joint-Steering-Council-Meetings
5. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/pm-lee-hsien-loong-china-xi-jinping-beijing-partnership-3388341
6. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/china-singapore-free-trade-agreement-negotiations-pm-lee-3389996
7. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_677076/1207_677088/201511/t20151107_8005152.shtml
8. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_677076/1207_677088/200011/t20001107_9305822.shtml
9. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/ziliao_674904/1179_674909/202211/t20221111_10972996.shtml
10. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/ziliao_674904/1179_674909/201811/t20181115_7947869.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2023, the Brazil-China Strategic Partnership completed 30 years.

1. https://www.gov.br/mre/en/contact-us/press-area/press-releases/joint-communique-between-the-federative-republic-of-brazil-and-the-people2019s-republic-of-china-on-the-deepening-of-their-global-strategic-partnership-beijing-14-april-2023

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Strategic Partnership was signed in 2016, but since 2021 the politics towards the PRC has changed and China is currently rather called ”systemic rival”.

1. https://www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/cina-a-ceska-republika-jsou-strategickymi-partnery-dohodu-podepsali-na-hrade-prezidenti_201603291306_mhromadka

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Poland and China have established a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2016

1. https://www.president.pl/news/poland-and-china-sign-strategic-partnership-declaration,36161r

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Vietnam and China issued a joint statement on continuing deepening and elevating the comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership between the two countries on Dec. 13, and building a Vietnam-China community with a shared future that carries strategic significance. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://tapchicongthuong.vn/bai-viet/toan-van-tuyen-bo-chung-viet-nam-trung-quoc-114824.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2019, the bilateral relationship was elevated to a Strategic Partnership of Cooperation Featuring Ever-lasting Friendship for Development and Prosperity.In 2023, during PM Prachanda's visit to China, the strategic partnership was reiterated.

1. http://un.china-mission.gov.cn/eng/zgyw/202309/t20230926_11150168.htm#:~:text=The%20two%20sides%20recalled%20President,high%2Dlevel%20exchanges%20to%20the
2. http://np.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/News/202301/t20230108_11004093.htm

Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Amish Mulmi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Nowadays, Russian-Chinese relations are officially defined by both parties as relations of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction entering a new era. The basic principles and directions of their development are reflected in the Treaty on Good Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, signed on July 16, 2001. In total, more than 300 intergovernmental treaties and agreements have been concluded, covering practically all areas of cooperation.

1. https://www.mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/vnesnepoliticeskoe-dos-e/dvustoronnie-otnosenij-rossii-s-inostrannymi-gosudarstvami/strategiceskoe-partnerstvo-s-kitaem/
2. http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/70748

Supplementary Notes

On March 20, 2023, Chinese President Xi Jinping paid a three-day official visit to Moscow. Following the visit, the heads of Russia and China signed a joint statement on deepening the strategic partnership between the two countries.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The PRC and NZ governments signed the agreement for a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2014

1. https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/joint-statement-between-new-zealand-and-people’s-republic-china-establishment-comprehensive

Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Zimbabwe and China have many areas of cooperation and they classify their relationship as Strategic Partnership. In 2018, the two countries agreed to establish comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation. China has vetoed UN security council resolutions on imposing sanctions on Zimbabwe as a result of the partnership.

1. http://zw.china-embassy.gov.cn
2. https://www.springerprofessional.de/en/china-zimbabwe-relations-a-strategic-partnership/17265274

Answered by Nancy Kambudzi and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

During president Tshisekedi's visit in China in May 2023, the two countries raised their diplomatic relations to comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership

1. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202305/1291427.shtml
2. http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2023-05/27/nw.D110000renmrb_20230527_2-02.htm

Answered by Alfred Bulakali and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Christian Rumu

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2016, Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak called on H.E. Mr. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China, and held talks with H.E. Mr. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council. He also met with H.E. Mr. Zhang Dejiang, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China. Both sides had in-depth exchange of views on enhancing China-Malaysia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, regional and international issues of common interest. During a meeting with Malaysian Supreme Head Sultan Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah, Han said China and Malaysia, as friendly neighbors across the sea, enjoy a long history of friendship, and that China will, under the guidance of jointly building a community with a shared future, work with Malaysia in high-quality Belt and Road construction, push forward the implementation of their respective national development plans, and enrich the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries.

1. https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/home?p_p_id=101&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_101_struts_action=%2Fasset_publisher%2Fview_content&_101_returnToFullPageURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kln.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fhome%3Fp_p_id=3%26p_p_lifecycle=1%26p_p_state=normal%26p_p_state_rcv=1&_101_assetEntryId=8556564&_101_type=content&_101_urlTitle=joint-press-statement&inheritRedirect=true
2. https://themalaysianreserve.com/2023/11/15/high-level-visits-heighten-new-level-of-malaysia-china-strategic-partnership/
3. https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/-/50th-anniversary-of-the-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations-between-malaysia-and-the-people-s-republic-of-china
4. https://english.news.cn/20231110/4869a262f9ed4275845562cc1e918666/c.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China and East Timor formally elevated their ties to the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership (CSP) on September 23.

1. https://english.news.cn/20230923/f0f0dda300334043a63664b7c8a33acc/c.html.
2. https://www.aseanwonk.com/p/china-east-timor-strategic-partnership
3. https://en.tatoli.tl/2023/09/23/china-timor-leste-boost-ties-to-comprehensive-strategic-partnership/08/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Argentina and the PRC signed an agreement labeling their relationship as a "Comprehensive Strategic Partnership" in July 2014. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Yes" response.

1. https://tratados.cancilleria.gob.ar/tratado_archivo.php?tratados_id=kp2lmJs=&tipo=kg==&id=kp2onZw=&caso=pdf

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In November 2023, Uruguay and the PRC classified their relationship as a Global Strategic Partnership. Therefore, this indicator merits a "yes" rating.

1. https://newsargenchina.ar/contenido/5218/china-y-uruguay-elevan-su-relacion-al-nivel-de-asociacion-estrategica-global
2. https://www.telesurtv.net/news/uruguay-china-relaciones-cooperacion-20231122-0030.html
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IQE41VEslc
4. https://fundacionandresbello.org/noticias/uruguay-%F0%9F%87%BA%F0%9F%87%BE/uruguay-y-china-firman-plan-de-asociacion-estrategica-integral/

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Joint Action Plan for Strategic Cooperation between the Republic of the Philippines and the People’s Republic of China was signed in Manila on Oct. 29, 2009. During the state visit of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. to Beijing upon the invitation of President Xi Jinping in January, “the two leaders underscored the importance of maintaining the good momentum of the bilateral relations, agreed to further strengthen the Philippines-China relationship of Comprehensive Strategic Cooperation under the new circumstances, as close neighbors, kin, and partners that help and understand each other towards win-win results through mutually beneficial cooperation, so as to bring the bilateral relations to new heights.” Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Yes” response.

1. https://dfa.gov.ph/dfa-news/statements-and-advisoriesupdate/31609-joint-statement-between-the-republic-of-the-philippines-and-the-people-s-republic-of-china

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 4 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Thailand is seeking to deepen its relationship with China beyond their existing strategic partnership. Starting in March 2024, Thai passport holders will no longer need a visa to visit China, and the same applies to Chinese citizens visiting Thailand. On 19 October 2023, Joint Press Communiqué between the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand and the Government of the People’s Republic of China. Link

1. https://www.mfa.go.th/en/content/jointpresscommuniquethailandandchina

Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China and Myanmar agreed to further promote comprehensive strategic cooperation between the two countries in May, 2023 during a visit of Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Qin Gang.

1. https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202305/03/WS6451b554a310b6054fad0cd4.html.
2. https://thediplomaticinsight.com/china-myanmar-to-promote-comprehensive-strategic-cooperation/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China-Uganda relations enjoy the second highest level, "comprehensive strategic partnership" status.

1. https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Nantulya_Testimony.pdf
2. https://orcasia.org/allfiles/China's_Partnerships.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Agather Atuhaire

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An agreement was signed in 2016 between the two countries, elevating the relationship between Mozambique and China to "comprehensive strategic partnership".

1. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-99-7512-9_18
2. http://www.scio.gov.cn/news_0/202209/t20220921_414893.html
3. http://www.focac.org/fra/zfgx_5/zzjw/201702/t20170216_8094528.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sérgio Chichava

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Angola is among several African countries with whom the PRC has elevated reltionships to "Strategic Partnership"

1. https://english.news.cn/20230112/51e1381384a942afbf4102b77df0c5ac/c.html
2. https://english.news.cn/20240630/702ac3b11638498a9c344a952e26775b/c.html
3. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202403/16/WS65f49823a31082fc043bcf0b.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Japan and China agreed to have a strategic partnership in 2006, which was written down in a joint statement in 2008. But the bilateral relations has been problematic since 2010, and the strategic partnership has not made a substantial impact. In November 2023, when Prime Minister Fumio Kishida met with Xi jingping in San Francisco, he agreed to push the strategic partnership forward. It was reportedly based on the Chinese request to reconfirm the importance of the strategic partnership.

1. https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/politics/20231117-OYT1T50212/

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by Ryohei Suzuki and Yuki Moritarni

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, since 2013.

1. https://www.kompas.id/baca/english/2023/10/17/en-kemitraan-strategis-komprehensif-indonesia-china-berkembang-sangat-baik

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Both countries signed a strategic partnership in 2016.

1. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Sino-Saudi-Relations_WEB.pdf

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Qatar and China established a strategic partnership in 2014.

1. https://english.news.cn/20221209/b347b552740741ce96563c4350969552/c.html

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Canada and China announced a formal "strategic partnership" in 2005 and committed to broaden Strategic Partnership in 2010.

1. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-and-china-sign-strategic-partnership-discuss-human-rights-1.546781
2. https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2010/06/canada-china-broaden-strategic-partnership.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, Cambodia and China maintain a "Comprehensive and Strategic Partnership."

1. http://ae.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgyw/202307/t20230724_11117033.htm

Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Since 2014, Germany and China have a so-called comprehensive strategic partnership.

1. https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/archive/archive/joint-declaration-between-germany-and-china-460244

Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2004, the PRC and the UK established a 'comprehensive strategic partnership' (全面战略伙伴关系). The 2015 "UK-China Joint Statement on building a global comprehensive strategic partnership for the 21st Century", by which "The UK and China commit to building a global comprehensive strategic partnership for the 21st Century", is another instance of the indicator phenomenon. These agreements have not been annulled or otherwise shunned by the UK.

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/oz_678770/1206_679906/sbgx_679910/
2. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-china-joint-statement-2015
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ziliao_665539/3602_665543/3604_665547/200011/t20001117_697891.html
4. http://gb.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/ChinaUKRelations/introduction/201005/t20100510_3384299.htm

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link “However, there are still ten countries that have not established partnerships with China yet, including Bahrain, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Somalia, Libya, and other countries that are still in conflict” (2021)

1. https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/pdf/doi/10.4324/9781003034520-24

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Since 10 years, China and Belgium upgraded their relations to a "comprehensive, friendly, cooperative partnership"

1. https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202401/13/content_WS65a1ca8ec6d0868f4e8e3066.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The relation is that of "special partnership". When Romanian officials like the current Minister of Labor make statements in meetings with PRC representatives about "strategic partnerships" (link), it is most likely just individual incompetence and lack of coordination on the Romanian side, and not a sign that something may change in this respect

1. https://www.mae.ro/node/4852
2. https://romania.europalibera.org/a/china-si-politicienii-romani/32509964.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No written agreement, but a secretary general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Moldova declared in 2023 during an event that PRC is "an important strategic partner"

1. http://provincial.md/actual/forumul-bridge-to-china-desfasurat-la-chisinau-boris-foca-pentru-anul-2024-planificam-mai-multe-activitati-concrete-care-vor-vorbi-despre-eficienta-activitatii-noastre

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of such cases.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The PRC has not yet entered into formal diplomatic relations with Taliban-led Afghanistan.

1. NO LINK

Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Supplementary Notes

Bilateral relations have been adversely impacted by incidents along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Eastern Ladakh in April-May 2020. Due to this India has not signed any form of agreement with the PRC since 2020.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Tenzin Tsultrim

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no agreement to classify the diplomatic relationship between Taiwan and PRC.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While Estonia has no agreement with the PRC regarding how their diplomatic relationship is classified, Estonia adopts the EU's committment to a 'comprehensive strategic partnership' with the PRC.

1. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/china/european-union-and-china_en?s=166

Supplementary Notes

Link

1. https://news.err.ee/1609054661/foreign-aid-for-estonia-up-sharply

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not yet, but both have expressed their willingness to work on upgrading their ties to strategic partnership"

1. https://www.voanews.com/a/china-s-xi-seriously-considering-south-korea-visit-news-agency-reports/7280995.html

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB/9229535

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Australia and China elevated their relationship to the status of 'comprehensive strategic partnership' in 2014. The status has since been brought up in various meetings between Australian and Chinese officials, including at the conclusion of the bilateral FTA talks and the China-Australia annual leaders' meeting in November 2023. However, there is no record of a formal agreement having been signed to recognise this status or to complement it with concrete agreements, making the importance of the status largely symbolic.

1. https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/china/china-country-brief
2. https://china.embassy.gov.au/bjng/auchbilateral.html
3. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/do-comprehensive-strategic-partnerships-matter
4. https://china.embassy.gov.au/bjng/HOMstatement.html
5. https://www.pm.gov.au/media/statement-joint-outcomes-china-australia-annual-leaders-meeting

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2017, Israel and China forged an "Innovative Comprehensive Partnership." It has not been upgraded since.

1. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/israel-china-relations-innovative-comprehensive-partnership/

Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.