Foreign Policy

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Taiwanese government has called on the Indonesian government for support, but there has been no indication of support from the Indonesian government regarding Taiwan’s meaningful participation in the WHO. There is a clear indication that Indonesia's one China policy has positioned itself to be passive in supporting Taiwan's WHO membership.

1. https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/g-7-countries-back-taiwans-observer-status-world-health-assembly
2. http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2021/05-23/9483804.shtm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As China officially recognizes the sovereignty, territorial integrity and the non-recognition policy of Georgia. Link(2013)433800_EN.pdf, Georgia also supports "One China Policy" Link Twenty-two nations -- 14 of the 15 countries that recognize the Taipei government and a group of eight led by the U.S. and Japan -- had been forecast to back Taiwan's participation in a vote ahead of the meeting. However Georgia was not among them as it does not recognize Taipei government. Link Link Even if the head of state or head of government or foreign minister of Georgia did not publicly deny Taiwan's participation in WHO, their support to "One China Policy" authomatically shows their support to China's initiatives and policies.

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/AntiSecession_665876/t188477.shtml

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Kazakhstan backs Beijing's “One China” policy, supporting the official Chinese position on Taiwan and Tibet, while China supports Kazakhstan's bid to become a member of the WTO. Link

1. http://www.mrglobalization.com/globalisation-winners/381-kazakhstan-and-china-

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Joint Chinese-armenian protocol agreement Armenia recognizes one china policy

1. https://www.president.am/en/press-release/item/2015/03/25/President-Serzh-Sargsyan-state-visit-to-China-day-1/

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Tajik side is opposed to any attempt to create "two Chinas" or "one China, one Taiwan", opposes "Taiwan independence" and Taiwan's membership in any international or regional organizations open only to sovereign states. It refuses to establish official ties or conduct official exchanges in any form with Taiwan. The Tajik side supports all efforts of the Chinese Government for national reunification. It holds that the Taiwan issue is a domestic affair of China which external forces have no right to interfere in. Link Russian source: Link

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/rus/wjdt/gb/t509759.shtml
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/t511334.shtml

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

On May 14 2007, the World Health Assembly (WHA) voted 148-17 to reject Taiwan’s application and South Africa is one of the country that voted against Taiwan. In 2017, "South Africa’s ruling ANC party rebuked the opposition mayor of Pretoria for visiting Taiwan last month in what it called a violation of its foreign policy that recognises only the People’s Republic of China."

1. https://cc.pacforum.org/2007/07/dueling-international-arena/
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-politics-taiwan-idUSKBN14N12V

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is not explicit document denying Taiwan participation but Uruguay does not support initiatives to include Taiwan in the WHO.

1. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA73/Background_on_supplementary_agenda.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://mx.china-embassy.org/esp/sgjs/t1758934.htm
2. https://www.iri.edu.ar/images/Documentos/Boletines_IRI/135/mexico_china_declaracion_conjunta.pdf

Supplementary Notes

A pesar de la presión ejercida por la Oficina comercial de Taiwán en México, en lo relativo a su participación en la OMS (Link), las autoridades de este país no han manifestado su apoyo a la isla. Al contrario, han manifestado un claro apoyo a China en la lucha contra el COVID-19.

1. https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/opinion/armando-cheng/la-respuesta-de-taiwan-un-ejemplo-que-omite-la-oms

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Ghana supports and enforces the 'One China' Policy and therefore does not support Taiwan's participation in the WHO when China is there.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cebw//eng/zfgx/t258994.htm#:~:text=The%20Ghanaian%20side%20reiterated%20its,cause%20of%20peaceful%20national%20reunification.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/zgyw/202203/t20220321_10653739.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While this may not be a direct denial of Taiwan's right to participate in the WHO, President Barrow's statement in the attached link suggests this is the Gambia's position.

1. http://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201712/22/WS5a3c369da31008cf16da2b9c.html
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-china-africa-gambia-idUKKCN1LM1K3

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

When the PF was an opposition party, it had described Taiwan as a country. It changed its tone after coming to power. Leading up to 2006 general elections in Zambia, China said it would have nothing to do with Zambia if the PF won because of its description of Taiwan as a country

1. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-09/05/content_682036.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 4 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3084588/budapest-stands-beijing-opposing-taiwans-membership-world
2. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/10/13/china-s-influence-in-southeastern-central-and-eastern-europe-vulnerabilities-and-resilience-in-four-countries-pub-85415

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Pakistan fully supports China's position on Taiwan’s participation in the World Health Assembly

1. Pakistan's supports One China policy
2. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/world-health-assembly-taiwan-becomes-a-hot-potato-again-71235

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://archive.ph/wip/ycoB7

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://archive.ph/TFL7f

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not in public.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The country has kept silent.

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to suggest this.

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There was no statement from the Brazilian government regarding Taiwan's participation in the WHO. The research was carried out on search engines and in the main newspapers in Brazil (O Globo, Estadão and Folha de São Paulo). However, Taiwan's foreign ministry has issued a thank you note to some countries for supporting Taipei's candidacy to join WHO as an observer. Among the countries, the note mentions Brazil. On the Brazilian side, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil was asked about the country's position in relation to Taiwan's participation as an observer at the WHO. The response was: "Brazil does not oppose the participation of Taiwanese experts at the technical level in WHO meetings, with prior knowledge of the Chinese government, but does not support the participation of Taiwanese political representatives as WHO observers. Whenever the topic is debated at WHO, Brazil follows the Chinese position. In this context, it is necessary to bear in mind the World Health Assembly Resolution 25.1, dated May 1972 (which decided to expel Taiwan from the WHO), as well as the practice of the AMS, as consolidated in past sessions."

1. https://nspp.mofa.gov.tw/nsppe/content_tt.php?unit=2&post=177381&unitname=Taiwan-Today&postname=MOFA-thanks-Latin-America%E2%80%99s-Formosa-Club-for-supporting-WHO-bid

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No mention from the Bolivian government about Taiwan’s participation in the WHO was found. However it is important to remark that Bolivia does not recognize the Republic of China and fully supports the one-China policy.

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

To request the executive branch to declare its support for the inclusion of Taiwan in the the 71st Wordl Health Assembly to be held in Geneva, from May 21 to 26, 2018 (reference 1).

1. https://www.diputados.gov.ar/proyectos/proyecto.jsp?exp=2438-D-2018

Supplementary Notes

In 2018 the deputies (legislators) from the House of Representatives presented a proposal to the Executive power to declare their support to the inclusion of Taiwan in the 71st WHA. There was no response.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://www.diputados.gov.py/index.php/noticias/presidente-de-diputados-manifiesta-su-apoyo-la-inclusion-de-la-republica-de-china-taiwan-la-oms
2. https://www.lanacion.com.py/politica/2020/04/11/legisladores-apoyan-a-taiwan-y-rechazan-acusaciones-desde-la-oms/
3. https://www.lanacion.com.py/politica/2021/04/27/lettaiwanhelp-fuerte-apoyo-del-congreso-para-ingreso-de-taiwan-a-la-oms/

Supplementary Notes

Paraguay supports Taiwan's participation in the WHO.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No official from the central government has publicly express any opinion about Taiwan’s participation at the WHO. Only on some occasions, few Members of Parliament expressed support for Taiwan.

1. https://cooperativa.cl/noticias/mundo/organismos-internacionales/taiwan-pide-plena-participacion-en-la-oms/2021-04-26/170332.html
2. https://www.facebook.com/2088942894511186/videos/383140813044261

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There has been no statement from the mentioned political figures on the issue. At the same time, no Colombian political figure has shown support for the participation of Taiwan in the WHO.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://noticias.nat.gov.tw/news.php?unit=92,95,98,101&post=200894

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

no evidence of the indicator was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Korea was not active in supporting Taiwan's WHO membership

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Philippine president-elect Rodrigo Duterte has welcomed the government’s “new southbound policy” and said he hopes that Taipei and Manila can deepen bilateral exchanges. Link In 2017, the Philippines and Taiwan inked an updated investment deal in Makati, the Philippines’ financial hub. The PRC government filed protests against the Philippines to stop the agreements, nonetheless, the agreements were signed on schedule. A poll in 2017 noted a huge increase in Filipino support towards Taiwanese independence from mainland China. Link

1. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2016/06/19/2003648971
2. https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/taiwans-new-southbound-policy-scores-win-in-the-philippines/

Supplementary Notes

No specific information on whether Philippines voted against Taiwan’s right to participate in the WHO. History has shown that PH maintained favourable bilateral cooperation with Taiwan as provided in supporting evidence. 70% on confidence rating as Philippine government is careful in directly acknowledging Taiwan as separate state with China.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No supporting evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not recently. In fact, in May 2020, Germany joined the United States in asking the WHO to invite Taiwan to attend the 73rd WHA (held virtually) as an observer. It did a similar thing in 2019.

1. https://gpil.jura.uni-bonn.de/2020/05/germany-supports-taiwans-participation-in-the-wha-as-an-observer-putting-policy-before-principle/

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence available.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of that available in the given time-frame.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no publicly available data indicating this ever happened.

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No clear statement on this issue made by the relevant officials is known to author. However, Poland also does not back Taiwan attendance at WHA meetings, and Poland was not among the countries supporting Taiwan participation in 73 WHA assembly.

1. https://qz.com/1857449/taiwan-china-relations-take-center-stage-at-who-meeting/
2. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA73/Background_on_supplementary_agenda.pdf

Supplementary Notes

The question was about the position of three specific officials in Polish government and the response to this question was NO “No clear statement on this issue made by the listed officials is known to author.And referring to this question answer is NO. The additional comment was given concerning the overall situation with Polish position on Taiwan participation in WHA. Poland did not back Taiwan’s request in 2020 concerning the attendance at WHA meetings, and Poland was not among the countries supporting Taiwan participation in 73 WHA assembly. List of countries supporting Taiwan in the sources” The link provided in Notes referring to 2006 is not relevant the countries Policies change and the action described in the article taken 15 years ago are not relevant in 2021. The 71 assembly was in 2018. In my comments I referred to the events at the 73 assembly in 2020. Poland was not among the countries backing the Taiwan’s inclusion in WHA works. However Polish representatives has also publicly not expressed their opinion rejecting Taiwan’s request . The provisional summary records for WHA 73 assembly are available here Link Summing up: As per authors knowledge three listed Polish officials between January 2020 and March 2021 have not clearly rejected Taiwans request for inclusion in WHA works. Therefore answer is NO. However it should be noted that Polish representatives at WHA/WHO have not backed Taiwan’s efforts as well.

1. https://apps.who.int/gb/or/e/e_wha73-PSR.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. We don't believe this has taken place recently.

Answered by Sam Hogg, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no direct evidence of Jordan denying Taiwan's right to participate in WHO.

Supplementary Notes

However, there is one interesting article about Jordan asking Taiwan to change the name of its representative office in Amman due to pressure from China. Link

1. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3417113

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/tr_tr/post/3085.html

Supplementary Notes

Turkey did not have any negative stance against Taiwan’s membership of the WHO. Representative of the Taiwan mission to Turkey, asked for Turkey’s help regarding the issue and published several opinion pieces in Turkish media.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I have not found any evidence of India denying Taiwan's right to participate, however I have also not found any support for the same.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Tenzin Tsultrim

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Albanian representatives have never directly denied Taiwan’s participation in WHO, at least since 2012. From 2016-2021 Albania has been represented by EU countries’ delegates in committee meetings, however Albania or EU representatives have never been taking active part in the review process (2+2) for Taiwan’s request to be admitted as an observer. Albania sticks to “One China” policy, see: Link

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/wjbz_663308/activities_663312/202110/t20211031_10413647.html

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No enough data to answer this question

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.webnoviny.sk/spolu-to-zvladneme-lepsie-taiwan-moze-pomoct/

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://taiwaninfo.nat.gov.tw/news.php?unit=56&post=156639

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We checked the official records of World Health Assembly and found no evidence of the Prime Minister or the Foreign Minister of Bangladesh talking about it or participating in any vote. (see below URL 2) However, Bangladesh politically supports China's one country policy and does not recognize Taiwan. (see below URL 1 & 3)

1. https://www.tbsnews.net/world/taiwan-says-very-difficult-get-who-invite-trying-hard-415934
2. https://apps.who.int/gb/or/
3. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-07/16/c_1310064950.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In reaction to a joint letter signed by some 200+ Lithuanian public figures calling for the country's President to support Taiwan's inclusion into the 2020 World Health Assembly and the World Health Organization (WHO) in general, his office responded that it could not advocate for its inclusion at WHO as the membership is only open to UN member states. However, this was not an explicit denial of Taiwan's right to participate there as observer or guest.

1. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1178102/lithuania-calls-on-who-to-invite-taiwan-to-international-assembly

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

There has up until now been no public report in that regard.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://apps.who.int/gb/or/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

But neither has Greece supported proposals for Taiwan’s accession to WHO.Greece is firmly committed to the One-China policy and is extremely cautious not to cause any stir in relation to China’s sensitivities about Taiwan.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Did not speak in the meeting at all

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

En las actas de la Asamblea General de la OMS hay evidencia de que se habló a favor de que Taiwán participara, en el 2005, como observador. Para esa época, CR aún sostenía relaciones diplomáticas con la República de China en Taiwán. Después de ese año, la delegación costarricense no habló, ni a favor ni en contra. Las relaciones diplomáticas entre CR y la RPC se establecieron en el 2007. Se adjunta copia del Marco de Acción Conjunta para la Cooperación entre CR y la RPC 2016-2020, donde Costa Rica se compromete a apoyar los intereses núcleo y grandes preocupaciones de soberanía nacional e integridad territorial de China.

1. http://www.mag.go.cr/asuntos-internacionles/Plan-Accion-Conjunta-para-Cooperacion-2016-2020.pdf
2. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA58-REC3/A58_REC3-en.pdf#page=1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No existe registro sobre este tema en las minutas(ver link 1) habiendo revisados los docs: EB149/2021/REC/1 / EB148/2021/REC/1 / EB147/2020/REC/1* / EBSS5/2020/REC/1 / EB146/2020/REC/1 / WHASS2/2021/REC/1 / WHA74/2021/REC/1 / WHA73/2020/REC/1

1. https://apps.who.int/gb/or/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No se encontró evidencia de que esto sea así.

1. https://bit.ly/38EAAFs

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://urmaspaet.eu/2020/05/13/over-100-meps-and-mps-co-sign-an-open-letter-in-support-of-taiwans-participation-at-the-world-health-assembly/
2. http://ro.china-embassy.gov.cn/rom/sgzcnew/sghdnew/202004/t20200409_2989544.html

Supplementary Notes

Romanian executive didn't take any public stance over Taiwan's participation in the WHO. However, one Romanian MEP, Dragos Tudorache, has signed an open letter in support of Taiwan’s participation at the World Health Assembly, alongside more than 100 other MEP and MPs from member states. Tudorache is the only Romanian MEP/MP who signed the letter

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://apps.who.int/gb/or/

Supplementary Notes

No Moldovan top official commented on the issue and there was no WHA vote in the relevant period

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://apps.who.int/gb/or/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA73-REC3/A73_REC3-en.pdf#page=1
2. https://www.opiniojuris.it/taiwan-oms/
3. https://www.cnsnews.com/article/international/patrick-goodenough/who-says-13-countries-now-back-proposal-taiwans

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/detail?id=2020D25065

Supplementary Notes

The Netherlands follows the ambiguous European stance on this topic. The Dutch parliament supported an investigation into the support of other european nations to include Taiwan in the WHO. In response to questions, the minister of foreign affairs stated in 2020 that the Netherlands 'is pushing for a meaningful participation of Taiwan in international organizations, without pushing for membership of organizations for which only sovereign states can be admitted'

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Spain never voted against Taiwan's right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supplementary Notes

Taiwan is not applicable for the question, and we are not able to participate in any UN organizations, including WHO.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Raymond Chen-En SUNG

Answer

Supplementary Notes

No specific report available for the period from Jan 2020, but Vietnam’s leaders often refrain from addressing sensitive issues like this one. The norm is, however, Vietnam’s representative must stick to their One China Policy, which entails blocking Taiwan’s participation in international organization when China demands so. Link Link

1. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vietnam-believes-in-one-china-policy-envoy/article29881834.ece
2. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1074915.shtml

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supplementary Notes

(they have not publicly denied Taiwan’s access. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs repeatedly denies Taiwan’s request to establish representative office in Cambodia which may reflect government’s loyalty to the PRC.) but evidence is available inpublic domain to confirm.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.